diff --git a/distutils/_msvccompiler.py b/distutils/_msvccompiler.py
index e7652218..34d9735b 100644
--- a/distutils/_msvccompiler.py
+++ b/distutils/_msvccompiler.py
@@ -1,604 +1,3 @@
-"""distutils._msvccompiler
+from .compilers.C import msvc
 
-Contains MSVCCompiler, an implementation of the abstract CCompiler class
-for Microsoft Visual Studio 2015.
-
-This module requires VS 2015 or later.
-"""
-
-# Written by Perry Stoll
-# hacked by Robin Becker and Thomas Heller to do a better job of
-#   finding DevStudio (through the registry)
-# ported to VS 2005 and VS 2008 by Christian Heimes
-# ported to VS 2015 by Steve Dower
-
-import contextlib
-import os
-import subprocess
-import unittest.mock as mock
-import warnings
-
-with contextlib.suppress(ImportError):
-    import winreg
-
-from itertools import count
-
-from ._log import log
-from .ccompiler import CCompiler, gen_lib_options
-from .errors import (
-    CompileError,
-    DistutilsExecError,
-    DistutilsPlatformError,
-    LibError,
-    LinkError,
-)
-from .util import get_host_platform, get_platform
-
-
-def _find_vc2015():
-    try:
-        key = winreg.OpenKeyEx(
-            winreg.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE,
-            r"Software\Microsoft\VisualStudio\SxS\VC7",
-            access=winreg.KEY_READ | winreg.KEY_WOW64_32KEY,
-        )
-    except OSError:
-        log.debug("Visual C++ is not registered")
-        return None, None
-
-    best_version = 0
-    best_dir = None
-    with key:
-        for i in count():
-            try:
-                v, vc_dir, vt = winreg.EnumValue(key, i)
-            except OSError:
-                break
-            if v and vt == winreg.REG_SZ and os.path.isdir(vc_dir):
-                try:
-                    version = int(float(v))
-                except (ValueError, TypeError):
-                    continue
-                if version >= 14 and version > best_version:
-                    best_version, best_dir = version, vc_dir
-    return best_version, best_dir
-
-
-def _find_vc2017():
-    """Returns "15, path" based on the result of invoking vswhere.exe
-    If no install is found, returns "None, None"
-
-    The version is returned to avoid unnecessarily changing the function
-    result. It may be ignored when the path is not None.
-
-    If vswhere.exe is not available, by definition, VS 2017 is not
-    installed.
-    """
-    root = os.environ.get("ProgramFiles(x86)") or os.environ.get("ProgramFiles")
-    if not root:
-        return None, None
-
-    variant = 'arm64' if get_platform() == 'win-arm64' else 'x86.x64'
-    suitable_components = (
-        f"Microsoft.VisualStudio.Component.VC.Tools.{variant}",
-        "Microsoft.VisualStudio.Workload.WDExpress",
-    )
-
-    for component in suitable_components:
-        # Workaround for `-requiresAny` (only available on VS 2017 > 15.6)
-        with contextlib.suppress(
-            subprocess.CalledProcessError, OSError, UnicodeDecodeError
-        ):
-            path = (
-                subprocess.check_output([
-                    os.path.join(
-                        root, "Microsoft Visual Studio", "Installer", "vswhere.exe"
-                    ),
-                    "-latest",
-                    "-prerelease",
-                    "-requires",
-                    component,
-                    "-property",
-                    "installationPath",
-                    "-products",
-                    "*",
-                ])
-                .decode(encoding="mbcs", errors="strict")
-                .strip()
-            )
-
-            path = os.path.join(path, "VC", "Auxiliary", "Build")
-            if os.path.isdir(path):
-                return 15, path
-
-    return None, None  # no suitable component found
-
-
-PLAT_SPEC_TO_RUNTIME = {
-    'x86': 'x86',
-    'x86_amd64': 'x64',
-    'x86_arm': 'arm',
-    'x86_arm64': 'arm64',
-}
-
-
-def _find_vcvarsall(plat_spec):
-    # bpo-38597: Removed vcruntime return value
-    _, best_dir = _find_vc2017()
-
-    if not best_dir:
-        best_version, best_dir = _find_vc2015()
-
-    if not best_dir:
-        log.debug("No suitable Visual C++ version found")
-        return None, None
-
-    vcvarsall = os.path.join(best_dir, "vcvarsall.bat")
-    if not os.path.isfile(vcvarsall):
-        log.debug("%s cannot be found", vcvarsall)
-        return None, None
-
-    return vcvarsall, None
-
-
-def _get_vc_env(plat_spec):
-    if os.getenv("DISTUTILS_USE_SDK"):
-        return {key.lower(): value for key, value in os.environ.items()}
-
-    vcvarsall, _ = _find_vcvarsall(plat_spec)
-    if not vcvarsall:
-        raise DistutilsPlatformError(
-            'Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0 or greater is required. '
-            'Get it with "Microsoft C++ Build Tools": '
-            'https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/visual-cpp-build-tools/'
-        )
-
-    try:
-        out = subprocess.check_output(
-            f'cmd /u /c "{vcvarsall}" {plat_spec} && set',
-            stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,
-        ).decode('utf-16le', errors='replace')
-    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as exc:
-        log.error(exc.output)
-        raise DistutilsPlatformError(f"Error executing {exc.cmd}")
-
-    env = {
-        key.lower(): value
-        for key, _, value in (line.partition('=') for line in out.splitlines())
-        if key and value
-    }
-
-    return env
-
-
-def _find_exe(exe, paths=None):
-    """Return path to an MSVC executable program.
-
-    Tries to find the program in several places: first, one of the
-    MSVC program search paths from the registry; next, the directories
-    in the PATH environment variable.  If any of those work, return an
-    absolute path that is known to exist.  If none of them work, just
-    return the original program name, 'exe'.
-    """
-    if not paths:
-        paths = os.getenv('path').split(os.pathsep)
-    for p in paths:
-        fn = os.path.join(os.path.abspath(p), exe)
-        if os.path.isfile(fn):
-            return fn
-    return exe
-
-
-_vcvars_names = {
-    'win32': 'x86',
-    'win-amd64': 'amd64',
-    'win-arm32': 'arm',
-    'win-arm64': 'arm64',
-}
-
-
-def _get_vcvars_spec(host_platform, platform):
-    """
-    Given a host platform and platform, determine the spec for vcvarsall.
-
-    Uses the native MSVC host if the host platform would need expensive
-    emulation for x86.
-
-    >>> _get_vcvars_spec('win-arm64', 'win32')
-    'arm64_x86'
-    >>> _get_vcvars_spec('win-arm64', 'win-amd64')
-    'arm64_amd64'
-
-    Otherwise, always cross-compile from x86 to work with the
-    lighter-weight MSVC installs that do not include native 64-bit tools.
-
-    >>> _get_vcvars_spec('win32', 'win32')
-    'x86'
-    >>> _get_vcvars_spec('win-arm32', 'win-arm32')
-    'x86_arm'
-    >>> _get_vcvars_spec('win-amd64', 'win-arm64')
-    'x86_arm64'
-    """
-    if host_platform != 'win-arm64':
-        host_platform = 'win32'
-    vc_hp = _vcvars_names[host_platform]
-    vc_plat = _vcvars_names[platform]
-    return vc_hp if vc_hp == vc_plat else f'{vc_hp}_{vc_plat}'
-
-
-class MSVCCompiler(CCompiler):
-    """Concrete class that implements an interface to Microsoft Visual C++,
-    as defined by the CCompiler abstract class."""
-
-    compiler_type = 'msvc'
-
-    # Just set this so CCompiler's constructor doesn't barf.  We currently
-    # don't use the 'set_executables()' bureaucracy provided by CCompiler,
-    # as it really isn't necessary for this sort of single-compiler class.
-    # Would be nice to have a consistent interface with UnixCCompiler,
-    # though, so it's worth thinking about.
-    executables = {}
-
-    # Private class data (need to distinguish C from C++ source for compiler)
-    _c_extensions = ['.c']
-    _cpp_extensions = ['.cc', '.cpp', '.cxx']
-    _rc_extensions = ['.rc']
-    _mc_extensions = ['.mc']
-
-    # Needed for the filename generation methods provided by the
-    # base class, CCompiler.
-    src_extensions = _c_extensions + _cpp_extensions + _rc_extensions + _mc_extensions
-    res_extension = '.res'
-    obj_extension = '.obj'
-    static_lib_extension = '.lib'
-    shared_lib_extension = '.dll'
-    static_lib_format = shared_lib_format = '%s%s'
-    exe_extension = '.exe'
-
-    def __init__(self, verbose=False, dry_run=False, force=False):
-        super().__init__(verbose, dry_run, force)
-        # target platform (.plat_name is consistent with 'bdist')
-        self.plat_name = None
-        self.initialized = False
-
-    @classmethod
-    def _configure(cls, vc_env):
-        """
-        Set class-level include/lib dirs.
-        """
-        cls.include_dirs = cls._parse_path(vc_env.get('include', ''))
-        cls.library_dirs = cls._parse_path(vc_env.get('lib', ''))
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _parse_path(val):
-        return [dir.rstrip(os.sep) for dir in val.split(os.pathsep) if dir]
-
-    def initialize(self, plat_name=None):
-        # multi-init means we would need to check platform same each time...
-        assert not self.initialized, "don't init multiple times"
-        if plat_name is None:
-            plat_name = get_platform()
-        # sanity check for platforms to prevent obscure errors later.
-        if plat_name not in _vcvars_names:
-            raise DistutilsPlatformError(
-                f"--plat-name must be one of {tuple(_vcvars_names)}"
-            )
-
-        plat_spec = _get_vcvars_spec(get_host_platform(), get_platform())
-
-        vc_env = _get_vc_env(plat_spec)
-        if not vc_env:
-            raise DistutilsPlatformError(
-                "Unable to find a compatible Visual Studio installation."
-            )
-        self._configure(vc_env)
-
-        self._paths = vc_env.get('path', '')
-        paths = self._paths.split(os.pathsep)
-        self.cc = _find_exe("cl.exe", paths)
-        self.linker = _find_exe("link.exe", paths)
-        self.lib = _find_exe("lib.exe", paths)
-        self.rc = _find_exe("rc.exe", paths)  # resource compiler
-        self.mc = _find_exe("mc.exe", paths)  # message compiler
-        self.mt = _find_exe("mt.exe", paths)  # message compiler
-
-        self.preprocess_options = None
-        # bpo-38597: Always compile with dynamic linking
-        # Future releases of Python 3.x will include all past
-        # versions of vcruntime*.dll for compatibility.
-        self.compile_options = ['/nologo', '/O2', '/W3', '/GL', '/DNDEBUG', '/MD']
-
-        self.compile_options_debug = [
-            '/nologo',
-            '/Od',
-            '/MDd',
-            '/Zi',
-            '/W3',
-            '/D_DEBUG',
-        ]
-
-        ldflags = ['/nologo', '/INCREMENTAL:NO', '/LTCG']
-
-        ldflags_debug = ['/nologo', '/INCREMENTAL:NO', '/LTCG', '/DEBUG:FULL']
-
-        self.ldflags_exe = [*ldflags, '/MANIFEST:EMBED,ID=1']
-        self.ldflags_exe_debug = [*ldflags_debug, '/MANIFEST:EMBED,ID=1']
-        self.ldflags_shared = [
-            *ldflags,
-            '/DLL',
-            '/MANIFEST:EMBED,ID=2',
-            '/MANIFESTUAC:NO',
-        ]
-        self.ldflags_shared_debug = [
-            *ldflags_debug,
-            '/DLL',
-            '/MANIFEST:EMBED,ID=2',
-            '/MANIFESTUAC:NO',
-        ]
-        self.ldflags_static = [*ldflags]
-        self.ldflags_static_debug = [*ldflags_debug]
-
-        self._ldflags = {
-            (CCompiler.EXECUTABLE, None): self.ldflags_exe,
-            (CCompiler.EXECUTABLE, False): self.ldflags_exe,
-            (CCompiler.EXECUTABLE, True): self.ldflags_exe_debug,
-            (CCompiler.SHARED_OBJECT, None): self.ldflags_shared,
-            (CCompiler.SHARED_OBJECT, False): self.ldflags_shared,
-            (CCompiler.SHARED_OBJECT, True): self.ldflags_shared_debug,
-            (CCompiler.SHARED_LIBRARY, None): self.ldflags_static,
-            (CCompiler.SHARED_LIBRARY, False): self.ldflags_static,
-            (CCompiler.SHARED_LIBRARY, True): self.ldflags_static_debug,
-        }
-
-        self.initialized = True
-
-    # -- Worker methods ------------------------------------------------
-
-    @property
-    def out_extensions(self):
-        return {
-            **super().out_extensions,
-            **{
-                ext: self.res_extension
-                for ext in self._rc_extensions + self._mc_extensions
-            },
-        }
-
-    def compile(  # noqa: C901
-        self,
-        sources,
-        output_dir=None,
-        macros=None,
-        include_dirs=None,
-        debug=False,
-        extra_preargs=None,
-        extra_postargs=None,
-        depends=None,
-    ):
-        if not self.initialized:
-            self.initialize()
-        compile_info = self._setup_compile(
-            output_dir, macros, include_dirs, sources, depends, extra_postargs
-        )
-        macros, objects, extra_postargs, pp_opts, build = compile_info
-
-        compile_opts = extra_preargs or []
-        compile_opts.append('/c')
-        if debug:
-            compile_opts.extend(self.compile_options_debug)
-        else:
-            compile_opts.extend(self.compile_options)
-
-        add_cpp_opts = False
-
-        for obj in objects:
-            try:
-                src, ext = build[obj]
-            except KeyError:
-                continue
-            if debug:
-                # pass the full pathname to MSVC in debug mode,
-                # this allows the debugger to find the source file
-                # without asking the user to browse for it
-                src = os.path.abspath(src)
-
-            if ext in self._c_extensions:
-                input_opt = "/Tc" + src
-            elif ext in self._cpp_extensions:
-                input_opt = "/Tp" + src
-                add_cpp_opts = True
-            elif ext in self._rc_extensions:
-                # compile .RC to .RES file
-                input_opt = src
-                output_opt = "/fo" + obj
-                try:
-                    self.spawn([self.rc] + pp_opts + [output_opt, input_opt])
-                except DistutilsExecError as msg:
-                    raise CompileError(msg)
-                continue
-            elif ext in self._mc_extensions:
-                # Compile .MC to .RC file to .RES file.
-                #   * '-h dir' specifies the directory for the
-                #     generated include file
-                #   * '-r dir' specifies the target directory of the
-                #     generated RC file and the binary message resource
-                #     it includes
-                #
-                # For now (since there are no options to change this),
-                # we use the source-directory for the include file and
-                # the build directory for the RC file and message
-                # resources. This works at least for win32all.
-                h_dir = os.path.dirname(src)
-                rc_dir = os.path.dirname(obj)
-                try:
-                    # first compile .MC to .RC and .H file
-                    self.spawn([self.mc, '-h', h_dir, '-r', rc_dir, src])
-                    base, _ = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(src))
-                    rc_file = os.path.join(rc_dir, base + '.rc')
-                    # then compile .RC to .RES file
-                    self.spawn([self.rc, "/fo" + obj, rc_file])
-
-                except DistutilsExecError as msg:
-                    raise CompileError(msg)
-                continue
-            else:
-                # how to handle this file?
-                raise CompileError(f"Don't know how to compile {src} to {obj}")
-
-            args = [self.cc] + compile_opts + pp_opts
-            if add_cpp_opts:
-                args.append('/EHsc')
-            args.extend((input_opt, "/Fo" + obj))
-            args.extend(extra_postargs)
-
-            try:
-                self.spawn(args)
-            except DistutilsExecError as msg:
-                raise CompileError(msg)
-
-        return objects
-
-    def create_static_lib(
-        self, objects, output_libname, output_dir=None, debug=False, target_lang=None
-    ):
-        if not self.initialized:
-            self.initialize()
-        objects, output_dir = self._fix_object_args(objects, output_dir)
-        output_filename = self.library_filename(output_libname, output_dir=output_dir)
-
-        if self._need_link(objects, output_filename):
-            lib_args = objects + ['/OUT:' + output_filename]
-            if debug:
-                pass  # XXX what goes here?
-            try:
-                log.debug('Executing "%s" %s', self.lib, ' '.join(lib_args))
-                self.spawn([self.lib] + lib_args)
-            except DistutilsExecError as msg:
-                raise LibError(msg)
-        else:
-            log.debug("skipping %s (up-to-date)", output_filename)
-
-    def link(
-        self,
-        target_desc,
-        objects,
-        output_filename,
-        output_dir=None,
-        libraries=None,
-        library_dirs=None,
-        runtime_library_dirs=None,
-        export_symbols=None,
-        debug=False,
-        extra_preargs=None,
-        extra_postargs=None,
-        build_temp=None,
-        target_lang=None,
-    ):
-        if not self.initialized:
-            self.initialize()
-        objects, output_dir = self._fix_object_args(objects, output_dir)
-        fixed_args = self._fix_lib_args(libraries, library_dirs, runtime_library_dirs)
-        libraries, library_dirs, runtime_library_dirs = fixed_args
-
-        if runtime_library_dirs:
-            self.warn(
-                "I don't know what to do with 'runtime_library_dirs': "
-                + str(runtime_library_dirs)
-            )
-
-        lib_opts = gen_lib_options(self, library_dirs, runtime_library_dirs, libraries)
-        if output_dir is not None:
-            output_filename = os.path.join(output_dir, output_filename)
-
-        if self._need_link(objects, output_filename):
-            ldflags = self._ldflags[target_desc, debug]
-
-            export_opts = ["/EXPORT:" + sym for sym in (export_symbols or [])]
-
-            ld_args = (
-                ldflags + lib_opts + export_opts + objects + ['/OUT:' + output_filename]
-            )
-
-            # The MSVC linker generates .lib and .exp files, which cannot be
-            # suppressed by any linker switches. The .lib files may even be
-            # needed! Make sure they are generated in the temporary build
-            # directory. Since they have different names for debug and release
-            # builds, they can go into the same directory.
-            build_temp = os.path.dirname(objects[0])
-            if export_symbols is not None:
-                (dll_name, dll_ext) = os.path.splitext(
-                    os.path.basename(output_filename)
-                )
-                implib_file = os.path.join(build_temp, self.library_filename(dll_name))
-                ld_args.append('/IMPLIB:' + implib_file)
-
-            if extra_preargs:
-                ld_args[:0] = extra_preargs
-            if extra_postargs:
-                ld_args.extend(extra_postargs)
-
-            output_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(output_filename))
-            self.mkpath(output_dir)
-            try:
-                log.debug('Executing "%s" %s', self.linker, ' '.join(ld_args))
-                self.spawn([self.linker] + ld_args)
-            except DistutilsExecError as msg:
-                raise LinkError(msg)
-        else:
-            log.debug("skipping %s (up-to-date)", output_filename)
-
-    def spawn(self, cmd):
-        env = dict(os.environ, PATH=self._paths)
-        with self._fallback_spawn(cmd, env) as fallback:
-            return super().spawn(cmd, env=env)
-        return fallback.value
-
-    @contextlib.contextmanager
-    def _fallback_spawn(self, cmd, env):
-        """
-        Discovered in pypa/distutils#15, some tools monkeypatch the compiler,
-        so the 'env' kwarg causes a TypeError. Detect this condition and
-        restore the legacy, unsafe behavior.
-        """
-        bag = type('Bag', (), {})()
-        try:
-            yield bag
-        except TypeError as exc:
-            if "unexpected keyword argument 'env'" not in str(exc):
-                raise
-        else:
-            return
-        warnings.warn("Fallback spawn triggered. Please update distutils monkeypatch.")
-        with mock.patch.dict('os.environ', env):
-            bag.value = super().spawn(cmd)
-
-    # -- Miscellaneous methods -----------------------------------------
-    # These are all used by the 'gen_lib_options() function, in
-    # ccompiler.py.
-
-    def library_dir_option(self, dir):
-        return "/LIBPATH:" + dir
-
-    def runtime_library_dir_option(self, dir):
-        raise DistutilsPlatformError(
-            "don't know how to set runtime library search path for MSVC"
-        )
-
-    def library_option(self, lib):
-        return self.library_filename(lib)
-
-    def find_library_file(self, dirs, lib, debug=False):
-        # Prefer a debugging library if found (and requested), but deal
-        # with it if we don't have one.
-        if debug:
-            try_names = [lib + "_d", lib]
-        else:
-            try_names = [lib]
-        for dir in dirs:
-            for name in try_names:
-                libfile = os.path.join(dir, self.library_filename(name))
-                if os.path.isfile(libfile):
-                    return libfile
-        else:
-            # Oops, didn't find it in *any* of 'dirs'
-            return None
+MSVCCompiler = msvc.Compiler
diff --git a/distutils/ccompiler.py b/distutils/ccompiler.py
index 5e73e56d..1f788c50 100644
--- a/distutils/ccompiler.py
+++ b/distutils/ccompiler.py
@@ -1,1256 +1,21 @@
-"""distutils.ccompiler
-
-Contains CCompiler, an abstract base class that defines the interface
-for the Distutils compiler abstraction model."""
-
-import os
-import re
-import sys
-import types
-import warnings
-
-from more_itertools import always_iterable
-
-from ._log import log
-from ._modified import newer_group
-from .dir_util import mkpath
-from .errors import (
+from .compilers.C import base
+from .compilers.C.base import (
     CompileError,
-    DistutilsModuleError,
-    DistutilsPlatformError,
-    LinkError,
-    UnknownFileError,
+    gen_lib_options,
+    gen_preprocess_options,
+    get_default_compiler,
+    new_compiler,
+    show_compilers,
 )
-from .file_util import move_file
-from .spawn import spawn
-from .util import execute, is_mingw, split_quoted
-
-
-class CCompiler:
-    """Abstract base class to define the interface that must be implemented
-    by real compiler classes.  Also has some utility methods used by
-    several compiler classes.
-
-    The basic idea behind a compiler abstraction class is that each
-    instance can be used for all the compile/link steps in building a
-    single project.  Thus, attributes common to all of those compile and
-    link steps -- include directories, macros to define, libraries to link
-    against, etc. -- are attributes of the compiler instance.  To allow for
-    variability in how individual files are treated, most of those
-    attributes may be varied on a per-compilation or per-link basis.
-    """
-
-    # 'compiler_type' is a class attribute that identifies this class.  It
-    # keeps code that wants to know what kind of compiler it's dealing with
-    # from having to import all possible compiler classes just to do an
-    # 'isinstance'.  In concrete CCompiler subclasses, 'compiler_type'
-    # should really, really be one of the keys of the 'compiler_class'
-    # dictionary (see below -- used by the 'new_compiler()' factory
-    # function) -- authors of new compiler interface classes are
-    # responsible for updating 'compiler_class'!
-    compiler_type = None
-
-    # XXX things not handled by this compiler abstraction model:
-    #   * client can't provide additional options for a compiler,
-    #     e.g. warning, optimization, debugging flags.  Perhaps this
-    #     should be the domain of concrete compiler abstraction classes
-    #     (UnixCCompiler, MSVCCompiler, etc.) -- or perhaps the base
-    #     class should have methods for the common ones.
-    #   * can't completely override the include or library searchg
-    #     path, ie. no "cc -I -Idir1 -Idir2" or "cc -L -Ldir1 -Ldir2".
-    #     I'm not sure how widely supported this is even by Unix
-    #     compilers, much less on other platforms.  And I'm even less
-    #     sure how useful it is; maybe for cross-compiling, but
-    #     support for that is a ways off.  (And anyways, cross
-    #     compilers probably have a dedicated binary with the
-    #     right paths compiled in.  I hope.)
-    #   * can't do really freaky things with the library list/library
-    #     dirs, e.g. "-Ldir1 -lfoo -Ldir2 -lfoo" to link against
-    #     different versions of libfoo.a in different locations.  I
-    #     think this is useless without the ability to null out the
-    #     library search path anyways.
-
-    # Subclasses that rely on the standard filename generation methods
-    # implemented below should override these; see the comment near
-    # those methods ('object_filenames()' et. al.) for details:
-    src_extensions = None  # list of strings
-    obj_extension = None  # string
-    static_lib_extension = None
-    shared_lib_extension = None  # string
-    static_lib_format = None  # format string
-    shared_lib_format = None  # prob. same as static_lib_format
-    exe_extension = None  # string
-
-    # Default language settings. language_map is used to detect a source
-    # file or Extension target language, checking source filenames.
-    # language_order is used to detect the language precedence, when deciding
-    # what language to use when mixing source types. For example, if some
-    # extension has two files with ".c" extension, and one with ".cpp", it
-    # is still linked as c++.
-    language_map = {
-        ".c": "c",
-        ".cc": "c++",
-        ".cpp": "c++",
-        ".cxx": "c++",
-        ".m": "objc",
-    }
-    language_order = ["c++", "objc", "c"]
-
-    include_dirs = []
-    """
-    include dirs specific to this compiler class
-    """
-
-    library_dirs = []
-    """
-    library dirs specific to this compiler class
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, verbose=False, dry_run=False, force=False):
-        self.dry_run = dry_run
-        self.force = force
-        self.verbose = verbose
-
-        # 'output_dir': a common output directory for object, library,
-        # shared object, and shared library files
-        self.output_dir = None
-
-        # 'macros': a list of macro definitions (or undefinitions).  A
-        # macro definition is a 2-tuple (name, value), where the value is
-        # either a string or None (no explicit value).  A macro
-        # undefinition is a 1-tuple (name,).
-        self.macros = []
-
-        # 'include_dirs': a list of directories to search for include files
-        self.include_dirs = []
-
-        # 'libraries': a list of libraries to include in any link
-        # (library names, not filenames: eg. "foo" not "libfoo.a")
-        self.libraries = []
-
-        # 'library_dirs': a list of directories to search for libraries
-        self.library_dirs = []
-
-        # 'runtime_library_dirs': a list of directories to search for
-        # shared libraries/objects at runtime
-        self.runtime_library_dirs = []
-
-        # 'objects': a list of object files (or similar, such as explicitly
-        # named library files) to include on any link
-        self.objects = []
-
-        for key in self.executables.keys():
-            self.set_executable(key, self.executables[key])
-
-    def set_executables(self, **kwargs):
-        """Define the executables (and options for them) that will be run
-        to perform the various stages of compilation.  The exact set of
-        executables that may be specified here depends on the compiler
-        class (via the 'executables' class attribute), but most will have:
-          compiler      the C/C++ compiler
-          linker_so     linker used to create shared objects and libraries
-          linker_exe    linker used to create binary executables
-          archiver      static library creator
-
-        On platforms with a command-line (Unix, DOS/Windows), each of these
-        is a string that will be split into executable name and (optional)
-        list of arguments.  (Splitting the string is done similarly to how
-        Unix shells operate: words are delimited by spaces, but quotes and
-        backslashes can override this.  See
-        'distutils.util.split_quoted()'.)
-        """
-
-        # Note that some CCompiler implementation classes will define class
-        # attributes 'cpp', 'cc', etc. with hard-coded executable names;
-        # this is appropriate when a compiler class is for exactly one
-        # compiler/OS combination (eg. MSVCCompiler).  Other compiler
-        # classes (UnixCCompiler, in particular) are driven by information
-        # discovered at run-time, since there are many different ways to do
-        # basically the same things with Unix C compilers.
-
-        for key in kwargs:
-            if key not in self.executables:
-                raise ValueError(
-                    f"unknown executable '{key}' for class {self.__class__.__name__}"
-                )
-            self.set_executable(key, kwargs[key])
-
-    def set_executable(self, key, value):
-        if isinstance(value, str):
-            setattr(self, key, split_quoted(value))
-        else:
-            setattr(self, key, value)
-
-    def _find_macro(self, name):
-        i = 0
-        for defn in self.macros:
-            if defn[0] == name:
-                return i
-            i += 1
-        return None
-
-    def _check_macro_definitions(self, definitions):
-        """Ensure that every element of 'definitions' is valid."""
-        for defn in definitions:
-            self._check_macro_definition(*defn)
-
-    def _check_macro_definition(self, defn):
-        """
-        Raise a TypeError if defn is not valid.
-
-        A valid definition is either a (name, value) 2-tuple or a (name,) tuple.
-        """
-        if not isinstance(defn, tuple) or not self._is_valid_macro(*defn):
-            raise TypeError(
-                f"invalid macro definition '{defn}': "
-                "must be tuple (string,), (string, string), or (string, None)"
-            )
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _is_valid_macro(name, value=None):
-        """
-        A valid macro is a ``name : str`` and a ``value : str | None``.
-        """
-        return isinstance(name, str) and isinstance(value, (str, types.NoneType))
-
-    # -- Bookkeeping methods -------------------------------------------
-
-    def define_macro(self, name, value=None):
-        """Define a preprocessor macro for all compilations driven by this
-        compiler object.  The optional parameter 'value' should be a
-        string; if it is not supplied, then the macro will be defined
-        without an explicit value and the exact outcome depends on the
-        compiler used (XXX true? does ANSI say anything about this?)
-        """
-        # Delete from the list of macro definitions/undefinitions if
-        # already there (so that this one will take precedence).
-        i = self._find_macro(name)
-        if i is not None:
-            del self.macros[i]
-
-        self.macros.append((name, value))
-
-    def undefine_macro(self, name):
-        """Undefine a preprocessor macro for all compilations driven by
-        this compiler object.  If the same macro is defined by
-        'define_macro()' and undefined by 'undefine_macro()' the last call
-        takes precedence (including multiple redefinitions or
-        undefinitions).  If the macro is redefined/undefined on a
-        per-compilation basis (ie. in the call to 'compile()'), then that
-        takes precedence.
-        """
-        # Delete from the list of macro definitions/undefinitions if
-        # already there (so that this one will take precedence).
-        i = self._find_macro(name)
-        if i is not None:
-            del self.macros[i]
-
-        undefn = (name,)
-        self.macros.append(undefn)
-
-    def add_include_dir(self, dir):
-        """Add 'dir' to the list of directories that will be searched for
-        header files.  The compiler is instructed to search directories in
-        the order in which they are supplied by successive calls to
-        'add_include_dir()'.
-        """
-        self.include_dirs.append(dir)
-
-    def set_include_dirs(self, dirs):
-        """Set the list of directories that will be searched to 'dirs' (a
-        list of strings).  Overrides any preceding calls to
-        'add_include_dir()'; subsequence calls to 'add_include_dir()' add
-        to the list passed to 'set_include_dirs()'.  This does not affect
-        any list of standard include directories that the compiler may
-        search by default.
-        """
-        self.include_dirs = dirs[:]
-
-    def add_library(self, libname):
-        """Add 'libname' to the list of libraries that will be included in
-        all links driven by this compiler object.  Note that 'libname'
-        should *not* be the name of a file containing a library, but the
-        name of the library itself: the actual filename will be inferred by
-        the linker, the compiler, or the compiler class (depending on the
-        platform).
-
-        The linker will be instructed to link against libraries in the
-        order they were supplied to 'add_library()' and/or
-        'set_libraries()'.  It is perfectly valid to duplicate library
-        names; the linker will be instructed to link against libraries as
-        many times as they are mentioned.
-        """
-        self.libraries.append(libname)
-
-    def set_libraries(self, libnames):
-        """Set the list of libraries to be included in all links driven by
-        this compiler object to 'libnames' (a list of strings).  This does
-        not affect any standard system libraries that the linker may
-        include by default.
-        """
-        self.libraries = libnames[:]
-
-    def add_library_dir(self, dir):
-        """Add 'dir' to the list of directories that will be searched for
-        libraries specified to 'add_library()' and 'set_libraries()'.  The
-        linker will be instructed to search for libraries in the order they
-        are supplied to 'add_library_dir()' and/or 'set_library_dirs()'.
-        """
-        self.library_dirs.append(dir)
-
-    def set_library_dirs(self, dirs):
-        """Set the list of library search directories to 'dirs' (a list of
-        strings).  This does not affect any standard library search path
-        that the linker may search by default.
-        """
-        self.library_dirs = dirs[:]
-
-    def add_runtime_library_dir(self, dir):
-        """Add 'dir' to the list of directories that will be searched for
-        shared libraries at runtime.
-        """
-        self.runtime_library_dirs.append(dir)
-
-    def set_runtime_library_dirs(self, dirs):
-        """Set the list of directories to search for shared libraries at
