diff --git a/CHANGELOG.rst b/CHANGELOG.rst
index b6401aac6..fc81dec1f 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.rst
+++ b/CHANGELOG.rst
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@ Deprecations:
 Changes:
 ^^^^^^^^
 
+- Fix memory leak in ``OpenSSL.crypto.dump_privatekey()`` with ``FILETYPE_TEXT``.
+  `#496 <https://github.com/pyca/pyopenssl/pull/496>`_
 - Enable use of CRL (and more) in verify context.
   `#483 <https://github.com/pyca/pyopenssl/pull/483>`_
 
diff --git a/doc/api/crypto.rst b/doc/api/crypto.rst
index 5f7df24cb..c6501b4c6 100644
--- a/doc/api/crypto.rst
+++ b/doc/api/crypto.rst
@@ -73,14 +73,7 @@ Certificate signing requests
 Private keys
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-.. py:function:: dump_privatekey(type, pkey[, cipher, passphrase])
-
-    Dump the private key *pkey* into a buffer string encoded with the type
-    *type*, optionally (if *type* is :py:const:`FILETYPE_PEM`) encrypting it
-    using *cipher* and *passphrase*.
-
-    *passphrase* must be either a string or a callback for providing the
-    pass phrase.
+.. autofunction:: dump_privatekey
 
 .. py:function:: load_privatekey(type, buffer[, passphrase])
 
diff --git a/src/OpenSSL/crypto.py b/src/OpenSSL/crypto.py
index 173539351..1116d5ed0 100644
--- a/src/OpenSSL/crypto.py
+++ b/src/OpenSSL/crypto.py
@@ -1698,16 +1698,17 @@ def dump_publickey(type, pkey):
 
 def dump_privatekey(type, pkey, cipher=None, passphrase=None):
     """
-    Dump a private key to a buffer
-
-    :param type: The file type (one of FILETYPE_PEM, FILETYPE_ASN1, or
-        FILETYPE_TEXT)
-    :param pkey: The PKey to dump
-    :param cipher: (optional) if encrypted PEM format, the cipher to
-                   use
+    Dump the private key *pkey* into a buffer string encoded with the type
+    *type*.  Optionally (if *type* is :const:`FILETYPE_PEM`) encrypting it
+    using *cipher* and *passphrase*.
+
+    :param type: The file type (one of :const:`FILETYPE_PEM`,
+        :const:`FILETYPE_ASN1`, or :const:`FILETYPE_TEXT`)
+    :param PKey pkey: The PKey to dump
+    :param cipher: (optional) if encrypted PEM format, the cipher to use
     :param passphrase: (optional) if encrypted PEM format, this can be either
-                       the passphrase to use, or a callback for providing the
-                       passphrase.
+        the passphrase to use, or a callback for providing the passphrase.
+
     :return: The buffer with the dumped key in
     :rtype: bytes
     """
@@ -1733,16 +1734,17 @@ def dump_privatekey(type, pkey, cipher=None, passphrase=None):
     elif type == FILETYPE_ASN1:
         result_code = _lib.i2d_PrivateKey_bio(bio, pkey._pkey)
     elif type == FILETYPE_TEXT:
-        rsa = _lib.EVP_PKEY_get1_RSA(pkey._pkey)
+        rsa = _ffi.gc(
+            _lib.EVP_PKEY_get1_RSA(pkey._pkey),
+            _lib.RSA_free
+        )
         result_code = _lib.RSA_print(bio, rsa, 0)
-        # TODO RSA_free(rsa)?
     else:
         raise ValueError(
             "type argument must be FILETYPE_PEM, FILETYPE_ASN1, or "
             "FILETYPE_TEXT")
 
-    if result_code == 0:
-        _raise_current_error()
+    _openssl_assert(result_code != 0)
 
     return _bio_to_string(bio)