Convert typing tests to use parameterized PType

[johnedquinn]

Relevant Issue/Bug

• Depends on [Tracking] Converting function implementations with provider interfaces #1646
• Relevant to Removes SEXP, SYMBOL, and DECIMAL_ARBITRARY from PType and Datum #1633 (comment)

Requested Solution/Feature

• We need to remove the use of StaticType in favor of parameterized PTypes in our tests.
• As part of this, we need to revamp our cartesian product of planner tests relevant here: Removes SEXP, SYMBOL, and DECIMAL_ARBITRARY from PType and Datum #1633 (comment). These are currently using a version of a CastTable that doesn't match the logic from SQL and is outdated (see the classification of safetyness in the cast definitions).