-        runtime to 'dirs' (a list of strings).  This does not affect any
-        standard search path that the runtime linker may search by
-        default.
-        """
-        self.runtime_library_dirs = dirs[:]
-
-    def add_link_object(self, object):
-        """Add 'object' to the list of object files (or analogues, such as
-        explicitly named library files or the output of "resource
-        compilers") to be included in every link driven by this compiler
-        object.
-        """
-        self.objects.append(object)
-
-    def set_link_objects(self, objects):
-        """Set the list of object files (or analogues) to be included in
-        every link to 'objects'.  This does not affect any standard object
-        files that the linker may include by default (such as system
-        libraries).
-        """
-        self.objects = objects[:]
-
-    # -- Private utility methods --------------------------------------
-    # (here for the convenience of subclasses)
-
-    # Helper method to prep compiler in subclass compile() methods
-
-    def _setup_compile(self, outdir, macros, incdirs, sources, depends, extra):
-        """Process arguments and decide which source files to compile."""
-        outdir, macros, incdirs = self._fix_compile_args(outdir, macros, incdirs)
-
-        if extra is None:
-            extra = []
-
-        # Get the list of expected output (object) files
-        objects = self.object_filenames(sources, strip_dir=False, output_dir=outdir)
-        assert len(objects) == len(sources)
-
-        pp_opts = gen_preprocess_options(macros, incdirs)
-
-        build = {}
-        for i in range(len(sources)):
-            src = sources[i]
-            obj = objects[i]
-            ext = os.path.splitext(src)[1]
-            self.mkpath(os.path.dirname(obj))
-            build[obj] = (src, ext)
-
-        return macros, objects, extra, pp_opts, build
-
-    def _get_cc_args(self, pp_opts, debug, before):
-        # works for unixccompiler, cygwinccompiler
-        cc_args = pp_opts + ['-c']
-        if debug:
-            cc_args[:0] = ['-g']
-        if before:
-            cc_args[:0] = before
-        return cc_args
-
-    def _fix_compile_args(self, output_dir, macros, include_dirs):
-        """Typecheck and fix-up some of the arguments to the 'compile()'
-        method, and return fixed-up values.  Specifically: if 'output_dir'
-        is None, replaces it with 'self.output_dir'; ensures that 'macros'
-        is a list, and augments it with 'self.macros'; ensures that
-        'include_dirs' is a list, and augments it with 'self.include_dirs'.
-        Guarantees that the returned values are of the correct type,
-        i.e. for 'output_dir' either string or None, and for 'macros' and
-        'include_dirs' either list or None.
-        """
-        if output_dir is None:
-            output_dir = self.output_dir
-        elif not isinstance(output_dir, str):
-            raise TypeError("'output_dir' must be a string or None")
-
-        if macros is None:
-            macros = list(self.macros)
-        elif isinstance(macros, list):
-            macros = macros + (self.macros or [])
-        else:
-            raise TypeError("'macros' (if supplied) must be a list of tuples")
-
-        if include_dirs is None:
-            include_dirs = list(self.include_dirs)
-        elif isinstance(include_dirs, (list, tuple)):
-            include_dirs = list(include_dirs) + (self.include_dirs or [])
-        else:
-            raise TypeError("'include_dirs' (if supplied) must be a list of strings")
-
-        # add include dirs for class
-        include_dirs += self.__class__.include_dirs
-
-        return output_dir, macros, include_dirs
-
-    def _prep_compile(self, sources, output_dir, depends=None):
-        """Decide which source files must be recompiled.
-
-        Determine the list of object files corresponding to 'sources',
-        and figure out which ones really need to be recompiled.
-        Return a list of all object files and a dictionary telling
-        which source files can be skipped.
-        """
-        # Get the list of expected output (object) files
-        objects = self.object_filenames(sources, output_dir=output_dir)
-        assert len(objects) == len(sources)
-
-        # Return an empty dict for the "which source files can be skipped"
-        # return value to preserve API compatibility.
-        return objects, {}
-
-    def _fix_object_args(self, objects, output_dir):
-        """Typecheck and fix up some arguments supplied to various methods.
-        Specifically: ensure that 'objects' is a list; if output_dir is
-        None, replace with self.output_dir.  Return fixed versions of
-        'objects' and 'output_dir'.
-        """
-        if not isinstance(objects, (list, tuple)):
-            raise TypeError("'objects' must be a list or tuple of strings")
-        objects = list(objects)
-
-        if output_dir is None:
-            output_dir = self.output_dir
-        elif not isinstance(output_dir, str):
-            raise TypeError("'output_dir' must be a string or None")
-
-        return (objects, output_dir)
-
-    def _fix_lib_args(self, libraries, library_dirs, runtime_library_dirs):
-        """Typecheck and fix up some of the arguments supplied to the
-        'link_*' methods.  Specifically: ensure that all arguments are
-        lists, and augment them with their permanent versions
-        (eg. 'self.libraries' augments 'libraries').  Return a tuple with
-        fixed versions of all arguments.
-        """
-        if libraries is None:
-            libraries = list(self.libraries)
-        elif isinstance(libraries, (list, tuple)):
-            libraries = list(libraries) + (self.libraries or [])
-        else:
-            raise TypeError("'libraries' (if supplied) must be a list of strings")
-
-        if library_dirs is None:
-            library_dirs = list(self.library_dirs)
-        elif isinstance(library_dirs, (list, tuple)):
-            library_dirs = list(library_dirs) + (self.library_dirs or [])
-        else:
-            raise TypeError("'library_dirs' (if supplied) must be a list of strings")
-
-        # add library dirs for class
-        library_dirs += self.__class__.library_dirs
-
-        if runtime_library_dirs is None:
-            runtime_library_dirs = list(self.runtime_library_dirs)
-        elif isinstance(runtime_library_dirs, (list, tuple)):
-            runtime_library_dirs = list(runtime_library_dirs) + (
-                self.runtime_library_dirs or []
-            )
-        else:
-            raise TypeError(
-                "'runtime_library_dirs' (if supplied) must be a list of strings"
-            )
-
-        return (libraries, library_dirs, runtime_library_dirs)
-
-    def _need_link(self, objects, output_file):
-        """Return true if we need to relink the files listed in 'objects'
-        to recreate 'output_file'.
-        """
-        if self.force:
-            return True
-        else:
-            if self.dry_run:
-                newer = newer_group(objects, output_file, missing='newer')
-            else:
-                newer = newer_group(objects, output_file)
-            return newer
-
-    def detect_language(self, sources):
-        """Detect the language of a given file, or list of files. Uses
-        language_map, and language_order to do the job.
-        """
-        if not isinstance(sources, list):
-            sources = [sources]
-        lang = None
-        index = len(self.language_order)
-        for source in sources:
-            base, ext = os.path.splitext(source)
-            extlang = self.language_map.get(ext)
-            try:
-                extindex = self.language_order.index(extlang)
-                if extindex < index:
-                    lang = extlang
-                    index = extindex
-            except ValueError:
-                pass
-        return lang
-
-    # -- Worker methods ------------------------------------------------
-    # (must be implemented by subclasses)
-
-    def preprocess(
-        self,
-        source,
-        output_file=None,
-        macros=None,
-        include_dirs=None,
-        extra_preargs=None,
-        extra_postargs=None,
-    ):
-        """Preprocess a single C/C++ source file, named in 'source'.
-        Output will be written to file named 'output_file', or stdout if
-        'output_file' not supplied.  'macros' is a list of macro
-        definitions as for 'compile()', which will augment the macros set
-        with 'define_macro()' and 'undefine_macro()'.  'include_dirs' is a
-        list of directory names that will be added to the default list.
-
-        Raises PreprocessError on failure.
-        """
-        pass
-
-    def compile(
-        self,
-        sources,
-        output_dir=None,
-        macros=None,
-        include_dirs=None,
-        debug=False,
-        extra_preargs=None,
-        extra_postargs=None,
-        depends=None,
-    ):
-        """Compile one or more source files.
-
-        'sources' must be a list of filenames, most likely C/C++
-        files, but in reality anything that can be handled by a
-        particular compiler and compiler class (eg. MSVCCompiler can
-        handle resource files in 'sources').  Return a list of object
-        filenames, one per source filename in 'sources'.  Depending on
-        the implementation, not all source files will necessarily be
-        compiled, but all corresponding object filenames will be
-        returned.
-
-        If 'output_dir' is given, object files will be put under it, while
-        retaining their original path component.  That is, "foo/bar.c"
-        normally compiles to "foo/bar.o" (for a Unix implementation); if
-        'output_dir' is "build", then it would compile to
-        "build/foo/bar.o".
-
-        'macros', if given, must be a list of macro definitions.  A macro
-        definition is either a (name, value) 2-tuple or a (name,) 1-tuple.
-        The former defines a macro; if the value is None, the macro is
-        defined without an explicit value.  The 1-tuple case undefines a
-        macro.  Later definitions/redefinitions/ undefinitions take
-        precedence.
-
-        'include_dirs', if given, must be a list of strings, the
-        directories to add to the default include file search path for this
-        compilation only.
-
-        'debug' is a boolean; if true, the compiler will be instructed to
-        output debug symbols in (or alongside) the object file(s).
-
-        'extra_preargs' and 'extra_postargs' are implementation- dependent.
-        On platforms that have the notion of a command-line (e.g. Unix,
-        DOS/Windows), they are most likely lists of strings: extra
-        command-line arguments to prepend/append to the compiler command
-        line.  On other platforms, consult the implementation class
-        documentation.  In any event, they are intended as an escape hatch
-        for those occasions when the abstract compiler framework doesn't
-        cut the mustard.
-
-        'depends', if given, is a list of filenames that all targets
-        depend on.  If a source file is older than any file in
-        depends, then the source file will be recompiled.  This
-        supports dependency tracking, but only at a coarse
-        granularity.
-
-        Raises CompileError on failure.
-        """
-        # A concrete compiler class can either override this method
-        # entirely or implement _compile().
-        macros, objects, extra_postargs, pp_opts, build = self._setup_compile(
-            output_dir, macros, include_dirs, sources, depends, extra_postargs
-        )
-        cc_args = self._get_cc_args(pp_opts, debug, extra_preargs)
-
-        for obj in objects:
-            try:
-                src, ext = build[obj]
-            except KeyError:
-                continue
-            self._compile(obj, src, ext, cc_args, extra_postargs, pp_opts)
-
-        # Return *all* object filenames, not just the ones we just built.
-        return objects
-
-    def _compile(self, obj, src, ext, cc_args, extra_postargs, pp_opts):
-        """Compile 'src' to product 'obj'."""
-        # A concrete compiler class that does not override compile()
-        # should implement _compile().
-        pass
-
-    def create_static_lib(
-        self, objects, output_libname, output_dir=None, debug=False, target_lang=None
-    ):
-        """Link a bunch of stuff together to create a static library file.
-        The "bunch of stuff" consists of the list of object files supplied
-        as 'objects', the extra object files supplied to
-        'add_link_object()' and/or 'set_link_objects()', the libraries
-        supplied to 'add_library()' and/or 'set_libraries()', and the
-        libraries supplied as 'libraries' (if any).
-
-        'output_libname' should be a library name, not a filename; the
-        filename will be inferred from the library name.  'output_dir' is
-        the directory where the library file will be put.
-
-        'debug' is a boolean; if true, debugging information will be
-        included in the library (note that on most platforms, it is the
-        compile step where this matters: the 'debug' flag is included here
-        just for consistency).
-
-        'target_lang' is the target language for which the given objects
-        are being compiled. This allows specific linkage time treatment of
-        certain languages.
-
-        Raises LibError on failure.
-        """
-        pass
-
-    # values for target_desc parameter in link()
-    SHARED_OBJECT = "shared_object"
-    SHARED_LIBRARY = "shared_library"
-    EXECUTABLE = "executable"
-
-    def link(
-        self,
-        target_desc,
-        objects,
-        output_filename,
-        output_dir=None,
-        libraries=None,
-        library_dirs=None,
-        runtime_library_dirs=None,
-        export_symbols=None,
-        debug=False,
-        extra_preargs=None,
-        extra_postargs=None,
-        build_temp=None,
-        target_lang=None,
-    ):
-        """Link a bunch of stuff together to create an executable or
-        shared library file.
-
-        The "bunch of stuff" consists of the list of object files supplied
-        as 'objects'.  'output_filename' should be a filename.  If
-        'output_dir' is supplied, 'output_filename' is relative to it
-        (i.e. 'output_filename' can provide directory components if
-        needed).
-
-        'libraries' is a list of libraries to link against.  These are
-        library names, not filenames, since they're translated into
-        filenames in a platform-specific way (eg. "foo" becomes "libfoo.a"
-        on Unix and "foo.lib" on DOS/Windows).  However, they can include a
-        directory component, which means the linker will look in that
-        specific directory rather than searching all the normal locations.
-
-        'library_dirs', if supplied, should be a list of directories to
-        search for libraries that were specified as bare library names
-        (ie. no directory component).  These are on top of the system
-        default and those supplied to 'add_library_dir()' and/or
-        'set_library_dirs()'.  'runtime_library_dirs' is a list of
-        directories that will be embedded into the shared library and used
-        to search for other shared libraries that *it* depends on at
-        run-time.  (This may only be relevant on Unix.)
-
-        'export_symbols' is a list of symbols that the shared library will
-        export.  (This appears to be relevant only on Windows.)
-
-        'debug' is as for 'compile()' and 'create_static_lib()', with the
-        slight distinction that it actually matters on most platforms (as
-        opposed to 'create_static_lib()', which includes a 'debug' flag
-        mostly for form's sake).
-
-        'extra_preargs' and 'extra_postargs' are as for 'compile()' (except
-        of course that they supply command-line arguments for the
-        particular linker being used).
-
-        'target_lang' is the target language for which the given objects
-        are being compiled. This allows specific linkage time treatment of
-        certain languages.
-
-        Raises LinkError on failure.
-        """
-        raise NotImplementedError
-
-    # Old 'link_*()' methods, rewritten to use the new 'link()' method.
-
-    def link_shared_lib(
-        self,
-        objects,
-        output_libname,
-        output_dir=None,
-        libraries=None,
-        library_dirs=None,
-        runtime_library_dirs=None,
-        export_symbols=None,
-        debug=False,
-        extra_preargs=None,
-        extra_postargs=None,
-        build_temp=None,
-        target_lang=None,
-    ):
-        self.link(
-            CCompiler.SHARED_LIBRARY,
-            objects,
-            self.library_filename(output_libname, lib_type='shared'),
-            output_dir,
-            libraries,
-            library_dirs,
-            runtime_library_dirs,
-            export_symbols,
-            debug,
-            extra_preargs,
-            extra_postargs,
-            build_temp,
-            target_lang,
-        )
-
-    def link_shared_object(
-        self,
-        objects,
-        output_filename,
-        output_dir=None,
-        libraries=None,
-        library_dirs=None,
-        runtime_library_dirs=None,
-        export_symbols=None,
-        debug=False,
-        extra_preargs=None,
-        extra_postargs=None,
-        build_temp=None,
-        target_lang=None,
-    ):
-        self.link(
-            CCompiler.SHARED_OBJECT,
-            objects,
-            output_filename,
-            output_dir,
-            libraries,
-            library_dirs,
-            runtime_library_dirs,
-            export_symbols,
-            debug,
-            extra_preargs,
-            extra_postargs,
-            build_temp,
-            target_lang,
-        )
-
-    def link_executable(
-        self,
-        objects,
-        output_progname,
-        output_dir=None,
-        libraries=None,
-        library_dirs=None,
-        runtime_library_dirs=None,
-        debug=False,
-        extra_preargs=None,
-        extra_postargs=None,
-        target_lang=None,
-    ):
-        self.link(
-            CCompiler.EXECUTABLE,
-            objects,
-            self.executable_filename(output_progname),
-            output_dir,
-            libraries,
-            library_dirs,
-            runtime_library_dirs,
-            None,
-            debug,
-            extra_preargs,
-            extra_postargs,
-            None,
-            target_lang,
-        )
-
-    # -- Miscellaneous methods -----------------------------------------
-    # These are all used by the 'gen_lib_options() function; there is
-    # no appropriate default implementation so subclasses should
-    # implement all of these.
-
-    def library_dir_option(self, dir):
-        """Return the compiler option to add 'dir' to the list of
-        directories searched for libraries.
-        """
-        raise NotImplementedError
-
-    def runtime_library_dir_option(self, dir):
-        """Return the compiler option to add 'dir' to the list of
-        directories searched for runtime libraries.
-        """
-        raise NotImplementedError
-
-    def library_option(self, lib):
-        """Return the compiler option to add 'lib' to the list of libraries
-        linked into the shared library or executable.
-        """
-        raise NotImplementedError
-
-    def has_function(  # noqa: C901
-        self,
-        funcname,
-        includes=None,
-        include_dirs=None,
-        libraries=None,
-        library_dirs=None,
-    ):
-        """Return a boolean indicating whether funcname is provided as
-        a symbol on the current platform.  The optional arguments can
-        be used to augment the compilation environment.
-
-        The libraries argument is a list of flags to be passed to the
-        linker to make additional symbol definitions available for
-        linking.
-
-        The includes and include_dirs arguments are deprecated.
-        Usually, supplying include files with function declarations
-        will cause function detection to fail even in cases where the
-        symbol is available for linking.
-
-        """
-        # this can't be included at module scope because it tries to
-        # import math which might not be available at that point - maybe
-        # the necessary logic should just be inlined?
-        import tempfile
-
-        if includes is None:
-            includes = []
-        else:
-            warnings.warn("includes is deprecated", DeprecationWarning)
-        if include_dirs is None:
-            include_dirs = []
-        else:
-            warnings.warn("include_dirs is deprecated", DeprecationWarning)
-        if libraries is None:
-            libraries = []
-        if library_dirs is None:
-            library_dirs = []
-        fd, fname = tempfile.mkstemp(".c", funcname, text=True)
-        with os.fdopen(fd, "w", encoding='utf-8') as f:
-            for incl in includes:
-                f.write(f"""#include "{incl}"\n""")
-            if not includes:
-                # Use "char func(void);" as the prototype to follow
-                # what autoconf does.  This prototype does not match
-                # any well-known function the compiler might recognize
-                # as a builtin, so this ends up as a true link test.
-                # Without a fake prototype, the test would need to
-                # know the exact argument types, and the has_function
-                # interface does not provide that level of information.
-                f.write(
-                    f"""\
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-extern "C"
-#endif
-char {funcname}(void);
-"""
-                )
-            f.write(
-                f"""\
-int main (int argc, char **argv) {{
-    {funcname}();
-    return 0;
-}}
-"""
-            )
-
-        try:
-            objects = self.compile([fname], include_dirs=include_dirs)
-        except CompileError:
-            return False
-        finally:
-            os.remove(fname)
-
-        try:
-            self.link_executable(
-                objects, "a.out", libraries=libraries, library_dirs=library_dirs
-            )
-        except (LinkError, TypeError):
-            return False
-        else:
-            os.remove(
-                self.executable_filename("a.out", output_dir=self.output_dir or '')
-            )
-        finally:
-            for fn in objects:
-                os.remove(fn)
-        return True
-
-    def find_library_file(self, dirs, lib, debug=False):
-        """Search the specified list of directories for a static or shared
-        library file 'lib' and return the full path to that file.  If
-        'debug' true, look for a debugging version (if that makes sense on
-        the current platform).  Return None if 'lib' wasn't found in any of
-        the specified directories.
-        """
-        raise NotImplementedError
-
-    # -- Filename generation methods -----------------------------------
-
-    # The default implementation of the filename generating methods are
-    # prejudiced towards the Unix/DOS/Windows view of the world:
-    #   * object files are named by replacing the source file extension
-    #     (eg. .c/.cpp -> .o/.obj)
-    #   * library files (shared or static) are named by plugging the
-    #     library name and extension into a format string, eg.
-    #     "lib%s.%s" % (lib_name, ".a") for Unix static libraries
-    #   * executables are named by appending an extension (possibly
-    #     empty) to the program name: eg. progname + ".exe" for
-    #     Windows
-    #
-    # To reduce redundant code, these methods expect to find
-    # several attributes in the current object (presumably defined
-    # as class attributes):
-    #   * src_extensions -
-    #     list of C/C++ source file extensions, eg. ['.c', '.cpp']
-    #   * obj_extension -
-    #     object file extension, eg. '.o' or '.obj'
-    #   * static_lib_extension -
-    #     extension for static library files, eg. '.a' or '.lib'
-    #   * shared_lib_extension -
-    #     extension for shared library/object files, eg. '.so', '.dll'
-    #   * static_lib_format -
-    #     format string for generating static library filenames,
-    #     eg. 'lib%s.%s' or '%s.%s'
-    #   * shared_lib_format
-    #     format string for generating shared library filenames
-    #     (probably same as static_lib_format, since the extension
-    #     is one of the intended parameters to the format string)
-    #   * exe_extension -
-    #     extension for executable files, eg. '' or '.exe'
-
-    def object_filenames(self, source_filenames, strip_dir=False, output_dir=''):
-        if output_dir is None:
-            output_dir = ''
-        return list(
-            self._make_out_path(output_dir, strip_dir, src_name)
-            for src_name in source_filenames
-        )
-
-    @property
-    def out_extensions(self):
-        return dict.fromkeys(self.src_extensions, self.obj_extension)
-
-    def _make_out_path(self, output_dir, strip_dir, src_name):
-        base, ext = os.path.splitext(src_name)
-        base = self._make_relative(base)
-        try:
-            new_ext = self.out_extensions[ext]
-        except LookupError:
-            raise UnknownFileError(f"unknown file type '{ext}' (from '{src_name}')")
-        if strip_dir:
-            base = os.path.basename(base)
-        return os.path.join(output_dir, base + new_ext)
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _make_relative(base):
-        """
-        In order to ensure that a filename always honors the
-        indicated output_dir, make sure it's relative.
-        Ref python/cpython#37775.
-        """
-        # Chop off the drive
-        no_drive = os.path.splitdrive(base)[1]
-        # If abs, chop off leading /
-        return no_drive[os.path.isabs(no_drive) :]
-
-    def shared_object_filename(self, basename, strip_dir=False, output_dir=''):
-        assert output_dir is not None
-        if strip_dir:
-            basename = os.path.basename(basename)
-        return os.path.join(output_dir, basename + self.shared_lib_extension)
-
-    def executable_filename(self, basename, strip_dir=False, output_dir=''):
-        assert output_dir is not None
-        if strip_dir:
-            basename = os.path.basename(basename)
-        return os.path.join(output_dir, basename + (self.exe_extension or ''))
-
-    def library_filename(
-        self,
-        libname,
-        lib_type='static',
-        strip_dir=False,
-        output_dir='',  # or 'shared'
-    ):
-        assert output_dir is not None
-        expected = '"static", "shared", "dylib", "xcode_stub"'
-        if lib_type not in eval(expected):
-            raise ValueError(f"'lib_type' must be {expected}")
-        fmt = getattr(self, lib_type + "_lib_format")
-        ext = getattr(self, lib_type + "_lib_extension")
-
-        dir, base = os.path.split(libname)
-        filename = fmt % (base, ext)
-        if strip_dir:
-            dir = ''
-
-        return os.path.join(output_dir, dir, filename)
-
-    # -- Utility methods -----------------------------------------------
-
-    def announce(self, msg, level=1):
-        log.debug(msg)
-
-    def debug_print(self, msg):
-        from distutils.debug import DEBUG
-
-        if DEBUG:
-            print(msg)
-
-    def warn(self, msg):
-        sys.stderr.write(f"warning: {msg}\n")
-
-    def execute(self, func, args, msg=None, level=1):
-        execute(func, args, msg, self.dry_run)
-
-    def spawn(self, cmd, **kwargs):
-        spawn(cmd, dry_run=self.dry_run, **kwargs)
-
-    def move_file(self, src, dst):
-        return move_file(src, dst, dry_run=self.dry_run)
-
-    def mkpath(self, name, mode=0o777):
-        mkpath(name, mode, dry_run=self.dry_run)
-
-
-# Map a sys.platform/os.name ('posix', 'nt') to the default compiler
-# type for that platform. Keys are interpreted as re match
-# patterns. Order is important; platform mappings are preferred over
-# OS names.
-_default_compilers = (
-    # Platform string mappings
-    # on a cygwin built python we can use gcc like an ordinary UNIXish
-    # compiler
-    ('cygwin.*', 'unix'),
-    ('zos', 'zos'),
-    # OS name mappings
-    ('posix', 'unix'),
-    ('nt', 'msvc'),
-)
-
-
-def get_default_compiler(osname=None, platform=None):
-    """Determine the default compiler to use for the given platform.
-
-    osname should be one of the standard Python OS names (i.e. the
-    ones returned by os.name) and platform the common value
-    returned by sys.platform for the platform in question.
-
-    The default values are os.name and sys.platform in case the
-    parameters are not given.
-    """
-    if osname is None:
-        osname = os.name
-    if platform is None:
-        platform = sys.platform
-    # Mingw is a special case where sys.platform is 'win32' but we
-    # want to use the 'mingw32' compiler, so check it first
-    if is_mingw():
-        return 'mingw32'
-    for pattern, compiler in _default_compilers:
-        if (
-            re.match(pattern, platform) is not None
-            or re.match(pattern, osname) is not None
-        ):
-            return compiler
-    # Default to Unix compiler
-    return 'unix'
-
-
-# Map compiler types to (module_name, class_name) pairs -- ie. where to
-# find the code that implements an interface to this compiler.  (The module
-# is assumed to be in the 'distutils' package.)
-compiler_class = {
-    'unix': ('unixccompiler', 'UnixCCompiler', "standard UNIX-style compiler"),
-    'msvc': ('_msvccompiler', 'MSVCCompiler', "Microsoft Visual C++"),
-    'cygwin': (
-        'cygwinccompiler',
-        'CygwinCCompiler',
-        "Cygwin port of GNU C Compiler for Win32",
-    ),
-    'mingw32': (
-        'cygwinccompiler',
-        'Mingw32CCompiler',
-        "Mingw32 port of GNU C Compiler for Win32",
-    ),
-    'bcpp': ('bcppcompiler', 'BCPPCompiler', "Borland C++ Compiler"),
-    'zos': ('zosccompiler', 'zOSCCompiler', 'IBM XL C/C++ Compilers'),
-}
-
-
-def show_compilers():
-    """Print list of available compilers (used by the "--help-compiler"
-    options to "build", "build_ext", "build_clib").
-    """
-    # XXX this "knows" that the compiler option it's describing is
-    # "--compiler", which just happens to be the case for the three
-    # commands that use it.
-    from distutils.fancy_getopt import FancyGetopt
-
-    compilers = sorted(
-        ("compiler=" + compiler, None, compiler_class[compiler][2])
-        for compiler in compiler_class.keys()
-    )
-    pretty_printer = FancyGetopt(compilers)
-    pretty_printer.print_help("List of available compilers:")
-
-
-def new_compiler(plat=None, compiler=None, verbose=False, dry_run=False, force=False):
-    """Generate an instance of some CCompiler subclass for the supplied
-    platform/compiler combination.  'plat' defaults to 'os.name'
-    (eg. 'posix', 'nt'), and 'compiler' defaults to the default compiler
-    for that platform.  Currently only 'posix' and 'nt' are supported, and
-    the default compilers are "traditional Unix interface" (UnixCCompiler
-    class) and Visual C++ (MSVCCompiler class).  Note that it's perfectly
-    possible to ask for a Unix compiler object under Windows, and a
-    Microsoft compiler object under Unix -- if you supply a value for
-    'compiler', 'plat' is ignored.
-    """
-    if plat is None:
-        plat = os.name
-
-    try:
-        if compiler is None:
-            compiler = get_default_compiler(plat)
-
-        (module_name, class_name, long_description) = compiler_class[compiler]
-    except KeyError:
-        msg = f"don't know how to compile C/C++ code on platform '{plat}'"
-        if compiler is not None:
-            msg = msg + f" with '{compiler}' compiler"
-        raise DistutilsPlatformError(msg)
-
-    try:
-        module_name = "distutils." + module_name
-        __import__(module_name)
-        module = sys.modules[module_name]
-        klass = vars(module)[class_name]
-    except ImportError:
-        raise DistutilsModuleError(
-            f"can't compile C/C++ code: unable to load module '{module_name}'"
-        )
-    except KeyError:
-        raise DistutilsModuleError(
-            f"can't compile C/C++ code: unable to find class '{class_name}' "
-            f"in module '{module_name}'"
-        )
-
-    # XXX The None is necessary to preserve backwards compatibility
-    # with classes that expect verbose to be the first positional
-    # argument.
-    return klass(None, dry_run, force)
-
-
-def gen_preprocess_options(macros, include_dirs):
-    """Generate C pre-processor options (-D, -U, -I) as used by at least
-    two types of compilers: the typical Unix compiler and Visual C++.
-    'macros' is the usual thing, a list of 1- or 2-tuples, where (name,)
-    means undefine (-U) macro 'name', and (name,value) means define (-D)
-    macro 'name' to 'value'.  'include_dirs' is just a list of directory
-    names to be added to the header file search path (-I).  Returns a list
-    of command-line options suitable for either Unix compilers or Visual
-    C++.
-    """
-    # XXX it would be nice (mainly aesthetic, and so we don't generate
-    # stupid-looking command lines) to go over 'macros' and eliminate
-    # redundant definitions/undefinitions (ie. ensure that only the
-    # latest mention of a particular macro winds up on the command
-    # line).  I don't think it's essential, though, since most (all?)
-    # Unix C compilers only pay attention to the latest -D or -U
-    # mention of a macro on their command line.  Similar situation for
-    # 'include_dirs'.  I'm punting on both for now.  Anyways, weeding out
-    # redundancies like this should probably be the province of
-    # CCompiler, since the data structures used are inherited from it
-    # and therefore common to all CCompiler classes.
-    pp_opts = []
-    for macro in macros:
-        if not (isinstance(macro, tuple) and 1 <= len(macro) <= 2):
-            raise TypeError(
-                f"bad macro definition '{macro}': "
-                "each element of 'macros' list must be a 1- or 2-tuple"
-            )
-
-        if len(macro) == 1:  # undefine this macro
-            pp_opts.append(f"-U{macro[0]}")
-        elif len(macro) == 2:
-            if macro[1] is None:  # define with no explicit value
-                pp_opts.append(f"-D{macro[0]}")
-            else:
-                # XXX *don't* need to be clever about quoting the
-                # macro value here, because we're going to avoid the
-                # shell at all costs when we spawn the command!
-                pp_opts.append("-D{}={}".format(*macro))
-
-    pp_opts.extend(f"-I{dir}" for dir in include_dirs)
-    return pp_opts
-
-
-def gen_lib_options(compiler, library_dirs, runtime_library_dirs, libraries):
-    """Generate linker options for searching library directories and
-    linking with specific libraries.  'libraries' and 'library_dirs' are,
-    respectively, lists of library names (not filenames!) and search
-    directories.  Returns a list of command-line options suitable for use
-    with some compiler (depending on the two format strings passed in).
-    """
-    lib_opts = [compiler.library_dir_option(dir) for dir in library_dirs]
 
