[FEA] Add CUDA 12.2 to the install selector (and other docs)

[jakirkham]

Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe.

RAPIDS is now adding CUDA 12.2 support as part of RAPIDS 24.04. It would be good to communicate this to users

Describe the solution you'd like

This could occur by adding CUDA 12.2 specifically throughout or generalizing CUDA 12 logic to support CUDA 12.x (with the minimum being 12.0 and the maximum being CUDA 12.2). This would include a couple updates:

• The RAPIDS install selector
• References in the docs

Describe alternatives you've considered

Open to other ideas on how we communicate this

Additional context

Refs:

• Add support for CUDA 12.2 build-planning#6
• Add support for CUDA 12.2 wheels build-planning#7
• Add support for CUDA 12.2 conda packages build-planning#8

[bdice]

Closing as complete, now that #483 is merged. We'll need an update after the 24.04 release but that won't require as much work, and that kind of update is a normal part of the release process.