From 17ef8cb6a3a88ce1c2383409d2233454f24d951c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matthew Roeschke <10647082+mroeschke@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 16 Nov 2023 16:07:11 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 1/9] REF: Remove **kwargs from to_pandas, raise if nullable is
 not implemented

---
 python/cudf/cudf/core/_base_index.py        |  2 +-
 python/cudf/cudf/core/column/categorical.py |  5 +++-
 python/cudf/cudf/core/column/column.py      | 12 ++++++----
 python/cudf/cudf/core/column/datetime.py    | 12 ++++++----
 python/cudf/cudf/core/column/interval.py    |  4 +++-
 python/cudf/cudf/core/column/numerical.py   |  3 +--
 python/cudf/cudf/core/column/string.py      |  3 +--
 python/cudf/cudf/core/column/struct.py      | 10 ++++----
 python/cudf/cudf/core/column/timedelta.py   |  7 +++---
 python/cudf/cudf/core/dataframe.py          |  2 +-
 python/cudf/cudf/core/index.py              | 17 +++++++++-----
 python/cudf/cudf/core/multiindex.py         |  6 ++---
 python/cudf/cudf/core/series.py             |  4 +++-
 python/cudf/cudf/tests/test_index.py        | 26 +++++++++++++++++----
 14 files changed, 71 insertions(+), 42 deletions(-)

diff --git a/python/cudf/cudf/core/_base_index.py b/python/cudf/cudf/core/_base_index.py
index 3616ec1b542..943f363feca 100644
--- a/python/cudf/cudf/core/_base_index.py
+++ b/python/cudf/cudf/core/_base_index.py
@@ -850,7 +850,7 @@ def notna(self):
         """
         raise NotImplementedError
 
-    def to_pandas(self, nullable=False):
+    def to_pandas(self, nullable: bool = False):
         """
         Convert to a Pandas Index.
 
diff --git a/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/categorical.py b/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/categorical.py
index bab07624dfa..6ab079412c0 100644
--- a/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/categorical.py
+++ b/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/categorical.py
@@ -974,8 +974,11 @@ def __cuda_array_interface__(self) -> Mapping[str, Any]:
         )
 
     def to_pandas(
-        self, index: Optional[pd.Index] = None, **kwargs
+        self, index: Optional[pd.Index] = None, nullable: bool = False
     ) -> pd.Series:
+        if nullable:
+            raise NotImplementedError(f"{nullable=} is not implemented.")
+
         if self.categories.dtype.kind == "f":
             new_mask = bools_to_mask(self.notnull())
             col = column.build_categorical_column(
diff --git a/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/column.py b/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/column.py
index b4f65693d85..3fc0484211e 100644
--- a/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/column.py
+++ b/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/column.py
@@ -203,17 +203,19 @@ def __repr__(self):
         )
 
     def to_pandas(
-        self, index: Optional[pd.Index] = None, **kwargs
+        self,
+        index: Optional[pd.Index] = None,
+        nullable: bool = False,
     ) -> pd.Series:
         """Convert object to pandas type.
 
         The default implementation falls back to PyArrow for the conversion.
         """
         # This default implementation does not handle nulls in any meaningful
-        # way, but must consume the parameter to avoid passing it to PyArrow
-        # (which does not recognize it).
-        kwargs.pop("nullable", None)
-        pd_series = self.to_arrow().to_pandas(**kwargs)
+        # way
+        if nullable:
+            raise NotImplementedError(f"{nullable=} is not implemented.")
+        pd_series = self.to_arrow().to_pandas()
 
         if index is not None:
             pd_series.index = index
diff --git a/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/datetime.py b/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/datetime.py
index b03b3c905a4..c473b845861 100644
--- a/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/datetime.py
+++ b/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/datetime.py
@@ -306,8 +306,9 @@ def to_pandas(
         self,
         index: Optional[pd.Index] = None,
         nullable: bool = False,
-        **kwargs,
-    ) -> "cudf.Series":
+    ) -> pd.Series:
+        if nullable:
+            raise NotImplementedError(f"{nullable=} is not implemented.")
         # `copy=True` workaround until following issue is fixed:
         # https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-9772
 
@@ -684,8 +685,11 @@ def to_pandas(
         self,
         index: Optional[pd.Index] = None,
         nullable: bool = False,
-        **kwargs,
-    ) -> "cudf.Series":
+    ) -> pd.Series:
+        if index is not None:
+            raise NotImplementedError(f"{index=} is not implemented.")
+        if nullable:
+            raise NotImplementedError(f"{nullable=} is not implemented.")
         return self._local_time.to_pandas().dt.tz_localize(
             self.dtype.tz, ambiguous="NaT", nonexistent="NaT"
         )
diff --git a/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/interval.py b/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/interval.py
index d4855def832..afae4c8528e 100644
--- a/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/interval.py
+++ b/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/interval.py
@@ -126,13 +126,15 @@ def as_interval_column(self, dtype, **kwargs):
             raise ValueError("dtype must be IntervalDtype")
 
     def to_pandas(
-        self, index: Optional[pd.Index] = None, **kwargs
+        self, index: Optional[pd.Index] = None, nullable: bool = False
     ) -> pd.Series:
         # Note: This does not handle null values in the interval column.
         # However, this exact sequence (calling __from_arrow__ on the output of
         # self.to_arrow) is currently the best known way to convert interval
         # types into pandas (trying to convert the underlying numerical columns
         # directly is problematic), so we're stuck with this for now.
+        if nullable:
+            raise NotImplementedError(f"{nullable=} is not implemented.")
         return pd.Series(
             self.dtype.to_pandas().__from_arrow__(self.to_arrow()), index=index
         )
diff --git a/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/numerical.py b/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/numerical.py
index 4ea49c8c7c0..151b5d5de8d 100644
--- a/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/numerical.py
+++ b/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/numerical.py
@@ -681,7 +681,6 @@ def to_pandas(
         self,
         index: Optional[pd.Index] = None,
         nullable: bool = False,
-        **kwargs,
     ) -> pd.Series:
         if nullable and self.dtype in np_dtypes_to_pandas_dtypes:
             pandas_nullable_dtype = np_dtypes_to_pandas_dtypes[self.dtype]
@@ -691,7 +690,7 @@ def to_pandas(
         elif str(self.dtype) in NUMERIC_TYPES and not self.has_nulls():
             pd_series = pd.Series(self.values_host, copy=False)
         else:
-            pd_series = self.to_arrow().to_pandas(**kwargs)
+            pd_series = self.to_arrow().to_pandas()
 