-    for dir in runtime_library_dirs:
-        lib_opts.extend(always_iterable(compiler.runtime_library_dir_option(dir)))
+__all__ = [
+    'CompileError',
+    'gen_lib_options',
+    'gen_preprocess_options',
+    'get_default_compiler',
+    'new_compiler',
+    'show_compilers',
+]
 
-    # XXX it's important that we *not* remove redundant library mentions!
-    # sometimes you really do have to say "-lfoo -lbar -lfoo" in order to
-    # resolve all symbols.  I just hope we never have to say "-lfoo obj.o
-    # -lbar" to get things to work -- that's certainly a possibility, but a
-    # pretty nasty way to arrange your C code.
 
-    for lib in libraries:
-        (lib_dir, lib_name) = os.path.split(lib)
-        if lib_dir:
-            lib_file = compiler.find_library_file([lib_dir], lib_name)
-            if lib_file:
-                lib_opts.append(lib_file)
-            else:
-                compiler.warn(
-                    f"no library file corresponding to '{lib}' found (skipping)"
-                )
-        else:
-            lib_opts.append(compiler.library_option(lib))
-    return lib_opts
+CCompiler = base.Compiler
diff --git a/distutils/compilers/C/base.py b/distutils/compilers/C/base.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8bbe3248
--- /dev/null
+++ b/distutils/compilers/C/base.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1258 @@
+"""distutils.ccompiler
+
+Contains Compiler, an abstract base class that defines the interface
+for the Distutils compiler abstraction model."""
+
+import os
+import re
+import sys
+import types
+import warnings
+
+from more_itertools import always_iterable
+
+from ..._log import log
+from ..._modified import newer_group
+from ...dir_util import mkpath
+from ...errors import (
+    DistutilsModuleError,
+    DistutilsPlatformError,
+)
+from ...file_util import move_file
+from ...spawn import spawn
+from ...util import execute, is_mingw, split_quoted
+from .errors import (
+    CompileError,
+    LinkError,
+    UnknownFileType,
+)
+
+
+class Compiler:
+    """Abstract base class to define the interface that must be implemented
+    by real compiler classes.  Also has some utility methods used by
+    several compiler classes.
+
+    The basic idea behind a compiler abstraction class is that each
+    instance can be used for all the compile/link steps in building a
+    single project.  Thus, attributes common to all of those compile and
+    link steps -- include directories, macros to define, libraries to link
+    against, etc. -- are attributes of the compiler instance.  To allow for
+    variability in how individual files are treated, most of those
+    attributes may be varied on a per-compilation or per-link basis.
+    """
+
+    # 'compiler_type' is a class attribute that identifies this class.  It
+    # keeps code that wants to know what kind of compiler it's dealing with
+    # from having to import all possible compiler classes just to do an
+    # 'isinstance'.  In concrete CCompiler subclasses, 'compiler_type'
+    # should really, really be one of the keys of the 'compiler_class'
+    # dictionary (see below -- used by the 'new_compiler()' factory
+    # function) -- authors of new compiler interface classes are
+    # responsible for updating 'compiler_class'!
+    compiler_type = None
+
+    # XXX things not handled by this compiler abstraction model:
+    #   * client can't provide additional options for a compiler,
+    #     e.g. warning, optimization, debugging flags.  Perhaps this
+    #     should be the domain of concrete compiler abstraction classes
+    #     (UnixCCompiler, MSVCCompiler, etc.) -- or perhaps the base
+    #     class should have methods for the common ones.
+    #   * can't completely override the include or library searchg
+    #     path, ie. no "cc -I -Idir1 -Idir2" or "cc -L -Ldir1 -Ldir2".
+    #     I'm not sure how widely supported this is even by Unix
+    #     compilers, much less on other platforms.  And I'm even less
+    #     sure how useful it is; maybe for cross-compiling, but
+    #     support for that is a ways off.  (And anyways, cross
+    #     compilers probably have a dedicated binary with the
+    #     right paths compiled in.  I hope.)
+    #   * can't do really freaky things with the library list/library
+    #     dirs, e.g. "-Ldir1 -lfoo -Ldir2 -lfoo" to link against
+    #     different versions of libfoo.a in different locations.  I
+    #     think this is useless without the ability to null out the
+    #     library search path anyways.
+
+    # Subclasses that rely on the standard filename generation methods
+    # implemented below should override these; see the comment near
+    # those methods ('object_filenames()' et. al.) for details:
+    src_extensions = None  # list of strings
+    obj_extension = None  # string
+    static_lib_extension = None
+    shared_lib_extension = None  # string
+    static_lib_format = None  # format string
+    shared_lib_format = None  # prob. same as static_lib_format
+    exe_extension = None  # string
+
+    # Default language settings. language_map is used to detect a source
+    # file or Extension target language, checking source filenames.
+    # language_order is used to detect the language precedence, when deciding
+    # what language to use when mixing source types. For example, if some
+    # extension has two files with ".c" extension, and one with ".cpp", it
+    # is still linked as c++.
+    language_map = {
+        ".c": "c",
+        ".cc": "c++",
+        ".cpp": "c++",
+        ".cxx": "c++",
+        ".m": "objc",
+    }
+    language_order = ["c++", "objc", "c"]
+
+    include_dirs = []
+    """
+    include dirs specific to this compiler class
+    """
+
+    library_dirs = []
+    """
+    library dirs specific to this compiler class
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, verbose=False, dry_run=False, force=False):
+        self.dry_run = dry_run
+        self.force = force
+        self.verbose = verbose
+
+        # 'output_dir': a common output directory for object, library,
+        # shared object, and shared library files
+        self.output_dir = None
+
+        # 'macros': a list of macro definitions (or undefinitions).  A
+        # macro definition is a 2-tuple (name, value), where the value is
+        # either a string or None (no explicit value).  A macro
+        # undefinition is a 1-tuple (name,).
+        self.macros = []
+
+        # 'include_dirs': a list of directories to search for include files
+        self.include_dirs = []
+
+        # 'libraries': a list of libraries to include in any link
+        # (library names, not filenames: eg. "foo" not "libfoo.a")
+        self.libraries = []
+
+        # 'library_dirs': a list of directories to search for libraries
+        self.library_dirs = []
+
+        # 'runtime_library_dirs': a list of directories to search for
+        # shared libraries/objects at runtime
+        self.runtime_library_dirs = []
+
+        # 'objects': a list of object files (or similar, such as explicitly
+        # named library files) to include on any link
+        self.objects = []
+
+        for key in self.executables.keys():
+            self.set_executable(key, self.executables[key])
+
+    def set_executables(self, **kwargs):
+        """Define the executables (and options for them) that will be run
+        to perform the various stages of compilation.  The exact set of
+        executables that may be specified here depends on the compiler
+        class (via the 'executables' class attribute), but most will have:
+          compiler      the C/C++ compiler
+          linker_so     linker used to create shared objects and libraries
+          linker_exe    linker used to create binary executables
+          archiver      static library creator
+
+        On platforms with a command-line (Unix, DOS/Windows), each of these
+        is a string that will be split into executable name and (optional)
+        list of arguments.  (Splitting the string is done similarly to how
+        Unix shells operate: words are delimited by spaces, but quotes and
+        backslashes can override this.  See
+        'distutils.util.split_quoted()'.)
+        """
+
+        # Note that some CCompiler implementation classes will define class
+        # attributes 'cpp', 'cc', etc. with hard-coded executable names;
+        # this is appropriate when a compiler class is for exactly one
+        # compiler/OS combination (eg. MSVCCompiler).  Other compiler
+        # classes (UnixCCompiler, in particular) are driven by information
+        # discovered at run-time, since there are many different ways to do
+        # basically the same things with Unix C compilers.
+
+        for key in kwargs:
+            if key not in self.executables:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"unknown executable '{key}' for class {self.__class__.__name__}"
+                )
+            self.set_executable(key, kwargs[key])
+
+    def set_executable(self, key, value):
+        if isinstance(value, str):
+            setattr(self, key, split_quoted(value))
+        else:
+            setattr(self, key, value)
+
+    def _find_macro(self, name):
+        i = 0
+        for defn in self.macros:
+            if defn[0] == name:
+                return i
+            i += 1
+        return None
+
+    def _check_macro_definitions(self, definitions):
+        """Ensure that every element of 'definitions' is valid."""
+        for defn in definitions:
+            self._check_macro_definition(*defn)
+
+    def _check_macro_definition(self, defn):
+        """
+        Raise a TypeError if defn is not valid.
+
+        A valid definition is either a (name, value) 2-tuple or a (name,) tuple.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(defn, tuple) or not self._is_valid_macro(*defn):
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"invalid macro definition '{defn}': "
+                "must be tuple (string,), (string, string), or (string, None)"
+            )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _is_valid_macro(name, value=None):
+        """
+        A valid macro is a ``name : str`` and a ``value : str | None``.
+        """
+        return isinstance(name, str) and isinstance(value, (str, types.NoneType))
+
+    # -- Bookkeeping methods -------------------------------------------
+
+    def define_macro(self, name, value=None):
+        """Define a preprocessor macro for all compilations driven by this
+        compiler object.  The optional parameter 'value' should be a
+        string; if it is not supplied, then the macro will be defined
+        without an explicit value and the exact outcome depends on the
+        compiler used (XXX true? does ANSI say anything about this?)
+        """
+        # Delete from the list of macro definitions/undefinitions if
+        # already there (so that this one will take precedence).
+        i = self._find_macro(name)
+        if i is not None:
+            del self.macros[i]
+
+        self.macros.append((name, value))
+
+    def undefine_macro(self, name):
+        """Undefine a preprocessor macro for all compilations driven by
+        this compiler object.  If the same macro is defined by
+        'define_macro()' and undefined by 'undefine_macro()' the last call
+        takes precedence (including multiple redefinitions or
+        undefinitions).  If the macro is redefined/undefined on a
+        per-compilation basis (ie. in the call to 'compile()'), then that
+        takes precedence.
+        """
+        # Delete from the list of macro definitions/undefinitions if
+        # already there (so that this one will take precedence).
+        i = self._find_macro(name)
+        if i is not None:
+            del self.macros[i]
+
+        undefn = (name,)
+        self.macros.append(undefn)
+
+    def add_include_dir(self, dir):
+        """Add 'dir' to the list of directories that will be searched for
+        header files.  The compiler is instructed to search directories in
+        the order in which they are supplied by successive calls to
+        'add_include_dir()'.
+        """
+        self.include_dirs.append(dir)
+
+    def set_include_dirs(self, dirs):
+        """Set the list of directories that will be searched to 'dirs' (a
+        list of strings).  Overrides any preceding calls to
+        'add_include_dir()'; subsequence calls to 'add_include_dir()' add
+        to the list passed to 'set_include_dirs()'.  This does not affect
+        any list of standard include directories that the compiler may
+        search by default.
+        """
+        self.include_dirs = dirs[:]
+
+    def add_library(self, libname):
+        """Add 'libname' to the list of libraries that will be included in
+        all links driven by this compiler object.  Note that 'libname'
+        should *not* be the name of a file containing a library, but the
+        name of the library itself: the actual filename will be inferred by
+        the linker, the compiler, or the compiler class (depending on the
+        platform).
+
+        The linker will be instructed to link against libraries in the
+        order they were supplied to 'add_library()' and/or
+        'set_libraries()'.  It is perfectly valid to duplicate library
+        names; the linker will be instructed to link against libraries as
+        many times as they are mentioned.
+        """
+        self.libraries.append(libname)
+
+    def set_libraries(self, libnames):
+        """Set the list of libraries to be included in all links driven by
+        this compiler object to 'libnames' (a list of strings).  This does
+        not affect any standard system libraries that the linker may
+        include by default.
+        """
+        self.libraries = libnames[:]
+
+    def add_library_dir(self, dir):
+        """Add 'dir' to the list of directories that will be searched for
+        libraries specified to 'add_library()' and 'set_libraries()'.  The
+        linker will be instructed to search for libraries in the order they
+        are supplied to 'add_library_dir()' and/or 'set_library_dirs()'.
+        """
+        self.library_dirs.append(dir)
+
+    def set_library_dirs(self, dirs):
+        """Set the list of library search directories to 'dirs' (a list of
+        strings).  This does not affect any standard library search path
+        that the linker may search by default.
+        """
+        self.library_dirs = dirs[:]
+
+    def add_runtime_library_dir(self, dir):
+        """Add 'dir' to the list of directories that will be searched for
+        shared libraries at runtime.
+        """
+        self.runtime_library_dirs.append(dir)
+
+    def set_runtime_library_dirs(self, dirs):
+        """Set the list of directories to search for shared libraries at
+        runtime to 'dirs' (a list of strings).  This does not affect any
+        standard search path that the runtime linker may search by
+        default.
+        """
+        self.runtime_library_dirs = dirs[:]
+
+    def add_link_object(self, object):
+        """Add 'object' to the list of object files (or analogues, such as
+        explicitly named library files or the output of "resource
+        compilers") to be included in every link driven by this compiler
+        object.
+        """
+        self.objects.append(object)
+
+    def set_link_objects(self, objects):
+        """Set the list of object files (or analogues) to be included in
+        every link to 'objects'.  This does not affect any standard object
+        files that the linker may include by default (such as system
+        libraries).
+        """
+        self.objects = objects[:]
+
+    # -- Private utility methods --------------------------------------
+    # (here for the convenience of subclasses)
+
+    # Helper method to prep compiler in subclass compile() methods
+
+    def _setup_compile(self, outdir, macros, incdirs, sources, depends, extra):
+        """Process arguments and decide which source files to compile."""
+        outdir, macros, incdirs = self._fix_compile_args(outdir, macros, incdirs)
+
+        if extra is None:
+            extra = []
+
+        # Get the list of expected output (object) files
+        objects = self.object_filenames(sources, strip_dir=False, output_dir=outdir)
+        assert len(objects) == len(sources)
+
+        pp_opts = gen_preprocess_options(macros, incdirs)
+
+        build = {}
+        for i in range(len(sources)):
+            src = sources[i]
+            obj = objects[i]
+            ext = os.path.splitext(src)[1]
+            self.mkpath(os.path.dirname(obj))
+            build[obj] = (src, ext)
+
+        return macros, objects, extra, pp_opts, build
+
+    def _get_cc_args(self, pp_opts, debug, before):
+        # works for unixccompiler, cygwinccompiler
+        cc_args = pp_opts + ['-c']
+        if debug:
+            cc_args[:0] = ['-g']
+        if before:
+            cc_args[:0] = before
+        return cc_args
+
+    def _fix_compile_args(self, output_dir, macros, include_dirs):
+        """Typecheck and fix-up some of the arguments to the 'compile()'
+        method, and return fixed-up values.  Specifically: if 'output_dir'
+        is None, replaces it with 'self.output_dir'; ensures that 'macros'
+        is a list, and augments it with 'self.macros'; ensures that
+        'include_dirs' is a list, and augments it with 'self.include_dirs'.
+        Guarantees that the returned values are of the correct type,
+        i.e. for 'output_dir' either string or None, and for 'macros' and
+        'include_dirs' either list or None.
+        """
+        if output_dir is None:
+            output_dir = self.output_dir
+        elif not isinstance(output_dir, str):
+            raise TypeError("'output_dir' must be a string or None")
+
+        if macros is None:
+            macros = list(self.macros)
+        elif isinstance(macros, list):
+            macros = macros + (self.macros or [])
+        else:
+            raise TypeError("'macros' (if supplied) must be a list of tuples")
+
+        if include_dirs is None:
+            include_dirs = list(self.include_dirs)
+        elif isinstance(include_dirs, (list, tuple)):
+            include_dirs = list(include_dirs) + (self.include_dirs or [])
+        else:
+            raise TypeError("'include_dirs' (if supplied) must be a list of strings")
+
+        # add include dirs for class
+        include_dirs += self.__class__.include_dirs
+
+        return output_dir, macros, include_dirs
+
+    def _prep_compile(self, sources, output_dir, depends=None):
+        """Decide which source files must be recompiled.
+
+        Determine the list of object files corresponding to 'sources',
+        and figure out which ones really need to be recompiled.
+        Return a list of all object files and a dictionary telling
+        which source files can be skipped.
+        """
+        # Get the list of expected output (object) files
+        objects = self.object_filenames(sources, output_dir=output_dir)
+        assert len(objects) == len(sources)
+
+        # Return an empty dict for the "which source files can be skipped"
+        # return value to preserve API compatibility.
+        return objects, {}
+
+    def _fix_object_args(self, objects, output_dir):
+        """Typecheck and fix up some arguments supplied to various methods.
+        Specifically: ensure that 'objects' is a list; if output_dir is
+        None, replace with self.output_dir.  Return fixed versions of
+        'objects' and 'output_dir'.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(objects, (list, tuple)):
+            raise TypeError("'objects' must be a list or tuple of strings")
+        objects = list(objects)
+
+        if output_dir is None:
+            output_dir = self.output_dir
+        elif not isinstance(output_dir, str):
+            raise TypeError("'output_dir' must be a string or None")
+
+        return (objects, output_dir)
+
+    def _fix_lib_args(self, libraries, library_dirs, runtime_library_dirs):
+        """Typecheck and fix up some of the arguments supplied to the
+        'link_*' methods.  Specifically: ensure that all arguments are
+        lists, and augment them with their permanent versions
+        (eg. 'self.libraries' augments 'libraries').  Return a tuple with
+        fixed versions of all arguments.
+        """
+        if libraries is None:
+            libraries = list(self.libraries)
+        elif isinstance(libraries, (list, tuple)):
+            libraries = list(libraries) + (self.libraries or [])
+        else:
+            raise TypeError("'libraries' (if supplied) must be a list of strings")
+
+        if library_dirs is None:
+            library_dirs = list(self.library_dirs)
+        elif isinstance(library_dirs, (list, tuple)):
+            library_dirs = list(library_dirs) + (self.library_dirs or [])
+        else:
+            raise TypeError("'library_dirs' (if supplied) must be a list of strings")
+
+        # add library dirs for class
+        library_dirs += self.__class__.library_dirs
+
+        if runtime_library_dirs is None:
+            runtime_library_dirs = list(self.runtime_library_dirs)
+        elif isinstance(runtime_library_dirs, (list, tuple)):
+            runtime_library_dirs = list(runtime_library_dirs) + (
+                self.runtime_library_dirs or []
+            )
+        else:
+            raise TypeError(
+                "'runtime_library_dirs' (if supplied) must be a list of strings"
+            )
+
+        return (libraries, library_dirs, runtime_library_dirs)
+
+    def _need_link(self, objects, output_file):
+        """Return true if we need to relink the files listed in 'objects'
+        to recreate 'output_file'.
+        """
+        if self.force:
+            return True
+        else:
+            if self.dry_run:
+                newer = newer_group(objects, output_file, missing='newer')
+            else:
+                newer = newer_group(objects, output_file)
+            return newer
+
+    def detect_language(self, sources):
+        """Detect the language of a given file, or list of files. Uses
+        language_map, and language_order to do the job.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(sources, list):
+            sources = [sources]
+        lang = None
+        index = len(self.language_order)
+        for source in sources:
+            base, ext = os.path.splitext(source)
+            extlang = self.language_map.get(ext)
+            try:
+                extindex = self.language_order.index(extlang)
+                if extindex < index:
+                    lang = extlang
+                    index = extindex
+            except ValueError:
+                pass
+        return lang
+
+    # -- Worker methods ------------------------------------------------
+    # (must be implemented by subclasses)
+
+    def preprocess(
+        self,
+        source,
+        output_file=None,
+        macros=None,
+        include_dirs=None,
+        extra_preargs=None,
+        extra_postargs=None,
+    ):
+        """Preprocess a single C/C++ source file, named in 'source'.
+        Output will be written to file named 'output_file', or stdout if
+        'output_file' not supplied.  'macros' is a list of macro
+        definitions as for 'compile()', which will augment the macros set
+        with 'define_macro()' and 'undefine_macro()'.  'include_dirs' is a
+        list of directory names that will be added to the default list.
+
+        Raises PreprocessError on failure.
+        """
+        pass
+
+    def compile(
+        self,
+        sources,
+        output_dir=None,
+        macros=None,
+        include_dirs=None,
+        debug=False,
+        extra_preargs=None,
+        extra_postargs=None,
+        depends=None,
+    ):
+        """Compile one or more source files.
+
+        'sources' must be a list of filenames, most likely C/C++
+        files, but in reality anything that can be handled by a
+        particular compiler and compiler class (eg. MSVCCompiler can
+        handle resource files in 'sources').  Return a list of object
+        filenames, one per source filename in 'sources'.  Depending on
+        the implementation, not all source files will necessarily be
+        compiled, but all corresponding object filenames will be
+        returned.
+
+        If 'output_dir' is given, object files will be put under it, while
+        retaining their original path component.  That is, "foo/bar.c"
+        normally compiles to "foo/bar.o" (for a Unix implementation); if
+        'output_dir' is "build", then it would compile to
+        "build/foo/bar.o".
+
+        'macros', if given, must be a list of macro definitions.  A macro
+        definition is either a (name, value) 2-tuple or a (name,) 1-tuple.
+        The former defines a macro; if the value is None, the macro is
+        defined without an explicit value.  The 1-tuple case undefines a
+        macro.  Later definitions/redefinitions/ undefinitions take
+        precedence.
+
+        'include_dirs', if given, must be a list of strings, the
+        directories to add to the default include file search path for this
+        compilation only.
+
+        'debug' is a boolean; if true, the compiler will be instructed to
+        output debug symbols in (or alongside) the object file(s).
+
+        'extra_preargs' and 'extra_postargs' are implementation- dependent.
+        On platforms that have the notion of a command-line (e.g. Unix,
+        DOS/Windows), they are most likely lists of strings: extra
+        command-line arguments to prepend/append to the compiler command
+        line.  On other platforms, consult the implementation class
+        documentation.  In any event, they are intended as an escape hatch
+        for those occasions when the abstract compiler framework doesn't
+        cut the mustard.
+
+        'depends', if given, is a list of filenames that all targets
+        depend on.  If a source file is older than any file in
+        depends, then the source file will be recompiled.  This
+        supports dependency tracking, but only at a coarse
+        granularity.
+
+        Raises CompileError on failure.
+        """
+        # A concrete compiler class can either override this method
+        # entirely or implement _compile().
+        macros, objects, extra_postargs, pp_opts, build = self._setup_compile(
+            output_dir, macros, include_dirs, sources, depends, extra_postargs
+        )
+        cc_args = self._get_cc_args(pp_opts, debug, extra_preargs)
+
+        for obj in objects:
+            try:
+                src, ext = build[obj]
+            except KeyError:
+                continue
+            self._compile(obj, src, ext, cc_args, extra_postargs, pp_opts)
+
+        # Return *all* object filenames, not just the ones we just built.
+        return objects
+
+    def _compile(self, obj, src, ext, cc_args, extra_postargs, pp_opts):
+        """Compile 'src' to product 'obj'."""
+        # A concrete compiler class that does not override compile()
+        # should implement _compile().
+        pass
+
+    def create_static_lib(
+        self, objects, output_libname, output_dir=None, debug=False, target_lang=None
+    ):
+        """Link a bunch of stuff together to create a static library file.
+        The "bunch of stuff" consists of the list of object files supplied
+        as 'objects', the extra object files supplied to
+        'add_link_object()' and/or 'set_link_objects()', the libraries
+        supplied to 'add_library()' and/or 'set_libraries()', and the
+        libraries supplied as 'libraries' (if any).
+
+        'output_libname' should be a library name, not a filename; the
+        filename will be inferred from the library name.  'output_dir' is
+        the directory where the library file will be put.
+
+        'debug' is a boolean; if true, debugging information will be
+        included in the library (note that on most platforms, it is the
+        compile step where this matters: the 'debug' flag is included here
+        just for consistency).
+
+        'target_lang' is the target language for which the given objects
+        are being compiled. This allows specific linkage time treatment of
+        certain languages.
+
+        Raises LibError on failure.
+        """
+        pass
+
+    # values for target_desc parameter in link()
+    SHARED_OBJECT = "shared_object"
+    SHARED_LIBRARY = "shared_library"
+    EXECUTABLE = "executable"
+
+    def link(
+        self,
+        target_desc,
+        objects,
+        output_filename,
+        output_dir=None,
+        libraries=None,
+        library_dirs=None,
+        runtime_library_dirs=None,
