diff --git a/Classification/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/classification/sgd/crf/CRFModel.java b/Classification/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/classification/sgd/crf/CRFModel.java
index 99882128a..f30d29915 100644
--- a/Classification/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/classification/sgd/crf/CRFModel.java
+++ b/Classification/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/classification/sgd/crf/CRFModel.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2015-2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2015, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 package org.tribuo.classification.sgd.crf;
 
+import com.google.protobuf.Any;
+import com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException;
 import com.oracle.labs.mlrg.olcut.util.Pair;
 import org.tribuo.Example;
 import org.tribuo.ImmutableFeatureMap;
@@ -24,10 +26,14 @@
 import org.tribuo.Prediction;
 import org.tribuo.classification.Label;
 import org.tribuo.classification.sequence.ConfidencePredictingSequenceModel;
+import org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.CRFModelProto;
+import org.tribuo.impl.ModelDataCarrier;
+import org.tribuo.math.Parameters;
 import org.tribuo.math.la.DenseVector;
 import org.tribuo.math.la.SGDVector;
 import org.tribuo.math.la.SparseVector;
 import org.tribuo.math.la.Tensor;
+import org.tribuo.protos.core.SequenceModelProto;
 import org.tribuo.provenance.ModelProvenance;
 import org.tribuo.sequence.SequenceExample;
 
@@ -59,6 +65,11 @@ public class CRFModel extends ConfidencePredictingSequenceModel {
     private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(CRFModel.class.getName());
     private static final long serialVersionUID = 2L;
 
+    /**
+     * Protobuf serialization version.
+     */
+    public static final int CURRENT_VERSION = 0;
+
     private final CRFParameters parameters;
 
     /**
@@ -87,6 +98,37 @@ public enum ConfidenceType {
         this.confidenceType = ConfidenceType.NONE;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Deserialization factory.
+     * @param version The serialized object version.
+     * @param className The class name.
+     * @param message The serialized data.
+     */
+    public static CRFModel deserializeFromProto(int version, String className, Any message) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+        if (version < 0 || version > CURRENT_VERSION) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown version " + version + ", this class supports at most version " + CURRENT_VERSION);
+        }
+        CRFModelProto proto = message.unpack(CRFModelProto.class);
+
+        ModelDataCarrier<?> carrier = ModelDataCarrier.deserialize(proto.getMetadata());
+        if (!carrier.outputDomain().getOutput(0).getClass().equals(Label.class)) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Invalid protobuf, output domain is not a label domain, found " + carrier.outputDomain().getClass());
+        }
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // guarded by getClass
+        ImmutableOutputInfo<Label> outputDomain = (ImmutableOutputInfo<Label>) carrier.outputDomain();
+
+        Parameters params = Parameters.deserialize(proto.getParams());
+        if (!(params instanceof CRFParameters)) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Invalid protobuf, parameters must be CRFParameters, found " + params.getClass());
+        }
+
+        ConfidenceType confidenceType = ConfidenceType.valueOf(proto.getConfidenceType());
+
+        CRFModel model = new CRFModel(carrier.name(),carrier.provenance(),carrier.featureDomain(),outputDomain,(CRFParameters) params);
+        model.confidenceType = confidenceType;
+        return model;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Sets the inference method used for confidence prediction.
      * If CONSTRAINED_BP uses the constrained belief propagation algorithm from Culotta and McCallum 2004,
@@ -257,6 +299,22 @@ public String generateWeightsString() {
         return buffer.toString();
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public SequenceModelProto serialize() {
+        ModelDataCarrier<Label> carrier = createDataCarrier();
+        CRFModelProto.Builder modelBuilder = CRFModelProto.newBuilder();
+        modelBuilder.setConfidenceType(confidenceType.name());
+        modelBuilder.setMetadata(carrier.serialize());
+        modelBuilder.setParams(parameters.serialize());
+
+        SequenceModelProto.Builder builder = SequenceModelProto.newBuilder();
+        builder.setVersion(CURRENT_VERSION);
+        builder.setClassName(CRFModel.class.getName());
+        builder.setSerializedData(Any.pack(modelBuilder.build()));
+
+        return builder.build();
+    }
+
     /**
      * Converts a {@link SequenceExample} into an array of {@link SparseVector}s suitable for CRF prediction.
      * @deprecated As it's replaced with {@link #convertToVector} which is more flexible.
diff --git a/Classification/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/classification/sgd/fm/FMClassificationModel.java b/Classification/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/classification/sgd/fm/FMClassificationModel.java
index 42f5a65b9..1531e07f0 100644
--- a/Classification/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/classification/sgd/fm/FMClassificationModel.java
+++ b/Classification/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/classification/sgd/fm/FMClassificationModel.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2021, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,16 +16,22 @@
 
 package org.tribuo.classification.sgd.fm;
 
+import com.google.protobuf.Any;
+import com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException;
 import org.tribuo.Example;
 import org.tribuo.ImmutableFeatureMap;
 import org.tribuo.ImmutableOutputInfo;
 import org.tribuo.ONNXExportable;
 import org.tribuo.Prediction;
 import org.tribuo.classification.Label;
+import org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.FMClassificationModelProto;
 import org.tribuo.common.sgd.AbstractFMModel;
 import org.tribuo.common.sgd.FMParameters;
+import org.tribuo.impl.ModelDataCarrier;
+import org.tribuo.math.Parameters;
 import org.tribuo.math.la.DenseVector;
 import org.tribuo.math.util.VectorNormalizer;
+import org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelProto;
 import org.tribuo.provenance.ModelProvenance;
 import org.tribuo.util.onnx.ONNXNode;
 
@@ -45,6 +51,11 @@
 public class FMClassificationModel extends AbstractFMModel<Label> implements ONNXExportable {
     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
 
+    /**
+     * Protobuf serialization version.
+     */
+    public static final int CURRENT_VERSION = 0;
+
     private final VectorNormalizer normalizer;
 
     /**
@@ -64,6 +75,35 @@ public class FMClassificationModel extends AbstractFMModel<Label> implements ONN
         this.normalizer = normalizer;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Deserialization factory.
+     * @param version The serialized object version.
+     * @param className The class name.
+     * @param message The serialized data.
+     */
+    public static FMClassificationModel deserializeFromProto(int version, String className, Any message) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+        if (version < 0 || version > CURRENT_VERSION) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown version " + version + ", this class supports at most version " + CURRENT_VERSION);
+        }
+        FMClassificationModelProto proto = message.unpack(FMClassificationModelProto.class);
+
+        ModelDataCarrier<?> carrier = ModelDataCarrier.deserialize(proto.getMetadata());
+        if (!carrier.outputDomain().getOutput(0).getClass().equals(Label.class)) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Invalid protobuf, output domain is not a label domain, found " + carrier.outputDomain().getClass());
+        }
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // guarded by getClass
+        ImmutableOutputInfo<Label> outputDomain = (ImmutableOutputInfo<Label>) carrier.outputDomain();
+
+        Parameters params = Parameters.deserialize(proto.getParams());
+        if (!(params instanceof FMParameters)) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Invalid protobuf, parameters must be FMParameters, found " + params.getClass());
+        }
+
+        VectorNormalizer normalizer = VectorNormalizer.deserialize(proto.getNormalizer());
+
+        return new FMClassificationModel(carrier.name(),carrier.provenance(),carrier.featureDomain(),outputDomain,(FMParameters) params, normalizer, carrier.generatesProbabilities());
+    }
+
     @Override
     public Prediction<Label> predict(Example<Label> example) {
         PredAndActive predTuple = predictSingle(example);
@@ -86,6 +126,22 @@ public Prediction<Label> predict(Example<Label> example) {
         return new Prediction<>(maxLabel, predMap, predTuple.numActiveFeatures, example, generatesProbabilities);
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public ModelProto serialize() {
+        ModelDataCarrier<Label> carrier = createDataCarrier();
+        FMClassificationModelProto.Builder modelBuilder = FMClassificationModelProto.newBuilder();
+        modelBuilder.setMetadata(carrier.serialize());
+        modelBuilder.setParams(modelParameters.serialize());
+        modelBuilder.setNormalizer(normalizer.serialize());
+
+        ModelProto.Builder builder = ModelProto.newBuilder();
+        builder.setVersion(CURRENT_VERSION);
+        builder.setClassName(FMClassificationModel.class.getName());
+        builder.setSerializedData(Any.pack(modelBuilder.build()));
+
+        return builder.build();
+    }
+
     @Override
     protected FMClassificationModel copy(String newName, ModelProvenance newProvenance) {
         return new FMClassificationModel(newName,newProvenance,featureIDMap,outputIDInfo,(FMParameters)modelParameters.copy(),normalizer,generatesProbabilities);
diff --git a/Classification/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/classification/sgd/kernel/KernelSVMModel.java b/Classification/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/classification/sgd/kernel/KernelSVMModel.java
index 2a287d171..f515b4d56 100644
--- a/Classification/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/classification/sgd/kernel/KernelSVMModel.java
+++ b/Classification/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/classification/sgd/kernel/KernelSVMModel.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2015-2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2015, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 package org.tribuo.classification.sgd.kernel;
 
+import com.google.protobuf.Any;
+import com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException;
 import com.oracle.labs.mlrg.olcut.util.Pair;
 import org.tribuo.Example;
 import org.tribuo.Excuse;
@@ -24,10 +26,15 @@
 import org.tribuo.Model;
 import org.tribuo.Prediction;
 import org.tribuo.classification.Label;
+import org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.KernelSVMModelProto;
+import org.tribuo.impl.ModelDataCarrier;
 import org.tribuo.math.kernel.Kernel;
 import org.tribuo.math.la.DenseMatrix;
 import org.tribuo.math.la.DenseVector;
 import org.tribuo.math.la.SparseVector;
+import org.tribuo.math.la.Tensor;
+import org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProto;
+import org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelProto;
 import org.tribuo.provenance.ModelProvenance;
 
 import java.util.Collections;
@@ -49,6 +56,11 @@
 public class KernelSVMModel extends Model<Label> {
     private static final long serialVersionUID = 2L;
 
+    /**
+     * Protobuf serialization version.
+     */
+    public static final int CURRENT_VERSION = 0;
+
     private final Kernel kernel;
     private final SparseVector[] supportVectors;
     private final DenseMatrix weights;
@@ -62,6 +74,58 @@ public class KernelSVMModel extends Model<Label> {
         this.weights = weights;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Deserialization factory.
+     * @param version The serialized object version.
+     * @param className The class name.
+     * @param message The serialized data.
+     */
+    public static KernelSVMModel deserializeFromProto(int version, String className, Any message) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+        if (version < 0 || version > CURRENT_VERSION) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown version " + version + ", this class supports at most version " + CURRENT_VERSION);
+        }
+        KernelSVMModelProto proto = message.unpack(KernelSVMModelProto.class);
+
+        ModelDataCarrier<?> carrier = ModelDataCarrier.deserialize(proto.getMetadata());
+        if (!carrier.outputDomain().getOutput(0).getClass().equals(Label.class)) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Invalid protobuf, output domain is not a label domain, found " + carrier.outputDomain().getClass());
+        }
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // guarded by getClass
+        ImmutableOutputInfo<Label> outputDomain = (ImmutableOutputInfo<Label>) carrier.outputDomain();
+
+        SparseVector[] supportVectors = new SparseVector[proto.getSupportVectorsCount()];
+        int featureSize = carrier.featureDomain().size() + 1;
+        List<TensorProto> supportProtos = proto.getSupportVectorsList();
+        for (int i = 0; i < supportProtos.size(); i++) {
+            Tensor tensor = Tensor.deserialize(supportProtos.get(i));
+            if (!(tensor instanceof SparseVector)) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Invalid protobuf, support vector must be a sparse vector, found " + tensor.getClass());
+            }
+            SparseVector vec = (SparseVector) tensor;
+            if (vec.size() != featureSize) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Invalid protobuf, support vector size must equal feature domain size, found " + vec.size() + ", expected " + featureSize);
+            }
+            supportVectors[i] = vec;
+        }
+
+        Tensor weightTensor = Tensor.deserialize(proto.getWeights());
+        if (!(weightTensor instanceof DenseMatrix)) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Invalid protobuf, weights must be a dense matrix, found " + weightTensor.getClass());
+        }
+        DenseMatrix weights = (DenseMatrix) weightTensor;
+        if (weights.getDimension1Size() != carrier.outputDomain().size()) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Invalid protobuf, weights not the right size, expected " + carrier.outputDomain().size() + ", found " + weights.getDimension1Size());
+        }
+        if (weights.getDimension2Size() != supportVectors.length) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Invalid protobuf, weights not the right size, expected " + supportVectors.length + ", found " + weights.getDimension2Size());
+        }
+
+        Kernel kernel = Kernel.deserialize(proto.getKernel());
+
+        return new KernelSVMModel(carrier.name(), carrier.provenance(), carrier.featureDomain(), outputDomain,
+                kernel, supportVectors, weights);
+    }
+
     /**
      * Returns the number of support vectors used.
      * @return The number of support vectors.
@@ -109,6 +173,25 @@ public Optional<Excuse<Label>> getExcuse(Example<Label> example) {
         return Optional.empty();
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public ModelProto serialize() {
+        ModelDataCarrier<Label> carrier = createDataCarrier();
+        KernelSVMModelProto.Builder modelBuilder = KernelSVMModelProto.newBuilder();
+        modelBuilder.setMetadata(carrier.serialize());
+        modelBuilder.setKernel(kernel.serialize());
+        modelBuilder.setWeights(weights.serialize());
+        for (SparseVector v : supportVectors) {
+            modelBuilder.addSupportVectors(v.serialize());
+        }
+
+        ModelProto.Builder builder = ModelProto.newBuilder();
+        builder.setVersion(CURRENT_VERSION);
+        builder.setClassName(KernelSVMModel.class.getName());
+        builder.setSerializedData(Any.pack(modelBuilder.build()));
+
+        return builder.build();
+    }
+
     @Override
     protected KernelSVMModel copy(String newName, ModelProvenance newProvenance) {
         SparseVector[] vectorCopies = new SparseVector[supportVectors.length];
diff --git a/Classification/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/classification/sgd/linear/LinearSGDModel.java b/Classification/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/classification/sgd/linear/LinearSGDModel.java
index 1157086a1..01a26840d 100644
--- a/Classification/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/classification/sgd/linear/LinearSGDModel.java
+++ b/Classification/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/classification/sgd/linear/LinearSGDModel.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2015-2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2015, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,17 +16,23 @@
 
 package org.tribuo.classification.sgd.linear;
 
+import com.google.protobuf.Any;
+import com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException;
 import org.tribuo.Example;
 import org.tribuo.ImmutableFeatureMap;
 import org.tribuo.ImmutableOutputInfo;
 import org.tribuo.ONNXExportable;
 import org.tribuo.Prediction;
 import org.tribuo.classification.Label;
+import org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.ClassificationLinearSGDProto;
 import org.tribuo.common.sgd.AbstractLinearSGDModel;
+import org.tribuo.impl.ModelDataCarrier;
 import org.tribuo.math.LinearParameters;
+import org.tribuo.math.Parameters;
 import org.tribuo.math.la.DenseMatrix;
 import org.tribuo.math.la.DenseVector;
 import org.tribuo.math.util.VectorNormalizer;
+import org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelProto;
 import org.tribuo.provenance.ModelProvenance;
 import org.tribuo.util.onnx.ONNXNode;
 
@@ -47,6 +53,11 @@
 public class LinearSGDModel extends AbstractLinearSGDModel<Label> implements ONNXExportable {
     private static final long serialVersionUID = 2L;
 
+    /**
+     * Protobuf serialization version.
+     */
+    public static final int CURRENT_VERSION = 0;
+
     private final VectorNormalizer normalizer;
 
