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complete.cpp
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complete.cpp
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/** \file complete.c Functions related to tab-completion.
These functions are used for storing and retrieving tab-completion data, as well as for performing tab-completion.
*/
#include "config.h"
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <wchar.h>
#include <wctype.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <dirent.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <termios.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <pwd.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <wchar.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <algorithm>
#include "fallback.h"
#include "util.h"
#include "tokenizer.h"
#include "wildcard.h"
#include "proc.h"
#include "parser.h"
#include "function.h"
#include "complete.h"
#include "builtin.h"
#include "env.h"
#include "exec.h"
#include "expand.h"
#include "common.h"
#include "reader.h"
#include "history.h"
#include "intern.h"
#include "parse_util.h"
#include "parser_keywords.h"
#include "wutil.h"
#include "path.h"
#include "builtin_scripts.h"
/*
Completion description strings, mostly for different types of files, such as sockets, block devices, etc.
There are a few more completion description strings defined in
expand.c. Maybe all completion description strings should be defined
in the same file?
*/
/**
Description for ~USER completion
*/
#define COMPLETE_USER_DESC _( L"Home for %ls" )
/**
Description for short variables. The value is concatenated to this description
*/
#define COMPLETE_VAR_DESC_VAL _( L"Variable: %ls" )
/**
The maximum number of commands on which to perform description
lookup. The lookup process is quite time consuming, so this should
be set to a pretty low number.
*/
#define MAX_CMD_DESC_LOOKUP 10
/**
Condition cache value returned from hashtable when this condition
has not yet been tested. This value is NULL, so that when the hash
table returns NULL, this wil be seen as an untested condition.
*/
#define CC_NOT_TESTED 0
/**
Condition cache value returned from hashtable when the condition is
met. This can be any value, that is a valid pointer, and that is
different from CC_NOT_TESTED and CC_FALSE.
*/
#define CC_TRUE L"true"
/**
Condition cache value returned from hashtable when the condition is
not met. This can be any value, that is a valid pointer, and that
is different from CC_NOT_TESTED and CC_TRUE.
*/
#define CC_FALSE L"false"
/**
The special cased translation macro for completions. The empty
string needs to be special cased, since it can occur, and should
not be translated. (Gettext returns the version information as the
response)
*/
#ifdef USE_GETTEXT
#define C_(wstr) ((wcscmp(wstr, L"")==0)?L"":wgettext(wstr))
#else
#define C_(string) (string)
#endif
/**
The maximum amount of time that we're willing to spend doing
username tilde completion. This special limit has been coded in
because user lookup can be extremely slow in cases of a humongous
LDAP database. (Google, I'm looking at you)
*/
#define MAX_USER_LOOKUP_TIME 0.2
/**
Struct describing a completion option entry.
If short_opt and long_opt are both zero, the comp field must not be
empty and contains a list of arguments to the command.
If either short_opt or long_opt are non-zero, they specify a switch
for the command. If \c comp is also not empty, it contains a list
of non-switch arguments that may only follow directly after the
specified switch.