+        export_symbols=None,
+        debug=False,
+        extra_preargs=None,
+        extra_postargs=None,
+        build_temp=None,
+        target_lang=None,
+    ):
+        """Link a bunch of stuff together to create an executable or
+        shared library file.
+
+        The "bunch of stuff" consists of the list of object files supplied
+        as 'objects'.  'output_filename' should be a filename.  If
+        'output_dir' is supplied, 'output_filename' is relative to it
+        (i.e. 'output_filename' can provide directory components if
+        needed).
+
+        'libraries' is a list of libraries to link against.  These are
+        library names, not filenames, since they're translated into
+        filenames in a platform-specific way (eg. "foo" becomes "libfoo.a"
+        on Unix and "foo.lib" on DOS/Windows).  However, they can include a
+        directory component, which means the linker will look in that
+        specific directory rather than searching all the normal locations.
+
+        'library_dirs', if supplied, should be a list of directories to
+        search for libraries that were specified as bare library names
+        (ie. no directory component).  These are on top of the system
+        default and those supplied to 'add_library_dir()' and/or
+        'set_library_dirs()'.  'runtime_library_dirs' is a list of
+        directories that will be embedded into the shared library and used
+        to search for other shared libraries that *it* depends on at
+        run-time.  (This may only be relevant on Unix.)
+
+        'export_symbols' is a list of symbols that the shared library will
+        export.  (This appears to be relevant only on Windows.)
+
+        'debug' is as for 'compile()' and 'create_static_lib()', with the
+        slight distinction that it actually matters on most platforms (as
+        opposed to 'create_static_lib()', which includes a 'debug' flag
+        mostly for form's sake).
+
+        'extra_preargs' and 'extra_postargs' are as for 'compile()' (except
+        of course that they supply command-line arguments for the
+        particular linker being used).
+
+        'target_lang' is the target language for which the given objects
+        are being compiled. This allows specific linkage time treatment of
+        certain languages.
+
+        Raises LinkError on failure.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    # Old 'link_*()' methods, rewritten to use the new 'link()' method.
+
+    def link_shared_lib(
+        self,
+        objects,
+        output_libname,
+        output_dir=None,
+        libraries=None,
+        library_dirs=None,
+        runtime_library_dirs=None,
+        export_symbols=None,
+        debug=False,
+        extra_preargs=None,
+        extra_postargs=None,
+        build_temp=None,
+        target_lang=None,
+    ):
+        self.link(
+            Compiler.SHARED_LIBRARY,
+            objects,
+            self.library_filename(output_libname, lib_type='shared'),
+            output_dir,
+            libraries,
+            library_dirs,
+            runtime_library_dirs,
+            export_symbols,
+            debug,
+            extra_preargs,
+            extra_postargs,
+            build_temp,
+            target_lang,
+        )
+
+    def link_shared_object(
+        self,
+        objects,
+        output_filename,
+        output_dir=None,
+        libraries=None,
+        library_dirs=None,
+        runtime_library_dirs=None,
+        export_symbols=None,
+        debug=False,
+        extra_preargs=None,
+        extra_postargs=None,
+        build_temp=None,
+        target_lang=None,
+    ):
+        self.link(
+            Compiler.SHARED_OBJECT,
+            objects,
+            output_filename,
+            output_dir,
+            libraries,
+            library_dirs,
+            runtime_library_dirs,
+            export_symbols,
+            debug,
+            extra_preargs,
+            extra_postargs,
+            build_temp,
+            target_lang,
+        )
+
+    def link_executable(
+        self,
+        objects,
+        output_progname,
+        output_dir=None,
+        libraries=None,
+        library_dirs=None,
+        runtime_library_dirs=None,
+        debug=False,
+        extra_preargs=None,
+        extra_postargs=None,
+        target_lang=None,
+    ):
+        self.link(
+            Compiler.EXECUTABLE,
+            objects,
+            self.executable_filename(output_progname),
+            output_dir,
+            libraries,
+            library_dirs,
+            runtime_library_dirs,
+            None,
+            debug,
+            extra_preargs,
+            extra_postargs,
+            None,
+            target_lang,
+        )
+
+    # -- Miscellaneous methods -----------------------------------------
+    # These are all used by the 'gen_lib_options() function; there is
+    # no appropriate default implementation so subclasses should
+    # implement all of these.
+
+    def library_dir_option(self, dir):
+        """Return the compiler option to add 'dir' to the list of
+        directories searched for libraries.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def runtime_library_dir_option(self, dir):
+        """Return the compiler option to add 'dir' to the list of
+        directories searched for runtime libraries.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def library_option(self, lib):
+        """Return the compiler option to add 'lib' to the list of libraries
+        linked into the shared library or executable.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def has_function(  # noqa: C901
+        self,
+        funcname,
+        includes=None,
+        include_dirs=None,
+        libraries=None,
+        library_dirs=None,
+    ):
+        """Return a boolean indicating whether funcname is provided as
+        a symbol on the current platform.  The optional arguments can
+        be used to augment the compilation environment.
+
+        The libraries argument is a list of flags to be passed to the
+        linker to make additional symbol definitions available for
+        linking.
+
+        The includes and include_dirs arguments are deprecated.
+        Usually, supplying include files with function declarations
+        will cause function detection to fail even in cases where the
+        symbol is available for linking.
+
+        """
+        # this can't be included at module scope because it tries to
+        # import math which might not be available at that point - maybe
+        # the necessary logic should just be inlined?
+        import tempfile
+
+        if includes is None:
+            includes = []
+        else:
+            warnings.warn("includes is deprecated", DeprecationWarning)
+        if include_dirs is None:
+            include_dirs = []
+        else:
+            warnings.warn("include_dirs is deprecated", DeprecationWarning)
+        if libraries is None:
+            libraries = []
+        if library_dirs is None:
+            library_dirs = []
+        fd, fname = tempfile.mkstemp(".c", funcname, text=True)
+        with os.fdopen(fd, "w", encoding='utf-8') as f:
+            for incl in includes:
+                f.write(f"""#include "{incl}"\n""")
+            if not includes:
+                # Use "char func(void);" as the prototype to follow
+                # what autoconf does.  This prototype does not match
+                # any well-known function the compiler might recognize
+                # as a builtin, so this ends up as a true link test.
+                # Without a fake prototype, the test would need to
+                # know the exact argument types, and the has_function
+                # interface does not provide that level of information.
+                f.write(
+                    f"""\
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C"
+#endif
+char {funcname}(void);
+"""
+                )
+            f.write(
+                f"""\
+int main (int argc, char **argv) {{
+    {funcname}();
+    return 0;
+}}
+"""
+            )
+
+        try:
+            objects = self.compile([fname], include_dirs=include_dirs)
+        except CompileError:
+            return False
+        finally:
+            os.remove(fname)
+
+        try:
+            self.link_executable(
+                objects, "a.out", libraries=libraries, library_dirs=library_dirs
+            )
+        except (LinkError, TypeError):
+            return False
+        else:
+            os.remove(
+                self.executable_filename("a.out", output_dir=self.output_dir or '')
+            )
+        finally:
+            for fn in objects:
+                os.remove(fn)
+        return True
+
+    def find_library_file(self, dirs, lib, debug=False):
+        """Search the specified list of directories for a static or shared
+        library file 'lib' and return the full path to that file.  If
+        'debug' true, look for a debugging version (if that makes sense on
+        the current platform).  Return None if 'lib' wasn't found in any of
+        the specified directories.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    # -- Filename generation methods -----------------------------------
+
+    # The default implementation of the filename generating methods are
+    # prejudiced towards the Unix/DOS/Windows view of the world:
+    #   * object files are named by replacing the source file extension
+    #     (eg. .c/.cpp -> .o/.obj)
+    #   * library files (shared or static) are named by plugging the
+    #     library name and extension into a format string, eg.
+    #     "lib%s.%s" % (lib_name, ".a") for Unix static libraries
+    #   * executables are named by appending an extension (possibly
+    #     empty) to the program name: eg. progname + ".exe" for
+    #     Windows
+    #
+    # To reduce redundant code, these methods expect to find
+    # several attributes in the current object (presumably defined
+    # as class attributes):
+    #   * src_extensions -
+    #     list of C/C++ source file extensions, eg. ['.c', '.cpp']
+    #   * obj_extension -
+    #     object file extension, eg. '.o' or '.obj'
+    #   * static_lib_extension -
+    #     extension for static library files, eg. '.a' or '.lib'
+    #   * shared_lib_extension -
+    #     extension for shared library/object files, eg. '.so', '.dll'
+    #   * static_lib_format -
+    #     format string for generating static library filenames,
+    #     eg. 'lib%s.%s' or '%s.%s'
+    #   * shared_lib_format
+    #     format string for generating shared library filenames
+    #     (probably same as static_lib_format, since the extension
+    #     is one of the intended parameters to the format string)
+    #   * exe_extension -
+    #     extension for executable files, eg. '' or '.exe'
+
+    def object_filenames(self, source_filenames, strip_dir=False, output_dir=''):
+        if output_dir is None:
+            output_dir = ''
+        return list(
+            self._make_out_path(output_dir, strip_dir, src_name)
+            for src_name in source_filenames
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def out_extensions(self):
+        return dict.fromkeys(self.src_extensions, self.obj_extension)
+
+    def _make_out_path(self, output_dir, strip_dir, src_name):
+        base, ext = os.path.splitext(src_name)
+        base = self._make_relative(base)
+        try:
+            new_ext = self.out_extensions[ext]
+        except LookupError:
+            raise UnknownFileType(f"unknown file type '{ext}' (from '{src_name}')")
+        if strip_dir:
+            base = os.path.basename(base)
+        return os.path.join(output_dir, base + new_ext)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _make_relative(base):
+        """
+        In order to ensure that a filename always honors the
+        indicated output_dir, make sure it's relative.
+        Ref python/cpython#37775.
+        """
+        # Chop off the drive
+        no_drive = os.path.splitdrive(base)[1]
+        # If abs, chop off leading /
+        return no_drive[os.path.isabs(no_drive) :]
+
+    def shared_object_filename(self, basename, strip_dir=False, output_dir=''):
+        assert output_dir is not None
+        if strip_dir:
+            basename = os.path.basename(basename)
+        return os.path.join(output_dir, basename + self.shared_lib_extension)
+
+    def executable_filename(self, basename, strip_dir=False, output_dir=''):
+        assert output_dir is not None
+        if strip_dir:
+            basename = os.path.basename(basename)
+        return os.path.join(output_dir, basename + (self.exe_extension or ''))
+
+    def library_filename(
+        self,
+        libname,
+        lib_type='static',
+        strip_dir=False,
+        output_dir='',  # or 'shared'
+    ):
+        assert output_dir is not None
+        expected = '"static", "shared", "dylib", "xcode_stub"'
+        if lib_type not in eval(expected):
+            raise ValueError(f"'lib_type' must be {expected}")
+        fmt = getattr(self, lib_type + "_lib_format")
+        ext = getattr(self, lib_type + "_lib_extension")
+
+        dir, base = os.path.split(libname)
+        filename = fmt % (base, ext)
+        if strip_dir:
+            dir = ''
+
+        return os.path.join(output_dir, dir, filename)
+
+    # -- Utility methods -----------------------------------------------
+
+    def announce(self, msg, level=1):
+        log.debug(msg)
+
+    def debug_print(self, msg):
+        from distutils.debug import DEBUG
+
+        if DEBUG:
+            print(msg)
+
+    def warn(self, msg):
+        sys.stderr.write(f"warning: {msg}\n")
+
+    def execute(self, func, args, msg=None, level=1):
+        execute(func, args, msg, self.dry_run)
+
+    def spawn(self, cmd, **kwargs):
+        spawn(cmd, dry_run=self.dry_run, **kwargs)
+
+    def move_file(self, src, dst):
+        return move_file(src, dst, dry_run=self.dry_run)
+
+    def mkpath(self, name, mode=0o777):
+        mkpath(name, mode, dry_run=self.dry_run)
+
+
+# Map a sys.platform/os.name ('posix', 'nt') to the default compiler
+# type for that platform. Keys are interpreted as re match
+# patterns. Order is important; platform mappings are preferred over
+# OS names.
+_default_compilers = (
+    # Platform string mappings
+    # on a cygwin built python we can use gcc like an ordinary UNIXish
+    # compiler
+    ('cygwin.*', 'unix'),
+    ('zos', 'zos'),
+    # OS name mappings
+    ('posix', 'unix'),
+    ('nt', 'msvc'),
+)
+
+
+def get_default_compiler(osname=None, platform=None):
+    """Determine the default compiler to use for the given platform.
+
+    osname should be one of the standard Python OS names (i.e. the
+    ones returned by os.name) and platform the common value
+    returned by sys.platform for the platform in question.
+
+    The default values are os.name and sys.platform in case the
+    parameters are not given.
+    """
+    if osname is None:
+        osname = os.name
+    if platform is None:
+        platform = sys.platform
+    # Mingw is a special case where sys.platform is 'win32' but we
+    # want to use the 'mingw32' compiler, so check it first
+    if is_mingw():
+        return 'mingw32'
+    for pattern, compiler in _default_compilers:
+        if (
+            re.match(pattern, platform) is not None
+            or re.match(pattern, osname) is not None
+        ):
+            return compiler
+    # Default to Unix compiler
+    return 'unix'
+
+
+# Map compiler types to (module_name, class_name) pairs -- ie. where to
+# find the code that implements an interface to this compiler.  (The module
+# is assumed to be in the 'distutils' package.)
+compiler_class = {
+    'unix': ('unixccompiler', 'UnixCCompiler', "standard UNIX-style compiler"),
+    'msvc': ('_msvccompiler', 'MSVCCompiler', "Microsoft Visual C++"),
+    'cygwin': (
+        'cygwinccompiler',
+        'CygwinCCompiler',
+        "Cygwin port of GNU C Compiler for Win32",
+    ),
+    'mingw32': (
+        'cygwinccompiler',
+        'Mingw32CCompiler',
+        "Mingw32 port of GNU C Compiler for Win32",
+    ),
+    'bcpp': ('bcppcompiler', 'BCPPCompiler', "Borland C++ Compiler"),
+    'zos': ('zosccompiler', 'zOSCCompiler', 'IBM XL C/C++ Compilers'),
+}
+
+
+def show_compilers():
+    """Print list of available compilers (used by the "--help-compiler"
+    options to "build", "build_ext", "build_clib").
+    """
+    # XXX this "knows" that the compiler option it's describing is
+    # "--compiler", which just happens to be the case for the three
+    # commands that use it.
+    from distutils.fancy_getopt import FancyGetopt
+
+    compilers = sorted(
+        ("compiler=" + compiler, None, compiler_class[compiler][2])
+        for compiler in compiler_class.keys()
+    )
+    pretty_printer = FancyGetopt(compilers)
+    pretty_printer.print_help("List of available compilers:")
+
+
+def new_compiler(plat=None, compiler=None, verbose=False, dry_run=False, force=False):
+    """Generate an instance of some CCompiler subclass for the supplied
+    platform/compiler combination.  'plat' defaults to 'os.name'
+    (eg. 'posix', 'nt'), and 'compiler' defaults to the default compiler
+    for that platform.  Currently only 'posix' and 'nt' are supported, and
+    the default compilers are "traditional Unix interface" (UnixCCompiler
+    class) and Visual C++ (MSVCCompiler class).  Note that it's perfectly
+    possible to ask for a Unix compiler object under Windows, and a
+    Microsoft compiler object under Unix -- if you supply a value for
+    'compiler', 'plat' is ignored.
+    """
+    if plat is None:
+        plat = os.name
+
+    try:
+        if compiler is None:
+            compiler = get_default_compiler(plat)
+
+        (module_name, class_name, long_description) = compiler_class[compiler]
+    except KeyError:
+        msg = f"don't know how to compile C/C++ code on platform '{plat}'"
+        if compiler is not None:
+            msg = msg + f" with '{compiler}' compiler"
+        raise DistutilsPlatformError(msg)
+
+    try:
+        module_name = "distutils." + module_name
+        __import__(module_name)
+        module = sys.modules[module_name]
+        klass = vars(module)[class_name]
+    except ImportError:
+        raise DistutilsModuleError(
+            f"can't compile C/C++ code: unable to load module '{module_name}'"
+        )
+    except KeyError:
+        raise DistutilsModuleError(
+            f"can't compile C/C++ code: unable to find class '{class_name}' "
+            f"in module '{module_name}'"
+        )
+
+    # XXX The None is necessary to preserve backwards compatibility
+    # with classes that expect verbose to be the first positional
+    # argument.
+    return klass(None, dry_run, force)
+
+
+def gen_preprocess_options(macros, include_dirs):
+    """Generate C pre-processor options (-D, -U, -I) as used by at least
+    two types of compilers: the typical Unix compiler and Visual C++.
+    'macros' is the usual thing, a list of 1- or 2-tuples, where (name,)
+    means undefine (-U) macro 'name', and (name,value) means define (-D)
+    macro 'name' to 'value'.  'include_dirs' is just a list of directory
+    names to be added to the header file search path (-I).  Returns a list
+    of command-line options suitable for either Unix compilers or Visual
+    C++.
+    """
+    # XXX it would be nice (mainly aesthetic, and so we don't generate
+    # stupid-looking command lines) to go over 'macros' and eliminate
+    # redundant definitions/undefinitions (ie. ensure that only the
+    # latest mention of a particular macro winds up on the command
+    # line).  I don't think it's essential, though, since most (all?)
+    # Unix C compilers only pay attention to the latest -D or -U
+    # mention of a macro on their command line.  Similar situation for
+    # 'include_dirs'.  I'm punting on both for now.  Anyways, weeding out
+    # redundancies like this should probably be the province of
+    # CCompiler, since the data structures used are inherited from it
+    # and therefore common to all CCompiler classes.
+    pp_opts = []
+    for macro in macros:
+        if not (isinstance(macro, tuple) and 1 <= len(macro) <= 2):
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"bad macro definition '{macro}': "
+                "each element of 'macros' list must be a 1- or 2-tuple"
+            )
+
+        if len(macro) == 1:  # undefine this macro
+            pp_opts.append(f"-U{macro[0]}")
+        elif len(macro) == 2:
+            if macro[1] is None:  # define with no explicit value
+                pp_opts.append(f"-D{macro[0]}")
+            else:
+                # XXX *don't* need to be clever about quoting the
+                # macro value here, because we're going to avoid the
+                # shell at all costs when we spawn the command!
+                pp_opts.append("-D{}={}".format(*macro))
+
+    pp_opts.extend(f"-I{dir}" for dir in include_dirs)
+    return pp_opts
+
+
+def gen_lib_options(compiler, library_dirs, runtime_library_dirs, libraries):
+    """Generate linker options for searching library directories and
+    linking with specific libraries.  'libraries' and 'library_dirs' are,
+    respectively, lists of library names (not filenames!) and search
+    directories.  Returns a list of command-line options suitable for use
+    with some compiler (depending on the two format strings passed in).
+    """
+    lib_opts = [compiler.library_dir_option(dir) for dir in library_dirs]
+
+    for dir in runtime_library_dirs:
+        lib_opts.extend(always_iterable(compiler.runtime_library_dir_option(dir)))
+
+    # XXX it's important that we *not* remove redundant library mentions!
+    # sometimes you really do have to say "-lfoo -lbar -lfoo" in order to
+    # resolve all symbols.  I just hope we never have to say "-lfoo obj.o
+    # -lbar" to get things to work -- that's certainly a possibility, but a
+    # pretty nasty way to arrange your C code.
+
+    for lib in libraries:
+        (lib_dir, lib_name) = os.path.split(lib)
+        if lib_dir:
+            lib_file = compiler.find_library_file([lib_dir], lib_name)
+            if lib_file:
+                lib_opts.append(lib_file)
+            else:
+                compiler.warn(
+                    f"no library file corresponding to '{lib}' found (skipping)"
+                )
+        else:
+            lib_opts.append(compiler.library_option(lib))
+    return lib_opts
diff --git a/distutils/compilers/C/cygwin.py b/distutils/compilers/C/cygwin.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fbaf84cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/distutils/compilers/C/cygwin.py
@@ -0,0 +1,335 @@
+"""distutils.cygwinccompiler
+
+Provides the CygwinCCompiler class, a subclass of UnixCCompiler that
+handles the Cygwin port of the GNU C compiler to Windows.  It also contains
+the Mingw32CCompiler class which handles the mingw32 port of GCC (same as
+cygwin in no-cygwin mode).
+"""
+
+import copy
+import os
+import pathlib
+import shlex
+import sys
+import warnings
+from subprocess import check_output
+
+from ...errors import (
+    DistutilsExecError,
+    DistutilsPlatformError,
+)
+from ...file_util import write_file
+from ...version import LooseVersion, suppress_known_deprecation
+from . import unix
+from .errors import (
+    CompileError,
+    Error,
+)
+
+
+def get_msvcr():
+    """No longer needed, but kept for backward compatibility."""
+    return []
+
+
+_runtime_library_dirs_msg = (
+    "Unable to set runtime library search path on Windows, "
+    "usually indicated by `runtime_library_dirs` parameter to Extension"
+)
+
+
+class Compiler(unix.Compiler):
+    """Handles the Cygwin port of the GNU C compiler to Windows."""
+
+    compiler_type = 'cygwin'
+    obj_extension = ".o"
+    static_lib_extension = ".a"
+    shared_lib_extension = ".dll.a"
+    dylib_lib_extension = ".dll"
+    static_lib_format = "lib%s%s"
+    shared_lib_format = "lib%s%s"
+    dylib_lib_format = "cyg%s%s"
+    exe_extension = ".exe"
+
+    def __init__(self, verbose=False, dry_run=False, force=False):
+        super().__init__(verbose, dry_run, force)
+
+        status, details = check_config_h()
+        self.debug_print(f"Python's GCC status: {status} (details: {details})")
+        if status is not CONFIG_H_OK:
+            self.warn(
+                "Python's pyconfig.h doesn't seem to support your compiler. "
+                f"Reason: {details}. "
+                "Compiling may fail because of undefined preprocessor macros."
+            )
+
+        self.cc = os.environ.get('CC', 'gcc')
+        self.cxx = os.environ.get('CXX', 'g++')
+
+        self.linker_dll = self.cc
+        self.linker_dll_cxx = self.cxx
+        shared_option = "-shared"
+
+        self.set_executables(
+            compiler=f'{self.cc} -mcygwin -O -Wall',
+            compiler_so=f'{self.cc} -mcygwin -mdll -O -Wall',
+            compiler_cxx=f'{self.cxx} -mcygwin -O -Wall',
+            compiler_so_cxx=f'{self.cxx} -mcygwin -mdll -O -Wall',
+            linker_exe=f'{self.cc} -mcygwin',
+            linker_so=f'{self.linker_dll} -mcygwin {shared_option}',
+            linker_exe_cxx=f'{self.cxx} -mcygwin',
+            linker_so_cxx=f'{self.linker_dll_cxx} -mcygwin {shared_option}',
+        )
+
+        self.dll_libraries = get_msvcr()
+
+    @property
+    def gcc_version(self):
+        # Older numpy depended on this existing to check for ancient
+        # gcc versions. This doesn't make much sense with clang etc so
+        # just hardcode to something recent.
+        # https://github.com/numpy/numpy/pull/20333
+        warnings.warn(
+            "gcc_version attribute of CygwinCCompiler is deprecated. "
+            "Instead of returning actual gcc version a fixed value 11.2.0 is returned.",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        with suppress_known_deprecation():
+            return LooseVersion("11.2.0")
+
+    def _compile(self, obj, src, ext, cc_args, extra_postargs, pp_opts):
+        """Compiles the source by spawning GCC and windres if needed."""
+        if ext in ('.rc', '.res'):
+            # gcc needs '.res' and '.rc' compiled to object files !!!
+            try:
+                self.spawn(["windres", "-i", src, "-o", obj])
+            except DistutilsExecError as msg:
+                raise CompileError(msg)
+        else:  # for other files use the C-compiler
+            try:
+                if self.detect_language(src) == 'c++':
+                    self.spawn(
+                        self.compiler_so_cxx
+                        + cc_args
+                        + [src, '-o', obj]
+                        + extra_postargs
+                    )
+                else:
+                    self.spawn(
+                        self.compiler_so + cc_args + [src, '-o', obj] + extra_postargs
+                    )
+            except DistutilsExecError as msg:
+                raise CompileError(msg)
+
+    def link(
+        self,
+        target_desc,
+        objects,
+        output_filename,
+        output_dir=None,
+        libraries=None,
+        library_dirs=None,
+        runtime_library_dirs=None,
+        export_symbols=None,
+        debug=False,
+        extra_preargs=None,
+        extra_postargs=None,
+        build_temp=None,
+        target_lang=None,
+    ):
+        """Link the objects."""
+        # use separate copies, so we can modify the lists
+        extra_preargs = copy.copy(extra_preargs or [])
+        libraries = copy.copy(libraries or [])
+        objects = copy.copy(objects or [])
+
+        if runtime_library_dirs:
+            self.warn(_runtime_library_dirs_msg)
+
+        # Additional libraries
+        libraries.extend(self.dll_libraries)
+
+        # handle export symbols by creating a def-file
+        # with executables this only works with gcc/ld as linker
+        if (export_symbols is not None) and (
+            target_desc != self.EXECUTABLE or self.linker_dll == "gcc"
+        ):
+            # (The linker doesn't do anything if output is up-to-date.
+            # So it would probably better to check if we really need this,
+            # but for this we had to insert some unchanged parts of
+            # UnixCCompiler, and this is not what we want.)
+
+            # we want to put some files in the same directory as the
+            # object files are, build_temp doesn't help much
+            # where are the object files
+            temp_dir = os.path.dirname(objects[0])
+            # name of dll to give the helper files the same base name
+            (dll_name, dll_extension) = os.path.splitext(
+                os.path.basename(output_filename)
+            )
+
+            # generate the filenames for these files