     // Unused as the weights now live in AbstractSGDModel
@@ -71,6 +82,35 @@ public class LinearSGDModel extends AbstractLinearSGDModel<Label> implements ONN
         this.normalizer = normalizer;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Deserialization factory.
+     * @param version The serialized object version.
+     * @param className The class name.
+     * @param message The serialized data.
+     */
+    public static LinearSGDModel deserializeFromProto(int version, String className, Any message) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+        if (version < 0 || version > CURRENT_VERSION) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown version " + version + ", this class supports at most version " + CURRENT_VERSION);
+        }
+        ClassificationLinearSGDProto proto = message.unpack(ClassificationLinearSGDProto.class);
+
+        ModelDataCarrier<?> carrier = ModelDataCarrier.deserialize(proto.getMetadata());
+        if (!carrier.outputDomain().getOutput(0).getClass().equals(Label.class)) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Invalid protobuf, output domain is not a label domain, found " + carrier.outputDomain().getClass());
+        }
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // guarded by getClass
+        ImmutableOutputInfo<Label> outputDomain = (ImmutableOutputInfo<Label>) carrier.outputDomain();
+
+        Parameters params = Parameters.deserialize(proto.getParams());
+        if (!(params instanceof LinearParameters)) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Invalid protobuf, parameters must be LinearParameters, found " + params.getClass());
+        }
+
+        VectorNormalizer normalizer = VectorNormalizer.deserialize(proto.getNormalizer());
+
+        return new LinearSGDModel(carrier.name(),carrier.provenance(),carrier.featureDomain(),outputDomain,(LinearParameters) params, normalizer, carrier.generatesProbabilities());
+    }
+
     @Override
     public Prediction<Label> predict(Example<Label> example) {
         PredAndActive predTuple = predictSingle(example);
@@ -93,6 +133,22 @@ public Prediction<Label> predict(Example<Label> example) {
         return new Prediction<>(maxLabel, predMap, predTuple.numActiveFeatures-1, example, generatesProbabilities);
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public ModelProto serialize() {
+        ModelDataCarrier<Label> carrier = createDataCarrier();
+        ClassificationLinearSGDProto.Builder modelBuilder = ClassificationLinearSGDProto.newBuilder();
+        modelBuilder.setMetadata(carrier.serialize());
+        modelBuilder.setParams(modelParameters.serialize());
+        modelBuilder.setNormalizer(normalizer.serialize());
+
+        ModelProto.Builder builder = ModelProto.newBuilder();
+        builder.setVersion(CURRENT_VERSION);
+        builder.setClassName(LinearSGDModel.class.getName());
+        builder.setSerializedData(Any.pack(modelBuilder.build()));
+
+        return builder.build();
+    }
+
     @Override
     protected LinearSGDModel copy(String newName, ModelProvenance newProvenance) {
         return new LinearSGDModel(newName,newProvenance,featureIDMap,outputIDInfo,(LinearParameters)modelParameters.copy(),normalizer,generatesProbabilities);
diff --git a/Classification/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/classification/sgd/protos/CRFModelProto.java b/Classification/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/classification/sgd/protos/CRFModelProto.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b9132e6bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Classification/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/classification/sgd/protos/CRFModelProto.java
@@ -0,0 +1,941 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: tribuo-classification-sgd.proto
+
+package org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos;
+
+/**
+ * <pre>
+ *CRFModel proto
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * Protobuf type {@code tribuo.classification.sgd.CRFModelProto}
+ */
+public final class CRFModelProto extends
+    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3 implements
+    // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_implements:tribuo.classification.sgd.CRFModelProto)
+    CRFModelProtoOrBuilder {
+private static final long serialVersionUID = 0L;
+  // Use CRFModelProto.newBuilder() to construct.
+  private CRFModelProto(com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<?> builder) {
+    super(builder);
+  }
+  private CRFModelProto() {
+    confidenceType_ = "";
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  @SuppressWarnings({"unused"})
+  protected java.lang.Object newInstance(
+      UnusedPrivateParameter unused) {
+    return new CRFModelProto();
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet
+  getUnknownFields() {
+    return this.unknownFields;
+  }
+  private CRFModelProto(
+      com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
+      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    this();
+    if (extensionRegistry == null) {
+      throw new java.lang.NullPointerException();
+    }
+    com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet.Builder unknownFields =
+        com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder();
+    try {
+      boolean done = false;
+      while (!done) {
+        int tag = input.readTag();
+        switch (tag) {
+          case 0:
+            done = true;
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.Builder subBuilder = null;
+            if (metadata_ != null) {
+              subBuilder = metadata_.toBuilder();
+            }
+            metadata_ = input.readMessage(org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.parser(), extensionRegistry);
+            if (subBuilder != null) {
+              subBuilder.mergeFrom(metadata_);
+              metadata_ = subBuilder.buildPartial();
+            }
+
+            break;
+          }
+          case 18: {
+            org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.Builder subBuilder = null;
+            if (params_ != null) {
+              subBuilder = params_.toBuilder();
+            }
+            params_ = input.readMessage(org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.parser(), extensionRegistry);
+            if (subBuilder != null) {
+              subBuilder.mergeFrom(params_);
+              params_ = subBuilder.buildPartial();
+            }
+
+            break;
+          }
+          case 26: {
+            java.lang.String s = input.readStringRequireUtf8();
+
+            confidenceType_ = s;
+            break;
+          }
+          default: {
+            if (!parseUnknownField(
+                input, unknownFields, extensionRegistry, tag)) {
+              done = true;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    } catch (com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      throw e.setUnfinishedMessage(this);
+    } catch (java.io.IOException e) {
+      throw new com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException(
+          e).setUnfinishedMessage(this);
+    } finally {
+      this.unknownFields = unknownFields.build();
+      makeExtensionsImmutable();
+    }
+  }
+  public static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
+      getDescriptor() {
+    return org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.TribuoClassificationSgd.internal_static_tribuo_classification_sgd_CRFModelProto_descriptor;
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  protected com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable
+      internalGetFieldAccessorTable() {
+    return org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.TribuoClassificationSgd.internal_static_tribuo_classification_sgd_CRFModelProto_fieldAccessorTable
+        .ensureFieldAccessorsInitialized(
+            org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.CRFModelProto.class, org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.CRFModelProto.Builder.class);
+  }
+
+  public static final int METADATA_FIELD_NUMBER = 1;
+  private org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto metadata_;
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+   * @return Whether the metadata field is set.
+   */
+  @java.lang.Override
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+      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
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+      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
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+      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return PARSER.parseFrom(data, extensionRegistry);
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+      throws java.io.IOException {
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+      throws java.io.IOException {
+    return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
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+      throws java.io.IOException {
+    return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
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+      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws java.io.IOException {
+    return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
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+      throws java.io.IOException {
+    return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
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+  public static org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.CRFModelProto parseFrom(
+      com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
+      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws java.io.IOException {
+    return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
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+  public Builder newBuilderForType() { return newBuilder(); }
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+  public static Builder newBuilder(org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.CRFModelProto prototype) {
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+    return this == DEFAULT_INSTANCE
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+  protected Builder newBuilderForType(
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+  /**
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+    @java.lang.Override
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+    public org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.CRFModelProto build() {
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+      if (!result.isInitialized()) {
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+    public org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.CRFModelProto buildPartial() {
+      org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.CRFModelProto result = new org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.CRFModelProto(this);
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+    public Builder setField(
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+    public Builder clearField(
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+    public Builder mergeFrom(com.google.protobuf.Message other) {
+      if (other instanceof org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.CRFModelProto) {
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+    public Builder mergeFrom(org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.CRFModelProto other) {
+      if (other == org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.CRFModelProto.getDefaultInstance()) return this;
+      if (other.hasMetadata()) {
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+      if (other.hasParams()) {
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+      if (!other.getConfidenceType().isEmpty()) {
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+    @java.lang.Override
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+    @java.lang.Override
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+        com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
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+    private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<
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+    /**
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+     * @return Whether the metadata field is set.
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+    public boolean hasMetadata() {
+      return metadataBuilder_ != null || metadata_ != null;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+     * @return The metadata.
+     */
+    public org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto getMetadata() {
+      if (metadataBuilder_ == null) {
+        return metadata_ == null ? org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.getDefaultInstance() : metadata_;
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+        return metadataBuilder_.getMessage();
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+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
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+    public Builder setMetadata(org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto value) {
+      if (metadataBuilder_ == null) {
+        if (value == null) {
+          throw new NullPointerException();
+        }
+        metadata_ = value;
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        metadataBuilder_.setMessage(value);
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+
+      return this;
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+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder setMetadata(
+        org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.Builder builderForValue) {
+      if (metadataBuilder_ == null) {
+        metadata_ = builderForValue.build();
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        metadataBuilder_.setMessage(builderForValue.build());
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+
+      return this;
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+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder mergeMetadata(org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto value) {
+      if (metadataBuilder_ == null) {
+        if (metadata_ != null) {
+          metadata_ =
+            org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.newBuilder(metadata_).mergeFrom(value).buildPartial();
+        } else {
+          metadata_ = value;
+        }
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        metadataBuilder_.mergeFrom(value);
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+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder clearMetadata() {
+      if (metadataBuilder_ == null) {
+        metadata_ = null;
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        metadata_ = null;
+        metadataBuilder_ = null;
+      }
+
+      return this;
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+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+     */
+    public org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.Builder getMetadataBuilder() {
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+      onChanged();
+      return getMetadataFieldBuilder().getBuilder();
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+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+     */
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+            org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.getDefaultInstance() : metadata_;
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+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+     */
+    private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<
+        org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto, org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.Builder, org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProtoOrBuilder> 
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+        org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto, org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.Builder, org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProtoOrBuilder> paramsBuilder_;
+    /**
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+     * @return Whether the params field is set.
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+    /**
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+      return this;
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+      return this;
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+      if (paramsBuilder_ == null) {
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+      return this;
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+      if (paramsBuilder_ == null) {
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+      return this;
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+     */
+    private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<
+        org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto, org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.Builder, org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProtoOrBuilder> 
+        getParamsFieldBuilder() {
+      if (paramsBuilder_ == null) {
+        paramsBuilder_ = new com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<
+            org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto, org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.Builder, org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProtoOrBuilder>(
+                getParams(),
+                getParentForChildren(),
+                isClean());
+        params_ = null;
+      }
+      return paramsBuilder_;
+    }
+
+    private java.lang.Object confidenceType_ = "";
+    /**
+     * <code>string confidence_type = 3;</code>
+     * @return The confidenceType.
+     */
+    public java.lang.String getConfidenceType() {
+      java.lang.Object ref = confidenceType_;
+      if (!(ref instanceof java.lang.String)) {
+        com.google.protobuf.ByteString bs =
+            (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;
+        java.lang.String s = bs.toStringUtf8();
+        confidenceType_ = s;
+        return s;
+      } else {
+        return (java.lang.String) ref;
+      }
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>string confidence_type = 3;</code>
+     * @return The bytes for confidenceType.
+     */
+    public com.google.protobuf.ByteString
+        getConfidenceTypeBytes() {
+      java.lang.Object ref = confidenceType_;
+      if (ref instanceof String) {
+        com.google.protobuf.ByteString b = 
+            com.google.protobuf.ByteString.copyFromUtf8(
+                (java.lang.String) ref);
+        confidenceType_ = b;
+        return b;
+      } else {
+        return (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;
+      }
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>string confidence_type = 3;</code>
+     * @param value The confidenceType to set.
+     * @return This builder for chaining.
+     */
+    public Builder setConfidenceType(
+        java.lang.String value) {
+      if (value == null) {
+    throw new NullPointerException();
+  }
+  
+      confidenceType_ = value;
+      onChanged();
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>string confidence_type = 3;</code>
+     * @return This builder for chaining.
+     */
+    public Builder clearConfidenceType() {
+      
+      confidenceType_ = getDefaultInstance().getConfidenceType();
+      onChanged();
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>string confidence_type = 3;</code>
+     * @param value The bytes for confidenceType to set.
+     * @return This builder for chaining.
+     */
+    public Builder setConfidenceTypeBytes(
+        com.google.protobuf.ByteString value) {
+      if (value == null) {
+    throw new NullPointerException();
+  }
+  checkByteStringIsUtf8(value);
+      
+      confidenceType_ = value;
+      onChanged();
+      return this;
+    }
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public final Builder setUnknownFields(
+        final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {
+      return super.setUnknownFields(unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public final Builder mergeUnknownFields(
+        final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {
+      return super.mergeUnknownFields(unknownFields);
+    }
+
+
+    // @@protoc_insertion_point(builder_scope:tribuo.classification.sgd.CRFModelProto)
+  }
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:tribuo.classification.sgd.CRFModelProto)
+  private static final org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.CRFModelProto DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
+  static {
+    DEFAULT_INSTANCE = new org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.CRFModelProto();
+  }
+
+  public static org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.CRFModelProto getDefaultInstance() {
+    return DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
+  }
+
+  private static final com.google.protobuf.Parser<CRFModelProto>
+      PARSER = new com.google.protobuf.AbstractParser<CRFModelProto>() {
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public CRFModelProto parsePartialFrom(
+        com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
+        com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      return new CRFModelProto(input, extensionRegistry);
+    }
+  };
+
+  public static com.google.protobuf.Parser<CRFModelProto> parser() {
+    return PARSER;
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public com.google.protobuf.Parser<CRFModelProto> getParserForType() {
+    return PARSER;
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.CRFModelProto getDefaultInstanceForType() {
+    return DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
+  }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/Classification/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/classification/sgd/protos/CRFModelProtoOrBuilder.java b/Classification/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/classification/sgd/protos/CRFModelProtoOrBuilder.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..33ce66ab5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Classification/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/classification/sgd/protos/CRFModelProtoOrBuilder.java
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: tribuo-classification-sgd.proto
+
+package org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos;
+
+public interface CRFModelProtoOrBuilder extends
+    // @@protoc_insertion_point(interface_extends:tribuo.classification.sgd.CRFModelProto)
+    com.google.protobuf.MessageOrBuilder {
+
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+   * @return Whether the metadata field is set.
+   */
+  boolean hasMetadata();
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+   * @return The metadata.
+   */
+  org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto getMetadata();
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+   */
+  org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProtoOrBuilder getMetadataOrBuilder();
+
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+   * @return Whether the params field is set.
+   */
+  boolean hasParams();
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+   * @return The params.
+   */
+  org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto getParams();
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+   */
+  org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProtoOrBuilder getParamsOrBuilder();
+
+  /**
+   * <code>string confidence_type = 3;</code>
+   * @return The confidenceType.
+   */
+  java.lang.String getConfidenceType();
+  /**
+   * <code>string confidence_type = 3;</code>
+   * @return The bytes for confidenceType.
+   */
+  com.google.protobuf.ByteString
+      getConfidenceTypeBytes();
+}
diff --git a/Classification/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/classification/sgd/protos/ClassificationLinearSGDProto.java b/Classification/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/classification/sgd/protos/ClassificationLinearSGDProto.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ba9575cd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Classification/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/classification/sgd/protos/ClassificationLinearSGDProto.java
@@ -0,0 +1,991 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: tribuo-classification-sgd.proto
+
+package org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos;
+
+/**
+ * <pre>
+ *LinearSGDModel proto
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * Protobuf type {@code tribuo.classification.sgd.ClassificationLinearSGDProto}
+ */
+public final class ClassificationLinearSGDProto extends
+    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3 implements
+    // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_implements:tribuo.classification.sgd.ClassificationLinearSGDProto)
+    ClassificationLinearSGDProtoOrBuilder {
+private static final long serialVersionUID = 0L;
+  // Use ClassificationLinearSGDProto.newBuilder() to construct.
+  private ClassificationLinearSGDProto(com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<?> builder) {
+    super(builder);
+  }
+  private ClassificationLinearSGDProto() {
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  @SuppressWarnings({"unused"})
+  protected java.lang.Object newInstance(
+      UnusedPrivateParameter unused) {
+    return new ClassificationLinearSGDProto();
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet
+  getUnknownFields() {
+    return this.unknownFields;
+  }
+  private ClassificationLinearSGDProto(
+      com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
+      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    this();
+    if (extensionRegistry == null) {
+      throw new java.lang.NullPointerException();
+    }
+    com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet.Builder unknownFields =
+        com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder();
+    try {
+      boolean done = false;
+      while (!done) {
+        int tag = input.readTag();
+        switch (tag) {
+          case 0:
+            done = true;
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.Builder subBuilder = null;
+            if (metadata_ != null) {
+              subBuilder = metadata_.toBuilder();
+            }
+            metadata_ = input.readMessage(org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.parser(), extensionRegistry);
+            if (subBuilder != null) {
+              subBuilder.mergeFrom(metadata_);
+              metadata_ = subBuilder.buildPartial();
+            }
+
+            break;
+          }
+          case 18: {
+            org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.Builder subBuilder = null;
+            if (params_ != null) {
+              subBuilder = params_.toBuilder();
+            }
+            params_ = input.readMessage(org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.parser(), extensionRegistry);
+            if (subBuilder != null) {
+              subBuilder.mergeFrom(params_);
+              params_ = subBuilder.buildPartial();
+            }
+
+            break;
+          }
+          case 26: {
+            org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto.Builder subBuilder = null;
+            if (normalizer_ != null) {
+              subBuilder = normalizer_.toBuilder();
+            }
+            normalizer_ = input.readMessage(org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto.parser(), extensionRegistry);
+            if (subBuilder != null) {
+              subBuilder.mergeFrom(normalizer_);
+              normalizer_ = subBuilder.buildPartial();
+            }
+
+            break;
+          }
+          default: {
+            if (!parseUnknownField(
+                input, unknownFields, extensionRegistry, tag)) {
+              done = true;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    } catch (com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      throw e.setUnfinishedMessage(this);
+    } catch (java.io.IOException e) {
+      throw new com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException(
+          e).setUnfinishedMessage(this);
+    } finally {
+      this.unknownFields = unknownFields.build();
+      makeExtensionsImmutable();
+    }
+  }
+  public static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
+      getDescriptor() {
+    return org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.TribuoClassificationSgd.internal_static_tribuo_classification_sgd_ClassificationLinearSGDProto_descriptor;
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  protected com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable
+      internalGetFieldAccessorTable() {
+    return org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.TribuoClassificationSgd.internal_static_tribuo_classification_sgd_ClassificationLinearSGDProto_fieldAccessorTable
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+            org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.ClassificationLinearSGDProto.class, org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.ClassificationLinearSGDProto.Builder.class);
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+
+  public static final int METADATA_FIELD_NUMBER = 1;
+  private org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto metadata_;
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+   * @return Whether the metadata field is set.
+   */
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public boolean hasMetadata() {
+    return metadata_ != null;
+  }
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+   * @return The metadata.
+   */
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto getMetadata() {
+    return metadata_ == null ? org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.getDefaultInstance() : metadata_;
+  }
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+   */
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProtoOrBuilder getMetadataOrBuilder() {
+    return getMetadata();
+  }
+
+  public static final int PARAMS_FIELD_NUMBER = 2;
+  private org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto params_;
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+   * @return Whether the params field is set.
+   */
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public boolean hasParams() {
+    return params_ != null;
+  }
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+   * @return The params.
+   */
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto getParams() {
+    return params_ == null ? org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.getDefaultInstance() : params_;
+  }
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+   */
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProtoOrBuilder getParamsOrBuilder() {
+    return getParams();
+  }
+
+  public static final int NORMALIZER_FIELD_NUMBER = 3;
+  private org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto normalizer_;
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.NormalizerProto normalizer = 3;</code>
+   * @return Whether the normalizer field is set.
+   */
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public boolean hasNormalizer() {
+    return normalizer_ != null;
+  }
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.NormalizerProto normalizer = 3;</code>
+   * @return The normalizer.
+   */
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto getNormalizer() {
+    return normalizer_ == null ? org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto.getDefaultInstance() : normalizer_;
+  }
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.NormalizerProto normalizer = 3;</code>
+   */
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProtoOrBuilder getNormalizerOrBuilder() {
+    return getNormalizer();
+  }
+
+  private byte memoizedIsInitialized = -1;
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public final boolean isInitialized() {
+    byte isInitialized = memoizedIsInitialized;
+    if (isInitialized == 1) return true;
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+  @java.lang.Override
+  public void writeTo(com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream output)
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+    }
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+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public int getSerializedSize() {
+    int size = memoizedSize;
+    if (size != -1) return size;
+
+    size = 0;
+    if (metadata_ != null) {
+      size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream
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+    if (params_ != null) {
+      size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream
+        .computeMessageSize(2, getParams());
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+    if (normalizer_ != null) {
+      size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream
+        .computeMessageSize(3, getNormalizer());
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+    size += unknownFields.getSerializedSize();
+    memoizedSize = size;
+    return size;
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public boolean equals(final java.lang.Object obj) {
+    if (obj == this) {
+     return true;
+    }
+    if (!(obj instanceof org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.ClassificationLinearSGDProto)) {
+      return super.equals(obj);
+    }
+    org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.ClassificationLinearSGDProto other = (org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.ClassificationLinearSGDProto) obj;
+
+    if (hasMetadata() != other.hasMetadata()) return false;
+    if (hasMetadata()) {
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+    if (hasParams() != other.hasParams()) return false;
+    if (hasParams()) {
+      if (!getParams()
+          .equals(other.getParams())) return false;
+    }
+    if (hasNormalizer() != other.hasNormalizer()) return false;
+    if (hasNormalizer()) {
+      if (!getNormalizer()
+          .equals(other.getNormalizer())) return false;
+    }
+    if (!unknownFields.equals(other.unknownFields)) return false;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public int hashCode() {
+    if (memoizedHashCode != 0) {
+      return memoizedHashCode;
+    }
+    int hash = 41;
+    hash = (19 * hash) + getDescriptor().hashCode();
+    if (hasMetadata()) {
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+      hash = (53 * hash) + getMetadata().hashCode();
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+      hash = (53 * hash) + getParams().hashCode();
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+      hash = (53 * hash) + getNormalizer().hashCode();
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+    hash = (29 * hash) + unknownFields.hashCode();
+    memoizedHashCode = hash;
+    return hash;
+  }
+
+  public static org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.ClassificationLinearSGDProto parseFrom(
+      java.nio.ByteBuffer data)
+      throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return PARSER.parseFrom(data);
+  }
+  public static org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.ClassificationLinearSGDProto parseFrom(
+      java.nio.ByteBuffer data,
+      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return PARSER.parseFrom(data, extensionRegistry);
+  }
+  public static org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.ClassificationLinearSGDProto parseFrom(
+      com.google.protobuf.ByteString data)
+      throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return PARSER.parseFrom(data);
+  }
+  public static org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.ClassificationLinearSGDProto parseFrom(
+      com.google.protobuf.ByteString data,
+      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return PARSER.parseFrom(data, extensionRegistry);
+  }
+  public static org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.ClassificationLinearSGDProto parseFrom(byte[] data)
+      throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return PARSER.parseFrom(data);
+  }
+  public static org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.ClassificationLinearSGDProto parseFrom(
+      byte[] data,
+      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return PARSER.parseFrom(data, extensionRegistry);
+  }
+  public static org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.ClassificationLinearSGDProto parseFrom(java.io.InputStream input)
+      throws java.io.IOException {
+    return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
+        .parseWithIOException(PARSER, input);
+  }
+  public static org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.ClassificationLinearSGDProto parseFrom(
+      java.io.InputStream input,
+      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws java.io.IOException {
+    return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
+        .parseWithIOException(PARSER, input, extensionRegistry);
+  }
+  public static org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.ClassificationLinearSGDProto parseDelimitedFrom(java.io.InputStream input)
+      throws java.io.IOException {
+    return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
+        .parseDelimitedWithIOException(PARSER, input);
+  }
+  public static org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.ClassificationLinearSGDProto parseDelimitedFrom(
+      java.io.InputStream input,
+      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws java.io.IOException {
+    return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
+        .parseDelimitedWithIOException(PARSER, input, extensionRegistry);
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+  public static org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.ClassificationLinearSGDProto parseFrom(
+      com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input)
+      throws java.io.IOException {
+    return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
+        .parseWithIOException(PARSER, input);
+  }
+  public static org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.ClassificationLinearSGDProto parseFrom(
+      com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
+      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws java.io.IOException {
+    return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
+        .parseWithIOException(PARSER, input, extensionRegistry);
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public Builder newBuilderForType() { return newBuilder(); }
+  public static Builder newBuilder() {
+    return DEFAULT_INSTANCE.toBuilder();
+  }
+  public static Builder newBuilder(org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.ClassificationLinearSGDProto prototype) {
+    return DEFAULT_INSTANCE.toBuilder().mergeFrom(prototype);
+  }
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public Builder toBuilder() {
+    return this == DEFAULT_INSTANCE
+        ? new Builder() : new Builder().mergeFrom(this);
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  protected Builder newBuilderForType(
+      com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.BuilderParent parent) {
+    Builder builder = new Builder(parent);
+    return builder;
+  }
+  /**
+   * <pre>
+   *LinearSGDModel proto
+   * </pre>