         if index is not None:
             pd_series.index = index
diff --git a/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/string.py b/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/string.py
index eb86f555432..5820dec72b1 100644
--- a/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/string.py
+++ b/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/string.py
@@ -5758,13 +5758,12 @@ def to_pandas(
         self,
         index: Optional[pd.Index] = None,
         nullable: bool = False,
-        **kwargs,
     ) -> pd.Series:
         if nullable:
             pandas_array = pd.StringDtype().__from_arrow__(self.to_arrow())
             pd_series = pd.Series(pandas_array, copy=False)
         else:
-            pd_series = self.to_arrow().to_pandas(**kwargs)
+            pd_series = self.to_arrow().to_pandas()
 
         if index is not None:
             pd_series.index = index
diff --git a/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/struct.py b/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/struct.py
index 0bb21f4c25a..3083d1ac729 100644
--- a/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/struct.py
+++ b/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/struct.py
@@ -59,16 +59,14 @@ def to_arrow(self):
         )
 
     def to_pandas(
-        self, index: Optional[pd.Index] = None, **kwargs
+        self, index: Optional[pd.Index] = None, nullable: bool = False
     ) -> pd.Series:
         # We cannot go via Arrow's `to_pandas` because of the following issue:
         # https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-12680
+        if nullable:
+            raise NotImplementedError(f"{nullable=} is not implemented.")
 
-        pd_series = pd.Series(self.to_arrow().tolist(), dtype="object")
-
-        if index is not None:
-            pd_series.index = index
-        return pd_series
+        return pd.Series(self.to_arrow().tolist(), dtype="object", index=index)
 
     @cached_property
     def memory_usage(self):
diff --git a/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/timedelta.py b/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/timedelta.py
index 13bb97b9a89..1e8ab43afaf 100644
--- a/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/timedelta.py
+++ b/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/timedelta.py
@@ -143,15 +143,16 @@ def to_arrow(self) -> pa.Array:
             null_count=self.null_count,
         )
 
-    def to_pandas(
-        self, index=None, nullable: bool = False, **kwargs
-    ) -> pd.Series:
+    def to_pandas(self, index=None, nullable: bool = False) -> pd.Series:
         # `copy=True` workaround until following issue is fixed:
         # https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-9772
 
         # Pandas only supports `timedelta64[ns]` dtype
         # and conversion to this type is necessary to make
         # arrow to pandas conversion happen for large values.
+        if nullable:
+            raise NotImplementedError(f"{nullable=} is not implemented.")
+
         return pd.Series(
             self.astype("timedelta64[ns]").to_arrow(),
             copy=True,
diff --git a/python/cudf/cudf/core/dataframe.py b/python/cudf/cudf/core/dataframe.py
index 16eead6ea81..21eb5151088 100644
--- a/python/cudf/cudf/core/dataframe.py
+++ b/python/cudf/cudf/core/dataframe.py
@@ -5111,7 +5111,7 @@ def describe(
             )
 
     @_cudf_nvtx_annotate
-    def to_pandas(self, nullable=False, **kwargs):
+    def to_pandas(self, nullable: bool = False) -> pd.DataFrame:
         """
         Convert to a Pandas DataFrame.
 
diff --git a/python/cudf/cudf/core/index.py b/python/cudf/cudf/core/index.py
index 9f0c66a5c74..57812335d35 100644
--- a/python/cudf/cudf/core/index.py
+++ b/python/cudf/cudf/core/index.py
@@ -503,7 +503,9 @@ def dtype(self):
         return _maybe_convert_to_default_type(dtype)
 
     @_cudf_nvtx_annotate
-    def to_pandas(self, nullable=False):
+    def to_pandas(self, nullable: bool = False) -> pd.RangeIndex:
+        if nullable:
+            raise NotImplementedError(f"{nullable=} is not implemented.")
         return pd.RangeIndex(
             start=self._start,
             stop=self._stop,
@@ -1569,7 +1571,7 @@ def _clean_nulls_from_index(self):
     def any(self):
         return self._values.any()
 
-    def to_pandas(self, nullable=False):
+    def to_pandas(self, nullable: bool = False) -> pd.Index:
         return pd.Index(
             self._values.to_pandas(nullable=nullable), name=self.name
         )
@@ -2510,7 +2512,9 @@ def isocalendar(self):
         return cudf.core.tools.datetimes._to_iso_calendar(self)
 
     @_cudf_nvtx_annotate
-    def to_pandas(self, nullable=False):
+    def to_pandas(self, nullable: bool = False) -> pd.DatetimeIndex:
+        if nullable:
+            raise NotImplementedError(f"{nullable=} is not implemented.")
         # TODO: no need to convert to nanos with Pandas 2.x
         if isinstance(self.dtype, pd.DatetimeTZDtype):
             nanos = self._values.astype(
@@ -2834,11 +2838,12 @@ def __getitem__(self, index):
         return value
 
     @_cudf_nvtx_annotate
-    def to_pandas(self, nullable=False):
+    def to_pandas(self, nullable: bool = False) -> pd.TimedeltaIndex:
+        if nullable:
+            raise NotImplementedError(f"{nullable=} is not implemented.")
         return pd.TimedeltaIndex(
             self._values.to_pandas(),
             name=self.name,
-            unit=self._values.time_unit,
         )
 
