diff --git a/.github/requirements/build-requirements.in b/.github/requirements/build-requirements.in
index 564eacec8d489..6a05b5d06b61c 100644
--- a/.github/requirements/build-requirements.in
+++ b/.github/requirements/build-requirements.in
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 setuptools>=61.0.0
 wheel
 cffi>=1.12; platform_python_implementation != 'PyPy'
-setuptools-rust>=1.7.0
+maturin>=1,<2
 
 # WARN: changing the requirements here DOES NOT update the dependencies used for building at the github workflow, as the build process used build-requirements.txt
 # To update build-requirements.txt according to the dependencies here, run pip-compile --allow-unsafe --generate-hashes build-requirements.in
diff --git a/.github/requirements/build-requirements.txt b/.github/requirements/build-requirements.txt
index 3dd62d074f815..3a289934728f0 100644
--- a/.github/requirements/build-requirements.txt
+++ b/.github/requirements/build-requirements.txt
@@ -58,22 +58,29 @@ cffi==1.16.0 ; platform_python_implementation != "PyPy" \
     --hash=sha256:fa3a0128b152627161ce47201262d3140edb5a5c3da88d73a1b790a959126956 \
     --hash=sha256:fcc8eb6d5902bb1cf6dc4f187ee3ea80a1eba0a89aba40a5cb20a5087d961357
     # via -r build-requirements.in
+maturin==1.2.0 \
+    --hash=sha256:02a3ec65872b294d012824d9af5a445ea614140f6fc55c16f07af04622450de3 \
+    --hash=sha256:03207fcb64d3a340f353de57186e3614478430ad09887e68438739b724096782 \
+    --hash=sha256:0d8bfa63522a454ff862c6680575255e28fa0f634d206fb5af84c73f5f5fabf0 \
+    --hash=sha256:138526c3275eeebb1bd566c20aae6a76f39cf55991f127c81dd79da725f45d59 \
+    --hash=sha256:2fb701d44c68849e4cf41d92f6aeefcc166edecccc3b0c0a430a003190dc5b2e \
+    --hash=sha256:45f90cac503bacfa6c20e112836b2f53a3355b7b913471f5a104f2c4b09c5b9c \
+    --hash=sha256:840803f176c12a56bd023a13dc0e6fef63bc0480665ee9eeda9ed527a6ccb8dc \
+    --hash=sha256:955d9d46cf00a8887954d5e37ab3f28dc75d46caeddb4e8e43366e39c803a3b9 \
+    --hash=sha256:adbf64b6ec763fc9ece32bfa0979335f79333106aabf34415ae7c72ed8b432af \
+    --hash=sha256:bf5986127e7dd3f6e5403dc737f260e1c425c5b7b017a492abe85f38955c6beb \
+    --hash=sha256:c013cf9aa0156ac25df06fa7c06edd1d115723c8c270cb25e0060bc0d25c72d5 \
+    --hash=sha256:c0946b9badd053c92962770aad9133d6fc9cdbc98eb8c707e808f0c5c9005651 \
+    --hash=sha256:cc60957012cfd3f662cd313ca0cdaac64f5f5cd6ddbbbc2a1ddab341ccc28e4d
+    # via -r build-requirements.in
 pycparser==2.21 \
     --hash=sha256:8ee45429555515e1f6b185e78100aea234072576aa43ab53aefcae078162fca9 \
     --hash=sha256:e644fdec12f7872f86c58ff790da456218b10f863970249516d60a5eaca77206
     # via cffi
-semantic-version==2.10.0 \
-    --hash=sha256:bdabb6d336998cbb378d4b9db3a4b56a1e3235701dc05ea2690d9a997ed5041c \
-    --hash=sha256:de78a3b8e0feda74cabc54aab2da702113e33ac9d9eb9d2389bcf1f58b7d9177
-    # via setuptools-rust
-setuptools-rust==1.9.0 \
-    --hash=sha256:409caf49dcf7ad9bd510b4bf4011fbad504e745fae98f57fe1c06f3a97719638 \
-    --hash=sha256:704df0948f2e4cc60c2596ad6e840ea679f4f43e58ed4ad0c1857807240eab96
-    # via -r build-requirements.in
 tomli==2.0.1 \
     --hash=sha256:939de3e7a6161af0c887ef91b7d41a53e7c5a1ca976325f429cb46ea9bc30ecc \
     --hash=sha256:de526c12914f0c550d15924c62d72abc48d6fe7364aa87328337a31007fe8a4f
-    # via setuptools-rust
+    # via maturin
 wheel==0.42.0 \
     --hash=sha256:177f9c9b0d45c47873b619f5b650346d632cdc35fb5e4d25058e09c9e581433d \
     --hash=sha256:c45be39f7882c9d34243236f2d63cbd58039e360f85d0913425fbd7ceea617a8
@@ -85,4 +92,3 @@ setuptools==69.1.1 \
     --hash=sha256:5c0806c7d9af348e6dd3777b4f4dbb42c7ad85b190104837488eab9a7c945cf8
     # via
     #   -r build-requirements.in
-    #   setuptools-rust
diff --git a/.github/workflows/wheel-builder.yml b/.github/workflows/wheel-builder.yml
index 15380e301d516..91b87debc07ca 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/wheel-builder.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/wheel-builder.yml
@@ -57,8 +57,8 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         PYTHON:
-          - { VERSION: "cp311-cp311", ABI_VERSION: 'cp37' }
-          - { VERSION: "cp311-cp311", ABI_VERSION: 'cp39' }
+          - { VERSION: "cp311-cp311", ABI_VERSION: 'py37' }
+          - { VERSION: "cp311-cp311", ABI_VERSION: 'py39' }
           - { VERSION: "pp39-pypy39_pp73" }
           - { VERSION: "pp310-pypy310_pp73" }
         MANYLINUX:
@@ -131,8 +131,10 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build the wheel
         run: |
           if [ -n "${{ matrix.PYTHON.ABI_VERSION }}" ]; then
-              PY_LIMITED_API="--config-settings=--build-option=--py-limited-api=${{ matrix.PYTHON.ABI_VERSION }} --no-build-isolation"
+              PY_LIMITED_API="--config-settings=build-args=--features=pyo3/abi3-${{ matrix.PYTHON.ABI_VERSION }} --no-build-isolation"
           fi
+
+          source .venv/bin/activate
           OPENSSL_DIR="/opt/pyca/cryptography/openssl" \
               OPENSSL_STATIC=1 \
               .venv/bin/python -m pip wheel -v --no-deps $PY_LIMITED_API cryptograph*.tar.gz -w dist/ && mv dist/cryptography*.whl tmpwheelhouse
@@ -166,7 +168,7 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         PYTHON:
           - VERSION: '3.11'
-            ABI_VERSION: 'cp37'
+            ABI_VERSION: 'py37'
             # Despite the name, this is built for the macOS 11 SDK on arm64 and 10.9+ on intel
             DOWNLOAD_URL: 'https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.11.3/python-3.11.3-macos11.pkg'
             BIN_PATH: '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.11/bin/python3'
@@ -178,7 +180,7 @@ jobs:
             # build against
             _PYTHON_HOST_PLATFORM: 'macosx-10.9-universal2'
           - VERSION: '3.11'
-            ABI_VERSION: 'cp39'
+            ABI_VERSION: 'py39'
             # Despite the name, this is built for the macOS 11 SDK on arm64 and 10.9+ on intel
             DOWNLOAD_URL: 'https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.11.3/python-3.11.3-macos11.pkg'
             BIN_PATH: '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.11/bin/python3'
@@ -190,7 +192,7 @@ jobs:
             # build against
             _PYTHON_HOST_PLATFORM: 'macosx-10.9-universal2'
           - VERSION: '3.11'
-            ABI_VERSION: 'cp37'
+            ABI_VERSION: 'py37'
             DOWNLOAD_URL: 'https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.11.3/python-3.11.3-macos11.pkg'
             BIN_PATH: '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.11/bin/python3'
             DEPLOYMENT_TARGET: '10.12'
@@ -257,9 +259,10 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build the wheel
         run: |
           if [ -n "${{ matrix.PYTHON.ABI_VERSION }}" ]; then
-              PY_LIMITED_API="--config-settings=--build-option=--py-limited-api=${{ matrix.PYTHON.ABI_VERSION }} --no-build-isolation"
+              PY_LIMITED_API="--config-settings=build-args=--features=pyo3/abi3-${{ matrix.PYTHON.ABI_VERSION }} --no-build-isolation"
           fi
 
