[FEA] Consider supporting extract_datetime_component in libcudf

[brandon-b-miller]

I would like to use this datetime component enum in some kind of function with a signature like the following:

std::unique_ptr<column> extract_datetime_component(column_view const &column, datetime_component component) { }

This would help push a little messy logic in the cudf cython code down into libcudf and hopefully fits the pattern of the rest of libcudf. I am happy to take this on if this seems like an agreeable change 👍

[davidwendt]

This sounds good to me. I would also like to consider removing the individual APIs in favor of this one if that make sense.

[bdice]

Should extract-with-enum accept multiple enum values (in a cudf::host_span), thereby allowing the extraction of multiple components into a cudf::table with a single kernel call?

That might help with some performance concerns we discussed in #16500 (comment).