     @property  # type: ignore
@@ -3302,7 +3307,7 @@ def __init__(self, values, copy=False, **kwargs):
         super().__init__(values, **kwargs)
 
     @_cudf_nvtx_annotate
-    def to_pandas(self, nullable=False):
+    def to_pandas(self, nullable: bool = False) -> pd.Index:
         return pd.Index(
             self.to_numpy(na_value=None),
             name=self.name,
diff --git a/python/cudf/cudf/core/multiindex.py b/python/cudf/cudf/core/multiindex.py
index d0c8a513686..4f71c030cc3 100644
--- a/python/cudf/cudf/core/multiindex.py
+++ b/python/cudf/cudf/core/multiindex.py
@@ -1592,10 +1592,8 @@ def droplevel(self, level=-1):
             return mi
 
     @_cudf_nvtx_annotate
-    def to_pandas(self, nullable=False, **kwargs):
-        result = self.to_frame(
-            index=False, name=list(range(self.nlevels))
-        ).to_pandas(nullable=nullable)
+    def to_pandas(self, nullable: bool = False) -> pd.MultiIndex:
+        result = self.to_frame(index=False).to_pandas(nullable=nullable)
         return pd.MultiIndex.from_frame(result, names=self.names)
 
     @classmethod
diff --git a/python/cudf/cudf/core/series.py b/python/cudf/cudf/core/series.py
index 04a7ed3abf7..746edafbe5e 100644
--- a/python/cudf/cudf/core/series.py
+++ b/python/cudf/cudf/core/series.py
@@ -2064,7 +2064,9 @@ def any(self, axis=0, bool_only=None, skipna=True, level=None, **kwargs):
         return super().any(axis, skipna, level, **kwargs)
 
     @_cudf_nvtx_annotate
-    def to_pandas(self, index=True, nullable=False, **kwargs):
+    def to_pandas(
+        self, index: bool = True, nullable: bool = False
+    ) -> pd.Series:
         """
         Convert to a Pandas Series.
 
diff --git a/python/cudf/cudf/tests/test_index.py b/python/cudf/cudf/tests/test_index.py
index 087b93f1a02..c393522c28b 100644
--- a/python/cudf/cudf/tests/test_index.py
+++ b/python/cudf/cudf/tests/test_index.py
@@ -2750,11 +2750,14 @@ def test_index_error_list_index():
 )
 def test_index_hasnans(data):
     gs = cudf.Index(data, nan_as_null=False)
-    ps = gs.to_pandas(nullable=True)
-
-    # Check type to avoid mixing Python bool and NumPy bool
-    assert isinstance(gs.hasnans, bool)
-    assert gs.hasnans == ps.hasnans
+    if isinstance(gs, cudf.RangeIndex):
+        with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError):
+            gs.to_pandas(nullable=True)
+    else:
+        ps = gs.to_pandas(nullable=True)
+        # Check type to avoid mixing Python bool and NumPy bool
+        assert isinstance(gs.hasnans, bool)
+        assert gs.hasnans == ps.hasnans
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
@@ -2949,3 +2952,16 @@ def test_index_getitem_from_int(idx):
 def test_index_getitem_from_nonint_raises(idx):
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
         cudf.Index([1, 2])[idx]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "idx",
+    [
+        cudf.RangeIndex(1),
+        cudf.DatetimeIndex(np.array([1, 2], dtype="datetime64[ns]")),
+        cudf.TimedeltaIndex(np.array([1, 2], dtype="timedelta64[ns]")),
+    ],
+)
+def test_index_to_pandas_nullable_notimplemented(idx):
+    with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError):
+        idx.to_pandas(nullable=True)

From 292c3d120394bfb02f4c7e8a31cd7526f6b46740 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matthew Roeschke <10647082+mroeschke@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 16 Nov 2023 18:30:28 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 2/9] Ignore index

---
 python/cudf/cudf/core/column/datetime.py | 2 --
 1 file changed, 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/datetime.py b/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/datetime.py
index c473b845861..ff9fe3cc17d 100644
--- a/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/datetime.py
+++ b/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/datetime.py
@@ -686,8 +686,6 @@ def to_pandas(
         index: Optional[pd.Index] = None,
         nullable: bool = False,
     ) -> pd.Series:
-        if index is not None:
-            raise NotImplementedError(f"{index=} is not implemented.")
         if nullable:
             raise NotImplementedError(f"{nullable=} is not implemented.")
         return self._local_time.to_pandas().dt.tz_localize(

From 864777ae054b3e5618396a404f4b957c1de180a8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matthew Roeschke <10647082+mroeschke@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 17 Nov 2023 14:28:32 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 3/9] Make nullable keyword only

---
 python/cudf/cudf/core/_base_index.py                |  2 +-
 python/cudf/cudf/core/column/timedelta.py           |  3 +--
 python/cudf/cudf/core/dataframe.py                  |  2 +-
 python/cudf/cudf/core/index.py                      | 10 +++++-----
 python/cudf/cudf/core/multiindex.py                 |  2 +-
 python/cudf/cudf/core/series.py                     |  6 +++---
 python/cudf/cudf/testing/testing.py                 |  8 ++++++--
 python/cudf/cudf/tests/dataframe/test_conversion.py | 10 ++++++++--
 python/cudf/cudf/tests/test_categorical.py          |  4 ++--
 python/cudf/cudf/tests/test_dataframe.py            |  6 +++---
 python/cudf/cudf/tests/test_parquet.py              |  8 +++++++-
 python/cudf/cudf/tests/test_udf_masked_ops.py       |  6 +++---
 12 files changed, 41 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-)

diff --git a/python/cudf/cudf/core/_base_index.py b/python/cudf/cudf/core/_base_index.py
index 943f363feca..8387ef96dfa 100644
--- a/python/cudf/cudf/core/_base_index.py
+++ b/python/cudf/cudf/core/_base_index.py
@@ -850,7 +850,7 @@ def notna(self):
         """
         raise NotImplementedError
 