+          source venv/bin/activate
           OPENSSL_DIR="$(readlink -f ../openssl-macos-universal2/)" \
               OPENSSL_STATIC=1 \
               venv/bin/python -m pip wheel -v --no-deps $PY_LIMITED_API cryptograph*.tar.gz -w dist/ && mv dist/cryptography*.whl wheelhouse
@@ -293,8 +296,8 @@ jobs:
           - {ARCH: 'x86', WINDOWS: 'win32', RUST_TRIPLE: 'i686-pc-windows-msvc'}
           - {ARCH: 'x64', WINDOWS: 'win64', RUST_TRIPLE: 'x86_64-pc-windows-msvc'}
         PYTHON:
-          - {VERSION: "3.11", "ABI_VERSION": "cp37"}
-          - {VERSION: "3.11", "ABI_VERSION": "cp39"}
+          - {VERSION: "3.11", "ABI_VERSION": "py37"}
+          - {VERSION: "3.11", "ABI_VERSION": "py39"}
           - {VERSION: "pypy-3.9"}
           - {VERSION: "pypy-3.10"}
         exclude:
@@ -348,7 +351,7 @@ jobs:
       - run: mkdir wheelhouse
       - run: |
           if [ -n "${{ matrix.PYTHON.ABI_VERSION }}" ]; then
-              PY_LIMITED_API="--config-settings=--build-option=--py-limited-api=${{ matrix.PYTHON.ABI_VERSION }} --no-build-isolation"
+              PY_LIMITED_API="--config-settings=build-args=--features=pyo3/abi3-${{ matrix.PYTHON.ABI_VERSION }} --no-build-isolation"
           fi
 