+   *
+   * Protobuf type {@code tribuo.classification.sgd.ClassificationLinearSGDProto}
+   */
+  public static final class Builder extends
+      com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<Builder> implements
+      // @@protoc_insertion_point(builder_implements:tribuo.classification.sgd.ClassificationLinearSGDProto)
+      org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.ClassificationLinearSGDProtoOrBuilder {
+    public static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
+        getDescriptor() {
+      return org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.TribuoClassificationSgd.internal_static_tribuo_classification_sgd_ClassificationLinearSGDProto_descriptor;
+    }
+
+    @java.lang.Override
+    protected com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable
+        internalGetFieldAccessorTable() {
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+    }
+
+    // Construct using org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.ClassificationLinearSGDProto.newBuilder()
+    private Builder() {
+      maybeForceBuilderInitialization();
+    }
+
+    private Builder(
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+      super(parent);
+      maybeForceBuilderInitialization();
+    }
+    private void maybeForceBuilderInitialization() {
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+      } else {
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+        normalizerBuilder_ = null;
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+      return this;
+    }
+
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
+        getDescriptorForType() {
+      return org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.TribuoClassificationSgd.internal_static_tribuo_classification_sgd_ClassificationLinearSGDProto_descriptor;
+    }
+
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.ClassificationLinearSGDProto getDefaultInstanceForType() {
+      return org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.ClassificationLinearSGDProto.getDefaultInstance();
+    }
+
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.ClassificationLinearSGDProto build() {
+      org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.ClassificationLinearSGDProto result = buildPartial();
+      if (!result.isInitialized()) {
+        throw newUninitializedMessageException(result);
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.ClassificationLinearSGDProto buildPartial() {
+      org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.ClassificationLinearSGDProto result = new org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.ClassificationLinearSGDProto(this);
+      if (metadataBuilder_ == null) {
+        result.metadata_ = metadata_;
+      } else {
+        result.metadata_ = metadataBuilder_.build();
+      }
+      if (paramsBuilder_ == null) {
+        result.params_ = params_;
+      } else {
+        result.params_ = paramsBuilder_.build();
+      }
+      if (normalizerBuilder_ == null) {
+        result.normalizer_ = normalizer_;
+      } else {
+        result.normalizer_ = normalizerBuilder_.build();
+      }
+      onBuilt();
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public Builder clone() {
+      return super.clone();
+    }
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public Builder setField(
+        com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field,
+        java.lang.Object value) {
+      return super.setField(field, value);
+    }
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public Builder clearField(
+        com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field) {
+      return super.clearField(field);
+    }
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public Builder clearOneof(
+        com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.OneofDescriptor oneof) {
+      return super.clearOneof(oneof);
+    }
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public Builder setRepeatedField(
+        com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field,
+        int index, java.lang.Object value) {
+      return super.setRepeatedField(field, index, value);
+    }
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public Builder addRepeatedField(
+        com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field,
+        java.lang.Object value) {
+      return super.addRepeatedField(field, value);
+    }
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public Builder mergeFrom(com.google.protobuf.Message other) {
+      if (other instanceof org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.ClassificationLinearSGDProto) {
+        return mergeFrom((org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.ClassificationLinearSGDProto)other);
+      } else {
+        super.mergeFrom(other);
+        return this;
+      }
+    }
+
+    public Builder mergeFrom(org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.ClassificationLinearSGDProto other) {
+      if (other == org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.ClassificationLinearSGDProto.getDefaultInstance()) return this;
+      if (other.hasMetadata()) {
+        mergeMetadata(other.getMetadata());
+      }
+      if (other.hasParams()) {
+        mergeParams(other.getParams());
+      }
+      if (other.hasNormalizer()) {
+        mergeNormalizer(other.getNormalizer());
+      }
+      this.mergeUnknownFields(other.unknownFields);
+      onChanged();
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public final boolean isInitialized() {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public Builder mergeFrom(
+        com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
+        com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws java.io.IOException {
+      org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.ClassificationLinearSGDProto parsedMessage = null;
+      try {
+        parsedMessage = PARSER.parsePartialFrom(input, extensionRegistry);
+      } catch (com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+        parsedMessage = (org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.ClassificationLinearSGDProto) e.getUnfinishedMessage();
+        throw e.unwrapIOException();
+      } finally {
+        if (parsedMessage != null) {
+          mergeFrom(parsedMessage);
+        }
+      }
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    private org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto metadata_;
+    private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<
+        org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto, org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.Builder, org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProtoOrBuilder> metadataBuilder_;
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+     * @return Whether the metadata field is set.
+     */
+    public boolean hasMetadata() {
+      return metadataBuilder_ != null || metadata_ != null;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+     * @return The metadata.
+     */
+    public org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto getMetadata() {
+      if (metadataBuilder_ == null) {
+        return metadata_ == null ? org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.getDefaultInstance() : metadata_;
+      } else {
+        return metadataBuilder_.getMessage();
+      }
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder setMetadata(org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto value) {
+      if (metadataBuilder_ == null) {
+        if (value == null) {
+          throw new NullPointerException();
+        }
+        metadata_ = value;
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        metadataBuilder_.setMessage(value);
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder setMetadata(
+        org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.Builder builderForValue) {
+      if (metadataBuilder_ == null) {
+        metadata_ = builderForValue.build();
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        metadataBuilder_.setMessage(builderForValue.build());
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder mergeMetadata(org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto value) {
+      if (metadataBuilder_ == null) {
+        if (metadata_ != null) {
+          metadata_ =
+            org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.newBuilder(metadata_).mergeFrom(value).buildPartial();
+        } else {
+          metadata_ = value;
+        }
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        metadataBuilder_.mergeFrom(value);
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder clearMetadata() {
+      if (metadataBuilder_ == null) {
+        metadata_ = null;
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        metadata_ = null;
+        metadataBuilder_ = null;
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+     */
+    public org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.Builder getMetadataBuilder() {
+      
+      onChanged();
+      return getMetadataFieldBuilder().getBuilder();
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+     */
+    public org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProtoOrBuilder getMetadataOrBuilder() {
+      if (metadataBuilder_ != null) {
+        return metadataBuilder_.getMessageOrBuilder();
+      } else {
+        return metadata_ == null ?
+            org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.getDefaultInstance() : metadata_;
+      }
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+     */
+    private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<
+        org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto, org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.Builder, org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProtoOrBuilder> 
+        getMetadataFieldBuilder() {
+      if (metadataBuilder_ == null) {
+        metadataBuilder_ = new com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<
+            org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto, org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.Builder, org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProtoOrBuilder>(
+                getMetadata(),
+                getParentForChildren(),
+                isClean());
+        metadata_ = null;
+      }
+      return metadataBuilder_;
+    }
+
+    private org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto params_;
+    private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<
+        org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto, org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.Builder, org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProtoOrBuilder> paramsBuilder_;
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+     * @return Whether the params field is set.
+     */
+    public boolean hasParams() {
+      return paramsBuilder_ != null || params_ != null;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+     * @return The params.
+     */
+    public org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto getParams() {
+      if (paramsBuilder_ == null) {
+        return params_ == null ? org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.getDefaultInstance() : params_;
+      } else {
+        return paramsBuilder_.getMessage();
+      }
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder setParams(org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto value) {
+      if (paramsBuilder_ == null) {
+        if (value == null) {
+          throw new NullPointerException();
+        }
+        params_ = value;
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        paramsBuilder_.setMessage(value);
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder setParams(
+        org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.Builder builderForValue) {
+      if (paramsBuilder_ == null) {
+        params_ = builderForValue.build();
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        paramsBuilder_.setMessage(builderForValue.build());
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder mergeParams(org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto value) {
+      if (paramsBuilder_ == null) {
+        if (params_ != null) {
+          params_ =
+            org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.newBuilder(params_).mergeFrom(value).buildPartial();
+        } else {
+          params_ = value;
+        }
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        paramsBuilder_.mergeFrom(value);
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder clearParams() {
+      if (paramsBuilder_ == null) {
+        params_ = null;
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        params_ = null;
+        paramsBuilder_ = null;
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+     */
+    public org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.Builder getParamsBuilder() {
+      
+      onChanged();
+      return getParamsFieldBuilder().getBuilder();
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+     */
+    public org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProtoOrBuilder getParamsOrBuilder() {
+      if (paramsBuilder_ != null) {
+        return paramsBuilder_.getMessageOrBuilder();
+      } else {
+        return params_ == null ?
+            org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.getDefaultInstance() : params_;
+      }
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+     */
+    private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<
+        org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto, org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.Builder, org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProtoOrBuilder> 
+        getParamsFieldBuilder() {
+      if (paramsBuilder_ == null) {
+        paramsBuilder_ = new com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<
+            org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto, org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.Builder, org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProtoOrBuilder>(
+                getParams(),
+                getParentForChildren(),
+                isClean());
+        params_ = null;
+      }
+      return paramsBuilder_;
+    }
+
+    private org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto normalizer_;
+    private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<
+        org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto, org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto.Builder, org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProtoOrBuilder> normalizerBuilder_;
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.NormalizerProto normalizer = 3;</code>
+     * @return Whether the normalizer field is set.
+     */
+    public boolean hasNormalizer() {
+      return normalizerBuilder_ != null || normalizer_ != null;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.NormalizerProto normalizer = 3;</code>
+     * @return The normalizer.
+     */
+    public org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto getNormalizer() {
+      if (normalizerBuilder_ == null) {
+        return normalizer_ == null ? org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto.getDefaultInstance() : normalizer_;
+      } else {
+        return normalizerBuilder_.getMessage();
+      }
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.NormalizerProto normalizer = 3;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder setNormalizer(org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto value) {
+      if (normalizerBuilder_ == null) {
+        if (value == null) {
+          throw new NullPointerException();
+        }
+        normalizer_ = value;
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        normalizerBuilder_.setMessage(value);
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.NormalizerProto normalizer = 3;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder setNormalizer(
+        org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto.Builder builderForValue) {
+      if (normalizerBuilder_ == null) {
+        normalizer_ = builderForValue.build();
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        normalizerBuilder_.setMessage(builderForValue.build());
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.NormalizerProto normalizer = 3;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder mergeNormalizer(org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto value) {
+      if (normalizerBuilder_ == null) {
+        if (normalizer_ != null) {
+          normalizer_ =
+            org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto.newBuilder(normalizer_).mergeFrom(value).buildPartial();
+        } else {
+          normalizer_ = value;
+        }
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        normalizerBuilder_.mergeFrom(value);
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.NormalizerProto normalizer = 3;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder clearNormalizer() {
+      if (normalizerBuilder_ == null) {
+        normalizer_ = null;
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        normalizer_ = null;
+        normalizerBuilder_ = null;
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.NormalizerProto normalizer = 3;</code>
+     */
+    public org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto.Builder getNormalizerBuilder() {
+      
+      onChanged();
+      return getNormalizerFieldBuilder().getBuilder();
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.NormalizerProto normalizer = 3;</code>
+     */
+    public org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProtoOrBuilder getNormalizerOrBuilder() {
+      if (normalizerBuilder_ != null) {
+        return normalizerBuilder_.getMessageOrBuilder();
+      } else {
+        return normalizer_ == null ?
+            org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto.getDefaultInstance() : normalizer_;
+      }
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.NormalizerProto normalizer = 3;</code>
+     */
+    private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<
+        org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto, org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto.Builder, org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProtoOrBuilder> 
+        getNormalizerFieldBuilder() {
+      if (normalizerBuilder_ == null) {
+        normalizerBuilder_ = new com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<
+            org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto, org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto.Builder, org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProtoOrBuilder>(
+                getNormalizer(),
+                getParentForChildren(),
+                isClean());
+        normalizer_ = null;
+      }
+      return normalizerBuilder_;
+    }
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public final Builder setUnknownFields(
+        final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {
+      return super.setUnknownFields(unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public final Builder mergeUnknownFields(
+        final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {
+      return super.mergeUnknownFields(unknownFields);
+    }
+
+
+    // @@protoc_insertion_point(builder_scope:tribuo.classification.sgd.ClassificationLinearSGDProto)
+  }
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:tribuo.classification.sgd.ClassificationLinearSGDProto)
+  private static final org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.ClassificationLinearSGDProto DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
+  static {
+    DEFAULT_INSTANCE = new org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.ClassificationLinearSGDProto();
+  }
+
+  public static org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.ClassificationLinearSGDProto getDefaultInstance() {
+    return DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
+  }
+
+  private static final com.google.protobuf.Parser<ClassificationLinearSGDProto>
+      PARSER = new com.google.protobuf.AbstractParser<ClassificationLinearSGDProto>() {
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public ClassificationLinearSGDProto parsePartialFrom(
+        com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
+        com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      return new ClassificationLinearSGDProto(input, extensionRegistry);
+    }
+  };
+
+  public static com.google.protobuf.Parser<ClassificationLinearSGDProto> parser() {
+    return PARSER;
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public com.google.protobuf.Parser<ClassificationLinearSGDProto> getParserForType() {
+    return PARSER;
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.ClassificationLinearSGDProto getDefaultInstanceForType() {
+    return DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
+  }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/Classification/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/classification/sgd/protos/ClassificationLinearSGDProtoOrBuilder.java b/Classification/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/classification/sgd/protos/ClassificationLinearSGDProtoOrBuilder.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4a5196185
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Classification/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/classification/sgd/protos/ClassificationLinearSGDProtoOrBuilder.java
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: tribuo-classification-sgd.proto
+
+package org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos;
+
+public interface ClassificationLinearSGDProtoOrBuilder extends
+    // @@protoc_insertion_point(interface_extends:tribuo.classification.sgd.ClassificationLinearSGDProto)
+    com.google.protobuf.MessageOrBuilder {
+
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+   * @return Whether the metadata field is set.
+   */
+  boolean hasMetadata();
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+   * @return The metadata.
+   */
+  org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto getMetadata();
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+   */
+  org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProtoOrBuilder getMetadataOrBuilder();
+
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+   * @return Whether the params field is set.
+   */
+  boolean hasParams();
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+   * @return The params.
+   */
+  org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto getParams();
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+   */
+  org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProtoOrBuilder getParamsOrBuilder();
+
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.NormalizerProto normalizer = 3;</code>
+   * @return Whether the normalizer field is set.
+   */
+  boolean hasNormalizer();
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.NormalizerProto normalizer = 3;</code>
+   * @return The normalizer.
+   */
+  org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto getNormalizer();
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.NormalizerProto normalizer = 3;</code>
+   */
+  org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProtoOrBuilder getNormalizerOrBuilder();
+}
diff --git a/Classification/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/classification/sgd/protos/FMClassificationModelProto.java b/Classification/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/classification/sgd/protos/FMClassificationModelProto.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..517182f15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Classification/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/classification/sgd/protos/FMClassificationModelProto.java
@@ -0,0 +1,991 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: tribuo-classification-sgd.proto
+
+package org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos;
+
+/**
+ * <pre>
+ *FMClassificationModel proto
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * Protobuf type {@code tribuo.classification.sgd.FMClassificationModelProto}
+ */
+public final class FMClassificationModelProto extends
+    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3 implements
+    // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_implements:tribuo.classification.sgd.FMClassificationModelProto)
+    FMClassificationModelProtoOrBuilder {
+private static final long serialVersionUID = 0L;
+  // Use FMClassificationModelProto.newBuilder() to construct.
+  private FMClassificationModelProto(com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<?> builder) {
+    super(builder);
+  }
+  private FMClassificationModelProto() {
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  @SuppressWarnings({"unused"})
+  protected java.lang.Object newInstance(
+      UnusedPrivateParameter unused) {
+    return new FMClassificationModelProto();
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet
+  getUnknownFields() {
+    return this.unknownFields;
+  }
+  private FMClassificationModelProto(
+      com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
+      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    this();
+    if (extensionRegistry == null) {
+      throw new java.lang.NullPointerException();
+    }
+    com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet.Builder unknownFields =
+        com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder();
+    try {
+      boolean done = false;
+      while (!done) {
+        int tag = input.readTag();
+        switch (tag) {
+          case 0:
+            done = true;
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.Builder subBuilder = null;
+            if (metadata_ != null) {
+              subBuilder = metadata_.toBuilder();
+            }
+            metadata_ = input.readMessage(org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.parser(), extensionRegistry);
+            if (subBuilder != null) {
+              subBuilder.mergeFrom(metadata_);
+              metadata_ = subBuilder.buildPartial();
+            }
+
+            break;
+          }
+          case 18: {
+            org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.Builder subBuilder = null;
+            if (params_ != null) {
+              subBuilder = params_.toBuilder();
+            }
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+      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
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+    public org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.FMClassificationModelProto buildPartial() {
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+    public Builder mergeFrom(org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.FMClassificationModelProto other) {
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+        metadata_ = value;
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+      return this;
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+      if (metadataBuilder_ == null) {
+        if (metadata_ != null) {
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+      return this;
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+        onChanged();
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+        metadataBuilder_ = null;
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+
+      return this;
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+     * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
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+      onChanged();
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+        }
+        params_ = value;
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        paramsBuilder_.setMessage(value);
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder setParams(
+        org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.Builder builderForValue) {
+      if (paramsBuilder_ == null) {
+        params_ = builderForValue.build();
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        paramsBuilder_.setMessage(builderForValue.build());
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder mergeParams(org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto value) {
+      if (paramsBuilder_ == null) {
+        if (params_ != null) {
+          params_ =
+            org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.newBuilder(params_).mergeFrom(value).buildPartial();
+        } else {
+          params_ = value;
+        }
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        paramsBuilder_.mergeFrom(value);
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder clearParams() {
+      if (paramsBuilder_ == null) {
+        params_ = null;
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        params_ = null;
+        paramsBuilder_ = null;
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+     */
+    public org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.Builder getParamsBuilder() {
+      
+      onChanged();
+      return getParamsFieldBuilder().getBuilder();
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+     */
+    public org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProtoOrBuilder getParamsOrBuilder() {
+      if (paramsBuilder_ != null) {
+        return paramsBuilder_.getMessageOrBuilder();
+      } else {
+        return params_ == null ?
+            org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.getDefaultInstance() : params_;
+      }
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+     */
+    private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<
+        org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto, org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.Builder, org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProtoOrBuilder> 
+        getParamsFieldBuilder() {
+      if (paramsBuilder_ == null) {
+        paramsBuilder_ = new com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<
+            org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto, org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.Builder, org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProtoOrBuilder>(
+                getParams(),
+                getParentForChildren(),
+                isClean());
+        params_ = null;
+      }
+      return paramsBuilder_;
+    }
+
+    private org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto normalizer_;
+    private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<
+        org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto, org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto.Builder, org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProtoOrBuilder> normalizerBuilder_;
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.NormalizerProto normalizer = 3;</code>
+     * @return Whether the normalizer field is set.
+     */
+    public boolean hasNormalizer() {
+      return normalizerBuilder_ != null || normalizer_ != null;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.NormalizerProto normalizer = 3;</code>
+     * @return The normalizer.
+     */
+    public org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto getNormalizer() {
+      if (normalizerBuilder_ == null) {
+        return normalizer_ == null ? org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto.getDefaultInstance() : normalizer_;
+      } else {
+        return normalizerBuilder_.getMessage();
+      }
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.NormalizerProto normalizer = 3;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder setNormalizer(org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto value) {
+      if (normalizerBuilder_ == null) {
+        if (value == null) {
+          throw new NullPointerException();
+        }
+        normalizer_ = value;
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        normalizerBuilder_.setMessage(value);
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.NormalizerProto normalizer = 3;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder setNormalizer(
+        org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto.Builder builderForValue) {
+      if (normalizerBuilder_ == null) {
+        normalizer_ = builderForValue.build();
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        normalizerBuilder_.setMessage(builderForValue.build());
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.NormalizerProto normalizer = 3;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder mergeNormalizer(org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto value) {
+      if (normalizerBuilder_ == null) {
+        if (normalizer_ != null) {
+          normalizer_ =
+            org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto.newBuilder(normalizer_).mergeFrom(value).buildPartial();
+        } else {
+          normalizer_ = value;
+        }
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        normalizerBuilder_.mergeFrom(value);
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.NormalizerProto normalizer = 3;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder clearNormalizer() {
+      if (normalizerBuilder_ == null) {
+        normalizer_ = null;
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        normalizer_ = null;
+        normalizerBuilder_ = null;
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.NormalizerProto normalizer = 3;</code>
+     */
+    public org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto.Builder getNormalizerBuilder() {
+      
+      onChanged();
+      return getNormalizerFieldBuilder().getBuilder();
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.NormalizerProto normalizer = 3;</code>
+     */
+    public org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProtoOrBuilder getNormalizerOrBuilder() {
+      if (normalizerBuilder_ != null) {
+        return normalizerBuilder_.getMessageOrBuilder();
+      } else {
+        return normalizer_ == null ?
+            org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto.getDefaultInstance() : normalizer_;
+      }
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.NormalizerProto normalizer = 3;</code>
+     */
+    private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<
+        org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto, org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto.Builder, org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProtoOrBuilder> 
+        getNormalizerFieldBuilder() {
+      if (normalizerBuilder_ == null) {
+        normalizerBuilder_ = new com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<
+            org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto, org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto.Builder, org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProtoOrBuilder>(
+                getNormalizer(),
+                getParentForChildren(),
+                isClean());
+        normalizer_ = null;
+      }
+      return normalizerBuilder_;
+    }
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public final Builder setUnknownFields(
+        final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {
+      return super.setUnknownFields(unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public final Builder mergeUnknownFields(
+        final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {
+      return super.mergeUnknownFields(unknownFields);
+    }
+
+
+    // @@protoc_insertion_point(builder_scope:tribuo.classification.sgd.FMClassificationModelProto)
+  }
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:tribuo.classification.sgd.FMClassificationModelProto)
+  private static final org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.FMClassificationModelProto DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
+  static {
+    DEFAULT_INSTANCE = new org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.FMClassificationModelProto();
+  }
+
+  public static org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.FMClassificationModelProto getDefaultInstance() {
+    return DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
+  }
+
+  private static final com.google.protobuf.Parser<FMClassificationModelProto>
+      PARSER = new com.google.protobuf.AbstractParser<FMClassificationModelProto>() {
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public FMClassificationModelProto parsePartialFrom(
+        com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
+        com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      return new FMClassificationModelProto(input, extensionRegistry);
+    }
+  };
+
+  public static com.google.protobuf.Parser<FMClassificationModelProto> parser() {
+    return PARSER;
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public com.google.protobuf.Parser<FMClassificationModelProto> getParserForType() {
+    return PARSER;
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.FMClassificationModelProto getDefaultInstanceForType() {
+    return DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
+  }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/Classification/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/classification/sgd/protos/FMClassificationModelProtoOrBuilder.java b/Classification/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/classification/sgd/protos/FMClassificationModelProtoOrBuilder.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6ff255f73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Classification/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/classification/sgd/protos/FMClassificationModelProtoOrBuilder.java
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: tribuo-classification-sgd.proto
+
+package org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos;
+
+public interface FMClassificationModelProtoOrBuilder extends
+    // @@protoc_insertion_point(interface_extends:tribuo.classification.sgd.FMClassificationModelProto)
+    com.google.protobuf.MessageOrBuilder {
+
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+   * @return Whether the metadata field is set.
+   */
+  boolean hasMetadata();
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+   * @return The metadata.
+   */
+  org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto getMetadata();
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+   */
+  org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProtoOrBuilder getMetadataOrBuilder();
+
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+   * @return Whether the params field is set.
+   */
+  boolean hasParams();
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+   * @return The params.
+   */
+  org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto getParams();
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+   */
+  org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProtoOrBuilder getParamsOrBuilder();
+
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.NormalizerProto normalizer = 3;</code>
+   * @return Whether the normalizer field is set.
+   */
+  boolean hasNormalizer();
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.NormalizerProto normalizer = 3;</code>
+   * @return The normalizer.
+   */
+  org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto getNormalizer();