-    def to_pandas(self, nullable: bool = False):
+    def to_pandas(self, *, nullable: bool = False):
         """
         Convert to a Pandas Index.
 
diff --git a/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/timedelta.py b/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/timedelta.py
index 1e8ab43afaf..ddbc7309133 100644
--- a/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/timedelta.py
+++ b/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/timedelta.py
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ def to_arrow(self) -> pa.Array:
             null_count=self.null_count,
         )
 
-    def to_pandas(self, index=None, nullable: bool = False) -> pd.Series:
+    def to_pandas(self, *, nullable: bool = False) -> pd.Series:
         # `copy=True` workaround until following issue is fixed:
         # https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-9772
 
@@ -157,7 +157,6 @@ def to_pandas(self, index=None, nullable: bool = False) -> pd.Series:
             self.astype("timedelta64[ns]").to_arrow(),
             copy=True,
             dtype=self.dtype,
-            index=index,
         )
 
     def _binaryop(self, other: ColumnBinaryOperand, op: str) -> ColumnBase:
diff --git a/python/cudf/cudf/core/dataframe.py b/python/cudf/cudf/core/dataframe.py
index 21eb5151088..703d278d003 100644
--- a/python/cudf/cudf/core/dataframe.py
+++ b/python/cudf/cudf/core/dataframe.py
@@ -5111,7 +5111,7 @@ def describe(
             )
 
     @_cudf_nvtx_annotate
-    def to_pandas(self, nullable: bool = False) -> pd.DataFrame:
+    def to_pandas(self, *, nullable: bool = False) -> pd.DataFrame:
         """
         Convert to a Pandas DataFrame.
 
diff --git a/python/cudf/cudf/core/index.py b/python/cudf/cudf/core/index.py
index 57812335d35..6777e485061 100644
--- a/python/cudf/cudf/core/index.py
+++ b/python/cudf/cudf/core/index.py
@@ -503,7 +503,7 @@ def dtype(self):
         return _maybe_convert_to_default_type(dtype)
 
     @_cudf_nvtx_annotate
-    def to_pandas(self, nullable: bool = False) -> pd.RangeIndex:
+    def to_pandas(self, *, nullable: bool = False) -> pd.RangeIndex:
         if nullable:
             raise NotImplementedError(f"{nullable=} is not implemented.")
         return pd.RangeIndex(
@@ -1571,7 +1571,7 @@ def _clean_nulls_from_index(self):
     def any(self):
         return self._values.any()
 
-    def to_pandas(self, nullable: bool = False) -> pd.Index:
+    def to_pandas(self, *, nullable: bool = False) -> pd.Index:
         return pd.Index(
             self._values.to_pandas(nullable=nullable), name=self.name
         )
@@ -2512,7 +2512,7 @@ def isocalendar(self):
         return cudf.core.tools.datetimes._to_iso_calendar(self)
 
     @_cudf_nvtx_annotate
-    def to_pandas(self, nullable: bool = False) -> pd.DatetimeIndex:
+    def to_pandas(self, *, nullable: bool = False) -> pd.DatetimeIndex:
         if nullable:
             raise NotImplementedError(f"{nullable=} is not implemented.")
         # TODO: no need to convert to nanos with Pandas 2.x
@@ -2838,7 +2838,7 @@ def __getitem__(self, index):
         return value
 
     @_cudf_nvtx_annotate
-    def to_pandas(self, nullable: bool = False) -> pd.TimedeltaIndex:
+    def to_pandas(self, *, nullable: bool = False) -> pd.TimedeltaIndex:
         if nullable:
             raise NotImplementedError(f"{nullable=} is not implemented.")
         return pd.TimedeltaIndex(
@@ -3307,7 +3307,7 @@ def __init__(self, values, copy=False, **kwargs):
         super().__init__(values, **kwargs)
 
     @_cudf_nvtx_annotate
-    def to_pandas(self, nullable: bool = False) -> pd.Index:
+    def to_pandas(self, *, nullable: bool = False) -> pd.Index:
         return pd.Index(
             self.to_numpy(na_value=None),
             name=self.name,
diff --git a/python/cudf/cudf/core/multiindex.py b/python/cudf/cudf/core/multiindex.py
index 4f71c030cc3..a2a1a9b3d58 100644
--- a/python/cudf/cudf/core/multiindex.py
+++ b/python/cudf/cudf/core/multiindex.py
@@ -1592,7 +1592,7 @@ def droplevel(self, level=-1):
             return mi
 
     @_cudf_nvtx_annotate
-    def to_pandas(self, nullable: bool = False) -> pd.MultiIndex:
+    def to_pandas(self, *, nullable: bool = False) -> pd.MultiIndex:
         result = self.to_frame(index=False).to_pandas(nullable=nullable)
         return pd.MultiIndex.from_frame(result, names=self.names)
 
diff --git a/python/cudf/cudf/core/series.py b/python/cudf/cudf/core/series.py
index 746edafbe5e..9b5e5f2e01e 100644
--- a/python/cudf/cudf/core/series.py
+++ b/python/cudf/cudf/core/series.py
@@ -2126,10 +2126,10 @@ def to_pandas(
         3    30.0
         dtype: float64
         """
-        if index is True:
-            index = self.index.to_pandas()
-        s = self._column.to_pandas(index=index, nullable=nullable)
+        s = self._column.to_pandas(nullable=nullable)
         s.name = self.name
+        if index is True:
+            s.index = self.index.to_pandas()
         return s
 