*/
typedef struct complete_entry_opt
{
/** Short style option */
wchar_t short_opt;
/** Long style option */
wcstring long_opt;
/** Arguments to the option */
wcstring comp;
/** Description of the completion */
wcstring desc;
/** Condition under which to use the option */
wcstring condition;
/** Must be one of the values SHARED, NO_FILES, NO_COMMON,
EXCLUSIVE, and determines how completions should be performed
on the argument after the switch. */
int result_mode;
/** True if old style long options are used */
int old_mode;
/** Completion flags */
complete_flags_t flags;
const wchar_t *localized_desc() const
{
const wchar_t *tmp = desc.c_str();
return C_(tmp);
}
} complete_entry_opt_t;
/* Last value used in the order field of completion_entry_t */
static unsigned int kCompleteOrder = 0;
/**
Struct describing a command completion
*/
typedef std::list<complete_entry_opt_t> option_list_t;
class completion_entry_t
{
public:
/** List of all options */
option_list_t options;
/** String containing all short option characters */
wcstring short_opt_str;
public:
/** Command string */
const wcstring cmd;
/** True if command is a path */
const bool cmd_is_path;
/** True if no other options than the ones supplied are possible */
bool authoritative;
/** Order for when this completion was created. This aids in outputting completions sorted by time. */
const unsigned int order;
/** Getters for option list. */
const option_list_t &get_options() const;
/** Adds or removes an option. */
void add_option(const complete_entry_opt_t &opt);
bool remove_option(wchar_t short_opt, const wchar_t *long_opt);
/** Getter for short_opt_str. */
wcstring &get_short_opt_str();
const wcstring &get_short_opt_str() const;
completion_entry_t(const wcstring &c, bool type, const wcstring &options, bool author) :
short_opt_str(options),
cmd(c),
cmd_is_path(type),
authoritative(author),
order(++kCompleteOrder)
{
}
};
/** Set of all completion entries */
struct completion_entry_set_comparer {
/** Comparison for std::set */
bool operator()(completion_entry_t *p1, completion_entry_t *p2) const {
/* Paths always come last for no particular reason */
if (p1->cmd_is_path != p2->cmd_is_path) {
return p1->cmd_is_path < p2->cmd_is_path;
} else {
return p1->cmd < p2->cmd;
}
}
};
typedef std::set<completion_entry_t *, completion_entry_set_comparer> completion_entry_set_t;
static completion_entry_set_t completion_set;
// Comparison function to sort completions by their order field
static bool compare_completions_by_order(const completion_entry_t *p1, const completion_entry_t *p2) {
return p1->order < p2->order;
}
/** The lock that guards the list of completion entries */
static pthread_mutex_t completion_lock = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
/** The lock that guards the options list of individual completion entries. If both completion_lock and completion_entry_lock are to be taken, completion_lock must be taken first. */
static pthread_mutex_t completion_entry_lock = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
void completion_entry_t::add_option(const complete_entry_opt_t &opt) {
ASSERT_IS_LOCKED(completion_entry_lock);
options.push_front(opt);
}
const option_list_t &completion_entry_t::get_options() const {
ASSERT_IS_LOCKED(completion_entry_lock);
return options;
}
wcstring &completion_entry_t::get_short_opt_str() {
ASSERT_IS_LOCKED(completion_entry_lock);
return short_opt_str;
}
const wcstring &completion_entry_t::get_short_opt_str() const {
ASSERT_IS_LOCKED(completion_entry_lock);
return short_opt_str;
}
/* completion_t functions */
completion_t::completion_t(const wcstring &comp, const wcstring &desc, int flags_val) : completion(comp), description(desc), flags(flags_val)
{
if( flags & COMPLETE_AUTO_SPACE )
{
flags = flags & ~COMPLETE_AUTO_SPACE;
size_t len = completion.size();
if (len > 0 && ( wcschr( L"/=@:", comp.at(len-1)) != 0 ))
flags |= COMPLETE_NO_SPACE;
}
}
completion_t::completion_t(const completion_t &him) : completion(him.completion), description(him.description), flags(him.flags)
{
}
completion_t &completion_t::operator=(const completion_t &him)
{
if (this != &him)
{
this->completion = him.completion;
this->description = him.description;