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.NormalizerProto normalizer = 3;</code>
+   */
+  org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProtoOrBuilder getNormalizerOrBuilder();
+}
diff --git a/Classification/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/classification/sgd/protos/KernelSVMModelProto.java b/Classification/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/classification/sgd/protos/KernelSVMModelProto.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..049e1dae1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Classification/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/classification/sgd/protos/KernelSVMModelProto.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1342 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: tribuo-classification-sgd.proto
+
+package org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos;
+
+/**
+ * <pre>
+ *KernelSVMModel proto
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * Protobuf type {@code tribuo.classification.sgd.KernelSVMModelProto}
+ */
+public final class KernelSVMModelProto extends
+    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3 implements
+    // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_implements:tribuo.classification.sgd.KernelSVMModelProto)
+    KernelSVMModelProtoOrBuilder {
+private static final long serialVersionUID = 0L;
+  // Use KernelSVMModelProto.newBuilder() to construct.
+  private KernelSVMModelProto(com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<?> builder) {
+    super(builder);
+  }
+  private KernelSVMModelProto() {
+    supportVectors_ = java.util.Collections.emptyList();
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  @SuppressWarnings({"unused"})
+  protected java.lang.Object newInstance(
+      UnusedPrivateParameter unused) {
+    return new KernelSVMModelProto();
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet
+  getUnknownFields() {
+    return this.unknownFields;
+  }
+  private KernelSVMModelProto(
+      com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
+      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    this();
+    if (extensionRegistry == null) {
+      throw new java.lang.NullPointerException();
+    }
+    int mutable_bitField0_ = 0;
+    com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet.Builder unknownFields =
+        com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder();
+    try {
+      boolean done = false;
+      while (!done) {
+        int tag = input.readTag();
+        switch (tag) {
+          case 0:
+            done = true;
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.Builder subBuilder = null;
+            if (metadata_ != null) {
+              subBuilder = metadata_.toBuilder();
+            }
+            metadata_ = input.readMessage(org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.parser(), extensionRegistry);
+            if (subBuilder != null) {
+              subBuilder.mergeFrom(metadata_);
+              metadata_ = subBuilder.buildPartial();
+            }
+
+            break;
+          }
+          case 18: {
+            org.tribuo.math.protos.KernelProto.Builder subBuilder = null;
+            if (kernel_ != null) {
+              subBuilder = kernel_.toBuilder();
+            }
+            kernel_ = input.readMessage(org.tribuo.math.protos.KernelProto.parser(), extensionRegistry);
+            if (subBuilder != null) {
+              subBuilder.mergeFrom(kernel_);
+              kernel_ = subBuilder.buildPartial();
+            }
+
+            break;
+          }
+          case 26: {
+            org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProto.Builder subBuilder = null;
+            if (weights_ != null) {
+              subBuilder = weights_.toBuilder();
+            }
+            weights_ = input.readMessage(org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProto.parser(), extensionRegistry);
+            if (subBuilder != null) {
+              subBuilder.mergeFrom(weights_);
+              weights_ = subBuilder.buildPartial();
+            }
+
+            break;
+          }
+          case 34: {
+            if (!((mutable_bitField0_ & 0x00000001) != 0)) {
+              supportVectors_ = new java.util.ArrayList<org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProto>();
+              mutable_bitField0_ |= 0x00000001;
+            }
+            supportVectors_.add(
+                input.readMessage(org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProto.parser(), extensionRegistry));
+            break;
+          }
+          default: {
+            if (!parseUnknownField(
+                input, unknownFields, extensionRegistry, tag)) {
+              done = true;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    } catch (com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      throw e.setUnfinishedMessage(this);
+    } catch (java.io.IOException e) {
+      throw new com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException(
+          e).setUnfinishedMessage(this);
+    } finally {
+      if (((mutable_bitField0_ & 0x00000001) != 0)) {
+        supportVectors_ = java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList(supportVectors_);
+      }
+      this.unknownFields = unknownFields.build();
+      makeExtensionsImmutable();
+    }
+  }
+  public static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
+      getDescriptor() {
+    return org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.TribuoClassificationSgd.internal_static_tribuo_classification_sgd_KernelSVMModelProto_descriptor;
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  protected com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable
+      internalGetFieldAccessorTable() {
+    return org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.TribuoClassificationSgd.internal_static_tribuo_classification_sgd_KernelSVMModelProto_fieldAccessorTable
+        .ensureFieldAccessorsInitialized(
+            org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.KernelSVMModelProto.class, org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.KernelSVMModelProto.Builder.class);
+  }
+
+  public static final int METADATA_FIELD_NUMBER = 1;
+  private org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto metadata_;
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+   * @return Whether the metadata field is set.
+   */
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public boolean hasMetadata() {
+    return metadata_ != null;
+  }
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+   * @return The metadata.
+   */
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto getMetadata() {
+    return metadata_ == null ? org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.getDefaultInstance() : metadata_;
+  }
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+   */
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProtoOrBuilder getMetadataOrBuilder() {
+    return getMetadata();
+  }
+
+  public static final int KERNEL_FIELD_NUMBER = 2;
+  private org.tribuo.math.protos.KernelProto kernel_;
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.KernelProto kernel = 2;</code>
+   * @return Whether the kernel field is set.
+   */
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public boolean hasKernel() {
+    return kernel_ != null;
+  }
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.KernelProto kernel = 2;</code>
+   * @return The kernel.
+   */
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public org.tribuo.math.protos.KernelProto getKernel() {
+    return kernel_ == null ? org.tribuo.math.protos.KernelProto.getDefaultInstance() : kernel_;
+  }
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.KernelProto kernel = 2;</code>
+   */
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public org.tribuo.math.protos.KernelProtoOrBuilder getKernelOrBuilder() {
+    return getKernel();
+  }
+
+  public static final int WEIGHTS_FIELD_NUMBER = 3;
+  private org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProto weights_;
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.TensorProto weights = 3;</code>
+   * @return Whether the weights field is set.
+   */
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public boolean hasWeights() {
+    return weights_ != null;
+  }
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.TensorProto weights = 3;</code>
+   * @return The weights.
+   */
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProto getWeights() {
+    return weights_ == null ? org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProto.getDefaultInstance() : weights_;
+  }
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.TensorProto weights = 3;</code>
+   */
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProtoOrBuilder getWeightsOrBuilder() {
+    return getWeights();
+  }
+
+  public static final int SUPPORT_VECTORS_FIELD_NUMBER = 4;
+  private java.util.List<org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProto> supportVectors_;
+  /**
+   * <code>repeated .tribuo.math.TensorProto support_vectors = 4;</code>
+   */
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public java.util.List<org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProto> getSupportVectorsList() {
+    return supportVectors_;
+  }
+  /**
+   * <code>repeated .tribuo.math.TensorProto support_vectors = 4;</code>
+   */
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public java.util.List<? extends org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProtoOrBuilder> 
+      getSupportVectorsOrBuilderList() {
+    return supportVectors_;
+  }
+  /**
+   * <code>repeated .tribuo.math.TensorProto support_vectors = 4;</code>
+   */
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public int getSupportVectorsCount() {
+    return supportVectors_.size();
+  }
+  /**
+   * <code>repeated .tribuo.math.TensorProto support_vectors = 4;</code>
+   */
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProto getSupportVectors(int index) {
+    return supportVectors_.get(index);
+  }
+  /**
+   * <code>repeated .tribuo.math.TensorProto support_vectors = 4;</code>
+   */
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProtoOrBuilder getSupportVectorsOrBuilder(
+      int index) {
+    return supportVectors_.get(index);
+  }
+
+  private byte memoizedIsInitialized = -1;
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public final boolean isInitialized() {
+    byte isInitialized = memoizedIsInitialized;
+    if (isInitialized == 1) return true;
+    if (isInitialized == 0) return false;
+
+    memoizedIsInitialized = 1;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public void writeTo(com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream output)
+                      throws java.io.IOException {
+    if (metadata_ != null) {
+      output.writeMessage(1, getMetadata());
+    }
+    if (kernel_ != null) {
+      output.writeMessage(2, getKernel());
+    }
+    if (weights_ != null) {
+      output.writeMessage(3, getWeights());
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < supportVectors_.size(); i++) {
+      output.writeMessage(4, supportVectors_.get(i));
+    }
+    unknownFields.writeTo(output);
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public int getSerializedSize() {
+    int size = memoizedSize;
+    if (size != -1) return size;
+
+    size = 0;
+    if (metadata_ != null) {
+      size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream
+        .computeMessageSize(1, getMetadata());
+    }
+    if (kernel_ != null) {
+      size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream
+        .computeMessageSize(2, getKernel());
+    }
+    if (weights_ != null) {
+      size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream
+        .computeMessageSize(3, getWeights());
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < supportVectors_.size(); i++) {
+      size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream
+        .computeMessageSize(4, supportVectors_.get(i));
+    }
+    size += unknownFields.getSerializedSize();
+    memoizedSize = size;
+    return size;
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public boolean equals(final java.lang.Object obj) {
+    if (obj == this) {
+     return true;
+    }
+    if (!(obj instanceof org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.KernelSVMModelProto)) {
+      return super.equals(obj);
+    }
+    org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.KernelSVMModelProto other = (org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.KernelSVMModelProto) obj;
+
+    if (hasMetadata() != other.hasMetadata()) return false;
+    if (hasMetadata()) {
+      if (!getMetadata()
+          .equals(other.getMetadata())) return false;
+    }
+    if (hasKernel() != other.hasKernel()) return false;
+    if (hasKernel()) {
+      if (!getKernel()
+          .equals(other.getKernel())) return false;
+    }
+    if (hasWeights() != other.hasWeights()) return false;
+    if (hasWeights()) {
+      if (!getWeights()
+          .equals(other.getWeights())) return false;
+    }
+    if (!getSupportVectorsList()
+        .equals(other.getSupportVectorsList())) return false;
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+      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
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+  /**
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+      if (!result.isInitialized()) {
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+        com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws java.io.IOException {
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+      try {
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+    private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<
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+    /**
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+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
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+    public Builder setMetadata(org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto value) {
+      if (metadataBuilder_ == null) {
+        if (value == null) {
+          throw new NullPointerException();
+        }
+        metadata_ = value;
+        onChanged();
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+        metadataBuilder_.setMessage(value);
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+
+      return this;
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+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder setMetadata(
+        org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.Builder builderForValue) {
+      if (metadataBuilder_ == null) {
+        metadata_ = builderForValue.build();
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        metadataBuilder_.setMessage(builderForValue.build());
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder mergeMetadata(org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto value) {
+      if (metadataBuilder_ == null) {
+        if (metadata_ != null) {
+          metadata_ =
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+        } else {
+          metadata_ = value;
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+        onChanged();
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+        metadataBuilder_.mergeFrom(value);
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+      return this;
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+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder clearMetadata() {
+      if (metadataBuilder_ == null) {
+        metadata_ = null;
+        onChanged();
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+        metadata_ = null;
+        metadataBuilder_ = null;
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+
+      return this;
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+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+     */
+    public org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.Builder getMetadataBuilder() {
+      
+      onChanged();
+      return getMetadataFieldBuilder().getBuilder();
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+    /**
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+      }
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+     */
+    private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<
+        org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto, org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.Builder, org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProtoOrBuilder> 
+        getMetadataFieldBuilder() {
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+        metadataBuilder_ = new com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<
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+    private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<
+        org.tribuo.math.protos.KernelProto, org.tribuo.math.protos.KernelProto.Builder, org.tribuo.math.protos.KernelProtoOrBuilder> kernelBuilder_;
+    /**
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+    /**
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+    public Builder setKernel(org.tribuo.math.protos.KernelProto value) {
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+      return this;
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+        onChanged();
+      } else {
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+
+      return this;
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+    /**
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+        kernelBuilder_.mergeFrom(value);
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+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.KernelProto kernel = 2;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder clearKernel() {
+      if (kernelBuilder_ == null) {
+        kernel_ = null;
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        kernel_ = null;
+        kernelBuilder_ = null;
+      }
+
+      return this;
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+    /**
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+    public org.tribuo.math.protos.KernelProto.Builder getKernelBuilder() {
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+      onChanged();
+      return getKernelFieldBuilder().getBuilder();
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+    /**
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+        org.tribuo.math.protos.KernelProto, org.tribuo.math.protos.KernelProto.Builder, org.tribuo.math.protos.KernelProtoOrBuilder> 
+        getKernelFieldBuilder() {
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+                isClean());
+        kernel_ = null;
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+      return kernelBuilder_;
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+    private org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProto weights_;
+    private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<
+        org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProto, org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProto.Builder, org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProtoOrBuilder> weightsBuilder_;
+    /**
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+     * @return Whether the weights field is set.
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+    /**
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+    /**
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+    public Builder setWeights(org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProto value) {
+      if (weightsBuilder_ == null) {
+        if (value == null) {
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+        weights_ = value;
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+      return this;
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+    /**
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+        org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProto.Builder builderForValue) {
+      if (weightsBuilder_ == null) {
+        weights_ = builderForValue.build();
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
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+      return this;
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+    /**
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+      return this;
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+        onChanged();
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+        weights_ = null;
+        weightsBuilder_ = null;
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.TensorProto weights = 3;</code>
+     */
+    public org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProto.Builder getWeightsBuilder() {
+      
+      onChanged();
+      return getWeightsFieldBuilder().getBuilder();
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.TensorProto weights = 3;</code>
+     */
+    public org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProtoOrBuilder getWeightsOrBuilder() {
+      if (weightsBuilder_ != null) {
+        return weightsBuilder_.getMessageOrBuilder();
+      } else {
+        return weights_ == null ?
+            org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProto.getDefaultInstance() : weights_;
+      }
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.TensorProto weights = 3;</code>
+     */
+    private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<
+        org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProto, org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProto.Builder, org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProtoOrBuilder> 
+        getWeightsFieldBuilder() {
+      if (weightsBuilder_ == null) {
+        weightsBuilder_ = new com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<
+            org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProto, org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProto.Builder, org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProtoOrBuilder>(
+                getWeights(),
+                getParentForChildren(),
+                isClean());
+        weights_ = null;
+      }
+      return weightsBuilder_;
+    }
+
+    private java.util.List<org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProto> supportVectors_ =
+      java.util.Collections.emptyList();
+    private void ensureSupportVectorsIsMutable() {
+      if (!((bitField0_ & 0x00000001) != 0)) {
+        supportVectors_ = new java.util.ArrayList<org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProto>(supportVectors_);
+        bitField0_ |= 0x00000001;
+       }
+    }
+
+    private com.google.protobuf.RepeatedFieldBuilderV3<
+        org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProto, org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProto.Builder, org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProtoOrBuilder> supportVectorsBuilder_;
+
+    /**
+     * <code>repeated .tribuo.math.TensorProto support_vectors = 4;</code>
+     */
+    public java.util.List<org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProto> getSupportVectorsList() {
+      if (supportVectorsBuilder_ == null) {
+        return java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList(supportVectors_);
+      } else {
+        return supportVectorsBuilder_.getMessageList();
+      }
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>repeated .tribuo.math.TensorProto support_vectors = 4;</code>
+     */
+    public int getSupportVectorsCount() {
+      if (supportVectorsBuilder_ == null) {
+        return supportVectors_.size();
+      } else {
+        return supportVectorsBuilder_.getCount();
+      }
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>repeated .tribuo.math.TensorProto support_vectors = 4;</code>
+     */
+    public org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProto getSupportVectors(int index) {
+      if (supportVectorsBuilder_ == null) {
+        return supportVectors_.get(index);
+      } else {
+        return supportVectorsBuilder_.getMessage(index);
+      }
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>repeated .tribuo.math.TensorProto support_vectors = 4;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder setSupportVectors(
+        int index, org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProto value) {
+      if (supportVectorsBuilder_ == null) {
+        if (value == null) {
+          throw new NullPointerException();
+        }
+        ensureSupportVectorsIsMutable();
+        supportVectors_.set(index, value);
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        supportVectorsBuilder_.setMessage(index, value);
+      }
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>repeated .tribuo.math.TensorProto support_vectors = 4;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder setSupportVectors(
+        int index, org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProto.Builder builderForValue) {
+      if (supportVectorsBuilder_ == null) {
+        ensureSupportVectorsIsMutable();
+        supportVectors_.set(index, builderForValue.build());
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        supportVectorsBuilder_.setMessage(index, builderForValue.build());
+      }
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>repeated .tribuo.math.TensorProto support_vectors = 4;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder addSupportVectors(org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProto value) {
+      if (supportVectorsBuilder_ == null) {
+        if (value == null) {
+          throw new NullPointerException();
+        }
+        ensureSupportVectorsIsMutable();
+        supportVectors_.add(value);
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        supportVectorsBuilder_.addMessage(value);
+      }
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>repeated .tribuo.math.TensorProto support_vectors = 4;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder addSupportVectors(
+        int index, org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProto value) {
+      if (supportVectorsBuilder_ == null) {
+        if (value == null) {
+          throw new NullPointerException();
+        }
+        ensureSupportVectorsIsMutable();
+        supportVectors_.add(index, value);
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        supportVectorsBuilder_.addMessage(index, value);
+      }
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>repeated .tribuo.math.TensorProto support_vectors = 4;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder addSupportVectors(
+        org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProto.Builder builderForValue) {
+      if (supportVectorsBuilder_ == null) {
+        ensureSupportVectorsIsMutable();
+        supportVectors_.add(builderForValue.build());
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        supportVectorsBuilder_.addMessage(builderForValue.build());
+      }
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>repeated .tribuo.math.TensorProto support_vectors = 4;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder addSupportVectors(
+        int index, org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProto.Builder builderForValue) {
+      if (supportVectorsBuilder_ == null) {
+        ensureSupportVectorsIsMutable();
+        supportVectors_.add(index, builderForValue.build());
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        supportVectorsBuilder_.addMessage(index, builderForValue.build());
+      }
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>repeated .tribuo.math.TensorProto support_vectors = 4;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder addAllSupportVectors(
+        java.lang.Iterable<? extends org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProto> values) {
+      if (supportVectorsBuilder_ == null) {
+        ensureSupportVectorsIsMutable();
+        com.google.protobuf.AbstractMessageLite.Builder.addAll(
+            values, supportVectors_);
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        supportVectorsBuilder_.addAllMessages(values);
+      }
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>repeated .tribuo.math.TensorProto support_vectors = 4;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder clearSupportVectors() {
+      if (supportVectorsBuilder_ == null) {
+        supportVectors_ = java.util.Collections.emptyList();
+        bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000001);
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        supportVectorsBuilder_.clear();
+      }
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>repeated .tribuo.math.TensorProto support_vectors = 4;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder removeSupportVectors(int index) {
+      if (supportVectorsBuilder_ == null) {
+        ensureSupportVectorsIsMutable();
+        supportVectors_.remove(index);
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        supportVectorsBuilder_.remove(index);
+      }
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>repeated .tribuo.math.TensorProto support_vectors = 4;</code>
+     */
+    public org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProto.Builder getSupportVectorsBuilder(
+        int index) {
+      return getSupportVectorsFieldBuilder().getBuilder(index);
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>repeated .tribuo.math.TensorProto support_vectors = 4;</code>
+     */
+    public org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProtoOrBuilder getSupportVectorsOrBuilder(
+        int index) {
+      if (supportVectorsBuilder_ == null) {
+        return supportVectors_.get(index);  } else {
+        return supportVectorsBuilder_.getMessageOrBuilder(index);
+      }
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>repeated .tribuo.math.TensorProto support_vectors = 4;</code>
+     */
+    public java.util.List<? extends org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProtoOrBuilder> 
+         getSupportVectorsOrBuilderList() {
+      if (supportVectorsBuilder_ != null) {
+        return supportVectorsBuilder_.getMessageOrBuilderList();
+      } else {
+        return java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList(supportVectors_);
+      }
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>repeated .tribuo.math.TensorProto support_vectors = 4;</code>
+     */
+    public org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProto.Builder addSupportVectorsBuilder() {
+      return getSupportVectorsFieldBuilder().addBuilder(
+          org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProto.getDefaultInstance());
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>repeated .tribuo.math.TensorProto support_vectors = 4;</code>
+     */
+    public org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProto.Builder addSupportVectorsBuilder(
+        int index) {
+      return getSupportVectorsFieldBuilder().addBuilder(
+          index, org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProto.getDefaultInstance());
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>repeated .tribuo.math.TensorProto support_vectors = 4;</code>
+     */
+    public java.util.List<org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProto.Builder> 
+         getSupportVectorsBuilderList() {
+      return getSupportVectorsFieldBuilder().getBuilderList();
+    }
+    private com.google.protobuf.RepeatedFieldBuilderV3<
+        org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProto, org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProto.Builder, org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProtoOrBuilder> 
+        getSupportVectorsFieldBuilder() {
+      if (supportVectorsBuilder_ == null) {
+        supportVectorsBuilder_ = new com.google.protobuf.RepeatedFieldBuilderV3<
+            org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProto, org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProto.Builder, org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProtoOrBuilder>(
+                supportVectors_,
+                ((bitField0_ & 0x00000001) != 0),
+                getParentForChildren(),
+                isClean());
+        supportVectors_ = null;
+      }
+      return supportVectorsBuilder_;
+    }
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public final Builder setUnknownFields(
+        final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {
+      return super.setUnknownFields(unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public final Builder mergeUnknownFields(
+        final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {
+      return super.mergeUnknownFields(unknownFields);
+    }
+
+
+    // @@protoc_insertion_point(builder_scope:tribuo.classification.sgd.KernelSVMModelProto)
+  }
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:tribuo.classification.sgd.KernelSVMModelProto)
+  private static final org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.KernelSVMModelProto DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
+  static {
+    DEFAULT_INSTANCE = new org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.KernelSVMModelProto();
+  }
+
+  public static org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.KernelSVMModelProto getDefaultInstance() {
+    return DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
+  }
+
+  private static final com.google.protobuf.Parser<KernelSVMModelProto>
+      PARSER = new com.google.protobuf.AbstractParser<KernelSVMModelProto>() {
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public KernelSVMModelProto parsePartialFrom(
+        com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
+        com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      return new KernelSVMModelProto(input, extensionRegistry);
+    }
+  };
+
+  public static com.google.protobuf.Parser<KernelSVMModelProto> parser() {
+    return PARSER;
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public com.google.protobuf.Parser<KernelSVMModelProto> getParserForType() {
+    return PARSER;
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos.KernelSVMModelProto getDefaultInstanceForType() {
+    return DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
+  }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/Classification/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/classification/sgd/protos/KernelSVMModelProtoOrBuilder.java b/Classification/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/classification/sgd/protos/KernelSVMModelProtoOrBuilder.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b9739a950
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Classification/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/classification/sgd/protos/KernelSVMModelProtoOrBuilder.java
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: tribuo-classification-sgd.proto
+
+package org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos;
+
+public interface KernelSVMModelProtoOrBuilder extends
+    // @@protoc_insertion_point(interface_extends:tribuo.classification.sgd.KernelSVMModelProto)
+    com.google.protobuf.MessageOrBuilder {
+
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+   * @return Whether the metadata field is set.
+   */
+  boolean hasMetadata();
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+   * @return The metadata.
+   */
+  org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto getMetadata();
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+   */
+  org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProtoOrBuilder getMetadataOrBuilder();
+
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.KernelProto kernel = 2;</code>
+   * @return Whether the kernel field is set.
+   */
+  boolean hasKernel();
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.KernelProto kernel = 2;</code>
+   * @return The kernel.
+   */
+  org.tribuo.math.protos.KernelProto getKernel();
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.KernelProto kernel = 2;</code>
+   */
+  org.tribuo.math.protos.KernelProtoOrBuilder getKernelOrBuilder();
+
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.TensorProto weights = 3;</code>
+   * @return Whether the weights field is set.
+   */
+  boolean hasWeights();
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.TensorProto weights = 3;</code>
+   * @return The weights.
+   */
+  org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProto getWeights();
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.TensorProto weights = 3;</code>
+   */
+  org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProtoOrBuilder getWeightsOrBuilder();
+
+  /**
+   * <code>repeated .tribuo.math.TensorProto support_vectors = 4;</code>
+   */
+  java.util.List<org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProto> 
+      getSupportVectorsList();
+  /**
+   * <code>repeated .tribuo.math.TensorProto support_vectors = 4;</code>
+   */
+  org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProto getSupportVectors(int index);
+  /**
+   * <code>repeated .tribuo.math.TensorProto support_vectors = 4;</code>
+   */
+  int getSupportVectorsCount();
+  /**
+   * <code>repeated .tribuo.math.TensorProto support_vectors = 4;</code>
+   */
+  java.util.List<? extends org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProtoOrBuilder> 
+      getSupportVectorsOrBuilderList();
+  /**
+   * <code>repeated .tribuo.math.TensorProto support_vectors = 4;</code>
+   */
+  org.tribuo.math.protos.TensorProtoOrBuilder getSupportVectorsOrBuilder(
+      int index);
+}
diff --git a/Classification/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/classification/sgd/protos/TribuoClassificationSgd.java b/Classification/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/classification/sgd/protos/TribuoClassificationSgd.java
index 5da4e4d9c..36cfbba3e 100644
--- a/Classification/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/classification/sgd/protos/TribuoClassificationSgd.java
+++ b/Classification/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/classification/sgd/protos/TribuoClassificationSgd.java
@@ -19,6 +19,26 @@ public static void registerAllExtensions(
   static final 
     com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable
       internal_static_tribuo_classification_sgd_CRFParametersProto_fieldAccessorTable;
+  static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
+    internal_static_tribuo_classification_sgd_CRFModelProto_descriptor;
+  static final 
+    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable
+      internal_static_tribuo_classification_sgd_CRFModelProto_fieldAccessorTable;
+  static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
+    internal_static_tribuo_classification_sgd_FMClassificationModelProto_descriptor;
+  static final 
+    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable
+      internal_static_tribuo_classification_sgd_FMClassificationModelProto_fieldAccessorTable;
+  static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
+    internal_static_tribuo_classification_sgd_ClassificationLinearSGDProto_descriptor;
+  static final 
+    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable
+      internal_static_tribuo_classification_sgd_ClassificationLinearSGDProto_fieldAccessorTable;
+  static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
+    internal_static_tribuo_classification_sgd_KernelSVMModelProto_descriptor;
+  static final 
+    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable
+      internal_static_tribuo_classification_sgd_KernelSVMModelProto_fieldAccessorTable;
 