     @property  # type: ignore
diff --git a/python/cudf/cudf/testing/testing.py b/python/cudf/cudf/testing/testing.py
index a9c54ddcaa1..a6262e99481 100644
--- a/python/cudf/cudf/testing/testing.py
+++ b/python/cudf/cudf/testing/testing.py
@@ -271,8 +271,12 @@ def assert_column_equal(
                 left = left.astype(left.categories.dtype)
                 right = right.astype(right.categories.dtype)
     if not columns_equal:
-        ldata = str([val for val in left.to_pandas(nullable=True)])
-        rdata = str([val for val in right.to_pandas(nullable=True)])
+        try:
+            ldata = str([val for val in left.to_pandas(nullable=True)])
+            rdata = str([val for val in right.to_pandas(nullable=True)])
+        except NotImplementedError:
+            ldata = str([val for val in left.to_pandas(nullable=False)])
+            rdata = str([val for val in right.to_pandas(nullable=False)])
         try:
             diff = 0
             for i in range(left.size):
diff --git a/python/cudf/cudf/tests/dataframe/test_conversion.py b/python/cudf/cudf/tests/dataframe/test_conversion.py
index 3673ea827f9..2d3014f048b 100644
--- a/python/cudf/cudf/tests/dataframe/test_conversion.py
+++ b/python/cudf/cudf/tests/dataframe/test_conversion.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 # Copyright (c) 2023, NVIDIA CORPORATION.
 import pandas as pd
+import pytest
 
 import cudf
 from cudf.testing._utils import assert_eq
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@ def test_convert_dtypes():
         "category",
         "datetime64[ns]",
     ]
+    nullable_columns = list("abcdef")
     df = pd.DataFrame(
         {
             k: pd.Series(v, dtype=d)
@@ -33,6 +35,10 @@ def test_convert_dtypes():
         }
     )
     gdf = cudf.DataFrame.from_pandas(df)
-    expect = df.convert_dtypes()
-    got = gdf.convert_dtypes().to_pandas(nullable=True)
+    expect = df[nullable_columns].convert_dtypes()
+    got = gdf[nullable_columns].convert_dtypes().to_pandas(nullable=True)
     assert_eq(expect, got)
+
+    with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError):
+        # category and datetime64[ns] are not nullable
+        gdf[nullable_columns].convert_dtypes().to_pandas(nullable=True)
diff --git a/python/cudf/cudf/tests/test_categorical.py b/python/cudf/cudf/tests/test_categorical.py
index afbc0dc6c17..49eeff01bee 100644
--- a/python/cudf/cudf/tests/test_categorical.py
+++ b/python/cudf/cudf/tests/test_categorical.py
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ def test_df_cat_set_index():
     df["b"] = np.arange(len(df))
     got = df.set_index("a")
 
-    pddf = df.to_pandas(nullable_pd_dtype=False)
+    pddf = df.to_pandas()
     expect = pddf.set_index("a")
 
     assert_eq(got, expect)
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ def test_df_cat_sort_index():
     df["b"] = np.arange(len(df))
 
     got = df.set_index("a").sort_index()
-    expect = df.to_pandas(nullable_pd_dtype=False).set_index("a").sort_index()
+    expect = df.to_pandas().set_index("a").sort_index()
 
     assert_eq(got, expect)
 
diff --git a/python/cudf/cudf/tests/test_dataframe.py b/python/cudf/cudf/tests/test_dataframe.py
index 5677f97408a..3ae991fa9aa 100644
--- a/python/cudf/cudf/tests/test_dataframe.py
+++ b/python/cudf/cudf/tests/test_dataframe.py
@@ -2163,9 +2163,9 @@ def test_dataframe_transpose(nulls, num_cols, num_rows, dtype):
     got_property = gdf.T
 
     expect = pdf.transpose()
-
-    assert_eq(expect, got_function.to_pandas(nullable=True))
-    assert_eq(expect, got_property.to_pandas(nullable=True))
+    nullable = dtype not in DATETIME_TYPES
+    assert_eq(expect, got_function.to_pandas(nullable=nullable))
+    assert_eq(expect, got_property.to_pandas(nullable=nullable))
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("num_cols", [1, 2, 10])
diff --git a/python/cudf/cudf/tests/test_parquet.py b/python/cudf/cudf/tests/test_parquet.py
index af4d0294293..cd6c3de61aa 100644
--- a/python/cudf/cudf/tests/test_parquet.py
+++ b/python/cudf/cudf/tests/test_parquet.py
@@ -2593,7 +2593,8 @@ def test_parquet_writer_decimal(decimal_type, data):
     gdf.to_parquet(buff)
 
     got = pd.read_parquet(buff, use_nullable_dtypes=True)
-    assert_eq(gdf.to_pandas(nullable=True), got)
+    assert_eq(gdf["val"].to_pandas(nullable=True), got["val"])
+    assert_eq(gdf["dec_val"].to_pandas(), got["dec_val"])
 
 
 def test_parquet_writer_column_validation():
@@ -2627,6 +2628,11 @@ def test_parquet_writer_nulls_pandas_read(tmpdir, pdf):
 
     got = pd.read_parquet(fname)
     nullable = num_rows > 0
+    if nullable:
+        gdf = gdf.drop(columns="col_datetime64[ms]")
+        gdf = gdf.drop(columns="col_datetime64[us]")
+        got = got.drop(columns="col_datetime64[ms]")
+        got = got.drop(columns="col_datetime64[us]")
     assert_eq(gdf.to_pandas(nullable=nullable), got)
 
 
diff --git a/python/cudf/cudf/tests/test_udf_masked_ops.py b/python/cudf/cudf/tests/test_udf_masked_ops.py
index 85531f8fae8..ad0c961a749 100644
--- a/python/cudf/cudf/tests/test_udf_masked_ops.py
+++ b/python/cudf/cudf/tests/test_udf_masked_ops.py
@@ -64,9 +64,9 @@ def substr(request):
     return request.param
 
 
-def run_masked_udf_test(func, data, args=(), **kwargs):
+def run_masked_udf_test(func, data, args=(), nullable=True, **kwargs):
     gdf = data
-    pdf = data.to_pandas(nullable=True)
+    pdf = data.to_pandas(nullable=nullable)
 
     expect = pdf.apply(func, args=args, axis=1)
     obtain = gdf.apply(func, args=args, axis=1)
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ def func(row):
     )
     gdf["a"] = gdf["a"].astype(dtype_l)
     gdf["b"] = gdf["b"].astype(dtype_r)
-    run_masked_udf_test(func, gdf, check_dtype=False)
+    run_masked_udf_test(func, gdf, nullable=False, check_dtype=False)
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("op", comparison_ops)