this->flags = him.flags;
}
return *this;
}
wcstring_list_t completions_to_wcstring_list( const std::vector<completion_t> &list )
{
wcstring_list_t strings;
strings.reserve(list.size());
for (std::vector<completion_t>::const_iterator iter = list.begin(); iter != list.end(); ++iter) {
strings.push_back(iter->completion);
}
return strings;
}
void sort_completions( std::vector<completion_t> &completions)
{
std::sort(completions.begin(), completions.end());
}
/** Class representing an attempt to compute completions */
class completer_t {
const complete_type_t type;
const wcstring initial_cmd;
std::vector<completion_t> completions;
wcstring_list_t commands_to_load;
/** Table of completions conditions that have already been tested and the corresponding test results */
typedef std::map<wcstring, bool> condition_cache_t;
condition_cache_t condition_cache;
public:
completer_t(const wcstring &c, complete_type_t t) :
type(t),
initial_cmd(c)
{
}
bool empty() const { return completions.empty(); }
const std::vector<completion_t> &get_completions(void) { return completions; }
bool try_complete_variable( const wcstring &str );
bool try_complete_user( const wcstring &str );
bool complete_param( const wcstring &cmd_orig,
const wcstring &popt,
const wcstring &str,
bool use_switches);
void complete_param_expand(const wcstring &str, bool do_file);
void debug_print_completions();
void complete_cmd( const wcstring &str,
bool use_function,
bool use_builtin,
bool use_command);
void complete_from_args( const wcstring &str,
const wcstring &args,
const wcstring &desc,
complete_flags_t flags );
void complete_cmd_desc( const wcstring &str );
bool complete_variable(const wcstring &str, int start_offset);
bool condition_test( const wcstring &condition );
void complete_strings( const wcstring &wc_escaped,
const wchar_t *desc,
wcstring (*desc_func)(const wcstring &),
std::vector<completion_t> &possible_comp,
complete_flags_t flags );
expand_flags_t expand_flags() const {
/* Never do command substitution in autosuggestions. Sadly, we also can't yet do process expansion because it's not thread safe. */
expand_flags_t result = 0;
if (type == COMPLETE_AUTOSUGGEST)
result |= EXPAND_SKIP_CMDSUBST | EXPAND_SKIP_PROCESS;
return result;
}
void get_commands_to_load(wcstring_list_t *lst) {
if (lst)
lst->insert(lst->end(), commands_to_load.begin(), commands_to_load.end());
}
};
/* Autoloader for completions */
class completion_autoload_t : public autoload_t {
public:
completion_autoload_t();
virtual void command_removed(const wcstring &cmd);
};
static completion_autoload_t completion_autoloader;
/** Constructor */
completion_autoload_t::completion_autoload_t() : autoload_t(L"fish_complete_path",
internal_completion_scripts,
sizeof internal_completion_scripts / sizeof *internal_completion_scripts)
{
}
/** Callback when an autoloaded completion is removed */
void completion_autoload_t::command_removed(const wcstring &cmd) {
complete_remove( cmd.c_str(), COMMAND, 0, 0 );
}
/**
Create a new completion entry
*/
void append_completion(std::vector<completion_t> &completions, const wcstring &comp, const wcstring &desc, complete_flags_t flags)
{
completions.push_back(completion_t(comp, desc, flags));
}
/**
Test if the specified script returns zero. The result is cached, so
that if multiple completions use the same condition, it needs only
be evaluated once. condition_cache_clear must be called after a
completion run to make sure that there are no stale completions.
*/
bool completer_t::condition_test( const wcstring &condition )
{
if( condition.empty() )
{
// fwprintf( stderr, L"No condition specified\n" );
return 1;
}
if (this->type == COMPLETE_AUTOSUGGEST)
{
/* Autosuggestion can't support conditions */
return 0;
}
ASSERT_IS_MAIN_THREAD();
bool test_res;
condition_cache_t::iterator cached_entry = condition_cache.find(condition);
if (cached_entry == condition_cache.end()) {
/* Compute new value and reinsert it */
test_res = (0 == exec_subshell( condition));
condition_cache[condition] = test_res;
} else {
/* Use the old value */
test_res = cached_entry->second;
}
return test_res;
}
/** Search for an exactly matching completion entry. Must be called while locked. */