   public static com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor
       getDescriptor() {
@@ -29,18 +49,37 @@ public static void registerAllExtensions(
   static {
     java.lang.String[] descriptorData = {
       "\n\037tribuo-classification-sgd.proto\022\031tribu" +
-      "o.classification.sgd\032\021tribuo-math.proto\"" +
-      "\322\001\n\022CRFParametersProto\022\023\n\013numFeatures\030\001 " +
-      "\001(\005\022\021\n\tnumLabels\030\002 \001(\005\022(\n\006biases\030\003 \001(\0132\030" +
-      ".tribuo.math.TensorProto\0225\n\023featureLabel" +
-      "Weights\030\004 \001(\0132\030.tribuo.math.TensorProto\022" +
-      "3\n\021labelLabelWeights\030\005 \001(\0132\030.tribuo.math" +
-      ".TensorProtoB(\n$org.tribuo.classificatio" +
-      "n.sgd.protosP\001b\006proto3"
+      "o.classification.sgd\032\021tribuo-core.proto\032" +
+      "\021tribuo-math.proto\"\322\001\n\022CRFParametersProt" +
+      "o\022\023\n\013numFeatures\030\001 \001(\005\022\021\n\tnumLabels\030\002 \001(" +
+      "\005\022(\n\006biases\030\003 \001(\0132\030.tribuo.math.TensorPr" +
+      "oto\0225\n\023featureLabelWeights\030\004 \001(\0132\030.tribu" +
+      "o.math.TensorProto\0223\n\021labelLabelWeights\030" +
+      "\005 \001(\0132\030.tribuo.math.TensorProto\"\205\001\n\rCRFM" +
+      "odelProto\022-\n\010metadata\030\001 \001(\0132\033.tribuo.cor" +
+      "e.ModelDataProto\022,\n\006params\030\002 \001(\0132\034.tribu" +
+      "o.math.ParametersProto\022\027\n\017confidence_typ" +
+      "e\030\003 \001(\t\"\253\001\n\032FMClassificationModelProto\022-" +
+      "\n\010metadata\030\001 \001(\0132\033.tribuo.core.ModelData" +
+      "Proto\022,\n\006params\030\002 \001(\0132\034.tribuo.math.Para" +
+      "metersProto\0220\n\nnormalizer\030\003 \001(\0132\034.tribuo" +
+      ".math.NormalizerProto\"\255\001\n\034Classification" +
+      "LinearSGDProto\022-\n\010metadata\030\001 \001(\0132\033.tribu" +
+      "o.core.ModelDataProto\022,\n\006params\030\002 \001(\0132\034." +
+      "tribuo.math.ParametersProto\0220\n\nnormalize" +
+      "r\030\003 \001(\0132\034.tribuo.math.NormalizerProto\"\314\001" +
+      "\n\023KernelSVMModelProto\022-\n\010metadata\030\001 \001(\0132" +
+      "\033.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto\022(\n\006kernel\030\002" +
+      " \001(\0132\030.tribuo.math.KernelProto\022)\n\007weight" +
+      "s\030\003 \001(\0132\030.tribuo.math.TensorProto\0221\n\017sup" +
+      "port_vectors\030\004 \003(\0132\030.tribuo.math.TensorP" +
+      "rotoB(\n$org.tribuo.classification.sgd.pr" +
+      "otosP\001b\006proto3"
     };
     descriptor = com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor
       .internalBuildGeneratedFileFrom(descriptorData,
         new com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor[] {
+          org.tribuo.protos.core.TribuoCore.getDescriptor(),
           org.tribuo.math.protos.TribuoMath.getDescriptor(),
         });
     internal_static_tribuo_classification_sgd_CRFParametersProto_descriptor =
@@ -49,6 +88,31 @@ public static void registerAllExtensions(
       com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable(
         internal_static_tribuo_classification_sgd_CRFParametersProto_descriptor,
         new java.lang.String[] { "NumFeatures", "NumLabels", "Biases", "FeatureLabelWeights", "LabelLabelWeights", });
+    internal_static_tribuo_classification_sgd_CRFModelProto_descriptor =
+      getDescriptor().getMessageTypes().get(1);
+    internal_static_tribuo_classification_sgd_CRFModelProto_fieldAccessorTable = new
+      com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable(
+        internal_static_tribuo_classification_sgd_CRFModelProto_descriptor,
+        new java.lang.String[] { "Metadata", "Params", "ConfidenceType", });
+    internal_static_tribuo_classification_sgd_FMClassificationModelProto_descriptor =
+      getDescriptor().getMessageTypes().get(2);
+    internal_static_tribuo_classification_sgd_FMClassificationModelProto_fieldAccessorTable = new
+      com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable(
+        internal_static_tribuo_classification_sgd_FMClassificationModelProto_descriptor,
+        new java.lang.String[] { "Metadata", "Params", "Normalizer", });
+    internal_static_tribuo_classification_sgd_ClassificationLinearSGDProto_descriptor =
+      getDescriptor().getMessageTypes().get(3);
+    internal_static_tribuo_classification_sgd_ClassificationLinearSGDProto_fieldAccessorTable = new
+      com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable(
+        internal_static_tribuo_classification_sgd_ClassificationLinearSGDProto_descriptor,
+        new java.lang.String[] { "Metadata", "Params", "Normalizer", });
+    internal_static_tribuo_classification_sgd_KernelSVMModelProto_descriptor =
+      getDescriptor().getMessageTypes().get(4);
+    internal_static_tribuo_classification_sgd_KernelSVMModelProto_fieldAccessorTable = new
+      com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable(
+        internal_static_tribuo_classification_sgd_KernelSVMModelProto_descriptor,
+        new java.lang.String[] { "Metadata", "Kernel", "Weights", "SupportVectors", });
+    org.tribuo.protos.core.TribuoCore.getDescriptor();
     org.tribuo.math.protos.TribuoMath.getDescriptor();
   }
 