+            def_file = os.path.join(temp_dir, dll_name + ".def")
+
+            # Generate .def file
+            contents = [f"LIBRARY {os.path.basename(output_filename)}", "EXPORTS"]
+            contents.extend(export_symbols)
+            self.execute(write_file, (def_file, contents), f"writing {def_file}")
+
+            # next add options for def-file
+
+            # for gcc/ld the def-file is specified as any object files
+            objects.append(def_file)
+
+        # end: if ((export_symbols is not None) and
+        #        (target_desc != self.EXECUTABLE or self.linker_dll == "gcc")):
+
+        # who wants symbols and a many times larger output file
+        # should explicitly switch the debug mode on
+        # otherwise we let ld strip the output file
+        # (On my machine: 10KiB < stripped_file < ??100KiB
+        #   unstripped_file = stripped_file + XXX KiB
+        #  ( XXX=254 for a typical python extension))
+        if not debug:
+            extra_preargs.append("-s")
+
+        super().link(
+            target_desc,
+            objects,
+            output_filename,
+            output_dir,
+            libraries,
+            library_dirs,
+            runtime_library_dirs,
+            None,  # export_symbols, we do this in our def-file
+            debug,
+            extra_preargs,
+            extra_postargs,
+            build_temp,
+            target_lang,
+        )
+
+    def runtime_library_dir_option(self, dir):
+        # cygwin doesn't support rpath. While in theory we could error
+        # out like MSVC does, code might expect it to work like on Unix, so
+        # just warn and hope for the best.
+        self.warn(_runtime_library_dirs_msg)
+        return []
+
+    # -- Miscellaneous methods -----------------------------------------
+
+    def _make_out_path(self, output_dir, strip_dir, src_name):
+        # use normcase to make sure '.rc' is really '.rc' and not '.RC'
+        norm_src_name = os.path.normcase(src_name)
+        return super()._make_out_path(output_dir, strip_dir, norm_src_name)
+
+    @property
+    def out_extensions(self):
+        """
+        Add support for rc and res files.
+        """
+        return {
+            **super().out_extensions,
+            **{ext: ext + self.obj_extension for ext in ('.res', '.rc')},
+        }
+
+
+# the same as cygwin plus some additional parameters
+class MinGW32Compiler(Compiler):
+    """Handles the Mingw32 port of the GNU C compiler to Windows."""
+
+    compiler_type = 'mingw32'
+
+    def __init__(self, verbose=False, dry_run=False, force=False):
+        super().__init__(verbose, dry_run, force)
+
+        shared_option = "-shared"
+
+        if is_cygwincc(self.cc):
+            raise Error('Cygwin gcc cannot be used with --compiler=mingw32')
+
+        self.set_executables(
+            compiler=f'{self.cc} -O -Wall',
+            compiler_so=f'{self.cc} -shared -O -Wall',
+            compiler_so_cxx=f'{self.cxx} -shared -O -Wall',
+            compiler_cxx=f'{self.cxx} -O -Wall',
+            linker_exe=f'{self.cc}',
+            linker_so=f'{self.linker_dll} {shared_option}',
+            linker_exe_cxx=f'{self.cxx}',
+            linker_so_cxx=f'{self.linker_dll_cxx} {shared_option}',
+        )
+
+    def runtime_library_dir_option(self, dir):
+        raise DistutilsPlatformError(_runtime_library_dirs_msg)
+
+
+# Because these compilers aren't configured in Python's pyconfig.h file by
+# default, we should at least warn the user if he is using an unmodified
+# version.
+
+CONFIG_H_OK = "ok"
+CONFIG_H_NOTOK = "not ok"
+CONFIG_H_UNCERTAIN = "uncertain"
+
+
+def check_config_h():
+    """Check if the current Python installation appears amenable to building
+    extensions with GCC.
+
+    Returns a tuple (status, details), where 'status' is one of the following
+    constants:
+
+    - CONFIG_H_OK: all is well, go ahead and compile
+    - CONFIG_H_NOTOK: doesn't look good
+    - CONFIG_H_UNCERTAIN: not sure -- unable to read pyconfig.h
+
+    'details' is a human-readable string explaining the situation.
+
+    Note there are two ways to conclude "OK": either 'sys.version' contains
+    the string "GCC" (implying that this Python was built with GCC), or the
+    installed "pyconfig.h" contains the string "__GNUC__".
+    """
+
+    # XXX since this function also checks sys.version, it's not strictly a
+    # "pyconfig.h" check -- should probably be renamed...
+
+    from distutils import sysconfig
+
+    # if sys.version contains GCC then python was compiled with GCC, and the
+    # pyconfig.h file should be OK
+    if "GCC" in sys.version:
+        return CONFIG_H_OK, "sys.version mentions 'GCC'"
+
+    # Clang would also work
+    if "Clang" in sys.version:
+        return CONFIG_H_OK, "sys.version mentions 'Clang'"
+
+    # let's see if __GNUC__ is mentioned in python.h
+    fn = sysconfig.get_config_h_filename()
+    try:
+        config_h = pathlib.Path(fn).read_text(encoding='utf-8')
+    except OSError as exc:
+        return (CONFIG_H_UNCERTAIN, f"couldn't read '{fn}': {exc.strerror}")
+    else:
+        substring = '__GNUC__'
+        if substring in config_h:
+            code = CONFIG_H_OK
+            mention_inflected = 'mentions'
+        else:
+            code = CONFIG_H_NOTOK
+            mention_inflected = 'does not mention'
+        return code, f"{fn!r} {mention_inflected} {substring!r}"
+
+
+def is_cygwincc(cc):
+    """Try to determine if the compiler that would be used is from cygwin."""
+    out_string = check_output(shlex.split(cc) + ['-dumpmachine'])
+    return out_string.strip().endswith(b'cygwin')
+
+
+get_versions = None
+"""
+A stand-in for the previous get_versions() function to prevent failures
+when monkeypatched. See pypa/setuptools#2969.
+"""
diff --git a/distutils/compilers/C/errors.py b/distutils/compilers/C/errors.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..01328592
--- /dev/null
+++ b/distutils/compilers/C/errors.py
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+class Error(Exception):
+    """Some compile/link operation failed."""
+
+
+class PreprocessError(Error):
+    """Failure to preprocess one or more C/C++ files."""
+
+
+class CompileError(Error):
+    """Failure to compile one or more C/C++ source files."""
+
+
+class LibError(Error):
+    """Failure to create a static library from one or more C/C++ object
+    files."""
+
+
+class LinkError(Error):
+    """Failure to link one or more C/C++ object files into an executable
+    or shared library file."""
+
+
+class UnknownFileType(Error):
+    """Attempt to process an unknown file type."""
diff --git a/distutils/compilers/C/msvc.py b/distutils/compilers/C/msvc.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f69f233d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/distutils/compilers/C/msvc.py
@@ -0,0 +1,607 @@
+"""distutils._msvccompiler
+
+Contains MSVCCompiler, an implementation of the abstract CCompiler class
+for Microsoft Visual Studio 2015.
+
+This module requires VS 2015 or later.
+"""
+
+# Written by Perry Stoll
+# hacked by Robin Becker and Thomas Heller to do a better job of
+#   finding DevStudio (through the registry)
+# ported to VS 2005 and VS 2008 by Christian Heimes
+# ported to VS 2015 by Steve Dower
+
+import contextlib
+import os
+import subprocess
+import unittest.mock as mock
+import warnings
+
+with contextlib.suppress(ImportError):
+    import winreg
+
+from itertools import count
+
+from ..._log import log
+from ...errors import (
+    DistutilsExecError,
+    DistutilsPlatformError,
+)
+from ...util import get_host_platform, get_platform
+from . import base
+from .base import gen_lib_options
+from .errors import (
+    CompileError,
+    LibError,
+    LinkError,
+)
+
+
+def _find_vc2015():
+    try:
+        key = winreg.OpenKeyEx(
+            winreg.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE,
+            r"Software\Microsoft\VisualStudio\SxS\VC7",
+            access=winreg.KEY_READ | winreg.KEY_WOW64_32KEY,
+        )
+    except OSError:
+        log.debug("Visual C++ is not registered")
+        return None, None
+
+    best_version = 0
+    best_dir = None
+    with key:
+        for i in count():
+            try:
+                v, vc_dir, vt = winreg.EnumValue(key, i)
+            except OSError:
+                break
+            if v and vt == winreg.REG_SZ and os.path.isdir(vc_dir):
+                try:
+                    version = int(float(v))
+                except (ValueError, TypeError):
+                    continue
+                if version >= 14 and version > best_version:
+                    best_version, best_dir = version, vc_dir
+    return best_version, best_dir
+
+
+def _find_vc2017():
+    """Returns "15, path" based on the result of invoking vswhere.exe
+    If no install is found, returns "None, None"
+
+    The version is returned to avoid unnecessarily changing the function
+    result. It may be ignored when the path is not None.
+
+    If vswhere.exe is not available, by definition, VS 2017 is not
+    installed.
+    """
+    root = os.environ.get("ProgramFiles(x86)") or os.environ.get("ProgramFiles")
+    if not root:
+        return None, None
+
+    variant = 'arm64' if get_platform() == 'win-arm64' else 'x86.x64'
+    suitable_components = (
+        f"Microsoft.VisualStudio.Component.VC.Tools.{variant}",
+        "Microsoft.VisualStudio.Workload.WDExpress",
+    )
+
+    for component in suitable_components:
+        # Workaround for `-requiresAny` (only available on VS 2017 > 15.6)
+        with contextlib.suppress(
+            subprocess.CalledProcessError, OSError, UnicodeDecodeError
+        ):
+            path = (
+                subprocess.check_output([
+                    os.path.join(
+                        root, "Microsoft Visual Studio", "Installer", "vswhere.exe"
+                    ),
+                    "-latest",
+                    "-prerelease",
+                    "-requires",
+                    component,
+                    "-property",
+                    "installationPath",
+                    "-products",
+                    "*",
+                ])
+                .decode(encoding="mbcs", errors="strict")
+                .strip()
+            )
+
+            path = os.path.join(path, "VC", "Auxiliary", "Build")
+            if os.path.isdir(path):
+                return 15, path
+
+    return None, None  # no suitable component found
+
+
+PLAT_SPEC_TO_RUNTIME = {
+    'x86': 'x86',
+    'x86_amd64': 'x64',
+    'x86_arm': 'arm',
+    'x86_arm64': 'arm64',
+}
+
+
+def _find_vcvarsall(plat_spec):
+    # bpo-38597: Removed vcruntime return value
+    _, best_dir = _find_vc2017()
+
+    if not best_dir:
+        best_version, best_dir = _find_vc2015()
+
+    if not best_dir:
+        log.debug("No suitable Visual C++ version found")
+        return None, None
+
+    vcvarsall = os.path.join(best_dir, "vcvarsall.bat")
+    if not os.path.isfile(vcvarsall):
+        log.debug("%s cannot be found", vcvarsall)
+        return None, None
+
+    return vcvarsall, None
+
+
+def _get_vc_env(plat_spec):
+    if os.getenv("DISTUTILS_USE_SDK"):
+        return {key.lower(): value for key, value in os.environ.items()}
+
+    vcvarsall, _ = _find_vcvarsall(plat_spec)
+    if not vcvarsall:
+        raise DistutilsPlatformError(
+            'Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0 or greater is required. '
+            'Get it with "Microsoft C++ Build Tools": '
+            'https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/visual-cpp-build-tools/'
+        )
+
+    try:
+        out = subprocess.check_output(
+            f'cmd /u /c "{vcvarsall}" {plat_spec} && set',
+            stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,
+        ).decode('utf-16le', errors='replace')
+    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as exc:
+        log.error(exc.output)
+        raise DistutilsPlatformError(f"Error executing {exc.cmd}")
+
+    env = {
+        key.lower(): value
+        for key, _, value in (line.partition('=') for line in out.splitlines())
+        if key and value
+    }
+
+    return env
+
+
+def _find_exe(exe, paths=None):
+    """Return path to an MSVC executable program.
+
+    Tries to find the program in several places: first, one of the
+    MSVC program search paths from the registry; next, the directories
+    in the PATH environment variable.  If any of those work, return an
+    absolute path that is known to exist.  If none of them work, just
+    return the original program name, 'exe'.
+    """
+    if not paths:
+        paths = os.getenv('path').split(os.pathsep)
+    for p in paths:
+        fn = os.path.join(os.path.abspath(p), exe)
+        if os.path.isfile(fn):
+            return fn
+    return exe
+
+
+_vcvars_names = {
+    'win32': 'x86',
+    'win-amd64': 'amd64',
+    'win-arm32': 'arm',
+    'win-arm64': 'arm64',
+}
+
+
+def _get_vcvars_spec(host_platform, platform):
+    """
+    Given a host platform and platform, determine the spec for vcvarsall.
+
+    Uses the native MSVC host if the host platform would need expensive
+    emulation for x86.
+
+    >>> _get_vcvars_spec('win-arm64', 'win32')
+    'arm64_x86'
+    >>> _get_vcvars_spec('win-arm64', 'win-amd64')
+    'arm64_amd64'
+
+    Otherwise, always cross-compile from x86 to work with the
+    lighter-weight MSVC installs that do not include native 64-bit tools.
+
+    >>> _get_vcvars_spec('win32', 'win32')
+    'x86'
+    >>> _get_vcvars_spec('win-arm32', 'win-arm32')
+    'x86_arm'
+    >>> _get_vcvars_spec('win-amd64', 'win-arm64')
+    'x86_arm64'
+    """
+    if host_platform != 'win-arm64':
+        host_platform = 'win32'
+    vc_hp = _vcvars_names[host_platform]
+    vc_plat = _vcvars_names[platform]
+    return vc_hp if vc_hp == vc_plat else f'{vc_hp}_{vc_plat}'
+
+
+class Compiler(base.Compiler):
+    """Concrete class that implements an interface to Microsoft Visual C++,
+    as defined by the CCompiler abstract class."""
+
+    compiler_type = 'msvc'
+
+    # Just set this so CCompiler's constructor doesn't barf.  We currently
+    # don't use the 'set_executables()' bureaucracy provided by CCompiler,
+    # as it really isn't necessary for this sort of single-compiler class.
+    # Would be nice to have a consistent interface with UnixCCompiler,
+    # though, so it's worth thinking about.
+    executables = {}
+
+    # Private class data (need to distinguish C from C++ source for compiler)
+    _c_extensions = ['.c']
+    _cpp_extensions = ['.cc', '.cpp', '.cxx']
+    _rc_extensions = ['.rc']
+    _mc_extensions = ['.mc']
+
+    # Needed for the filename generation methods provided by the
+    # base class, CCompiler.
+    src_extensions = _c_extensions + _cpp_extensions + _rc_extensions + _mc_extensions
+    res_extension = '.res'
+    obj_extension = '.obj'
+    static_lib_extension = '.lib'
+    shared_lib_extension = '.dll'
+    static_lib_format = shared_lib_format = '%s%s'
+    exe_extension = '.exe'
+
+    def __init__(self, verbose=False, dry_run=False, force=False):
+        super().__init__(verbose, dry_run, force)
+        # target platform (.plat_name is consistent with 'bdist')
+        self.plat_name = None
+        self.initialized = False
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _configure(cls, vc_env):
+        """
+        Set class-level include/lib dirs.
+        """
+        cls.include_dirs = cls._parse_path(vc_env.get('include', ''))
+        cls.library_dirs = cls._parse_path(vc_env.get('lib', ''))
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _parse_path(val):
+        return [dir.rstrip(os.sep) for dir in val.split(os.pathsep) if dir]
+
+    def initialize(self, plat_name=None):
+        # multi-init means we would need to check platform same each time...
+        assert not self.initialized, "don't init multiple times"
+        if plat_name is None:
+            plat_name = get_platform()
+        # sanity check for platforms to prevent obscure errors later.
+        if plat_name not in _vcvars_names:
+            raise DistutilsPlatformError(
+                f"--plat-name must be one of {tuple(_vcvars_names)}"
+            )
+
+        plat_spec = _get_vcvars_spec(get_host_platform(), get_platform())
+
+        vc_env = _get_vc_env(plat_spec)
+        if not vc_env:
+            raise DistutilsPlatformError(
+                "Unable to find a compatible Visual Studio installation."
+            )
+        self._configure(vc_env)
+
+        self._paths = vc_env.get('path', '')
+        paths = self._paths.split(os.pathsep)
+        self.cc = _find_exe("cl.exe", paths)
+        self.linker = _find_exe("link.exe", paths)
+        self.lib = _find_exe("lib.exe", paths)
+        self.rc = _find_exe("rc.exe", paths)  # resource compiler
+        self.mc = _find_exe("mc.exe", paths)  # message compiler
+        self.mt = _find_exe("mt.exe", paths)  # message compiler
+
+        self.preprocess_options = None
+        # bpo-38597: Always compile with dynamic linking
+        # Future releases of Python 3.x will include all past
+        # versions of vcruntime*.dll for compatibility.
+        self.compile_options = ['/nologo', '/O2', '/W3', '/GL', '/DNDEBUG', '/MD']
+
+        self.compile_options_debug = [
+            '/nologo',
+            '/Od',
+            '/MDd',
+            '/Zi',
+            '/W3',
+            '/D_DEBUG',
+        ]
+
+        ldflags = ['/nologo', '/INCREMENTAL:NO', '/LTCG']
+
+        ldflags_debug = ['/nologo', '/INCREMENTAL:NO', '/LTCG', '/DEBUG:FULL']
+
+        self.ldflags_exe = [*ldflags, '/MANIFEST:EMBED,ID=1']
+        self.ldflags_exe_debug = [*ldflags_debug, '/MANIFEST:EMBED,ID=1']
+        self.ldflags_shared = [
+            *ldflags,
+            '/DLL',
+            '/MANIFEST:EMBED,ID=2',
+            '/MANIFESTUAC:NO',
+        ]
+        self.ldflags_shared_debug = [
+            *ldflags_debug,
+            '/DLL',
+            '/MANIFEST:EMBED,ID=2',
+            '/MANIFESTUAC:NO',
+        ]
+        self.ldflags_static = [*ldflags]
+        self.ldflags_static_debug = [*ldflags_debug]
+
+        self._ldflags = {
+            (base.Compiler.EXECUTABLE, None): self.ldflags_exe,
+            (base.Compiler.EXECUTABLE, False): self.ldflags_exe,
+            (base.Compiler.EXECUTABLE, True): self.ldflags_exe_debug,
+            (base.Compiler.SHARED_OBJECT, None): self.ldflags_shared,
+            (base.Compiler.SHARED_OBJECT, False): self.ldflags_shared,
+            (base.Compiler.SHARED_OBJECT, True): self.ldflags_shared_debug,
+            (base.Compiler.SHARED_LIBRARY, None): self.ldflags_static,
+            (base.Compiler.SHARED_LIBRARY, False): self.ldflags_static,
+            (base.Compiler.SHARED_LIBRARY, True): self.ldflags_static_debug,
+        }
+
+        self.initialized = True
+
+    # -- Worker methods ------------------------------------------------
+
+    @property
+    def out_extensions(self):
+        return {
+            **super().out_extensions,
+            **{
+                ext: self.res_extension
+                for ext in self._rc_extensions + self._mc_extensions
+            },
+        }
+
+    def compile(  # noqa: C901
+        self,
+        sources,
+        output_dir=None,
+        macros=None,
+        include_dirs=None,
+        debug=False,
+        extra_preargs=None,
+        extra_postargs=None,
+        depends=None,
+    ):
+        if not self.initialized:
+            self.initialize()
+        compile_info = self._setup_compile(
+            output_dir, macros, include_dirs, sources, depends, extra_postargs
+        )
+        macros, objects, extra_postargs, pp_opts, build = compile_info
+
+        compile_opts = extra_preargs or []
+        compile_opts.append('/c')
+        if debug:
+            compile_opts.extend(self.compile_options_debug)
+        else:
+            compile_opts.extend(self.compile_options)
+
+        add_cpp_opts = False
+
+        for obj in objects:
+            try:
+                src, ext = build[obj]
+            except KeyError:
+                continue
+            if debug:
+                # pass the full pathname to MSVC in debug mode,
+                # this allows the debugger to find the source file
+                # without asking the user to browse for it
+                src = os.path.abspath(src)
+
+            if ext in self._c_extensions:
+                input_opt = "/Tc" + src
+            elif ext in self._cpp_extensions:
+                input_opt = "/Tp" + src
+                add_cpp_opts = True
+            elif ext in self._rc_extensions:
+                # compile .RC to .RES file
+                input_opt = src
+                output_opt = "/fo" + obj
+                try:
+                    self.spawn([self.rc] + pp_opts + [output_opt, input_opt])
+                except DistutilsExecError as msg:
+                    raise CompileError(msg)
+                continue
+            elif ext in self._mc_extensions:
+                # Compile .MC to .RC file to .RES file.
+                #   * '-h dir' specifies the directory for the
+                #     generated include file
+                #   * '-r dir' specifies the target directory of the
+                #     generated RC file and the binary message resource
+                #     it includes
+                #
+                # For now (since there are no options to change this),
+                # we use the source-directory for the include file and
+                # the build directory for the RC file and message
+                # resources. This works at least for win32all.
+                h_dir = os.path.dirname(src)
+                rc_dir = os.path.dirname(obj)
+                try:
+                    # first compile .MC to .RC and .H file
+                    self.spawn([self.mc, '-h', h_dir, '-r', rc_dir, src])
+                    base, _ = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(src))
+                    rc_file = os.path.join(rc_dir, base + '.rc')
+                    # then compile .RC to .RES file
+                    self.spawn([self.rc, "/fo" + obj, rc_file])
+
+                except DistutilsExecError as msg:
+                    raise CompileError(msg)
+                continue
+            else:
+                # how to handle this file?
+                raise CompileError(f"Don't know how to compile {src} to {obj}")
+
+            args = [self.cc] + compile_opts + pp_opts
+            if add_cpp_opts:
+                args.append('/EHsc')
+            args.extend((input_opt, "/Fo" + obj))
+            args.extend(extra_postargs)
+
+            try:
+                self.spawn(args)
+            except DistutilsExecError as msg:
+                raise CompileError(msg)
+
+        return objects
+
+    def create_static_lib(
+        self, objects, output_libname, output_dir=None, debug=False, target_lang=None
+    ):
+        if not self.initialized:
+            self.initialize()
+        objects, output_dir = self._fix_object_args(objects, output_dir)
+        output_filename = self.library_filename(output_libname, output_dir=output_dir)
+
+        if self._need_link(objects, output_filename):
+            lib_args = objects + ['/OUT:' + output_filename]
+            if debug:
+                pass  # XXX what goes here?
+            try:
+                log.debug('Executing "%s" %s', self.lib, ' '.join(lib_args))
+                self.spawn([self.lib] + lib_args)
+            except DistutilsExecError as msg:
+                raise LibError(msg)
+        else:
+            log.debug("skipping %s (up-to-date)", output_filename)
+
+    def link(
+        self,
+        target_desc,
+        objects,
+        output_filename,
+        output_dir=None,
+        libraries=None,
+        library_dirs=None,
+        runtime_library_dirs=None,
+        export_symbols=None,
+        debug=False,
+        extra_preargs=None,
+        extra_postargs=None,
+        build_temp=None,
+        target_lang=None,
+    ):
+        if not self.initialized:
+            self.initialize()
+        objects, output_dir = self._fix_object_args(objects, output_dir)
+        fixed_args = self._fix_lib_args(libraries, library_dirs, runtime_library_dirs)
+        libraries, library_dirs, runtime_library_dirs = fixed_args
+
+        if runtime_library_dirs:
+            self.warn(
+                "I don't know what to do with 'runtime_library_dirs': "
+                + str(runtime_library_dirs)
+            )
+
+        lib_opts = gen_lib_options(self, library_dirs, runtime_library_dirs, libraries)
+        if output_dir is not None:
+            output_filename = os.path.join(output_dir, output_filename)
+
+        if self._need_link(objects, output_filename):
+            ldflags = self._ldflags[target_desc, debug]
+
+            export_opts = ["/EXPORT:" + sym for sym in (export_symbols or [])]
+
+            ld_args = (
+                ldflags + lib_opts + export_opts + objects + ['/OUT:' + output_filename]
+            )
+
+            # The MSVC linker generates .lib and .exp files, which cannot be
+            # suppressed by any linker switches. The .lib files may even be
+            # needed! Make sure they are generated in the temporary build
+            # directory. Since they have different names for debug and release
+            # builds, they can go into the same directory.
+            build_temp = os.path.dirname(objects[0])
+            if export_symbols is not None:
+                (dll_name, dll_ext) = os.path.splitext(
+                    os.path.basename(output_filename)
+                )
+                implib_file = os.path.join(build_temp, self.library_filename(dll_name))
+                ld_args.append('/IMPLIB:' + implib_file)
+
+            if extra_preargs:
+                ld_args[:0] = extra_preargs
+            if extra_postargs:
+                ld_args.extend(extra_postargs)
+
+            output_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(output_filename))
+            self.mkpath(output_dir)
+            try:
+                log.debug('Executing "%s" %s', self.linker, ' '.join(ld_args))
+                self.spawn([self.linker] + ld_args)
+            except DistutilsExecError as msg:
+                raise LinkError(msg)
+        else:
+            log.debug("skipping %s (up-to-date)", output_filename)
+
+    def spawn(self, cmd):
+        env = dict(os.environ, PATH=self._paths)
+        with self._fallback_spawn(cmd, env) as fallback:
+            return super().spawn(cmd, env=env)
+        return fallback.value
+
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def _fallback_spawn(self, cmd, env):
+        """
+        Discovered in pypa/distutils#15, some tools monkeypatch the compiler,
+        so the 'env' kwarg causes a TypeError. Detect this condition and
+        restore the legacy, unsafe behavior.
+        """
+        bag = type('Bag', (), {})()
+        try:
+            yield bag
+        except TypeError as exc:
+            if "unexpected keyword argument 'env'" not in str(exc):
+                raise
+        else:
+            return
+        warnings.warn("Fallback spawn triggered. Please update distutils monkeypatch.")
+        with mock.patch.dict('os.environ', env):
+            bag.value = super().spawn(cmd)
+
+    # -- Miscellaneous methods -----------------------------------------
+    # These are all used by the 'gen_lib_options() function, in
+    # ccompiler.py.
+
+    def library_dir_option(self, dir):
+        return "/LIBPATH:" + dir
+
+    def runtime_library_dir_option(self, dir):
+        raise DistutilsPlatformError(
+            "don't know how to set runtime library search path for MSVC"
+        )
+
+    def library_option(self, lib):
+        return self.library_filename(lib)
+
+    def find_library_file(self, dirs, lib, debug=False):
+        # Prefer a debugging library if found (and requested), but deal
+        # with it if we don't have one.
+        if debug:
+            try_names = [lib + "_d", lib]
+        else:
+            try_names = [lib]
+        for dir in dirs:
+            for name in try_names:
+                libfile = os.path.join(dir, self.library_filename(name))
+                if os.path.isfile(libfile):
+                    return libfile
+        else:
+            # Oops, didn't find it in *any* of 'dirs'
+            return None
diff --git a/distutils/tests/test_ccompiler.py b/distutils/compilers/C/tests/test_base.py
similarity index 94%
rename from distutils/tests/test_ccompiler.py
rename to distutils/compilers/C/tests/test_base.py
index d23b907c..0d6c2a95 100644
--- a/distutils/tests/test_ccompiler.py
+++ b/distutils/compilers/C/tests/test_base.py
@@ -3,10 +3,11 @@
 import sys
 import sysconfig
 import textwrap
-from distutils import ccompiler
 