static completion_entry_t *complete_find_exact_entry( const wchar_t *cmd, const bool cmd_is_path )
{
ASSERT_IS_LOCKED(completion_lock);
completion_entry_t *result = NULL;
completion_entry_t tmp_entry(cmd, cmd_is_path, L"", false);
completion_entry_set_t::iterator iter = completion_set.find(&tmp_entry);
if (iter != completion_set.end()) {
result = *iter;
}
return result;
}
/** Locate the specified entry. Create it if it doesn't exist. Must be called while locked. */
static completion_entry_t *complete_get_exact_entry( const wchar_t *cmd, bool cmd_is_path )
{
ASSERT_IS_LOCKED(completion_lock);
completion_entry_t *c;
c = complete_find_exact_entry( cmd, cmd_is_path );
if( c == NULL )
{
c = new completion_entry_t(cmd, cmd_is_path, L"", true);
completion_set.insert(c);
}
return c;
}
void complete_set_authoritative( const wchar_t *cmd, bool cmd_is_path, bool authoritative )
{
completion_entry_t *c;
CHECK( cmd, );
scoped_lock lock(completion_lock);
c = complete_get_exact_entry( cmd, cmd_is_path );
c->authoritative = authoritative;
}
void complete_add( const wchar_t *cmd,
bool cmd_is_path,
wchar_t short_opt,
const wchar_t *long_opt,
int old_mode,
int result_mode,
const wchar_t *condition,
const wchar_t *comp,
const wchar_t *desc,
complete_flags_t flags )
{
CHECK( cmd, );
/* Lock the lock that allows us to edit the completion entry list */
scoped_lock lock(completion_lock);
/* Lock the lock that allows us to edit individual completion entries */
scoped_lock lock2(completion_entry_lock);
completion_entry_t *c;
c = complete_get_exact_entry( cmd, cmd_is_path );
/* Create our new option */
complete_entry_opt_t opt;
if( short_opt != L'\0' )
{
int len = 1 + ((result_mode & NO_COMMON) != 0);
c->get_short_opt_str().push_back(short_opt);
if( len == 2 )
{
c->get_short_opt_str().push_back(L':');
}
}
opt.short_opt = short_opt;
opt.result_mode = result_mode;
opt.old_mode=old_mode;
if (comp) opt.comp = comp;
if (condition) opt.condition = condition;
if (long_opt) opt.long_opt = long_opt;
if (desc) opt.desc = desc;
opt.flags = flags;
c->add_option(opt);
}
/**
Remove all completion options in the specified entry that match the
specified short / long option strings. Returns true if it is now
empty and should be deleted, false if it's not empty. Must be called while locked.
*/
bool completion_entry_t::remove_option( wchar_t short_opt, const wchar_t *long_opt )
{
ASSERT_IS_LOCKED(completion_lock);
ASSERT_IS_LOCKED(completion_entry_lock);
if(( short_opt == 0 ) && (long_opt == 0 ) )
{
this->options.clear();
}
else
{
for (option_list_t::iterator iter = this->options.begin(); iter != this->options.end(); )
{
complete_entry_opt_t &o = *iter;
if(short_opt==o.short_opt || long_opt == o.long_opt)
{
/* fwprintf( stderr,
L"remove option -%lc --%ls\n",
o->short_opt?o->short_opt:L' ',
o->long_opt );
*/
if( o.short_opt )
{
wcstring &short_opt_str = this->get_short_opt_str();
size_t idx = short_opt_str.find(o.short_opt);
if (idx != wcstring::npos)
{
/* Consume all colons */
size_t first_non_colon = idx + 1;
while (first_non_colon < short_opt_str.size() && short_opt_str.at(first_non_colon) == L':')
first_non_colon++;
short_opt_str.erase(idx, first_non_colon - idx);
}
}
/* Destroy this option and go to the next one */
iter = this->options.erase(iter);
}
else
{
/* Just go to the next one */
++iter;
}
}
}
return this->options.empty();
}
void complete_remove( const wchar_t *cmd,
bool cmd_is_path,
wchar_t short_opt,
const wchar_t *long_opt )
{
CHECK( cmd, );
scoped_lock lock(completion_lock);
scoped_lock lock2(completion_entry_lock);
completion_entry_t tmp_entry(cmd, cmd_is_path, L"", false);
completion_entry_set_t::iterator iter = completion_set.find(&tmp_entry);
if (iter != completion_set.end()) {
completion_entry_t *entry = *iter;
bool delete_it = entry->remove_option(short_opt, long_opt);
if (delete_it) {
/* Delete this entry */
completion_set.erase(iter);
delete entry;
}
}
}
/* Formats an error string by prepending the prefix and then appending the str in single quotes */
static wcstring format_error(const wchar_t *prefix, const wcstring &str) {
wcstring result = prefix;
result.push_back(L'\'');
result.append(str);
result.push_back(L'\'');
return result;
}
/**
Find the full path and commandname from a command string 'str'.