diff --git a/Classification/SGD/src/main/resources/protos/tribuo-classification-sgd.proto b/Classification/SGD/src/main/resources/protos/tribuo-classification-sgd.proto
index 7edd118b1..daba24ac3 100644
--- a/Classification/SGD/src/main/resources/protos/tribuo-classification-sgd.proto
+++ b/Classification/SGD/src/main/resources/protos/tribuo-classification-sgd.proto
@@ -17,13 +17,16 @@
 syntax = "proto3";
 
 /*
- * Protos for serializing Tribuo Common SGD classes.
+ * Protos for serializing Tribuo classification SGD classes.
  */
 package tribuo.classification.sgd;
 
 option java_multiple_files = true;
 option java_package = "org.tribuo.classification.sgd.protos";
 
+// Import Tribuo's core protos
+import "tribuo-core.proto";
+
 // Import Tribuo's math interface protos
 import "tribuo-math.proto";
 
@@ -37,3 +40,40 @@ message CRFParametersProto {
   tribuo.math.TensorProto featureLabelWeights = 4;
   tribuo.math.TensorProto labelLabelWeights = 5;
 }
+
+/*
+CRFModel proto
+ */
+message CRFModelProto {
+  tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;
+  tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;
+  string confidence_type = 3;
+}
+
+/*
+FMClassificationModel proto
+ */
+message FMClassificationModelProto {
+  tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;
+  tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;
+  tribuo.math.NormalizerProto normalizer = 3;
+}
+
+/*
+LinearSGDModel proto
+ */
+message ClassificationLinearSGDProto {
+  tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;
+  tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;
+  tribuo.math.NormalizerProto normalizer = 3;
+}
+
+/*
+KernelSVMModel proto
+ */
+message KernelSVMModelProto {
+  tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;
+  tribuo.math.KernelProto kernel = 2;
+  tribuo.math.TensorProto weights = 3;
+  repeated tribuo.math.TensorProto support_vectors = 4;
+}
diff --git a/Classification/SGD/src/test/java/org/tribuo/classification/sgd/crf/CRFTrainerTest.java b/Classification/SGD/src/test/java/org/tribuo/classification/sgd/crf/CRFTrainerTest.java
index 0a7c27796..464900c17 100644
--- a/Classification/SGD/src/test/java/org/tribuo/classification/sgd/crf/CRFTrainerTest.java
+++ b/Classification/SGD/src/test/java/org/tribuo/classification/sgd/crf/CRFTrainerTest.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2015-2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2015, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ public void testValidExample() {
         SequenceModel<Label> m = t.train(p);
         m.predict(p.getExample(0));
         Helpers.testSequenceModelSerialization(m,Label.class);
+        Helpers.testSequenceModelProtoSerialization(m,Label.class,p);
     }
 
     @Test
diff --git a/Classification/SGD/src/test/java/org/tribuo/classification/sgd/fm/TestFMClassification.java b/Classification/SGD/src/test/java/org/tribuo/classification/sgd/fm/TestFMClassification.java
index a7dd8e893..3eedae354 100644
--- a/Classification/SGD/src/test/java/org/tribuo/classification/sgd/fm/TestFMClassification.java
+++ b/Classification/SGD/src/test/java/org/tribuo/classification/sgd/fm/TestFMClassification.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2021, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -81,7 +81,8 @@ public static Model<Label> testFMClassification(Pair<Dataset<Label>,Dataset<Labe
     public void testDenseData() {
         Pair<Dataset<Label>,Dataset<Label>> p = LabelledDataGenerator.denseTrainTest();
         Model<Label> model = testFMClassification(p);
-        Helpers.testModelSerialization(model,Label.class);
+        Helpers.testModelSerialization(model, Label.class);
+        Helpers.testModelProtoSerialization(model, Label.class, p.getB());
     }
 