From c1fb1010efae85c4309761749aec0a990078c67c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matthew Roeschke <10647082+mroeschke@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 17 Nov 2023 14:34:33 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 4/9] Fix typing

---
 python/cudf/cudf/core/column/column.py    | 1 +
 python/cudf/cudf/core/column/timedelta.py | 5 ++++-
 python/cudf/cudf/core/series.py           | 8 +++++---
 3 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/column.py b/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/column.py
index 3fc0484211e..508e1c0c7bc 100644
--- a/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/column.py
+++ b/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/column.py
@@ -204,6 +204,7 @@ def __repr__(self):
 
     def to_pandas(
         self,
+        *,
         index: Optional[pd.Index] = None,
         nullable: bool = False,
     ) -> pd.Series:
diff --git a/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/timedelta.py b/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/timedelta.py
index ddbc7309133..572b3b894dc 100644
--- a/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/timedelta.py
+++ b/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/timedelta.py
@@ -143,7 +143,9 @@ def to_arrow(self) -> pa.Array:
             null_count=self.null_count,
         )
 
-    def to_pandas(self, *, nullable: bool = False) -> pd.Series:
+    def to_pandas(
+        self, *, index: Optional[pd.Index] = None, nullable: bool = False
+    ) -> pd.Series:
         # `copy=True` workaround until following issue is fixed:
         # https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-9772
 
@@ -157,6 +159,7 @@ def to_pandas(self, *, nullable: bool = False) -> pd.Series:
             self.astype("timedelta64[ns]").to_arrow(),
             copy=True,
             dtype=self.dtype,
+            index=index,
         )
 
     def _binaryop(self, other: ColumnBinaryOperand, op: str) -> ColumnBase:
diff --git a/python/cudf/cudf/core/series.py b/python/cudf/cudf/core/series.py
index 9b5e5f2e01e..96758084894 100644
--- a/python/cudf/cudf/core/series.py
+++ b/python/cudf/cudf/core/series.py
@@ -2126,10 +2126,12 @@ def to_pandas(
         3    30.0
         dtype: float64
         """
-        s = self._column.to_pandas(nullable=nullable)
-        s.name = self.name
         if index is True:
-            s.index = self.index.to_pandas()
+            index = self.index.to_pandas()
+        else:
+            index = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        s = self._column.to_pandas(index=index, nullable=nullable)
+        s.name = self.name
         return s
 
     @property  # type: ignore

From e4707e85bcb05d90adf91583d9a66c620185a6ba Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matthew Roeschke <10647082+mroeschke@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 17 Nov 2023 14:36:26 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 5/9] Make column signatures keyword only

---
 python/cudf/cudf/core/column/categorical.py | 2 +-
 python/cudf/cudf/core/column/datetime.py    | 2 ++
 python/cudf/cudf/core/column/interval.py    | 2 +-
 python/cudf/cudf/core/column/numerical.py   | 1 +
 python/cudf/cudf/core/column/string.py      | 1 +
 python/cudf/cudf/core/column/struct.py      | 2 +-
 6 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/categorical.py b/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/categorical.py
index 6ab079412c0..689cb02ed86 100644
--- a/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/categorical.py
+++ b/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/categorical.py
@@ -974,7 +974,7 @@ def __cuda_array_interface__(self) -> Mapping[str, Any]:
         )
 
     def to_pandas(
-        self, index: Optional[pd.Index] = None, nullable: bool = False
+        self, *, index: Optional[pd.Index] = None, nullable: bool = False
     ) -> pd.Series:
         if nullable:
             raise NotImplementedError(f"{nullable=} is not implemented.")
diff --git a/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/datetime.py b/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/datetime.py
index ff9fe3cc17d..c04501a40bb 100644
--- a/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/datetime.py
+++ b/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/datetime.py
@@ -304,6 +304,7 @@ def day_of_year(self) -> ColumnBase:
 
     def to_pandas(
         self,
+        *,
         index: Optional[pd.Index] = None,
         nullable: bool = False,
     ) -> pd.Series:
@@ -683,6 +684,7 @@ def __init__(
 
     def to_pandas(
         self,
+        *,
         index: Optional[pd.Index] = None,
         nullable: bool = False,
     ) -> pd.Series:
diff --git a/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/interval.py b/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/interval.py
index afae4c8528e..b550e272b2c 100644
--- a/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/interval.py
+++ b/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/interval.py
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ def as_interval_column(self, dtype, **kwargs):
             raise ValueError("dtype must be IntervalDtype")
 
     def to_pandas(
-        self, index: Optional[pd.Index] = None, nullable: bool = False
+        self, *, index: Optional[pd.Index] = None, nullable: bool = False
     ) -> pd.Series:
         # Note: This does not handle null values in the interval column.
         # However, this exact sequence (calling __from_arrow__ on the output of
diff --git a/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/numerical.py b/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/numerical.py
index 151b5d5de8d..cdecf44cc8f 100644
--- a/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/numerical.py
+++ b/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/numerical.py
@@ -679,6 +679,7 @@ def _with_type_metadata(self: ColumnBase, dtype: Dtype) -> ColumnBase:
 
     def to_pandas(
         self,
+        *,
         index: Optional[pd.Index] = None,
         nullable: bool = False,
     ) -> pd.Series:
diff --git a/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/string.py b/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/string.py
index 5820dec72b1..a5e9bbf81f2 100644
--- a/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/string.py
+++ b/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/string.py
@@ -5756,6 +5756,7 @@ def values(self) -> cupy.ndarray:
 
     def to_pandas(
         self,
+        *,
         index: Optional[pd.Index] = None,
         nullable: bool = False,
     ) -> pd.Series:
diff --git a/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/struct.py b/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/struct.py
index 3083d1ac729..35fb18cc5c7 100644
--- a/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/struct.py
+++ b/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/struct.py
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ def to_arrow(self):
         )
 
     def to_pandas(
-        self, index: Optional[pd.Index] = None, nullable: bool = False
+        self, *, index: Optional[pd.Index] = None, nullable: bool = False
     ) -> pd.Series:
         # We cannot go via Arrow's `to_pandas` because of the following issue:
         # https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-12680

