backport pallet-xcm::transfer_assets_using_type_and_then() (#3695) (#…

…4462)

Add `transfer_assets_using_type_and_then()` for transferring assets from
 local chain to destination chain using explicit XCM transfer types:
- `TransferType::LocalReserve`: transfer assets to sovereign account of
destination chain and forward a notification XCM to `dest` to mint and
deposit reserve-based assets to `beneficiary`.
- `TransferType::DestinationReserve`: burn local assets and forward a
notification to `dest` chain to withdraw the reserve assets from this
chain's sovereign account and deposit them to `beneficiary`.
- `TransferType::RemoteReserve(reserve)`: burn local assets, forward XCM
to `reserve` chain to move reserves from this chain's SA to `dest`
chain's SA, and forward another XCM to `dest` to mint and deposit
reserve-based assets to `beneficiary`. Typically the remote `reserve` is
Asset Hub.
- `TransferType::Teleport`: burn local assets and forward XCM to `dest`
chain to mint/teleport assets and deposit them to `beneficiary`.

By default, an asset's reserve is its origin chain. But sometimes we may
want to explicitly use another chain as reserve (as long as allowed by
runtime `IsReserve` filter).

This is very helpful for transferring assets with multiple configured
reserves (such as Asset Hub ForeignAssets), when the transfer strictly
depends on the used reserve.

E.g. For transferring Foreign Assets over a bridge, Asset Hub must be
used as the reserve location.

ERC20-tokenX is registered on AssetHub as a ForeignAsset by the
Polkadot<>Ethereum bridge (Snowbridge). Its asset_id is something like
`(parents:2, (GlobalConsensus(Ethereum), Address(tokenX_contract)))`.
Its _original_ reserve is Ethereum (only we can't use Ethereum as a
reserve in local transfers); but, since tokenX is also registered on
AssetHub as a ForeignAsset, we can use AssetHub as a reserve.

With this PR we can transfer tokenX from ParaA to ParaB while using
AssetHub as a reserve.

AssetA created on ParaA but also registered as foreign asset on Asset
Hub. Can use AssetHub as a reserve.

And all of the above can be done while still controlling transfer type
for `fees` so mixing assets in same transfer is supported.

Provides the caller with the ability to specify custom XCM that be
executed on `dest` chain as the last step of the transfer, thus allowing
custom usecases for the transferred assets. E.g. some are
used/swapped/etc there, while some are sent further to yet another
chain.

This allows usecases such as:

https://forum.polkadot.network/t/managing-sas-on-multiple-reserve-chains-for-same-asset/7538/4

Signed-off-by: Adrian Catangiu <[email protected]>

polkadot/xcm/pallet-xcm/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "pallet-xcm"
-version = "8.0.4"
+version = "8.0.5"
 description = "A pallet for handling XCM programs."
 authors.workspace = true
 edition.workspace = true