 import pytest
 
+from .. import base
+
 
 def _make_strs(paths):
     """
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ def test_set_include_dirs(c_file):
     Extensions should build even if set_include_dirs is invoked.
     In particular, compiler-specific paths should not be overridden.
     """
-    compiler = ccompiler.new_compiler()
+    compiler = base.new_compiler()
     python = sysconfig.get_paths()['include']
     compiler.set_include_dirs([python])
     compiler.compile(_make_strs([c_file]))
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ def test_has_function_prototype():
     # Issue https://github.com/pypa/setuptools/issues/3648
     # Test prototype-generating behavior.
 
-    compiler = ccompiler.new_compiler()
+    compiler = base.new_compiler()
 
     # Every C implementation should have these.
     assert compiler.has_function('abort')
@@ -82,7 +83,7 @@ def test_include_dirs_after_multiple_compile_calls(c_file):
     Calling compile multiple times should not change the include dirs
     (regression test for setuptools issue #3591).
     """
-    compiler = ccompiler.new_compiler()
+    compiler = base.new_compiler()
     python = sysconfig.get_paths()['include']
     compiler.set_include_dirs([python])
     compiler.compile(_make_strs([c_file]))
diff --git a/distutils/tests/test_cygwinccompiler.py b/distutils/compilers/C/tests/test_cygwin.py
similarity index 86%
rename from distutils/tests/test_cygwinccompiler.py
rename to distutils/compilers/C/tests/test_cygwin.py
index 677bc0ac..9adf6b8e 100644
--- a/distutils/tests/test_cygwinccompiler.py
+++ b/distutils/compilers/C/tests/test_cygwin.py
@@ -3,17 +3,12 @@
 import os
 import sys
 from distutils import sysconfig
-from distutils.cygwinccompiler import (
-    CONFIG_H_NOTOK,
-    CONFIG_H_OK,
-    CONFIG_H_UNCERTAIN,
-    check_config_h,
-    get_msvcr,
-)
 from distutils.tests import support
 
 import pytest
 
+from .. import cygwin
+
 
 @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
 def stuff(request, monkeypatch, distutils_managed_tempdir):
@@ -54,24 +49,24 @@ def test_check_config_h(self):
             '4.0.1 (Apple Computer, Inc. build 5370)]'
         )
 
-        assert check_config_h()[0] == CONFIG_H_OK
+        assert cygwin.check_config_h()[0] == cygwin.CONFIG_H_OK
 
         # then it tries to see if it can find "__GNUC__" in pyconfig.h
         sys.version = 'something without the *CC word'
 
         # if the file doesn't exist it returns  CONFIG_H_UNCERTAIN
-        assert check_config_h()[0] == CONFIG_H_UNCERTAIN
+        assert cygwin.check_config_h()[0] == cygwin.CONFIG_H_UNCERTAIN
 
         # if it exists but does not contain __GNUC__, it returns CONFIG_H_NOTOK
         self.write_file(self.python_h, 'xxx')
-        assert check_config_h()[0] == CONFIG_H_NOTOK
+        assert cygwin.check_config_h()[0] == cygwin.CONFIG_H_NOTOK
 
         # and CONFIG_H_OK if __GNUC__ is found
         self.write_file(self.python_h, 'xxx __GNUC__ xxx')
-        assert check_config_h()[0] == CONFIG_H_OK
+        assert cygwin.check_config_h()[0] == cygwin.CONFIG_H_OK
 
     def test_get_msvcr(self):
-        assert get_msvcr() == []
+        assert cygwin.get_msvcr() == []
 
     @pytest.mark.skipif('sys.platform != "cygwin"')
     def test_dll_libraries_not_none(self):
diff --git a/distutils/tests/test_mingwccompiler.py b/distutils/compilers/C/tests/test_mingw.py
similarity index 63%
rename from distutils/tests/test_mingwccompiler.py
rename to distutils/compilers/C/tests/test_mingw.py
index 3e3ad505..dc45687a 100644
--- a/distutils/tests/test_mingwccompiler.py
+++ b/distutils/compilers/C/tests/test_mingw.py
@@ -1,26 +1,24 @@
 from distutils import sysconfig
-from distutils.errors import CCompilerError, DistutilsPlatformError
+from distutils.errors import DistutilsPlatformError
 from distutils.util import is_mingw, split_quoted
 
 import pytest
 
+from .. import cygwin, errors
 
-class TestMingw32CCompiler:
+
+class TestMinGW32Compiler:
     @pytest.mark.skipif(not is_mingw(), reason='not on mingw')
     def test_compiler_type(self):
-        from distutils.cygwinccompiler import Mingw32CCompiler
-
-        compiler = Mingw32CCompiler()
+        compiler = cygwin.MinGW32Compiler()
         assert compiler.compiler_type == 'mingw32'
 
     @pytest.mark.skipif(not is_mingw(), reason='not on mingw')
     def test_set_executables(self, monkeypatch):
-        from distutils.cygwinccompiler import Mingw32CCompiler
-
         monkeypatch.setenv('CC', 'cc')
         monkeypatch.setenv('CXX', 'c++')
 
-        compiler = Mingw32CCompiler()
+        compiler = cygwin.MinGW32Compiler()
 
         assert compiler.compiler == split_quoted('cc -O -Wall')
         assert compiler.compiler_so == split_quoted('cc -shared -O -Wall')
@@ -30,27 +28,21 @@ def test_set_executables(self, monkeypatch):
 
     @pytest.mark.skipif(not is_mingw(), reason='not on mingw')
     def test_runtime_library_dir_option(self):
-        from distutils.cygwinccompiler import Mingw32CCompiler
-
-        compiler = Mingw32CCompiler()
+        compiler = cygwin.MinGW32Compiler()
         with pytest.raises(DistutilsPlatformError):
             compiler.runtime_library_dir_option('/usr/lib')
 
     @pytest.mark.skipif(not is_mingw(), reason='not on mingw')
     def test_cygwincc_error(self, monkeypatch):
-        import distutils.cygwinccompiler
-
-        monkeypatch.setattr(distutils.cygwinccompiler, 'is_cygwincc', lambda _: True)
+        monkeypatch.setattr(cygwin, 'is_cygwincc', lambda _: True)
 
-        with pytest.raises(CCompilerError):
-            distutils.cygwinccompiler.Mingw32CCompiler()
+        with pytest.raises(errors.Error):
+            cygwin.MinGW32Compiler()
 
     @pytest.mark.skipif('sys.platform == "cygwin"')
     def test_customize_compiler_with_msvc_python(self):
-        from distutils.cygwinccompiler import Mingw32CCompiler
-
         # In case we have an MSVC Python build, but still want to use
-        # Mingw32CCompiler, then customize_compiler() shouldn't fail at least.
+        # MinGW32Compiler, then customize_compiler() shouldn't fail at least.
         # https://github.com/pypa/setuptools/issues/4456
-        compiler = Mingw32CCompiler()
+        compiler = cygwin.MinGW32Compiler()
         sysconfig.customize_compiler(compiler)
diff --git a/distutils/tests/test_msvccompiler.py b/distutils/compilers/C/tests/test_msvc.py
similarity index 86%
rename from distutils/tests/test_msvccompiler.py
rename to distutils/compilers/C/tests/test_msvc.py
index 71129cae..b92d28ee 100644
--- a/distutils/tests/test_msvccompiler.py
+++ b/distutils/compilers/C/tests/test_msvc.py
@@ -1,16 +1,15 @@
-"""Tests for distutils._msvccompiler."""
-
 import os
 import sys
 import threading
 import unittest.mock as mock
-from distutils import _msvccompiler
 from distutils.errors import DistutilsPlatformError
 from distutils.tests import support
 
 import pytest
 
-needs_winreg = pytest.mark.skipif('not hasattr(_msvccompiler, "winreg")')
+from .. import msvc
+
+needs_winreg = pytest.mark.skipif('not hasattr(msvc, "winreg")')
 
 
 class Testmsvccompiler(support.TempdirManager):
@@ -21,10 +20,10 @@ def test_no_compiler(self, monkeypatch):
         def _find_vcvarsall(plat_spec):
             return None, None
 
-        monkeypatch.setattr(_msvccompiler, '_find_vcvarsall', _find_vcvarsall)
+        monkeypatch.setattr(msvc, '_find_vcvarsall', _find_vcvarsall)
 
         with pytest.raises(DistutilsPlatformError):
-            _msvccompiler._get_vc_env(
+            msvc._get_vc_env(
                 'wont find this version',
             )
 
@@ -37,7 +36,7 @@ def test_get_vc_env_unicode(self):
         old_distutils_use_sdk = os.environ.pop('DISTUTILS_USE_SDK', None)
         os.environ[test_var] = test_value
         try:
-            env = _msvccompiler._get_vc_env('x86')
+            env = msvc._get_vc_env('x86')
             assert test_var.lower() in env
             assert test_value == env[test_var.lower()]
         finally:
@@ -50,7 +49,7 @@ def test_get_vc_env_unicode(self):
     def test_get_vc(self, ver):
         # This function cannot be mocked, so pass if VC is found
         # and skip otherwise.
-        lookup = getattr(_msvccompiler, f'_find_vc{ver}')
+        lookup = getattr(msvc, f'_find_vc{ver}')
         expected_version = {2015: 14, 2017: 15}[ver]
         version, path = lookup()
         if not version:
@@ -77,7 +76,7 @@ def test_concurrent_safe(self):
         """
         Concurrent calls to spawn should have consistent results.
         """
-        compiler = _msvccompiler.MSVCCompiler()
+        compiler = msvc.Compiler()
         compiler._paths = "expected"
         inner_cmd = 'import os; assert os.environ["PATH"] == "expected"'
         command = [sys.executable, '-c', inner_cmd]
@@ -98,7 +97,7 @@ def test_concurrent_safe_fallback(self):
         """
         from distutils import ccompiler
 
-        compiler = _msvccompiler.MSVCCompiler()
+        compiler = msvc.Compiler()
         compiler._paths = "expected"
 
         def CCompiler_spawn(self, cmd):
diff --git a/distutils/tests/test_unixccompiler.py b/distutils/compilers/C/tests/test_unix.py
similarity index 98%
rename from distutils/tests/test_unixccompiler.py
rename to distutils/compilers/C/tests/test_unix.py
index 50b66544..dd070eef 100644
--- a/distutils/tests/test_unixccompiler.py
+++ b/distutils/compilers/C/tests/test_unix.py
@@ -6,13 +6,13 @@
 from distutils import sysconfig
 from distutils.compat import consolidate_linker_args
 from distutils.errors import DistutilsPlatformError
-from distutils.unixccompiler import UnixCCompiler
+from distutils.tests import support
+from distutils.tests.compat.py38 import EnvironmentVarGuard
 from distutils.util import _clear_cached_macosx_ver
 
 import pytest
 
-from . import support
-from .compat.py38 import EnvironmentVarGuard
+from .. import unix
 
 
 @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ def save_values(monkeypatch):
 
 @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
 def compiler_wrapper(request):
-    class CompilerWrapper(UnixCCompiler):
+    class CompilerWrapper(unix.Compiler):
         def rpath_foo(self):
             return self.runtime_library_dir_option('/foo')
 
@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ def test_has_function(self):
         self.cc.has_function('abort')
 
     def test_find_library_file(self, monkeypatch):
-        compiler = UnixCCompiler()
+        compiler = unix.Compiler()
         compiler._library_root = lambda dir: dir
         monkeypatch.setattr(os.path, 'exists', lambda d: 'existing' in d)
 