*/
static void parse_cmd_string(const wcstring &str, wcstring &path, wcstring &cmd) {
if (! path_get_path(str, &path)) {
/** Use the empty string as the 'path' for commands that can not be found. */
path = L"";
}
/* Make sure the path is not included in the command */
size_t last_slash = str.find_last_of(L'/');
if (last_slash != wcstring::npos) {
cmd = str.substr(last_slash + 1);
} else {
cmd = str;
}
}
int complete_is_valid_option( const wchar_t *str,
const wchar_t *opt,
wcstring_list_t *errors,
bool allow_autoload )
{
wcstring cmd, path;
int found_match = 0;
int authoritative = 1;
int opt_found=0;
std::set<wcstring> gnu_match_set;
int is_gnu_opt=0;
int is_old_opt=0;
int is_short_opt=0;
int is_gnu_exact=0;
size_t gnu_opt_len=0;
std::vector<char> short_validated;
CHECK( str, 0 );
CHECK( opt, 0 );
/*
Check some generic things like -- and - options.
*/
switch( wcslen(opt ) )
{
case 0:
case 1:
{
return 1;
}
case 2:
{
if( wcscmp( L"--", opt ) == 0 )
{
return 1;
}
break;
}
}
if( opt[0] != L'-' )
{
if( errors )
errors->push_back(L"Option does not begin with a '-'");
return 0;
}
short_validated.resize(wcslen(opt), 0);
is_gnu_opt = opt[1]==L'-';
if( is_gnu_opt )
{
const wchar_t *opt_end = wcschr(opt, L'=' );
if( opt_end )
{
gnu_opt_len = (opt_end-opt)-2;
}
else
{
gnu_opt_len = wcslen(opt)-2;
}
}
parse_cmd_string( str, path, cmd );
/*
Make sure completions are loaded for the specified command
*/
if (allow_autoload) {
complete_load( cmd, false );
}
scoped_lock lock(completion_lock);
scoped_lock lock2(completion_entry_lock);
for (completion_entry_set_t::const_iterator iter = completion_set.begin(); iter != completion_set.end(); ++iter)
{
const completion_entry_t *i = *iter;
const wcstring &match = i->cmd_is_path ? path : cmd;
const wchar_t *a;
if( !wildcard_match( match, i->cmd ) )
{
continue;
}
found_match = 1;
if( !i->authoritative )
{
authoritative = 0;
break;
}
const option_list_t &options = i->get_options();
if( is_gnu_opt )
{
for (option_list_t::const_iterator iter = options.begin(); iter != options.end(); ++iter)
{
const complete_entry_opt_t &o = *iter;
if (o.old_mode )
{
continue;
}
if (wcsncmp(&opt[2], o.long_opt.c_str(), gnu_opt_len) == 0)
{
gnu_match_set.insert(o.long_opt);
if( (wcsncmp( &opt[2],
o.long_opt.c_str(),
o.long_opt.size())==0) )
{
is_gnu_exact=1;
}
}
}
}
else
{
/* Check for old style options */
for (option_list_t::const_iterator iter = options.begin(); iter != options.end(); ++iter)
{
const complete_entry_opt_t &o = *iter;
if( !o.old_mode )
continue;
if( wcscmp( &opt[1], o.long_opt.c_str() )==0)
{
opt_found = 1;
is_old_opt = 1;
break;
}
}
if( is_old_opt )
break;
for( a = &opt[1]; *a; a++ )
{
const wcstring &short_opt_str = i->get_short_opt_str();
size_t str_idx = short_opt_str.find(*a);
if (str_idx != wcstring::npos )
{
if (str_idx + 1 < short_opt_str.size() && short_opt_str.at(str_idx + 1) == L':' )
{
/*
This is a short option with an embedded argument,
call complete_is_valid_argument on the argument.
*/
wchar_t nopt[3];
nopt[0]=L'-';
nopt[1]=opt[1];
nopt[2]=L'\0';
short_validated.at(a-opt) =
complete_is_valid_argument( str, nopt, &opt[2]);
}
else
{
short_validated.at(a-opt)=1;
}
}
}
}
}
if( authoritative )
{
if( !is_gnu_opt && !is_old_opt )
is_short_opt = 1;
if( is_short_opt )
{
size_t j;
opt_found=1;
for( j=1; j<wcslen(opt); j++)
{
if ( !short_validated.at(j))
{
if( errors )
{
wchar_t str[2];
str[0] = opt[j];
str[1]=0;
errors->push_back(format_error(_(L"Unknown option: "), str));
}
opt_found = 0;
break;
}
}
}
if( is_gnu_opt )
{
opt_found = is_gnu_exact || (gnu_match_set.size() == 1);
if( errors && !opt_found )
{
const wchar_t *prefix;
if( gnu_match_set.empty())
{
prefix = _(L"Unknown option: ");
}
else
{
prefix = _(L"Multiple matches for option: ");
}
errors->push_back(format_error(prefix, opt));
}
}
}
return (authoritative && found_match)?opt_found:1;
}
int complete_is_valid_argument( const wchar_t *str,
const wchar_t *opt,
const wchar_t *arg )
{
return 1;
}
/**
Copy any strings in possible_comp which have the specified prefix
to the completer's completion array. The prefix may contain wildcards.