From 15acccdd5bd05f69240acb087f8456d0061fbc53 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matthew Roeschke <10647082+mroeschke@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 17 Nov 2023 14:44:18 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 6/9] Fix datetimetz not respecting index

---
 python/cudf/cudf/core/column/datetime.py           |  5 ++++-
 python/cudf/cudf/core/series.py                    |  2 +-
 python/cudf/cudf/tests/series/test_datetimelike.py | 13 +++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 18 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/datetime.py b/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/datetime.py
index c04501a40bb..335fafe499c 100644
--- a/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/datetime.py
+++ b/python/cudf/cudf/core/column/datetime.py
@@ -690,9 +690,12 @@ def to_pandas(
     ) -> pd.Series:
         if nullable:
             raise NotImplementedError(f"{nullable=} is not implemented.")
-        return self._local_time.to_pandas().dt.tz_localize(
+        series = self._local_time.to_pandas().dt.tz_localize(
             self.dtype.tz, ambiguous="NaT", nonexistent="NaT"
         )
+        if index is not None:
+            series.index = index
+        return series
 
     def to_arrow(self):
         return pa.compute.assume_timezone(
diff --git a/python/cudf/cudf/core/series.py b/python/cudf/cudf/core/series.py
index 96758084894..b3782aae24a 100644
--- a/python/cudf/cudf/core/series.py
+++ b/python/cudf/cudf/core/series.py
@@ -2065,7 +2065,7 @@ def any(self, axis=0, bool_only=None, skipna=True, level=None, **kwargs):
 
     @_cudf_nvtx_annotate
     def to_pandas(
-        self, index: bool = True, nullable: bool = False
+        self, *, index: bool = True, nullable: bool = False
     ) -> pd.Series:
         """
         Convert to a Pandas Series.
diff --git a/python/cudf/cudf/tests/series/test_datetimelike.py b/python/cudf/cudf/tests/series/test_datetimelike.py
index 85da985940f..df68eaca399 100644
--- a/python/cudf/cudf/tests/series/test_datetimelike.py
+++ b/python/cudf/cudf/tests/series/test_datetimelike.py
@@ -180,6 +180,19 @@ def test_convert_edge_cases(data, original_timezone, target_timezone):
     assert_eq(expect, got)
 
 
+def test_to_pandas_index_true_timezone():
+    data = [
+        "2008-05-12",
+        "2008-12-12",
+        "2009-05-12",
+    ]
+    dti = cudf.DatetimeIndex(data).tz_localize("UTC")
+    ser = cudf.Series(dti, index=list("abc"))
+    result = ser.to_pandas(index=True)
+    expected = pd.Series(pd.to_datetime(data, utc=True), index=list("abc"))
+    assert_eq(result, expected)
+
+
 def test_tz_aware_attributes_local():
     data = [
         "2008-05-12 13:50:00",

From 88cc13c0fc241fb1adb24c648ee003a37fc1a9ae Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matthew Roeschke <10647082+mroeschke@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 20 Nov 2023 15:07:42 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 7/9] Fix multiindex typo, test cases

---
 python/cudf/cudf/core/multiindex.py              |  4 +++-
 python/cudf/cudf/io/json.py                      | 16 +++++++++++++++-
 .../cudf/cudf/tests/dataframe/test_conversion.py |  4 +++-
 python/cudf/cudf/tests/series/test_conversion.py |  3 ++-
 python/cudf/cudf/tests/test_parquet.py           |  2 +-
 5 files changed, 24 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/python/cudf/cudf/core/multiindex.py b/python/cudf/cudf/core/multiindex.py
index a2a1a9b3d58..820f6e7769c 100644
--- a/python/cudf/cudf/core/multiindex.py
+++ b/python/cudf/cudf/core/multiindex.py
@@ -1593,7 +1593,9 @@ def droplevel(self, level=-1):
 
     @_cudf_nvtx_annotate
     def to_pandas(self, *, nullable: bool = False) -> pd.MultiIndex:
-        result = self.to_frame(index=False).to_pandas(nullable=nullable)
+        result = self.to_frame(
+            index=False, name=list(range(self.nlevels))
+        ).to_pandas(nullable=nullable)
         return pd.MultiIndex.from_frame(result, names=self.names)
 
     @classmethod
diff --git a/python/cudf/cudf/io/json.py b/python/cudf/cudf/io/json.py
index efac24aee17..ae2f0203642 100644
--- a/python/cudf/cudf/io/json.py
+++ b/python/cudf/cudf/io/json.py
@@ -179,6 +179,13 @@ def read_json(
     return df
 