diff --git a/distutils/compilers/C/unix.py b/distutils/compilers/C/unix.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1ba93e6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/distutils/compilers/C/unix.py
@@ -0,0 +1,408 @@
+"""distutils.unixccompiler
+
+Contains the UnixCCompiler class, a subclass of CCompiler that handles
+the "typical" Unix-style command-line C compiler:
+  * macros defined with -Dname[=value]
+  * macros undefined with -Uname
+  * include search directories specified with -Idir
+  * libraries specified with -lllib
+  * library search directories specified with -Ldir
+  * compile handled by 'cc' (or similar) executable with -c option:
+    compiles .c to .o
+  * link static library handled by 'ar' command (possibly with 'ranlib')
+  * link shared library handled by 'cc -shared'
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import itertools
+import os
+import re
+import shlex
+import sys
+
+from ... import sysconfig
+from ..._log import log
+from ..._macos_compat import compiler_fixup
+from ..._modified import newer
+from ...compat import consolidate_linker_args
+from ...errors import DistutilsExecError
+from . import base
+from .base import gen_lib_options, gen_preprocess_options
+from .errors import (
+    CompileError,
+    LibError,
+    LinkError,
+)
+
+# XXX Things not currently handled:
+#   * optimization/debug/warning flags; we just use whatever's in Python's
+#     Makefile and live with it.  Is this adequate?  If not, we might
+#     have to have a bunch of subclasses GNUCCompiler, SGICCompiler,
+#     SunCCompiler, and I suspect down that road lies madness.
+#   * even if we don't know a warning flag from an optimization flag,
+#     we need some way for outsiders to feed preprocessor/compiler/linker
+#     flags in to us -- eg. a sysadmin might want to mandate certain flags
+#     via a site config file, or a user might want to set something for
+#     compiling this module distribution only via the setup.py command
+#     line, whatever.  As long as these options come from something on the
+#     current system, they can be as system-dependent as they like, and we
+#     should just happily stuff them into the preprocessor/compiler/linker
+#     options and carry on.
+
+
+def _split_env(cmd):
+    """
+    For macOS, split command into 'env' portion (if any)
+    and the rest of the linker command.
+
+    >>> _split_env(['a', 'b', 'c'])
+    ([], ['a', 'b', 'c'])
+    >>> _split_env(['/usr/bin/env', 'A=3', 'gcc'])
+    (['/usr/bin/env', 'A=3'], ['gcc'])
+    """
+    pivot = 0
+    if os.path.basename(cmd[0]) == "env":
+        pivot = 1
+        while '=' in cmd[pivot]:
+            pivot += 1
+    return cmd[:pivot], cmd[pivot:]
+
+
+def _split_aix(cmd):
+    """
+    AIX platforms prefix the compiler with the ld_so_aix
+    script, so split that from the linker command.
+
+    >>> _split_aix(['a', 'b', 'c'])
+    ([], ['a', 'b', 'c'])
+    >>> _split_aix(['/bin/foo/ld_so_aix', 'gcc'])
+    (['/bin/foo/ld_so_aix'], ['gcc'])
+    """
+    pivot = os.path.basename(cmd[0]) == 'ld_so_aix'
+    return cmd[:pivot], cmd[pivot:]
+
+
+def _linker_params(linker_cmd, compiler_cmd):
+    """
+    The linker command usually begins with the compiler
+    command (possibly multiple elements), followed by zero or more
+    params for shared library building.
+
+    If the LDSHARED env variable overrides the linker command,
+    however, the commands may not match.
+
+    Return the best guess of the linker parameters by stripping
+    the linker command. If the compiler command does not
+    match the linker command, assume the linker command is
+    just the first element.
+
+    >>> _linker_params('gcc foo bar'.split(), ['gcc'])
+    ['foo', 'bar']
+    >>> _linker_params('gcc foo bar'.split(), ['other'])
+    ['foo', 'bar']
+    >>> _linker_params('ccache gcc foo bar'.split(), 'ccache gcc'.split())
+    ['foo', 'bar']
+    >>> _linker_params(['gcc'], ['gcc'])
+    []
+    """
+    c_len = len(compiler_cmd)
+    pivot = c_len if linker_cmd[:c_len] == compiler_cmd else 1
+    return linker_cmd[pivot:]
+
+
+class Compiler(base.Compiler):
+    compiler_type = 'unix'
+
+    # These are used by CCompiler in two places: the constructor sets
+    # instance attributes 'preprocessor', 'compiler', etc. from them, and
+    # 'set_executable()' allows any of these to be set.  The defaults here
+    # are pretty generic; they will probably have to be set by an outsider
+    # (eg. using information discovered by the sysconfig about building
+    # Python extensions).
+    executables = {
+        'preprocessor': None,
+        'compiler': ["cc"],
+        'compiler_so': ["cc"],
+        'compiler_cxx': ["c++"],
+        'compiler_so_cxx': ["c++"],
+        'linker_so': ["cc", "-shared"],
+        'linker_so_cxx': ["c++", "-shared"],
+        'linker_exe': ["cc"],
+        'linker_exe_cxx': ["c++", "-shared"],
+        'archiver': ["ar", "-cr"],
+        'ranlib': None,
+    }
+
+    if sys.platform[:6] == "darwin":
+        executables['ranlib'] = ["ranlib"]
+
+    # Needed for the filename generation methods provided by the base
+    # class, CCompiler.  NB. whoever instantiates/uses a particular
+    # UnixCCompiler instance should set 'shared_lib_ext' -- we set a
+    # reasonable common default here, but it's not necessarily used on all
+    # Unices!
+
+    src_extensions = [".c", ".C", ".cc", ".cxx", ".cpp", ".m"]
+    obj_extension = ".o"
+    static_lib_extension = ".a"
+    shared_lib_extension = ".so"
+    dylib_lib_extension = ".dylib"
+    xcode_stub_lib_extension = ".tbd"
+    static_lib_format = shared_lib_format = dylib_lib_format = "lib%s%s"
+    xcode_stub_lib_format = dylib_lib_format
+    if sys.platform == "cygwin":
+        exe_extension = ".exe"
+        shared_lib_extension = ".dll.a"
+        dylib_lib_extension = ".dll"
+        dylib_lib_format = "cyg%s%s"
+
+    def preprocess(
+        self,
+        source,
+        output_file=None,
+        macros=None,
+        include_dirs=None,
+        extra_preargs=None,
+        extra_postargs=None,
+    ):
+        fixed_args = self._fix_compile_args(None, macros, include_dirs)
+        ignore, macros, include_dirs = fixed_args
+        pp_opts = gen_preprocess_options(macros, include_dirs)
+        pp_args = self.preprocessor + pp_opts
+        if output_file:
+            pp_args.extend(['-o', output_file])
+        if extra_preargs:
+            pp_args[:0] = extra_preargs
+        if extra_postargs:
+            pp_args.extend(extra_postargs)
+        pp_args.append(source)
+
+        # reasons to preprocess:
+        # - force is indicated
+        # - output is directed to stdout
+        # - source file is newer than the target
+        preprocess = self.force or output_file is None or newer(source, output_file)
+        if not preprocess:
+            return
+
+        if output_file:
+            self.mkpath(os.path.dirname(output_file))
+
+        try:
+            self.spawn(pp_args)
+        except DistutilsExecError as msg:
+            raise CompileError(msg)
+
+    def _compile(self, obj, src, ext, cc_args, extra_postargs, pp_opts):
+        compiler_so = compiler_fixup(self.compiler_so, cc_args + extra_postargs)
+        compiler_so_cxx = compiler_fixup(self.compiler_so_cxx, cc_args + extra_postargs)
+        try:
+            if self.detect_language(src) == 'c++':
+                self.spawn(
+                    compiler_so_cxx + cc_args + [src, '-o', obj] + extra_postargs
+                )
+            else:
+                self.spawn(compiler_so + cc_args + [src, '-o', obj] + extra_postargs)
+        except DistutilsExecError as msg:
+            raise CompileError(msg)
+
+    def create_static_lib(
+        self, objects, output_libname, output_dir=None, debug=False, target_lang=None
+    ):
+        objects, output_dir = self._fix_object_args(objects, output_dir)
+
+        output_filename = self.library_filename(output_libname, output_dir=output_dir)
+
+        if self._need_link(objects, output_filename):
+            self.mkpath(os.path.dirname(output_filename))
+            self.spawn(self.archiver + [output_filename] + objects + self.objects)
+
+            # Not many Unices required ranlib anymore -- SunOS 4.x is, I
+            # think the only major Unix that does.  Maybe we need some
+            # platform intelligence here to skip ranlib if it's not
+            # needed -- or maybe Python's configure script took care of
+            # it for us, hence the check for leading colon.
+            if self.ranlib:
+                try:
+                    self.spawn(self.ranlib + [output_filename])
+                except DistutilsExecError as msg:
+                    raise LibError(msg)
+        else:
+            log.debug("skipping %s (up-to-date)", output_filename)
+
+    def link(
+        self,
+        target_desc,
+        objects,
+        output_filename,
+        output_dir=None,
+        libraries=None,
+        library_dirs=None,
+        runtime_library_dirs=None,
+        export_symbols=None,
+        debug=False,
+        extra_preargs=None,
+        extra_postargs=None,
+        build_temp=None,
+        target_lang=None,
+    ):
+        objects, output_dir = self._fix_object_args(objects, output_dir)
+        fixed_args = self._fix_lib_args(libraries, library_dirs, runtime_library_dirs)
+        libraries, library_dirs, runtime_library_dirs = fixed_args
+
+        lib_opts = gen_lib_options(self, library_dirs, runtime_library_dirs, libraries)
+        if not isinstance(output_dir, (str, type(None))):
+            raise TypeError("'output_dir' must be a string or None")
+        if output_dir is not None:
+            output_filename = os.path.join(output_dir, output_filename)
+
+        if self._need_link(objects, output_filename):
+            ld_args = objects + self.objects + lib_opts + ['-o', output_filename]
+            if debug:
+                ld_args[:0] = ['-g']
+            if extra_preargs:
+                ld_args[:0] = extra_preargs
+            if extra_postargs:
+                ld_args.extend(extra_postargs)
+            self.mkpath(os.path.dirname(output_filename))
+            try:
+                # Select a linker based on context: linker_exe when
+                # building an executable or linker_so (with shared options)
+                # when building a shared library.
+                building_exe = target_desc == base.Compiler.EXECUTABLE
+                linker = (
+                    self.linker_exe
+                    if building_exe
+                    else (
+                        self.linker_so_cxx if target_lang == "c++" else self.linker_so
+                    )
+                )[:]
+
+                if target_lang == "c++" and self.compiler_cxx:
+                    env, linker_ne = _split_env(linker)
+                    aix, linker_na = _split_aix(linker_ne)
+                    _, compiler_cxx_ne = _split_env(self.compiler_cxx)
+                    _, linker_exe_ne = _split_env(self.linker_exe)
+
+                    params = _linker_params(linker_na, linker_exe_ne)
+                    linker = env + aix + compiler_cxx_ne + params
+
+                linker = compiler_fixup(linker, ld_args)
+
+                self.spawn(linker + ld_args)
+            except DistutilsExecError as msg:
+                raise LinkError(msg)
+        else:
+            log.debug("skipping %s (up-to-date)", output_filename)
+
+    # -- Miscellaneous methods -----------------------------------------
+    # These are all used by the 'gen_lib_options() function, in
+    # ccompiler.py.
+
+    def library_dir_option(self, dir):
+        return "-L" + dir
+
+    def _is_gcc(self):
+        cc_var = sysconfig.get_config_var("CC")
+        compiler = os.path.basename(shlex.split(cc_var)[0])
+        return "gcc" in compiler or "g++" in compiler
+
+    def runtime_library_dir_option(self, dir: str) -> str | list[str]:
+        # XXX Hackish, at the very least.  See Python bug #445902:
+        # https://bugs.python.org/issue445902
+        # Linkers on different platforms need different options to
+        # specify that directories need to be added to the list of
+        # directories searched for dependencies when a dynamic library
+        # is sought.  GCC on GNU systems (Linux, FreeBSD, ...) has to
+        # be told to pass the -R option through to the linker, whereas
+        # other compilers and gcc on other systems just know this.
+        # Other compilers may need something slightly different.  At
+        # this time, there's no way to determine this information from
+        # the configuration data stored in the Python installation, so
+        # we use this hack.
+        if sys.platform[:6] == "darwin":
+            from distutils.util import get_macosx_target_ver, split_version
+
+            macosx_target_ver = get_macosx_target_ver()
+            if macosx_target_ver and split_version(macosx_target_ver) >= [10, 5]:
+                return "-Wl,-rpath," + dir
+            else:  # no support for -rpath on earlier macOS versions
+                return "-L" + dir
+        elif sys.platform[:7] == "freebsd":
+            return "-Wl,-rpath=" + dir
+        elif sys.platform[:5] == "hp-ux":
+            return [
+                "-Wl,+s" if self._is_gcc() else "+s",
+                "-L" + dir,
+            ]
+
+        # For all compilers, `-Wl` is the presumed way to pass a
+        # compiler option to the linker
+        if sysconfig.get_config_var("GNULD") == "yes":
+            return consolidate_linker_args([
+                # Force RUNPATH instead of RPATH
+                "-Wl,--enable-new-dtags",
+                "-Wl,-rpath," + dir,
+            ])
+        else:
+            return "-Wl,-R" + dir
+
+    def library_option(self, lib):
+        return "-l" + lib
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _library_root(dir):
+        """
+        macOS users can specify an alternate SDK using'-isysroot'.
+        Calculate the SDK root if it is specified.
+
+        Note that, as of Xcode 7, Apple SDKs may contain textual stub
+        libraries with .tbd extensions rather than the normal .dylib
+        shared libraries installed in /.  The Apple compiler tool
+        chain handles this transparently but it can cause problems
+        for programs that are being built with an SDK and searching
+        for specific libraries.  Callers of find_library_file need to
+        keep in mind that the base filename of the returned SDK library
+        file might have a different extension from that of the library
+        file installed on the running system, for example:
+          /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/
+              MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.11.sdk/
+              usr/lib/libedit.tbd
+        vs
+          /usr/lib/libedit.dylib
+        """
+        cflags = sysconfig.get_config_var('CFLAGS')
+        match = re.search(r'-isysroot\s*(\S+)', cflags)
+
+        apply_root = (
+            sys.platform == 'darwin'
+            and match
+            and (
+                dir.startswith('/System/')
+                or (dir.startswith('/usr/') and not dir.startswith('/usr/local/'))
+            )
+        )
+
+        return os.path.join(match.group(1), dir[1:]) if apply_root else dir
+
+    def find_library_file(self, dirs, lib, debug=False):
+        """
+        Second-guess the linker with not much hard
+        data to go on: GCC seems to prefer the shared library, so
+        assume that *all* Unix C compilers do,
+        ignoring even GCC's "-static" option.
+        """
+        lib_names = (
+            self.library_filename(lib, lib_type=type)
+            for type in 'dylib xcode_stub shared static'.split()
+        )
+
+        roots = map(self._library_root, dirs)
+
+        searched = itertools.starmap(os.path.join, itertools.product(roots, lib_names))
+
+        found = filter(os.path.exists, searched)
+
+        # Return None if it could not be found in any dir.
+        return next(found, None)
diff --git a/distutils/compilers/C/zos.py b/distutils/compilers/C/zos.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..82d017fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/distutils/compilers/C/zos.py
@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+"""distutils.zosccompiler
+
+Contains the selection of the c & c++ compilers on z/OS. There are several
+different c compilers on z/OS, all of them are optional, so the correct
+one needs to be chosen based on the users input. This is compatible with
+the following compilers:
+
+IBM C/C++ For Open Enterprise Languages on z/OS 2.0
+IBM Open XL C/C++ 1.1 for z/OS
+IBM XL C/C++ V2.4.1 for z/OS 2.4 and 2.5
+IBM z/OS XL C/C++
+"""
+
+import os
+
+from ... import sysconfig
+from ...errors import DistutilsExecError
+from . import unix
+from .errors import CompileError
+
+_cc_args = {
+    'ibm-openxl': [
+        '-m64',
+        '-fvisibility=default',
+        '-fzos-le-char-mode=ascii',
+        '-fno-short-enums',
+    ],
+    'ibm-xlclang': [
+        '-q64',
+        '-qexportall',
+        '-qascii',
+        '-qstrict',
+        '-qnocsect',
+        '-Wa,asa,goff',
+        '-Wa,xplink',
+        '-qgonumber',
+        '-qenum=int',
+        '-Wc,DLL',
+    ],
+    'ibm-xlc': [
+        '-q64',
+        '-qexportall',
+        '-qascii',
+        '-qstrict',
+        '-qnocsect',
+        '-Wa,asa,goff',
+        '-Wa,xplink',
+        '-qgonumber',
+        '-qenum=int',
+        '-Wc,DLL',
+        '-qlanglvl=extc99',
+    ],
+}
+
+_cxx_args = {
+    'ibm-openxl': [
+        '-m64',
+        '-fvisibility=default',
+        '-fzos-le-char-mode=ascii',
+        '-fno-short-enums',
+    ],
+    'ibm-xlclang': [
+        '-q64',
+        '-qexportall',
+        '-qascii',
+        '-qstrict',
+        '-qnocsect',
+        '-Wa,asa,goff',
+        '-Wa,xplink',
+        '-qgonumber',
+        '-qenum=int',
+        '-Wc,DLL',
+    ],
+    'ibm-xlc': [
+        '-q64',
+        '-qexportall',
+        '-qascii',
+        '-qstrict',
+        '-qnocsect',
+        '-Wa,asa,goff',
+        '-Wa,xplink',
+        '-qgonumber',
+        '-qenum=int',
+        '-Wc,DLL',
+        '-qlanglvl=extended0x',
+    ],
+}
+
+_asm_args = {
+    'ibm-openxl': ['-fasm', '-fno-integrated-as', '-Wa,--ASA', '-Wa,--GOFF'],
+    'ibm-xlclang': [],
+    'ibm-xlc': [],
+}
+
+_ld_args = {
+    'ibm-openxl': [],
+    'ibm-xlclang': ['-Wl,dll', '-q64'],
+    'ibm-xlc': ['-Wl,dll', '-q64'],
+}
+
+
+# Python on z/OS is built with no compiler specific options in it's CFLAGS.
+# But each compiler requires it's own specific options to build successfully,
+# though some of the options are common between them
+class Compiler(unix.Compiler):
+    src_extensions = ['.c', '.C', '.cc', '.cxx', '.cpp', '.m', '.s']
+    _cpp_extensions = ['.cc', '.cpp', '.cxx', '.C']
+    _asm_extensions = ['.s']
+
+    def _get_zos_compiler_name(self):
+        zos_compiler_names = [
+            os.path.basename(binary)
+            for envvar in ('CC', 'CXX', 'LDSHARED')
+            if (binary := os.environ.get(envvar, None))
+        ]
+        if len(zos_compiler_names) == 0:
+            return 'ibm-openxl'
+
+        zos_compilers = {}
+        for compiler in (
+            'ibm-clang',
+            'ibm-clang64',
+            'ibm-clang++',
+            'ibm-clang++64',
+            'clang',
+            'clang++',
+            'clang-14',
+        ):
+            zos_compilers[compiler] = 'ibm-openxl'
+
+        for compiler in ('xlclang', 'xlclang++', 'njsc', 'njsc++'):
+            zos_compilers[compiler] = 'ibm-xlclang'
+
+        for compiler in ('xlc', 'xlC', 'xlc++'):
+            zos_compilers[compiler] = 'ibm-xlc'
+
+        return zos_compilers.get(zos_compiler_names[0], 'ibm-openxl')
+
+    def __init__(self, verbose=False, dry_run=False, force=False):
+        super().__init__(verbose, dry_run, force)
+        self.zos_compiler = self._get_zos_compiler_name()
+        sysconfig.customize_compiler(self)
+
+    def _compile(self, obj, src, ext, cc_args, extra_postargs, pp_opts):
+        local_args = []
+        if ext in self._cpp_extensions:
+            compiler = self.compiler_cxx
+            local_args.extend(_cxx_args[self.zos_compiler])
+        elif ext in self._asm_extensions:
+            compiler = self.compiler_so
+            local_args.extend(_cc_args[self.zos_compiler])
+            local_args.extend(_asm_args[self.zos_compiler])
+        else:
+            compiler = self.compiler_so
+            local_args.extend(_cc_args[self.zos_compiler])
+        local_args.extend(cc_args)
+
+        try:
+            self.spawn(compiler + local_args + [src, '-o', obj] + extra_postargs)
+        except DistutilsExecError as msg:
+            raise CompileError(msg)
+
+    def runtime_library_dir_option(self, dir):
+        return '-L' + dir
+
+    def link(
+        self,
+        target_desc,
+        objects,
+        output_filename,
+        output_dir=None,
+        libraries=None,
+        library_dirs=None,
+        runtime_library_dirs=None,
+        export_symbols=None,
+        debug=False,
+        extra_preargs=None,
+        extra_postargs=None,
+        build_temp=None,
+        target_lang=None,
+    ):
+        # For a built module to use functions from cpython, it needs to use Pythons
+        # side deck file. The side deck is located beside the libpython3.xx.so
+        ldversion = sysconfig.get_config_var('LDVERSION')
+        if sysconfig.python_build:
+            side_deck_path = os.path.join(
+                sysconfig.get_config_var('abs_builddir'),
+                f'libpython{ldversion}.x',
+            )
+        else:
+            side_deck_path = os.path.join(
+                sysconfig.get_config_var('installed_base'),
+                sysconfig.get_config_var('platlibdir'),
+                f'libpython{ldversion}.x',
+            )
+
+        if os.path.exists(side_deck_path):
+            if extra_postargs:
+                extra_postargs.append(side_deck_path)
+            else:
+                extra_postargs = [side_deck_path]
+
+        # Check and replace libraries included side deck files
+        if runtime_library_dirs:
+            for dir in runtime_library_dirs:
+                for library in libraries[:]:
+                    library_side_deck = os.path.join(dir, f'{library}.x')
+                    if os.path.exists(library_side_deck):
+                        libraries.remove(library)
+                        extra_postargs.append(library_side_deck)
+                        break
+
+        # Any required ld args for the given compiler
+        extra_postargs.extend(_ld_args[self.zos_compiler])
+
+        super().link(
+            target_desc,
+            objects,
+            output_filename,
+            output_dir,
+            libraries,
+            library_dirs,
+            runtime_library_dirs,
+            export_symbols,
+            debug,
+            extra_preargs,
+            extra_postargs,
+            build_temp,
+            target_lang,
+        )
diff --git a/distutils/cygwinccompiler.py b/distutils/cygwinccompiler.py
index 18b1b355..de89e3cd 100644
--- a/distutils/cygwinccompiler.py
+++ b/distutils/cygwinccompiler.py
@@ -1,330 +1,27 @@
-"""distutils.cygwinccompiler
-
-Provides the CygwinCCompiler class, a subclass of UnixCCompiler that
-handles the Cygwin port of the GNU C compiler to Windows.  It also contains
-the Mingw32CCompiler class which handles the mingw32 port of GCC (same as
-cygwin in no-cygwin mode).
-"""
-
-import copy
-import os
-import pathlib
-import shlex
-import sys
-import warnings
-from subprocess import check_output
-
-from .errors import (
-    CCompilerError,
-    CompileError,
-    DistutilsExecError,
-    DistutilsPlatformError,
+from .compilers.C import cygwin
+from .compilers.C.cygwin import (
+    CONFIG_H_NOTOK,
+    CONFIG_H_OK,
+    CONFIG_H_UNCERTAIN,
+    check_config_h,
+    get_msvcr,
+    is_cygwincc,
 )
-from .file_util import write_file
-from .unixccompiler import UnixCCompiler
-from .version import LooseVersion, suppress_known_deprecation
-
-
-def get_msvcr():
-    """No longer needed, but kept for backward compatibility."""
-    return []
-
-
-_runtime_library_dirs_msg = (
-    "Unable to set runtime library search path on Windows, "
-    "usually indicated by `runtime_library_dirs` parameter to Extension"
-)
-
-
-class CygwinCCompiler(UnixCCompiler):
-    """Handles the Cygwin port of the GNU C compiler to Windows."""
-
-    compiler_type = 'cygwin'
-    obj_extension = ".o"
-    static_lib_extension = ".a"
-    shared_lib_extension = ".dll.a"
-    dylib_lib_extension = ".dll"
-    static_lib_format = "lib%s%s"
-    shared_lib_format = "lib%s%s"
-    dylib_lib_format = "cyg%s%s"
-    exe_extension = ".exe"
-
-    def __init__(self, verbose=False, dry_run=False, force=False):
-        super().__init__(verbose, dry_run, force)
-
-        status, details = check_config_h()
-        self.debug_print(f"Python's GCC status: {status} (details: {details})")
-        if status is not CONFIG_H_OK:
-            self.warn(
-                "Python's pyconfig.h doesn't seem to support your compiler. "
-                f"Reason: {details}. "
-                "Compiling may fail because of undefined preprocessor macros."
-            )
-
-        self.cc = os.environ.get('CC', 'gcc')
-        self.cxx = os.environ.get('CXX', 'g++')
-
-        self.linker_dll = self.cc
-        self.linker_dll_cxx = self.cxx
-        shared_option = "-shared"
-
-        self.set_executables(
-            compiler=f'{self.cc} -mcygwin -O -Wall',
-            compiler_so=f'{self.cc} -mcygwin -mdll -O -Wall',
-            compiler_cxx=f'{self.cxx} -mcygwin -O -Wall',
-            compiler_so_cxx=f'{self.cxx} -mcygwin -mdll -O -Wall',
-            linker_exe=f'{self.cc} -mcygwin',
-            linker_so=f'{self.linker_dll} -mcygwin {shared_option}',
-            linker_exe_cxx=f'{self.cxx} -mcygwin',
-            linker_so_cxx=f'{self.linker_dll_cxx} -mcygwin {shared_option}',
-        )
-
-        self.dll_libraries = get_msvcr()
-
-    @property
-    def gcc_version(self):
-        # Older numpy depended on this existing to check for ancient
-        # gcc versions. This doesn't make much sense with clang etc so
-        # just hardcode to something recent.
-        # https://github.com/numpy/numpy/pull/20333
-        warnings.warn(
-            "gcc_version attribute of CygwinCCompiler is deprecated. "
-            "Instead of returning actual gcc version a fixed value 11.2.0 is returned.",
-            DeprecationWarning,
-            stacklevel=2,
-        )
-        with suppress_known_deprecation():
-            return LooseVersion("11.2.0")
-
-    def _compile(self, obj, src, ext, cc_args, extra_postargs, pp_opts):
-        """Compiles the source by spawning GCC and windres if needed."""
-        if ext in ('.rc', '.res'):
-            # gcc needs '.res' and '.rc' compiled to object files !!!
-            try:
-                self.spawn(["windres", "-i", src, "-o", obj])
-            except DistutilsExecError as msg:
-                raise CompileError(msg)
-        else:  # for other files use the C-compiler
-            try:
-                if self.detect_language(src) == 'c++':
-                    self.spawn(
-                        self.compiler_so_cxx
-                        + cc_args
-                        + [src, '-o', obj]
-                        + extra_postargs
-                    )
-                else:
-                    self.spawn(
-                        self.compiler_so + cc_args + [src, '-o', obj] + extra_postargs
-                    )
-            except DistutilsExecError as msg:
-                raise CompileError(msg)
-
-    def link(
-        self,
-        target_desc,
-        objects,
-        output_filename,
-        output_dir=None,
-        libraries=None,
-        library_dirs=None,
-        runtime_library_dirs=None,
-        export_symbols=None,
-        debug=False,
-        extra_preargs=None,
-        extra_postargs=None,
-        build_temp=None,
-        target_lang=None,
-    ):
-        """Link the objects."""
-        # use separate copies, so we can modify the lists
-        extra_preargs = copy.copy(extra_preargs or [])
-        libraries = copy.copy(libraries or [])
-        objects = copy.copy(objects or [])
-
-        if runtime_library_dirs:
-            self.warn(_runtime_library_dirs_msg)
-
-        # Additional libraries
-        libraries.extend(self.dll_libraries)
-
-        # handle export symbols by creating a def-file
-        # with executables this only works with gcc/ld as linker
-        if (export_symbols is not None) and (
-            target_desc != self.EXECUTABLE or self.linker_dll == "gcc"
-        ):
-            # (The linker doesn't do anything if output is up-to-date.
-            # So it would probably better to check if we really need this,
-            # but for this we had to insert some unchanged parts of
-            # UnixCCompiler, and this is not what we want.)
-
-            # we want to put some files in the same directory as the
-            # object files are, build_temp doesn't help much
-            # where are the object files
-            temp_dir = os.path.dirname(objects[0])
-            # name of dll to give the helper files the same base name
-            (dll_name, dll_extension) = os.path.splitext(
-                os.path.basename(output_filename)
-            )
-
-            # generate the filenames for these files
-            def_file = os.path.join(temp_dir, dll_name + ".def")
-
-            # Generate .def file
-            contents = [f"LIBRARY {os.path.basename(output_filename)}", "EXPORTS"]
-            contents.extend(export_symbols)
-            self.execute(write_file, (def_file, contents), f"writing {def_file}")
-
-            # next add options for def-file
-
-            # for gcc/ld the def-file is specified as any object files
-            objects.append(def_file)
-
-        # end: if ((export_symbols is not None) and
-        #        (target_desc != self.EXECUTABLE or self.linker_dll == "gcc")):
-
-        # who wants symbols and a many times larger output file
-        # should explicitly switch the debug mode on
-        # otherwise we let ld strip the output file
-        # (On my machine: 10KiB < stripped_file < ??100KiB
-        #   unstripped_file = stripped_file + XXX KiB
-        #  ( XXX=254 for a typical python extension))
-        if not debug:
-            extra_preargs.append("-s")
-
-        UnixCCompiler.link(
-            self,
-            target_desc,
-            objects,
-            output_filename,
-            output_dir,
-            libraries,
-            library_dirs,
-            runtime_library_dirs,
-            None,  # export_symbols, we do this in our def-file
-            debug,
-            extra_preargs,
-            extra_postargs,
-            build_temp,
-            target_lang,
-        )
-
-    def runtime_library_dir_option(self, dir):
-        # cygwin doesn't support rpath. While in theory we could error
-        # out like MSVC does, code might expect it to work like on Unix, so
-        # just warn and hope for the best.
-        self.warn(_runtime_library_dirs_msg)
-        return []
-
-    # -- Miscellaneous methods -----------------------------------------
-
-    def _make_out_path(self, output_dir, strip_dir, src_name):
-        # use normcase to make sure '.rc' is really '.rc' and not '.RC'
-        norm_src_name = os.path.normcase(src_name)
-        return super()._make_out_path(output_dir, strip_dir, norm_src_name)
-
-    @property
-    def out_extensions(self):
-        """
-        Add support for rc and res files.
-        """
-        return {
-            **super().out_extensions,
-            **{ext: ext + self.obj_extension for ext in ('.res', '.rc')},
-        }
-
-
-# the same as cygwin plus some additional parameters
-class Mingw32CCompiler(CygwinCCompiler):
-    """Handles the Mingw32 port of the GNU C compiler to Windows."""
-
-    compiler_type = 'mingw32'
-
-    def __init__(self, verbose=False, dry_run=False, force=False):
-        super().__init__(verbose, dry_run, force)
-
-        shared_option = "-shared"
-
-        if is_cygwincc(self.cc):
-            raise CCompilerError('Cygwin gcc cannot be used with --compiler=mingw32')
-
-        self.set_executables(
-            compiler=f'{self.cc} -O -Wall',
-            compiler_so=f'{self.cc} -shared -O -Wall',
-            compiler_so_cxx=f'{self.cxx} -shared -O -Wall',
-            compiler_cxx=f'{self.cxx} -O -Wall',
-            linker_exe=f'{self.cc}',
-            linker_so=f'{self.linker_dll} {shared_option}',
-            linker_exe_cxx=f'{self.cxx}',
-            linker_so_cxx=f'{self.linker_dll_cxx} {shared_option}',
-        )
-
-    def runtime_library_dir_option(self, dir):
-        raise DistutilsPlatformError(_runtime_library_dirs_msg)
-
-
-# Because these compilers aren't configured in Python's pyconfig.h file by
-# default, we should at least warn the user if he is using an unmodified
-# version.
-
-CONFIG_H_OK = "ok"
-CONFIG_H_NOTOK = "not ok"
-CONFIG_H_UNCERTAIN = "uncertain"
-
-
-def check_config_h():
-    """Check if the current Python installation appears amenable to building
-    extensions with GCC.
-
-    Returns a tuple (status, details), where 'status' is one of the following
-    constants:
-
-    - CONFIG_H_OK: all is well, go ahead and compile
-    - CONFIG_H_NOTOK: doesn't look good
-    - CONFIG_H_UNCERTAIN: not sure -- unable to read pyconfig.h
-
-    'details' is a human-readable string explaining the situation.
-
-    Note there are two ways to conclude "OK": either 'sys.version' contains
-    the string "GCC" (implying that this Python was built with GCC), or the
-    installed "pyconfig.h" contains the string "__GNUC__".
-    """
-
-    # XXX since this function also checks sys.version, it's not strictly a
-    # "pyconfig.h" check -- should probably be renamed...
-
-    from distutils import sysconfig
-
-    # if sys.version contains GCC then python was compiled with GCC, and the
-    # pyconfig.h file should be OK
-    if "GCC" in sys.version:
-        return CONFIG_H_OK, "sys.version mentions 'GCC'"
-
-    # Clang would also work
-    if "Clang" in sys.version:
-        return CONFIG_H_OK, "sys.version mentions 'Clang'"
 