     @Test
diff --git a/Classification/SGD/src/test/java/org/tribuo/classification/sgd/kernel/TestSGDKernel.java b/Classification/SGD/src/test/java/org/tribuo/classification/sgd/kernel/TestSGDKernel.java
index f9c99952c..ee9db4be7 100644
--- a/Classification/SGD/src/test/java/org/tribuo/classification/sgd/kernel/TestSGDKernel.java
+++ b/Classification/SGD/src/test/java/org/tribuo/classification/sgd/kernel/TestSGDKernel.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2015-2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2015, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@ public void testDenseData() {
         Pair<Dataset<Label>,Dataset<Label>> p = LabelledDataGenerator.denseTrainTest();
         Model<Label> model = testSGDKernel(p);
         Helpers.testModelSerialization(model,Label.class);
+        Helpers.testModelProtoSerialization(model, Label.class, p.getB());
     }
 
     @Test
diff --git a/Classification/SGD/src/test/java/org/tribuo/classification/sgd/linear/TestSGDLinear.java b/Classification/SGD/src/test/java/org/tribuo/classification/sgd/linear/TestSGDLinear.java
index 05c7a358d..46c6ec196 100644
--- a/Classification/SGD/src/test/java/org/tribuo/classification/sgd/linear/TestSGDLinear.java
+++ b/Classification/SGD/src/test/java/org/tribuo/classification/sgd/linear/TestSGDLinear.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2015-2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2015, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ public void testDenseData() {
         Pair<Dataset<Label>,Dataset<Label>> p = LabelledDataGenerator.denseTrainTest();
         Model<Label> model = testSGDLinear(p);
         Helpers.testModelSerialization(model,Label.class);
+        Helpers.testModelProtoSerialization(model, Label.class, p.getB());
     }
 
     @Test
diff --git a/Common/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/common/sgd/protos/FMParametersProto.java b/Common/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/common/sgd/protos/FMParametersProto.java
index 397b49be7..8d79d4ac0 100644
--- a/Common/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/common/sgd/protos/FMParametersProto.java
+++ b/Common/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/common/sgd/protos/FMParametersProto.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
-// source: tribuo-common-sgd.proto
+// source: tribuo-sgd.proto
 
 package org.tribuo.common.sgd.protos;
 
@@ -92,13 +92,13 @@ private FMParametersProto(
   }
   public static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
       getDescriptor() {
-    return org.tribuo.common.sgd.protos.TribuoCommonSgd.internal_static_tribuo_common_sgd_FMParametersProto_descriptor;
+    return org.tribuo.common.sgd.protos.TribuoSgd.internal_static_tribuo_common_sgd_FMParametersProto_descriptor;
   }
 
   @java.lang.Override
   protected com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable
       internalGetFieldAccessorTable() {
-    return org.tribuo.common.sgd.protos.TribuoCommonSgd.internal_static_tribuo_common_sgd_FMParametersProto_fieldAccessorTable
+    return org.tribuo.common.sgd.protos.TribuoSgd.internal_static_tribuo_common_sgd_FMParametersProto_fieldAccessorTable
         .ensureFieldAccessorsInitialized(
             org.tribuo.common.sgd.protos.FMParametersProto.class, org.tribuo.common.sgd.protos.FMParametersProto.Builder.class);
   }
@@ -335,13 +335,13 @@ public static final class Builder extends
       org.tribuo.common.sgd.protos.FMParametersProtoOrBuilder {
     public static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
         getDescriptor() {
-      return org.tribuo.common.sgd.protos.TribuoCommonSgd.internal_static_tribuo_common_sgd_FMParametersProto_descriptor;
+      return org.tribuo.common.sgd.protos.TribuoSgd.internal_static_tribuo_common_sgd_FMParametersProto_descriptor;
     }
 
     @java.lang.Override
     protected com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable
         internalGetFieldAccessorTable() {
-      return org.tribuo.common.sgd.protos.TribuoCommonSgd.internal_static_tribuo_common_sgd_FMParametersProto_fieldAccessorTable
+      return org.tribuo.common.sgd.protos.TribuoSgd.internal_static_tribuo_common_sgd_FMParametersProto_fieldAccessorTable
           .ensureFieldAccessorsInitialized(
               org.tribuo.common.sgd.protos.FMParametersProto.class, org.tribuo.common.sgd.protos.FMParametersProto.Builder.class);
     }
@@ -379,7 +379,7 @@ public Builder clear() {
     @java.lang.Override
     public com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
         getDescriptorForType() {
-      return org.tribuo.common.sgd.protos.TribuoCommonSgd.internal_static_tribuo_common_sgd_FMParametersProto_descriptor;
+      return org.tribuo.common.sgd.protos.TribuoSgd.internal_static_tribuo_common_sgd_FMParametersProto_descriptor;
     }
 
     @java.lang.Override
diff --git a/Common/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/common/sgd/protos/FMParametersProtoOrBuilder.java b/Common/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/common/sgd/protos/FMParametersProtoOrBuilder.java
index fcc02cd94..0db618698 100644
--- a/Common/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/common/sgd/protos/FMParametersProtoOrBuilder.java
+++ b/Common/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/common/sgd/protos/FMParametersProtoOrBuilder.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
-// source: tribuo-common-sgd.proto
+// source: tribuo-sgd.proto
 
 package org.tribuo.common.sgd.protos;
 
diff --git a/Common/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/common/sgd/protos/TribuoCommonSgd.java b/Common/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/common/sgd/protos/TribuoCommonSgd.java
index f9f3f7fba..c4640dcbf 100644
--- a/Common/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/common/sgd/protos/TribuoCommonSgd.java
+++ b/Common/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/common/sgd/protos/TribuoCommonSgd.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
-// source: tribuo-common-sgd.proto
+// source: tribuo-sgd.proto
 
 package org.tribuo.common.sgd.protos;
 
diff --git a/Common/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/common/sgd/protos/TribuoSgd.java b/Common/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/common/sgd/protos/TribuoSgd.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b928f3fba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Common/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/common/sgd/protos/TribuoSgd.java
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: tribuo-sgd.proto
+
+package org.tribuo.common.sgd.protos;
+
+public final class TribuoSgd {
+  private TribuoSgd() {}
+  public static void registerAllExtensions(
+      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite registry) {
+  }
+
+  public static void registerAllExtensions(
+      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistry registry) {
+    registerAllExtensions(
+        (com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite) registry);
+  }
+  static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
+    internal_static_tribuo_common_sgd_FMParametersProto_descriptor;
+  static final 
+    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable
+      internal_static_tribuo_common_sgd_FMParametersProto_fieldAccessorTable;
+
+  public static com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor
+      getDescriptor() {
+    return descriptor;
+  }
+  private static  com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor
+      descriptor;
+  static {
+    java.lang.String[] descriptorData = {
+      "\n\020tribuo-sgd.proto\022\021tribuo.common.sgd\032\021t" +
+      "ribuo-math.proto\"R\n\021FMParametersProto\022\022\n" +
+      "\nnumFactors\030\001 \001(\005\022)\n\007weights\030\002 \003(\0132\030.tri" +
+      "buo.math.TensorProtoB \n\034org.tribuo.commo" +
+      "n.sgd.protosP\001b\006proto3"
+    };
+    descriptor = com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor
+      .internalBuildGeneratedFileFrom(descriptorData,
+        new com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor[] {
+          org.tribuo.math.protos.TribuoMath.getDescriptor(),
+        });
+    internal_static_tribuo_common_sgd_FMParametersProto_descriptor =
+      getDescriptor().getMessageTypes().get(0);
+    internal_static_tribuo_common_sgd_FMParametersProto_fieldAccessorTable = new
+      com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable(
+        internal_static_tribuo_common_sgd_FMParametersProto_descriptor,
+        new java.lang.String[] { "NumFactors", "Weights", });
+    org.tribuo.math.protos.TribuoMath.getDescriptor();
+  }
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(outer_class_scope)
+}
diff --git a/Common/SGD/src/main/resources/protos/tribuo-common-sgd.proto b/Common/SGD/src/main/resources/protos/tribuo-sgd.proto
similarity index 100%
rename from Common/SGD/src/main/resources/protos/tribuo-common-sgd.proto
rename to Common/SGD/src/main/resources/protos/tribuo-sgd.proto
diff --git a/Core/src/main/java/org/tribuo/sequence/SequenceModel.java b/Core/src/main/java/org/tribuo/sequence/SequenceModel.java
index 7a4ed559f..ac5b656a6 100644
--- a/Core/src/main/java/org/tribuo/sequence/SequenceModel.java
+++ b/Core/src/main/java/org/tribuo/sequence/SequenceModel.java
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 import org.tribuo.Prediction;
 import org.tribuo.impl.ModelDataCarrier;
 import org.tribuo.protos.ProtoSerializable;
+import org.tribuo.protos.ProtoUtil;
 import org.tribuo.protos.core.SequenceModelProto;
 import org.tribuo.provenance.ModelProvenance;
 
@@ -206,4 +207,34 @@ protected ModelDataCarrier<T> createDataCarrier() {
     public static <T extends Output<T>> List<T> toMaxLabels(List<Prediction<T>> predictions) {
         return predictions.stream().map(Prediction::getOutput).collect(Collectors.toList());
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Casts the model to the specified output type, assuming it is valid.
+     * If it's not valid, throws {@link ClassCastException}.
+     * <p>
+     * This method is intended for use on a deserialized model to restore its
+     * generic type in a safe way.
+     * @param outputType The output type to cast to.
+     * @param <U> The output type.
+     * @return The model cast to the correct value.
+     */
+    public <U extends Output<U>> SequenceModel<U> castModel(Class<U> outputType) {
+        if (validate(outputType)) {
+            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // guarded by validate
+            SequenceModel<U> castedModel = (SequenceModel<U>) this;
+            return castedModel;
+        } else {
+            throw new ClassCastException("Attempted to cast sequence model to " + outputType.getName() + " which is not valid for model " + this.toString());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Deserializes the sequence model from the supplied protobuf.
+     * @param proto The protobuf to deserialize.
+     * @return The sequence model.
+     */
+    public static SequenceModel<?> deserialize(SequenceModelProto proto) {
+        return ProtoUtil.deserialize(proto);
+    }
+
 }
diff --git a/Core/src/test/java/org/tribuo/test/Helpers.java b/Core/src/test/java/org/tribuo/test/Helpers.java
index 4a3df7bd2..ba924ee61 100644
--- a/Core/src/test/java/org/tribuo/test/Helpers.java
+++ b/Core/src/test/java/org/tribuo/test/Helpers.java
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
 import org.tribuo.protos.core.DatasetProto;
 import org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelProto;
 import org.tribuo.protos.core.SequenceDatasetProto;
+import org.tribuo.protos.core.SequenceModelProto;
 import org.tribuo.sequence.SequenceDataset;
 import org.tribuo.sequence.SequenceModel;
 
@@ -233,6 +234,40 @@ public static <T extends Output<T>> Model<T> testModelProtoSerialization(Model<T
         return deserModel;
     }
 
+    public static <T extends Output<T>> SequenceModel<T> testSequenceModelProtoSerialization(SequenceModel<T> model, Class<T> outputClazz, SequenceDataset<T> data) {
+        // test provenance marshalling
+        testProvenanceMarshalling(model.getProvenance());
+
+        // serialize to proto
+        SequenceModelProto proto = model.serialize();
+
+        // deserialize from proto
+        SequenceModel<?> deserializedModel = SequenceModel.deserialize(proto);
+
+        // check provenance is equal
+        assertEquals(model.getProvenance(), deserializedModel.getProvenance());
+        // validate that the model is still of the right type
+        assertTrue(deserializedModel.validate(outputClazz));
+        SequenceModel<T> deserModel = deserializedModel.castModel(outputClazz);
+
+        // validate the predictions are the same
+        List<List<Prediction<T>>> modelPreds = model.predict(data);
+        List<List<Prediction<T>>> deserPreds = deserModel.predict(data);
+        assertEquals(modelPreds.size(),deserPreds.size());
+        for (int i = 0; i < modelPreds.size(); i++) {
+            List<Prediction<T>> innerModelPreds = modelPreds.get(i);
+            List<Prediction<T>> innerDeserPreds = deserPreds.get(i);
+            assertEquals(innerModelPreds.size(), innerDeserPreds.size());
+            for (int j = 0; j < innerModelPreds.size(); j++) {
+                Prediction<T> cur = innerModelPreds.get(j);
+                Prediction<T> other = innerDeserPreds.get(j);
+                assertTrue(cur.distributionEquals(other));
+            }
+        }
+
+        return deserModel;
+    }
+
     public static <T extends Output<T>> void testModelSerialization(Model<T> model, Class<T> outputClazz) {
         // test provenance marshalling
         testProvenanceMarshalling(model.getProvenance());
diff --git a/Math/src/main/java/org/tribuo/math/Parameters.java b/Math/src/main/java/org/tribuo/math/Parameters.java
index 17a87192c..b67a38f23 100644
--- a/Math/src/main/java/org/tribuo/math/Parameters.java
+++ b/Math/src/main/java/org/tribuo/math/Parameters.java
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 import org.tribuo.math.la.Tensor;
 import org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto;
 import org.tribuo.protos.ProtoSerializable;
+import org.tribuo.protos.ProtoUtil;
 
 import java.io.Serializable;
 
@@ -76,4 +77,13 @@ public interface Parameters extends ProtoSerializable<ParametersProto>, Serializ
      */
     public Tensor[] merge(Tensor[][] gradients, int size);
 
+    /**
+     * Deserializes the parameters from the supplied protobuf.
+     * @param proto The protobuf to deserialize.
+     * @return The parameters.
+     */
+    public static Parameters deserialize(ParametersProto proto) {
+        return ProtoUtil.deserialize(proto);
+    }
+
 }
diff --git a/Math/src/main/java/org/tribuo/math/kernel/Kernel.java b/Math/src/main/java/org/tribuo/math/kernel/Kernel.java
index 40af2f1dd..b9a1ad776 100644
--- a/Math/src/main/java/org/tribuo/math/kernel/Kernel.java
+++ b/Math/src/main/java/org/tribuo/math/kernel/Kernel.java
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 import org.tribuo.math.la.SparseVector;
 import org.tribuo.math.protos.KernelProto;
 import org.tribuo.protos.ProtoSerializable;
+import org.tribuo.protos.ProtoUtil;
 
 import java.io.Serializable;
 
@@ -40,4 +41,12 @@ public interface Kernel extends Configurable, ProtoSerializable<KernelProto>, Pr
      */
     public double similarity(SparseVector first, SparseVector second);
 
+    /**
+     * Deserializes the kernel from the supplied protobuf.
+     * @param proto The protobuf to deserialize.
+     * @return The kernel.
+     */
+    public static Kernel deserialize(KernelProto proto) {
+        return ProtoUtil.deserialize(proto);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/Math/src/main/java/org/tribuo/math/util/VectorNormalizer.java b/Math/src/main/java/org/tribuo/math/util/VectorNormalizer.java
index 27bf2d744..456b8d7fe 100644
--- a/Math/src/main/java/org/tribuo/math/util/VectorNormalizer.java
+++ b/Math/src/main/java/org/tribuo/math/util/VectorNormalizer.java
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 import org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto;
 import org.tribuo.protos.ProtoSerializable;
+import org.tribuo.protos.ProtoUtil;
 import org.tribuo.util.onnx.ONNXContext;
 import org.tribuo.util.onnx.ONNXNode;
 
@@ -65,4 +66,13 @@ default ONNXNode exportNormalizer(ONNXNode input) {
         Logger.getLogger(this.getClass().getName()).severe("Tried to export a normalizer to ONNX format, but this is not implemented.");
         throw new IllegalStateException("Normalizer " + this.getClass() + " cannot be exported in ONNX models.");
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Deserializes the vector normalizer from the supplied protobuf.
+     * @param proto The protobuf to deserialize.
+     * @return The normalizer.
+     */
+    public static VectorNormalizer deserialize(NormalizerProto proto) {
+        return ProtoUtil.deserialize(proto);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/MultiLabel/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/multilabel/sgd/fm/FMMultiLabelModel.java b/MultiLabel/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/multilabel/sgd/fm/FMMultiLabelModel.java
index b355d5a9a..bc8c27762 100644
--- a/MultiLabel/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/multilabel/sgd/fm/FMMultiLabelModel.java
+++ b/MultiLabel/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/multilabel/sgd/fm/FMMultiLabelModel.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2021, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 package org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.fm;
 
+import com.google.protobuf.Any;
+import com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException;
 import org.tribuo.Example;
 import org.tribuo.ImmutableFeatureMap;
 import org.tribuo.ImmutableOutputInfo;
@@ -24,9 +26,13 @@
 import org.tribuo.classification.Label;
 import org.tribuo.common.sgd.AbstractFMModel;
 import org.tribuo.common.sgd.FMParameters;
+import org.tribuo.impl.ModelDataCarrier;
+import org.tribuo.math.Parameters;
 import org.tribuo.math.la.DenseVector;
 import org.tribuo.math.util.VectorNormalizer;
 import org.tribuo.multilabel.MultiLabel;
+import org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.FMMultiLabelModelProto;
+import org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelProto;
 import org.tribuo.provenance.ModelProvenance;
 import org.tribuo.util.onnx.ONNXNode;
 