The output will consist of completion_t structs.
There are three ways to specify descriptions for each
completion. Firstly, if a description has already been added to the
completion, it is _not_ replaced. Secondly, if the desc_func
function is specified, use it to determine a dynamic
completion. Thirdly, if none of the above are available, the desc
string is used as a description.
\param wc_escaped the prefix, possibly containing wildcards. The wildcard should not have been unescaped, i.e. '*' should be used for any string, not the ANY_STRING character.
\param desc the default description, used for completions with no embedded description. The description _may_ contain a COMPLETE_SEP character, if not, one will be prefixed to it
\param desc_func the function that generates a description for those completions witout an embedded description
\param possible_comp the list of possible completions to iterate over
*/
void completer_t::complete_strings( const wcstring &wc_escaped,
const wchar_t *desc,
wcstring (*desc_func)(const wcstring &),
std::vector<completion_t> &possible_comp,
complete_flags_t flags )
{
wcstring tmp = wc_escaped;
if (! expand_one(tmp, EXPAND_SKIP_CMDSUBST | EXPAND_SKIP_WILDCARDS | this->expand_flags()))
return;
const wchar_t *wc = parse_util_unescape_wildcards( tmp.c_str() );
for( size_t i=0; i< possible_comp.size(); i++ )
{
wcstring temp = possible_comp.at( i ).completion;
const wchar_t *next_str = temp.empty()?NULL:temp.c_str();
if( next_str )
{
wildcard_complete( next_str, wc, desc, desc_func, this->completions, flags );
}
}
free( (void *)wc );
}
/**
If command to complete is short enough, substitute
the description with the whatis information for the executable.
*/
void completer_t::complete_cmd_desc( const wcstring &str )
{
ASSERT_IS_MAIN_THREAD();
const wchar_t *cmd_start;
int cmd_len;
int skip;
const wchar_t * const cmd = str.c_str();
cmd_start=wcsrchr(cmd, L'/');
if( cmd_start )
cmd_start++;
else
cmd_start = cmd;
cmd_len = wcslen(cmd_start);
/*
Using apropos with a single-character search term produces far
to many results - require at least two characters if we don't
know the location of the whatis-database.
*/
if(cmd_len < 2 )
return;
if( wildcard_has( cmd_start, 0 ) )
{
return;
}
skip = 1;
for( size_t i=0; i< this->completions.size(); i++ )
{
const completion_t &c = this->completions.at ( i );
if( c.completion.empty() || (c.completion[c.completion.size()-1] != L'/' ))
{
skip = 0;
break;
}
}
if( skip )
{
return;
}
wcstring lookup_cmd(L"__fish_describe_command ");
lookup_cmd.append(escape_string(cmd_start, 1));
std::map<wcstring, wcstring> lookup;
/*
First locate a list of possible descriptions using a single
call to apropos or a direct search if we know the location
of the whatis database. This can take some time on slower
systems with a large set of manuals, but it should be ok
since apropos is only called once.
*/
wcstring_list_t list;
if( exec_subshell( lookup_cmd, list ) != -1 )
{
/*
Then discard anything that is not a possible completion and put
the result into a hashtable with the completion as key and the
description as value.
Should be reasonably fast, since no memory allocations are needed.
*/
for( size_t i=0; i < list.size(); i++ )
{
const wcstring &elstr = list.at(i);
const wcstring fullkey(elstr, wcslen(cmd_start));
size_t tab_idx = fullkey.find(L'\t');
if( tab_idx == wcstring::npos )
continue;
const wcstring key(fullkey, 0, tab_idx);
wcstring val(fullkey, tab_idx + 1);
/*
And once again I make sure the first character is uppercased
because I like it that way, and I get to decide these
things.