-    # let's see if __GNUC__ is mentioned in python.h
-    fn = sysconfig.get_config_h_filename()
-    try:
-        config_h = pathlib.Path(fn).read_text(encoding='utf-8')
-    except OSError as exc:
-        return (CONFIG_H_UNCERTAIN, f"couldn't read '{fn}': {exc.strerror}")
-    else:
-        substring = '__GNUC__'
-        if substring in config_h:
-            code = CONFIG_H_OK
-            mention_inflected = 'mentions'
-        else:
-            code = CONFIG_H_NOTOK
-            mention_inflected = 'does not mention'
-        return code, f"{fn!r} {mention_inflected} {substring!r}"
+__all__ = [
+    'CONFIG_H_NOTOK',
+    'CONFIG_H_OK',
+    'CONFIG_H_UNCERTAIN',
+    'CygwinCCompiler',
+    'Mingw32CCompiler',
+    'check_config_h',
+    'get_msvcr',
+    'is_cygwincc',
+]
 
 
-def is_cygwincc(cc):
-    """Try to determine if the compiler that would be used is from cygwin."""
-    out_string = check_output(shlex.split(cc) + ['-dumpmachine'])
-    return out_string.strip().endswith(b'cygwin')
+CygwinCCompiler = cygwin.Compiler
+Mingw32CCompiler = cygwin.MinGW32Compiler
 
 
 get_versions = None
diff --git a/distutils/errors.py b/distutils/errors.py
index 3196a4f0..7c6ee258 100644
--- a/distutils/errors.py
+++ b/distutils/errors.py
@@ -5,6 +5,20 @@
 including :exc:`SystemExit`.
 """
 
+# compiler exceptions aliased for compatibility
+from .compilers.C.errors import (
+    CompileError,  # noqa: F401
+    LibError,  # noqa: F401
+    LinkError,  # noqa: F401
+    PreprocessError,  # noqa: F401
+)
+from .compilers.C.errors import (
+    Error as CCompilerError,  # noqa: F401
+)
+from .compilers.C.errors import (
+    UnknownFileType as UnknownFileError,  # noqa: F401
+)
+
 
 class DistutilsError(Exception):
     """The root of all Distutils evil."""
@@ -95,30 +109,3 @@ class DistutilsTemplateError(DistutilsError):
 
 class DistutilsByteCompileError(DistutilsError):
     """Byte compile error."""
-
-
-# Exception classes used by the CCompiler implementation classes
-class CCompilerError(Exception):
-    """Some compile/link operation failed."""
-
-
-class PreprocessError(CCompilerError):
-    """Failure to preprocess one or more C/C++ files."""
-
-
-class CompileError(CCompilerError):
-    """Failure to compile one or more C/C++ source files."""
-
-
-class LibError(CCompilerError):
-    """Failure to create a static library from one or more C/C++ object
-    files."""
-
-
-class LinkError(CCompilerError):
-    """Failure to link one or more C/C++ object files into an executable
-    or shared library file."""
-
-
-class UnknownFileError(CCompilerError):
-    """Attempt to process an unknown file type."""
diff --git a/distutils/unixccompiler.py b/distutils/unixccompiler.py
index 6c1116ae..9cd30ad9 100644
--- a/distutils/unixccompiler.py
+++ b/distutils/unixccompiler.py
@@ -1,402 +1,3 @@
-"""distutils.unixccompiler
+from .compilers.C import unix
 
-Contains the UnixCCompiler class, a subclass of CCompiler that handles
-the "typical" Unix-style command-line C compiler:
-  * macros defined with -Dname[=value]
-  * macros undefined with -Uname
-  * include search directories specified with -Idir
-  * libraries specified with -lllib
-  * library search directories specified with -Ldir
-  * compile handled by 'cc' (or similar) executable with -c option:
-    compiles .c to .o
-  * link static library handled by 'ar' command (possibly with 'ranlib')
-  * link shared library handled by 'cc -shared'
-"""
-
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import itertools
-import os
-import re
-import shlex
-import sys
-
-from . import sysconfig
-from ._log import log
-from ._macos_compat import compiler_fixup
-from ._modified import newer
-from .ccompiler import CCompiler, gen_lib_options, gen_preprocess_options
-from .compat import consolidate_linker_args
-from .errors import CompileError, DistutilsExecError, LibError, LinkError
-
-# XXX Things not currently handled:
-#   * optimization/debug/warning flags; we just use whatever's in Python's
-#     Makefile and live with it.  Is this adequate?  If not, we might
-#     have to have a bunch of subclasses GNUCCompiler, SGICCompiler,
-#     SunCCompiler, and I suspect down that road lies madness.
-#   * even if we don't know a warning flag from an optimization flag,
-#     we need some way for outsiders to feed preprocessor/compiler/linker
-#     flags in to us -- eg. a sysadmin might want to mandate certain flags
-#     via a site config file, or a user might want to set something for
-#     compiling this module distribution only via the setup.py command
-#     line, whatever.  As long as these options come from something on the
-#     current system, they can be as system-dependent as they like, and we
-#     should just happily stuff them into the preprocessor/compiler/linker
-#     options and carry on.
-
-
-def _split_env(cmd):
-    """
-    For macOS, split command into 'env' portion (if any)
-    and the rest of the linker command.
-
-    >>> _split_env(['a', 'b', 'c'])
-    ([], ['a', 'b', 'c'])
-    >>> _split_env(['/usr/bin/env', 'A=3', 'gcc'])
-    (['/usr/bin/env', 'A=3'], ['gcc'])
-    """
-    pivot = 0
-    if os.path.basename(cmd[0]) == "env":
-        pivot = 1
-        while '=' in cmd[pivot]:
-            pivot += 1
-    return cmd[:pivot], cmd[pivot:]
-
-
-def _split_aix(cmd):
-    """
-    AIX platforms prefix the compiler with the ld_so_aix
-    script, so split that from the linker command.
-
-    >>> _split_aix(['a', 'b', 'c'])
-    ([], ['a', 'b', 'c'])
-    >>> _split_aix(['/bin/foo/ld_so_aix', 'gcc'])
-    (['/bin/foo/ld_so_aix'], ['gcc'])
-    """
-    pivot = os.path.basename(cmd[0]) == 'ld_so_aix'
-    return cmd[:pivot], cmd[pivot:]
-
-
-def _linker_params(linker_cmd, compiler_cmd):
-    """
-    The linker command usually begins with the compiler
-    command (possibly multiple elements), followed by zero or more
-    params for shared library building.
-
-    If the LDSHARED env variable overrides the linker command,
-    however, the commands may not match.
-
-    Return the best guess of the linker parameters by stripping
-    the linker command. If the compiler command does not
-    match the linker command, assume the linker command is
-    just the first element.
-
-    >>> _linker_params('gcc foo bar'.split(), ['gcc'])
-    ['foo', 'bar']
-    >>> _linker_params('gcc foo bar'.split(), ['other'])
-    ['foo', 'bar']
-    >>> _linker_params('ccache gcc foo bar'.split(), 'ccache gcc'.split())
-    ['foo', 'bar']
-    >>> _linker_params(['gcc'], ['gcc'])
-    []
-    """
-    c_len = len(compiler_cmd)
-    pivot = c_len if linker_cmd[:c_len] == compiler_cmd else 1
-    return linker_cmd[pivot:]
-
-
-class UnixCCompiler(CCompiler):
-    compiler_type = 'unix'
-
-    # These are used by CCompiler in two places: the constructor sets
-    # instance attributes 'preprocessor', 'compiler', etc. from them, and
-    # 'set_executable()' allows any of these to be set.  The defaults here
-    # are pretty generic; they will probably have to be set by an outsider
-    # (eg. using information discovered by the sysconfig about building
-    # Python extensions).
-    executables = {
-        'preprocessor': None,
-        'compiler': ["cc"],
-        'compiler_so': ["cc"],
-        'compiler_cxx': ["c++"],
-        'compiler_so_cxx': ["c++"],
-        'linker_so': ["cc", "-shared"],
-        'linker_so_cxx': ["c++", "-shared"],
-        'linker_exe': ["cc"],
-        'linker_exe_cxx': ["c++", "-shared"],
-        'archiver': ["ar", "-cr"],
-        'ranlib': None,
-    }
-
-    if sys.platform[:6] == "darwin":
-        executables['ranlib'] = ["ranlib"]
-
-    # Needed for the filename generation methods provided by the base
-    # class, CCompiler.  NB. whoever instantiates/uses a particular
-    # UnixCCompiler instance should set 'shared_lib_ext' -- we set a
-    # reasonable common default here, but it's not necessarily used on all
-    # Unices!
-
-    src_extensions = [".c", ".C", ".cc", ".cxx", ".cpp", ".m"]
-    obj_extension = ".o"
-    static_lib_extension = ".a"
-    shared_lib_extension = ".so"
-    dylib_lib_extension = ".dylib"
-    xcode_stub_lib_extension = ".tbd"
-    static_lib_format = shared_lib_format = dylib_lib_format = "lib%s%s"
-    xcode_stub_lib_format = dylib_lib_format
-    if sys.platform == "cygwin":
-        exe_extension = ".exe"
-        shared_lib_extension = ".dll.a"
-        dylib_lib_extension = ".dll"
-        dylib_lib_format = "cyg%s%s"
-
-    def preprocess(
-        self,
-        source,
-        output_file=None,
-        macros=None,
-        include_dirs=None,
-        extra_preargs=None,
-        extra_postargs=None,
-    ):
-        fixed_args = self._fix_compile_args(None, macros, include_dirs)
-        ignore, macros, include_dirs = fixed_args
-        pp_opts = gen_preprocess_options(macros, include_dirs)
-        pp_args = self.preprocessor + pp_opts
-        if output_file:
-            pp_args.extend(['-o', output_file])
-        if extra_preargs:
-            pp_args[:0] = extra_preargs
-        if extra_postargs:
-            pp_args.extend(extra_postargs)
-        pp_args.append(source)
-
-        # reasons to preprocess:
-        # - force is indicated
-        # - output is directed to stdout
-        # - source file is newer than the target
-        preprocess = self.force or output_file is None or newer(source, output_file)
-        if not preprocess:
-            return
-
-        if output_file:
-            self.mkpath(os.path.dirname(output_file))
-
-        try:
-            self.spawn(pp_args)
-        except DistutilsExecError as msg:
-            raise CompileError(msg)
-
-    def _compile(self, obj, src, ext, cc_args, extra_postargs, pp_opts):
-        compiler_so = compiler_fixup(self.compiler_so, cc_args + extra_postargs)
-        compiler_so_cxx = compiler_fixup(self.compiler_so_cxx, cc_args + extra_postargs)
-        try:
-            if self.detect_language(src) == 'c++':
-                self.spawn(
-                    compiler_so_cxx + cc_args + [src, '-o', obj] + extra_postargs
-                )
-            else:
-                self.spawn(compiler_so + cc_args + [src, '-o', obj] + extra_postargs)
-        except DistutilsExecError as msg:
-            raise CompileError(msg)
-
-    def create_static_lib(
-        self, objects, output_libname, output_dir=None, debug=False, target_lang=None
-    ):
-        objects, output_dir = self._fix_object_args(objects, output_dir)
-
-        output_filename = self.library_filename(output_libname, output_dir=output_dir)
-
-        if self._need_link(objects, output_filename):
-            self.mkpath(os.path.dirname(output_filename))
-            self.spawn(self.archiver + [output_filename] + objects + self.objects)
-
-            # Not many Unices required ranlib anymore -- SunOS 4.x is, I
-            # think the only major Unix that does.  Maybe we need some
-            # platform intelligence here to skip ranlib if it's not
-            # needed -- or maybe Python's configure script took care of
-            # it for us, hence the check for leading colon.
-            if self.ranlib:
-                try:
-                    self.spawn(self.ranlib + [output_filename])
-                except DistutilsExecError as msg:
-                    raise LibError(msg)
-        else:
-            log.debug("skipping %s (up-to-date)", output_filename)
-
-    def link(
-        self,
-        target_desc,
-        objects,
-        output_filename,
-        output_dir=None,
-        libraries=None,
-        library_dirs=None,
-        runtime_library_dirs=None,
-        export_symbols=None,
-        debug=False,
-        extra_preargs=None,
-        extra_postargs=None,
-        build_temp=None,
-        target_lang=None,
-    ):
-        objects, output_dir = self._fix_object_args(objects, output_dir)
-        fixed_args = self._fix_lib_args(libraries, library_dirs, runtime_library_dirs)
-        libraries, library_dirs, runtime_library_dirs = fixed_args
-
-        lib_opts = gen_lib_options(self, library_dirs, runtime_library_dirs, libraries)
-        if not isinstance(output_dir, (str, type(None))):
-            raise TypeError("'output_dir' must be a string or None")
-        if output_dir is not None:
-            output_filename = os.path.join(output_dir, output_filename)
-
-        if self._need_link(objects, output_filename):
-            ld_args = objects + self.objects + lib_opts + ['-o', output_filename]
-            if debug:
-                ld_args[:0] = ['-g']
-            if extra_preargs:
-                ld_args[:0] = extra_preargs
-            if extra_postargs:
-                ld_args.extend(extra_postargs)
-            self.mkpath(os.path.dirname(output_filename))
-            try:
-                # Select a linker based on context: linker_exe when
-                # building an executable or linker_so (with shared options)
-                # when building a shared library.
-                building_exe = target_desc == CCompiler.EXECUTABLE
-                linker = (
-                    self.linker_exe
-                    if building_exe
-                    else (
-                        self.linker_so_cxx if target_lang == "c++" else self.linker_so
-                    )
-                )[:]
-
-                if target_lang == "c++" and self.compiler_cxx:
-                    env, linker_ne = _split_env(linker)
-                    aix, linker_na = _split_aix(linker_ne)
-                    _, compiler_cxx_ne = _split_env(self.compiler_cxx)
-                    _, linker_exe_ne = _split_env(self.linker_exe)
-
-                    params = _linker_params(linker_na, linker_exe_ne)
-                    linker = env + aix + compiler_cxx_ne + params
-
-                linker = compiler_fixup(linker, ld_args)
-
-                self.spawn(linker + ld_args)
-            except DistutilsExecError as msg:
-                raise LinkError(msg)
-        else:
-            log.debug("skipping %s (up-to-date)", output_filename)
-
-    # -- Miscellaneous methods -----------------------------------------
-    # These are all used by the 'gen_lib_options() function, in
-    # ccompiler.py.
-
-    def library_dir_option(self, dir):
-        return "-L" + dir
-
-    def _is_gcc(self):
-        cc_var = sysconfig.get_config_var("CC")
-        compiler = os.path.basename(shlex.split(cc_var)[0])
-        return "gcc" in compiler or "g++" in compiler
-
-    def runtime_library_dir_option(self, dir: str) -> str | list[str]:
-        # XXX Hackish, at the very least.  See Python bug #445902:
-        # https://bugs.python.org/issue445902
-        # Linkers on different platforms need different options to
-        # specify that directories need to be added to the list of
-        # directories searched for dependencies when a dynamic library
-        # is sought.  GCC on GNU systems (Linux, FreeBSD, ...) has to
-        # be told to pass the -R option through to the linker, whereas
-        # other compilers and gcc on other systems just know this.
-        # Other compilers may need something slightly different.  At
-        # this time, there's no way to determine this information from
-        # the configuration data stored in the Python installation, so
-        # we use this hack.
-        if sys.platform[:6] == "darwin":
-            from distutils.util import get_macosx_target_ver, split_version
-
-            macosx_target_ver = get_macosx_target_ver()
-            if macosx_target_ver and split_version(macosx_target_ver) >= [10, 5]:
-                return "-Wl,-rpath," + dir
-            else:  # no support for -rpath on earlier macOS versions
-                return "-L" + dir
-        elif sys.platform[:7] == "freebsd":
-            return "-Wl,-rpath=" + dir
-        elif sys.platform[:5] == "hp-ux":
-            return [
-                "-Wl,+s" if self._is_gcc() else "+s",
-                "-L" + dir,
-            ]
-
-        # For all compilers, `-Wl` is the presumed way to pass a
-        # compiler option to the linker
-        if sysconfig.get_config_var("GNULD") == "yes":
-            return consolidate_linker_args([
-                # Force RUNPATH instead of RPATH
-                "-Wl,--enable-new-dtags",
-                "-Wl,-rpath," + dir,
-            ])
-        else:
-            return "-Wl,-R" + dir
-
-    def library_option(self, lib):
-        return "-l" + lib
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _library_root(dir):
-        """
-        macOS users can specify an alternate SDK using'-isysroot'.
-        Calculate the SDK root if it is specified.
-
-        Note that, as of Xcode 7, Apple SDKs may contain textual stub
-        libraries with .tbd extensions rather than the normal .dylib
-        shared libraries installed in /.  The Apple compiler tool
-        chain handles this transparently but it can cause problems
-        for programs that are being built with an SDK and searching
-        for specific libraries.  Callers of find_library_file need to
-        keep in mind that the base filename of the returned SDK library
-        file might have a different extension from that of the library
-        file installed on the running system, for example:
-          /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/
-              MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.11.sdk/
-              usr/lib/libedit.tbd
-        vs
-          /usr/lib/libedit.dylib
-        """
-        cflags = sysconfig.get_config_var('CFLAGS')
-        match = re.search(r'-isysroot\s*(\S+)', cflags)
-
-        apply_root = (
-            sys.platform == 'darwin'
-            and match
-            and (
-                dir.startswith('/System/')
-                or (dir.startswith('/usr/') and not dir.startswith('/usr/local/'))
-            )
-        )
-
-        return os.path.join(match.group(1), dir[1:]) if apply_root else dir
-
-    def find_library_file(self, dirs, lib, debug=False):
-        """
-        Second-guess the linker with not much hard
-        data to go on: GCC seems to prefer the shared library, so
-        assume that *all* Unix C compilers do,
-        ignoring even GCC's "-static" option.
-        """
-        lib_names = (
-            self.library_filename(lib, lib_type=type)
-            for type in 'dylib xcode_stub shared static'.split()
-        )
-
-        roots = map(self._library_root, dirs)
-
-        searched = itertools.starmap(os.path.join, itertools.product(roots, lib_names))
-
-        found = filter(os.path.exists, searched)
-
-        # Return None if it could not be found in any dir.
-        return next(found, None)
+UnixCCompiler = unix.Compiler
diff --git a/distutils/zosccompiler.py b/distutils/zosccompiler.py
index af1e7fa5..e49630ac 100644
--- a/distutils/zosccompiler.py
+++ b/distutils/zosccompiler.py
@@ -1,229 +1,3 @@
-"""distutils.zosccompiler
+from .compilers.C import zos
 
-Contains the selection of the c & c++ compilers on z/OS. There are several
-different c compilers on z/OS, all of them are optional, so the correct
-one needs to be chosen based on the users input. This is compatible with
-the following compilers:
-
-IBM C/C++ For Open Enterprise Languages on z/OS 2.0
-IBM Open XL C/C++ 1.1 for z/OS
-IBM XL C/C++ V2.4.1 for z/OS 2.4 and 2.5
-IBM z/OS XL C/C++
-"""
-
-import os
-
-from . import sysconfig
-from .errors import CompileError, DistutilsExecError
-from .unixccompiler import UnixCCompiler
-
-_cc_args = {
-    'ibm-openxl': [
-        '-m64',
-        '-fvisibility=default',
-        '-fzos-le-char-mode=ascii',
-        '-fno-short-enums',
-    ],
-    'ibm-xlclang': [
-        '-q64',
-        '-qexportall',
-        '-qascii',
-        '-qstrict',
-        '-qnocsect',
-        '-Wa,asa,goff',
-        '-Wa,xplink',
-        '-qgonumber',
-        '-qenum=int',
-        '-Wc,DLL',
-    ],
-    'ibm-xlc': [
-        '-q64',
-        '-qexportall',
-        '-qascii',
-        '-qstrict',
-        '-qnocsect',
-        '-Wa,asa,goff',
-        '-Wa,xplink',
-        '-qgonumber',
-        '-qenum=int',
-        '-Wc,DLL',
-        '-qlanglvl=extc99',
-    ],
-}
-
-_cxx_args = {
-    'ibm-openxl': [
-        '-m64',
-        '-fvisibility=default',
-        '-fzos-le-char-mode=ascii',
-        '-fno-short-enums',
-    ],
-    'ibm-xlclang': [
-        '-q64',
-        '-qexportall',
-        '-qascii',
-        '-qstrict',
-        '-qnocsect',
-        '-Wa,asa,goff',
-        '-Wa,xplink',
-        '-qgonumber',
-        '-qenum=int',
-        '-Wc,DLL',
-    ],
-    'ibm-xlc': [
-        '-q64',
-        '-qexportall',
-        '-qascii',
-        '-qstrict',
-        '-qnocsect',
-        '-Wa,asa,goff',
-        '-Wa,xplink',
-        '-qgonumber',
-        '-qenum=int',
-        '-Wc,DLL',
-        '-qlanglvl=extended0x',
-    ],
-}
-
-_asm_args = {
-    'ibm-openxl': ['-fasm', '-fno-integrated-as', '-Wa,--ASA', '-Wa,--GOFF'],
-    'ibm-xlclang': [],
-    'ibm-xlc': [],
-}
-
-_ld_args = {
-    'ibm-openxl': [],
-    'ibm-xlclang': ['-Wl,dll', '-q64'],
-    'ibm-xlc': ['-Wl,dll', '-q64'],
-}
-
-
-# Python on z/OS is built with no compiler specific options in it's CFLAGS.
-# But each compiler requires it's own specific options to build successfully,
-# though some of the options are common between them
-class zOSCCompiler(UnixCCompiler):
-    src_extensions = ['.c', '.C', '.cc', '.cxx', '.cpp', '.m', '.s']
-    _cpp_extensions = ['.cc', '.cpp', '.cxx', '.C']
-    _asm_extensions = ['.s']
-
-    def _get_zos_compiler_name(self):
-        zos_compiler_names = [
-            os.path.basename(binary)
-            for envvar in ('CC', 'CXX', 'LDSHARED')
-            if (binary := os.environ.get(envvar, None))
-        ]
-        if len(zos_compiler_names) == 0:
-            return 'ibm-openxl'
-
-        zos_compilers = {}
-        for compiler in (
-            'ibm-clang',
-            'ibm-clang64',
-            'ibm-clang++',
-            'ibm-clang++64',
-            'clang',
-            'clang++',
-            'clang-14',
-        ):
-            zos_compilers[compiler] = 'ibm-openxl'
-
-        for compiler in ('xlclang', 'xlclang++', 'njsc', 'njsc++'):
-            zos_compilers[compiler] = 'ibm-xlclang'
-
-        for compiler in ('xlc', 'xlC', 'xlc++'):
-            zos_compilers[compiler] = 'ibm-xlc'
-
-        return zos_compilers.get(zos_compiler_names[0], 'ibm-openxl')
-
-    def __init__(self, verbose=False, dry_run=False, force=False):
-        super().__init__(verbose, dry_run, force)
-        self.zos_compiler = self._get_zos_compiler_name()
-        sysconfig.customize_compiler(self)
-
-    def _compile(self, obj, src, ext, cc_args, extra_postargs, pp_opts):
-        local_args = []
-        if ext in self._cpp_extensions:
-            compiler = self.compiler_cxx
-            local_args.extend(_cxx_args[self.zos_compiler])
-        elif ext in self._asm_extensions:
-            compiler = self.compiler_so
-            local_args.extend(_cc_args[self.zos_compiler])
-            local_args.extend(_asm_args[self.zos_compiler])
-        else:
-            compiler = self.compiler_so
-            local_args.extend(_cc_args[self.zos_compiler])
-        local_args.extend(cc_args)
-
-        try:
-            self.spawn(compiler + local_args + [src, '-o', obj] + extra_postargs)
-        except DistutilsExecError as msg:
-            raise CompileError(msg)
-
-    def runtime_library_dir_option(self, dir):
-        return '-L' + dir
-
-    def link(
-        self,
-        target_desc,
-        objects,
-        output_filename,
-        output_dir=None,
-        libraries=None,
-        library_dirs=None,
-        runtime_library_dirs=None,
-        export_symbols=None,
-        debug=False,
-        extra_preargs=None,
-        extra_postargs=None,
-        build_temp=None,
-        target_lang=None,
-    ):
-        # For a built module to use functions from cpython, it needs to use Pythons
-        # side deck file. The side deck is located beside the libpython3.xx.so
-        ldversion = sysconfig.get_config_var('LDVERSION')
-        if sysconfig.python_build:
-            side_deck_path = os.path.join(
-                sysconfig.get_config_var('abs_builddir'),
-                f'libpython{ldversion}.x',
-            )
-        else:
-            side_deck_path = os.path.join(
-                sysconfig.get_config_var('installed_base'),
-                sysconfig.get_config_var('platlibdir'),
-                f'libpython{ldversion}.x',
-            )
-
-        if os.path.exists(side_deck_path):
-            if extra_postargs:
-                extra_postargs.append(side_deck_path)
-            else:
-                extra_postargs = [side_deck_path]
-
-        # Check and replace libraries included side deck files
-        if runtime_library_dirs:
-            for dir in runtime_library_dirs:
-                for library in libraries[:]:
-                    library_side_deck = os.path.join(dir, f'{library}.x')
-                    if os.path.exists(library_side_deck):
-                        libraries.remove(library)
-                        extra_postargs.append(library_side_deck)
-                        break
-
-        # Any required ld args for the given compiler
-        extra_postargs.extend(_ld_args[self.zos_compiler])
-
-        super().link(
-            target_desc,
-            objects,
-            output_filename,
-            output_dir,
-            libraries,
-            library_dirs,
-            runtime_library_dirs,
-            export_symbols,
-            debug,
-            extra_preargs,
-            extra_postargs,
-            build_temp,
-            target_lang,
-        )
+zOSCCompiler = zos.Compiler