           python -m pip wheel -v --no-deps cryptography*.tar.gz $PY_LIMITED_API -w dist/ && mv dist/cryptography*.whl wheelhouse/
diff --git a/MANIFEST.in b/MANIFEST.in
deleted file mode 100644
index dcffd6024d1c9..0000000000000
--- a/MANIFEST.in
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-include CHANGELOG.rst
-include CONTRIBUTING.rst
-include LICENSE
-include LICENSE.APACHE
-include LICENSE.BSD
-include README.rst
-include noxfile.py
-
-include pyproject.toml
-recursive-include src py.typed *.pyi
-
-recursive-include docs *
-recursive-include src/_cffi_src *.py *.c *.h
-recursive-include src/rust Cargo.toml Cargo.lock *.rs
-prune docs/_build
-recursive-include tests *.py
-exclude vectors
-recursive-exclude vectors *
-exclude src/rust/target
-recursive-exclude src/rust/target *
-
-recursive-exclude .github *
-
-exclude release.py .readthedocs.yml ci-constraints-requirements.txt mypy.ini
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 64e33aac8aca8..4cfc675e2556f 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -2,14 +2,15 @@
 # These requirements must be kept sync with the requirements in
 # ./github/requirements/build-requirements.{in,txt}
 requires = [
-    # First version of setuptools to support pyproject.toml configuration
-    "setuptools>=61.0.0",
-    "wheel",
+    "maturin>=1,<2",
+
     # Must be kept in sync with `project.dependencies`
     "cffi>=1.12; platform_python_implementation != 'PyPy'",
-    "setuptools-rust>=1.7.0",
+    # Needed because cffi imports distutils, and in Python 3.12, distutils has
+    # been removed from the stdlib, but installing setuptools puts it back.
+    "setuptools",
 ]
-build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
+build-backend = "maturin"
 
 [project]
 name = "cryptography"
@@ -57,14 +58,6 @@ source = "https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/"
 issues = "https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues"
 changelog = "https://cryptography.io/en/latest/changelog/"
 
-[tool.setuptools]
-zip-safe = false
-package-dir = {"" = "src"}
-
-[tool.setuptools.packages.find]
-where = ["src"]
-include = ["cryptography*"]
-
 [project.optional-dependencies]
 ssh = ["bcrypt >=3.1.5"]
 
@@ -86,12 +79,42 @@ sdist = ["build"]
 # `click` included because its needed to type check `release.py`
 pep8test = ["ruff", "mypy", "check-sdist", "click"]
 
-[[tool.setuptools-rust.ext-modules]]
-target = "cryptography.hazmat.bindings._rust"
-path = "src/rust/Cargo.toml"
-py-limited-api = "auto"
-rust-version = ">=1.65.0"
-
+[tool.maturin]
+python-source = "src"
+python-packages = ["cryptography"]
+manifest-path = "src/rust/Cargo.toml"
+module-name = "cryptography.hazmat.bindings._rust"
+locked = true
+sdist-generator = "git"
+features = ["pyo3/abi3-py37"]
+include = [
+    "CHANGELOG.rst",
+    "CONTRIBUTING.rst",
+    "LICENSE",
+    "LICENSE.APACHE",
+    "LICENSE.BSD",
+
+    "docs/**/*",
+
+    "src/_cffi_src/**/*.py",
+    "src/_cffi_src/**/*.c",
+    "src/_cffi_src/**/*.h",
+
+    "src/rust/**/Cargo.toml",
+    "src/rust/**/Cargo.lock",
+    "src/rust/**/*.rs",
+
+    "tests/**/*.py",
+]
+exclude = [
+    "vectors/**/*",
+    "src/rust/target/**/*",
+    "docs/_build/**/*",
+    ".github/**/*",
+    ".readthedocs.yml",
+    "ci-constraints-requirements.txt",
+    "mypy.ini",
+]
 
 [tool.pytest.ini_options]
 addopts = "-r s --capture=no --strict-markers --benchmark-disable"