From df233d51c419be0cf63af6f6ba55335ab43ca1d0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Patrick Hoefler <patrick_hoefler@gmx.net>
Date: Wed, 10 Aug 2022 23:38:35 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 1/3] BUG: use usedforsecurity for md5 in cross merge

---
 pandas/core/reshape/merge.py | 13 ++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/pandas/core/reshape/merge.py b/pandas/core/reshape/merge.py
index 77a0d34132da0..e1ea4dbf03e31 100644
--- a/pandas/core/reshape/merge.py
+++ b/pandas/core/reshape/merge.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 import string
 from typing import (
     TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Callable,
     Hashable,
     cast,
 )
@@ -30,6 +31,7 @@
     Suffixes,
     npt,
 )
+from pandas.compat import PY39
 from pandas.errors import MergeError
 from pandas.util._decorators import (
     Appender,
@@ -1311,7 +1313,16 @@ def _create_cross_configuration(
             DataFrames with cross_col, the merge operation set to inner and the column
             to join over.
         """
-        cross_col = f"_cross_{hashlib.md5().hexdigest()}"
+        _md5: Callable
+        if PY39:
+
+            def _md5(_hashlib_md5=hashlib.md5):
+                return _hashlib_md5(usedforsecurity=False)
+
+        else:
+            _md5 = hashlib.md5
+
+        cross_col = f"_cross_{_md5().hexdigest()}"
         how = "inner"
         return (
             left.assign(**{cross_col: 1}),

From 7f694ea9d4010dc3935896afea7c2f2df50a0aca Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Patrick Hoefler <patrick_hoefler@gmx.net>
Date: Wed, 10 Aug 2022 23:40:57 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 2/3] BUG: use usedforsecurity for md5 in cross merge

---
 doc/source/whatsnew/v1.5.0.rst | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/doc/source/whatsnew/v1.5.0.rst b/doc/source/whatsnew/v1.5.0.rst
index a0d33cb513722..d794692de5005 100644
--- a/doc/source/whatsnew/v1.5.0.rst
+++ b/doc/source/whatsnew/v1.5.0.rst
@@ -1095,6 +1095,7 @@ Reshaping
 - Bug in :func:`concat` not sorting the column names when ``None`` is included (:issue:`47331`)
 - Bug in :func:`concat` with identical key leads to error when indexing :class:`MultiIndex` (:issue:`46519`)
 - Bug in :func:`pivot_table` raising ``TypeError`` when ``dropna=True`` and aggregation column has extension array dtype (:issue:`47477`)
+- Bug in :func:`merge` raising error for ``how="cross"`` when using ``FIPS`` mode in ssl library (:issue:`48024`)
 - Bug in :meth:`DataFrame.join` with a list when using suffixes to join DataFrames with duplicate column names (:issue:`46396`)
 - Bug in :meth:`DataFrame.pivot_table` with ``sort=False`` results in sorted index (:issue:`17041`)
 - Bug in :meth:`concat` when ``axis=1`` and ``sort=False`` where the resulting Index was a :class:`Int64Index` instead of a :class:`RangeIndex` (:issue:`46675`)

From 2216dda7ab31cf687b5e5c77e0ac2a686b20c886 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Patrick Hoefler <patrick_hoefler@gmx.net>
Date: Thu, 11 Aug 2022 00:39:02 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 3/3] Use uuid

---
 pandas/core/reshape/merge.py | 15 ++-------------
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pandas/core/reshape/merge.py b/pandas/core/reshape/merge.py
index e1ea4dbf03e31..4b8547bd6a232 100644
--- a/pandas/core/reshape/merge.py
+++ b/pandas/core/reshape/merge.py
@@ -6,14 +6,13 @@
 import copy
 import datetime
 from functools import partial
-import hashlib
 import string
 from typing import (
     TYPE_CHECKING,
-    Callable,
     Hashable,
     cast,
 )
+import uuid
 import warnings
 
 import numpy as np
@@ -31,7 +30,6 @@
     Suffixes,
     npt,
 )
-from pandas.compat import PY39
 from pandas.errors import MergeError
 from pandas.util._decorators import (
     Appender,
@@ -1313,16 +1311,7 @@ def _create_cross_configuration(
             DataFrames with cross_col, the merge operation set to inner and the column
             to join over.
         """
-        _md5: Callable
-        if PY39:
-
-            def _md5(_hashlib_md5=hashlib.md5):
-                return _hashlib_md5(usedforsecurity=False)
-
-        else:
-            _md5 = hashlib.md5
-
-        cross_col = f"_cross_{_md5().hexdigest()}"
+        cross_col = f"_cross_{uuid.uuid4()}"
         how = "inner"
         return (
             left.assign(**{cross_col: 1}),