 
+def maybe_return_nullable_pd_obj(cudf_obj):
+    try:
+        return cudf_obj.to_pandas(nullable=True)
+    except NotImplementedError:
+        return cudf_obj.to_pandas(nullable=False)
+
+
 @ioutils.doc_to_json()
 def to_json(
     cudf_val,
@@ -228,7 +235,14 @@ def to_json(
             return path_or_buf.read()
     elif engine == "pandas":
         warnings.warn("Using CPU via Pandas to write JSON dataset")
-        pd_value = cudf_val.to_pandas(nullable=True)
+        if isinstance(cudf_val, cudf.DataFrame):
+            pd_data = {
+                col: maybe_return_nullable_pd_obj(series)
+                for col, series in cudf_val.items()
+            }
+            pd_value = pd.DataFrame(pd_data)
+        else:
+            pd_value = maybe_return_nullable_pd_obj(cudf_val)
         return pd.io.json.to_json(
             path_or_buf,
             pd_value,
diff --git a/python/cudf/cudf/tests/dataframe/test_conversion.py b/python/cudf/cudf/tests/dataframe/test_conversion.py
index 2d3014f048b..fa7e5ec1d4c 100644
--- a/python/cudf/cudf/tests/dataframe/test_conversion.py
+++ b/python/cudf/cudf/tests/dataframe/test_conversion.py
@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@ def test_convert_dtypes():
         "datetime64[ns]",
     ]
     nullable_columns = list("abcdef")
+    non_nullable_columns = list(set(data.keys()).difference(nullable_columns))
+
     df = pd.DataFrame(
         {
             k: pd.Series(v, dtype=d)
@@ -41,4 +43,4 @@ def test_convert_dtypes():
 
     with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError):
         # category and datetime64[ns] are not nullable
-        gdf[nullable_columns].convert_dtypes().to_pandas(nullable=True)
+        gdf[non_nullable_columns].convert_dtypes().to_pandas(nullable=True)
diff --git a/python/cudf/cudf/tests/series/test_conversion.py b/python/cudf/cudf/tests/series/test_conversion.py
index 08124a9a98e..43ac35e41a6 100644
--- a/python/cudf/cudf/tests/series/test_conversion.py
+++ b/python/cudf/cudf/tests/series/test_conversion.py
@@ -26,7 +26,8 @@ def test_convert_dtypes(data, dtype):
 
     # because we don't have distinct nullable types, we check that we
     # get the same result if we convert to nullable pandas types:
-    got = gs.convert_dtypes().to_pandas(nullable=True)
+    nullable = dtype not in ("category", "datetime64[ns]")
+    got = gs.convert_dtypes().to_pandas(nullable=nullable)
     assert_eq(expect, got)
 
 
diff --git a/python/cudf/cudf/tests/test_parquet.py b/python/cudf/cudf/tests/test_parquet.py
index cd6c3de61aa..b3a06dbd742 100644
--- a/python/cudf/cudf/tests/test_parquet.py
+++ b/python/cudf/cudf/tests/test_parquet.py
@@ -2677,7 +2677,7 @@ def test_parquet_reader_one_level_list(datadir):
     fname = datadir / "one_level_list.parquet"
 
     expect = pd.read_parquet(fname)
-    got = cudf.read_parquet(fname).to_pandas(nullable=True)
+    got = cudf.read_parquet(fname)
 
     assert_eq(expect, got)
 

From 8629ab34b0b604bdc3399e919b284b2c716a0100 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matthew Roeschke <10647082+mroeschke@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 21 Nov 2023 12:12:33 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 8/9] test raising behavior instead of silent

---
 python/cudf/cudf/tests/test_list.py | 6 ++----
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/python/cudf/cudf/tests/test_list.py b/python/cudf/cudf/tests/test_list.py
index 8149188ba93..7ae7ae34b97 100644
--- a/python/cudf/cudf/tests/test_list.py
+++ b/python/cudf/cudf/tests/test_list.py
@@ -90,10 +90,8 @@ def test_leaves(data):
 
 def test_list_to_pandas_nullable_true():
     df = cudf.DataFrame({"a": cudf.Series([[1, 2, 3]])})
-    actual = df.to_pandas(nullable=True)
-    expected = pd.DataFrame({"a": pd.Series([[1, 2, 3]])})
-
-    assert_eq(actual, expected)
+    with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError):
+        df.to_pandas(nullable=True)
 
 
 def test_listdtype_hash():

From f0d9466d0c4d054337ff88eb663b241631ef815b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matthew Roeschke <10647082+mroeschke@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 22 Nov 2023 16:39:01 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 9/9] Change nullable_pd_dtype to nullable

---
 python/dask_cudf/dask_cudf/core.py                | 6 ++----
 python/dask_cudf/dask_cudf/tests/test_accessor.py | 4 ++--
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/python/dask_cudf/dask_cudf/core.py b/python/dask_cudf/dask_cudf/core.py
index 17650c9b70d..ecdc566037d 100644
--- a/python/dask_cudf/dask_cudf/core.py
+++ b/python/dask_cudf/dask_cudf/core.py
@@ -56,10 +56,8 @@ def __repr__(self):
     @_dask_cudf_nvtx_annotate
     def to_dask_dataframe(self, **kwargs):
         """Create a dask.dataframe object from a dask_cudf object"""
-        nullable_pd_dtype = kwargs.get("nullable_pd_dtype", False)
-        return self.map_partitions(
-            M.to_pandas, nullable_pd_dtype=nullable_pd_dtype
-        )
+        nullable = kwargs.get("nullable", False)
+        return self.map_partitions(M.to_pandas, nullable=nullable)
 
 
 concat = dd.concat
diff --git a/python/dask_cudf/dask_cudf/tests/test_accessor.py b/python/dask_cudf/dask_cudf/tests/test_accessor.py
index bea0cbb48ae..7ed5d797822 100644
--- a/python/dask_cudf/dask_cudf/tests/test_accessor.py
+++ b/python/dask_cudf/dask_cudf/tests/test_accessor.py
@@ -259,13 +259,13 @@ def test_categorical_categories():
         {"a": ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "e", "a", "d"], "b": range(8)}
     )
     df["a"] = df["a"].astype("category")
-    pdf = df.to_pandas(nullable_pd_dtype=False)
+    pdf = df.to_pandas(nullable=False)
 
     ddf = dgd.from_cudf(df, 2)
     dpdf = dd.from_pandas(pdf, 2)
 
     dd.assert_eq(
-        ddf.a.cat.categories.to_series().to_pandas(nullable_pd_dtype=False),
+        ddf.a.cat.categories.to_series().to_pandas(nullable=False),
         dpdf.a.cat.categories.to_series(),
         check_index=False,
     )