@@ -48,6 +54,11 @@
 public class FMMultiLabelModel extends AbstractFMModel<MultiLabel> implements ONNXExportable {
     private static final long serialVersionUID = 2L;
 
+    /**
+     * Protobuf serialization version.
+     */
+    public static final int CURRENT_VERSION = 0;
+
     private final VectorNormalizer normalizer;
     private final double threshold;
 
@@ -70,6 +81,36 @@ public class FMMultiLabelModel extends AbstractFMModel<MultiLabel> implements ON
         this.threshold = threshold;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Deserialization factory.
+     * @param version The serialized object version.
+     * @param className The class name.
+     * @param message The serialized data.
+     */
+    public static FMMultiLabelModel deserializeFromProto(int version, String className, Any message) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+        if (version < 0 || version > CURRENT_VERSION) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown version " + version + ", this class supports at most version " + CURRENT_VERSION);
+        }
+        FMMultiLabelModelProto proto = message.unpack(FMMultiLabelModelProto.class);
+
+        ModelDataCarrier<?> carrier = ModelDataCarrier.deserialize(proto.getMetadata());
+        if (!carrier.outputDomain().getOutput(0).getClass().equals(MultiLabel.class)) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Invalid protobuf, output domain is not a multi-label domain, found " + carrier.outputDomain().getClass());
+        }
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // guarded by getClass
+        ImmutableOutputInfo<MultiLabel> outputDomain = (ImmutableOutputInfo<MultiLabel>) carrier.outputDomain();
+
+        Parameters params = Parameters.deserialize(proto.getParams());
+        if (!(params instanceof FMParameters)) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Invalid protobuf, parameters must be FMParameters, found " + params.getClass());
+        }
+
+        VectorNormalizer normalizer = VectorNormalizer.deserialize(proto.getNormalizer());
+
+        return new FMMultiLabelModel(carrier.name(), carrier.provenance(), carrier.featureDomain(), outputDomain,
+                (FMParameters) params, normalizer, carrier.generatesProbabilities(), proto.getThreshold());
+    }
+
     @Override
     public Prediction<MultiLabel> predict(Example<MultiLabel> example) {
         PredAndActive predTuple = predictSingle(example);
@@ -89,6 +130,23 @@ public Prediction<MultiLabel> predict(Example<MultiLabel> example) {
         return new Prediction<>(new MultiLabel(predictedLabels), fullLabels, predTuple.numActiveFeatures - 1, example, generatesProbabilities);
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public ModelProto serialize() {
+        ModelDataCarrier<MultiLabel> carrier = createDataCarrier();
+        FMMultiLabelModelProto.Builder modelBuilder = FMMultiLabelModelProto.newBuilder();
+        modelBuilder.setMetadata(carrier.serialize());
+        modelBuilder.setParams(modelParameters.serialize());
+        modelBuilder.setNormalizer(normalizer.serialize());
+        modelBuilder.setThreshold(threshold);
+
+        ModelProto.Builder builder = ModelProto.newBuilder();
+        builder.setVersion(CURRENT_VERSION);
+        builder.setClassName(FMMultiLabelModel.class.getName());
+        builder.setSerializedData(Any.pack(modelBuilder.build()));
+
+        return builder.build();
+    }
+
     @Override
     protected String getDimensionName(int index) {
         return outputIDInfo.getOutput(index).getLabelString();
diff --git a/MultiLabel/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/multilabel/sgd/linear/LinearSGDModel.java b/MultiLabel/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/multilabel/sgd/linear/LinearSGDModel.java
index c54b7e654..85634233a 100644
--- a/MultiLabel/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/multilabel/sgd/linear/LinearSGDModel.java
+++ b/MultiLabel/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/multilabel/sgd/linear/LinearSGDModel.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2015-2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2015, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 package org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.linear;
 
+import com.google.protobuf.Any;
+import com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException;
 import org.tribuo.Example;
 import org.tribuo.ImmutableFeatureMap;
 import org.tribuo.ImmutableOutputInfo;
@@ -23,10 +25,14 @@
 import org.tribuo.Prediction;
 import org.tribuo.classification.Label;
 import org.tribuo.common.sgd.AbstractLinearSGDModel;
+import org.tribuo.impl.ModelDataCarrier;
 import org.tribuo.math.LinearParameters;
+import org.tribuo.math.Parameters;
 import org.tribuo.math.la.DenseVector;
 import org.tribuo.math.util.VectorNormalizer;
 import org.tribuo.multilabel.MultiLabel;
+import org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.MultiLabelLinearSGDProto;
+import org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelProto;
 import org.tribuo.provenance.ModelProvenance;
 import org.tribuo.util.onnx.ONNXNode;
 
@@ -48,6 +54,11 @@
 public class LinearSGDModel extends AbstractLinearSGDModel<MultiLabel> implements ONNXExportable {
     private static final long serialVersionUID = 2L;
 
+    /**
+     * Protobuf serialization version.
+     */
+    public static final int CURRENT_VERSION = 0;
+
     private final VectorNormalizer normalizer;
     private final double threshold;
 
@@ -70,6 +81,36 @@ public class LinearSGDModel extends AbstractLinearSGDModel<MultiLabel> implement
         this.threshold = threshold;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Deserialization factory.
+     * @param version The serialized object version.
+     * @param className The class name.
+     * @param message The serialized data.
+     */
+    public static LinearSGDModel deserializeFromProto(int version, String className, Any message) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+        if (version < 0 || version > CURRENT_VERSION) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown version " + version + ", this class supports at most version " + CURRENT_VERSION);
+        }
+        MultiLabelLinearSGDProto proto = message.unpack(MultiLabelLinearSGDProto.class);
+
+        ModelDataCarrier<?> carrier = ModelDataCarrier.deserialize(proto.getMetadata());
+        if (!carrier.outputDomain().getOutput(0).getClass().equals(MultiLabel.class)) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Invalid protobuf, output domain is not a multi-label domain, found " + carrier.outputDomain().getClass());
+        }
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // guarded by getClass
+        ImmutableOutputInfo<MultiLabel> outputDomain = (ImmutableOutputInfo<MultiLabel>) carrier.outputDomain();
+
+        Parameters params = Parameters.deserialize(proto.getParams());
+        if (!(params instanceof LinearParameters)) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Invalid protobuf, parameters must be LinearParameters, found " + params.getClass());
+        }
+
+        VectorNormalizer normalizer = VectorNormalizer.deserialize(proto.getNormalizer());
+
+        return new LinearSGDModel(carrier.name(),carrier.provenance(),carrier.featureDomain(),outputDomain,
+                (LinearParameters) params, normalizer, carrier.generatesProbabilities(), proto.getThreshold());
+    }
+
     @Override
     public Prediction<MultiLabel> predict(Example<MultiLabel> example) {
         PredAndActive predTuple = predictSingle(example);
@@ -89,6 +130,23 @@ public Prediction<MultiLabel> predict(Example<MultiLabel> example) {
         return new Prediction<>(new MultiLabel(predictedLabels), fullLabels, predTuple.numActiveFeatures - 1, example, generatesProbabilities);
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public ModelProto serialize() {
+        ModelDataCarrier<MultiLabel> carrier = createDataCarrier();
+        MultiLabelLinearSGDProto.Builder modelBuilder = MultiLabelLinearSGDProto.newBuilder();
+        modelBuilder.setMetadata(carrier.serialize());
+        modelBuilder.setParams(modelParameters.serialize());
+        modelBuilder.setNormalizer(normalizer.serialize());
+        modelBuilder.setThreshold(threshold);
+
+        ModelProto.Builder builder = ModelProto.newBuilder();
+        builder.setVersion(CURRENT_VERSION);
+        builder.setClassName(LinearSGDModel.class.getName());
+        builder.setSerializedData(Any.pack(modelBuilder.build()));
+
+        return builder.build();
+    }
+
     @Override
     protected String getDimensionName(int index) {
         return outputIDInfo.getOutput(index).getLabelString();
diff --git a/MultiLabel/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/multilabel/sgd/protos/FMMultiLabelModelProto.java b/MultiLabel/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/multilabel/sgd/protos/FMMultiLabelModelProto.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..527820830
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MultiLabel/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/multilabel/sgd/protos/FMMultiLabelModelProto.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1057 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: tribuo-multilabel-sgd.proto
+
+package org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos;
+
+/**
+ * <pre>
+ *FMMultiLabelModel proto
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * Protobuf type {@code tribuo.multilabel.sgd.FMMultiLabelModelProto}
+ */
+public final class FMMultiLabelModelProto extends
+    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3 implements
+    // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_implements:tribuo.multilabel.sgd.FMMultiLabelModelProto)
+    FMMultiLabelModelProtoOrBuilder {
+private static final long serialVersionUID = 0L;
+  // Use FMMultiLabelModelProto.newBuilder() to construct.
+  private FMMultiLabelModelProto(com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<?> builder) {
+    super(builder);
+  }
+  private FMMultiLabelModelProto() {
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  @SuppressWarnings({"unused"})
+  protected java.lang.Object newInstance(
+      UnusedPrivateParameter unused) {
+    return new FMMultiLabelModelProto();
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet
+  getUnknownFields() {
+    return this.unknownFields;
+  }
+  private FMMultiLabelModelProto(
+      com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
+      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    this();
+    if (extensionRegistry == null) {
+      throw new java.lang.NullPointerException();
+    }
+    com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet.Builder unknownFields =
+        com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder();
+    try {
+      boolean done = false;
+      while (!done) {
+        int tag = input.readTag();
+        switch (tag) {
+          case 0:
+            done = true;
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.Builder subBuilder = null;
+            if (metadata_ != null) {
+              subBuilder = metadata_.toBuilder();
+            }
+            metadata_ = input.readMessage(org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.parser(), extensionRegistry);
+            if (subBuilder != null) {
+              subBuilder.mergeFrom(metadata_);
+              metadata_ = subBuilder.buildPartial();
+            }
+
+            break;
+          }
+          case 18: {
+            org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.Builder subBuilder = null;
+            if (params_ != null) {
+              subBuilder = params_.toBuilder();
+            }
+            params_ = input.readMessage(org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.parser(), extensionRegistry);
+            if (subBuilder != null) {
+              subBuilder.mergeFrom(params_);
+              params_ = subBuilder.buildPartial();
+            }
+
+            break;
+          }
+          case 26: {
+            org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto.Builder subBuilder = null;
+            if (normalizer_ != null) {
+              subBuilder = normalizer_.toBuilder();
+            }
+            normalizer_ = input.readMessage(org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto.parser(), extensionRegistry);
+            if (subBuilder != null) {
+              subBuilder.mergeFrom(normalizer_);
+              normalizer_ = subBuilder.buildPartial();
+            }
+
+            break;
+          }
+          case 33: {
+
+            threshold_ = input.readDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          default: {
+            if (!parseUnknownField(
+                input, unknownFields, extensionRegistry, tag)) {
+              done = true;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    } catch (com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      throw e.setUnfinishedMessage(this);
+    } catch (java.io.IOException e) {
+      throw new com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException(
+          e).setUnfinishedMessage(this);
+    } finally {
+      this.unknownFields = unknownFields.build();
+      makeExtensionsImmutable();
+    }
+  }
+  public static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
+      getDescriptor() {
+    return org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.TribuoMultilabelSgd.internal_static_tribuo_multilabel_sgd_FMMultiLabelModelProto_descriptor;
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  protected com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable
+      internalGetFieldAccessorTable() {
+    return org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.TribuoMultilabelSgd.internal_static_tribuo_multilabel_sgd_FMMultiLabelModelProto_fieldAccessorTable
+        .ensureFieldAccessorsInitialized(
+            org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.FMMultiLabelModelProto.class, org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.FMMultiLabelModelProto.Builder.class);
+  }
+
+  public static final int METADATA_FIELD_NUMBER = 1;
+  private org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto metadata_;
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+   * @return Whether the metadata field is set.
+   */
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public boolean hasMetadata() {
+    return metadata_ != null;
+  }
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+   * @return The metadata.
+   */
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto getMetadata() {
+    return metadata_ == null ? org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.getDefaultInstance() : metadata_;
+  }
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+   */
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProtoOrBuilder getMetadataOrBuilder() {
+    return getMetadata();
+  }
+
+  public static final int PARAMS_FIELD_NUMBER = 2;
+  private org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto params_;
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+   * @return Whether the params field is set.
+   */
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public boolean hasParams() {
+    return params_ != null;
+  }
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+   * @return The params.
+   */
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto getParams() {
+    return params_ == null ? org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.getDefaultInstance() : params_;
+  }
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+   */
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProtoOrBuilder getParamsOrBuilder() {
+    return getParams();
+  }
+
+  public static final int NORMALIZER_FIELD_NUMBER = 3;
+  private org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto normalizer_;
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.NormalizerProto normalizer = 3;</code>
+   * @return Whether the normalizer field is set.
+   */
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public boolean hasNormalizer() {
+    return normalizer_ != null;
+  }
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.NormalizerProto normalizer = 3;</code>
+   * @return The normalizer.
+   */
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto getNormalizer() {
+    return normalizer_ == null ? org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto.getDefaultInstance() : normalizer_;
+  }
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.NormalizerProto normalizer = 3;</code>
+   */
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProtoOrBuilder getNormalizerOrBuilder() {
+    return getNormalizer();
+  }
+
+  public static final int THRESHOLD_FIELD_NUMBER = 4;
+  private double threshold_;
+  /**
+   * <code>double threshold = 4;</code>
+   * @return The threshold.
+   */
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public double getThreshold() {
+    return threshold_;
+  }
+
+  private byte memoizedIsInitialized = -1;
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public final boolean isInitialized() {
+    byte isInitialized = memoizedIsInitialized;
+    if (isInitialized == 1) return true;
+    if (isInitialized == 0) return false;
+
+    memoizedIsInitialized = 1;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public void writeTo(com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream output)
+                      throws java.io.IOException {
+    if (metadata_ != null) {
+      output.writeMessage(1, getMetadata());
+    }
+    if (params_ != null) {
+      output.writeMessage(2, getParams());
+    }
+    if (normalizer_ != null) {
+      output.writeMessage(3, getNormalizer());
+    }
+    if (java.lang.Double.doubleToRawLongBits(threshold_) != 0) {
+      output.writeDouble(4, threshold_);
+    }
+    unknownFields.writeTo(output);
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public int getSerializedSize() {
+    int size = memoizedSize;
+    if (size != -1) return size;
+
+    size = 0;
+    if (metadata_ != null) {
+      size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream
+        .computeMessageSize(1, getMetadata());
+    }
+    if (params_ != null) {
+      size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream
+        .computeMessageSize(2, getParams());
+    }
+    if (normalizer_ != null) {
+      size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream
+        .computeMessageSize(3, getNormalizer());
+    }
+    if (java.lang.Double.doubleToRawLongBits(threshold_) != 0) {
+      size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream
+        .computeDoubleSize(4, threshold_);
+    }
+    size += unknownFields.getSerializedSize();
+    memoizedSize = size;
+    return size;
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public boolean equals(final java.lang.Object obj) {
+    if (obj == this) {
+     return true;
+    }
+    if (!(obj instanceof org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.FMMultiLabelModelProto)) {
+      return super.equals(obj);
+    }
+    org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.FMMultiLabelModelProto other = (org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.FMMultiLabelModelProto) obj;
+
+    if (hasMetadata() != other.hasMetadata()) return false;
+    if (hasMetadata()) {
+      if (!getMetadata()
+          .equals(other.getMetadata())) return false;
+    }
+    if (hasParams() != other.hasParams()) return false;
+    if (hasParams()) {
+      if (!getParams()
+          .equals(other.getParams())) return false;
+    }
+    if (hasNormalizer() != other.hasNormalizer()) return false;
+    if (hasNormalizer()) {
+      if (!getNormalizer()
+          .equals(other.getNormalizer())) return false;
+    }
+    if (java.lang.Double.doubleToLongBits(getThreshold())
+        != java.lang.Double.doubleToLongBits(
+            other.getThreshold())) return false;
+    if (!unknownFields.equals(other.unknownFields)) return false;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public int hashCode() {
+    if (memoizedHashCode != 0) {
+      return memoizedHashCode;
+    }
+    int hash = 41;
+    hash = (19 * hash) + getDescriptor().hashCode();
+    if (hasMetadata()) {
+      hash = (37 * hash) + METADATA_FIELD_NUMBER;
+      hash = (53 * hash) + getMetadata().hashCode();
+    }
+    if (hasParams()) {
+      hash = (37 * hash) + PARAMS_FIELD_NUMBER;
+      hash = (53 * hash) + getParams().hashCode();
+    }
+    if (hasNormalizer()) {
+      hash = (37 * hash) + NORMALIZER_FIELD_NUMBER;
+      hash = (53 * hash) + getNormalizer().hashCode();
+    }
+    hash = (37 * hash) + THRESHOLD_FIELD_NUMBER;
+    hash = (53 * hash) + com.google.protobuf.Internal.hashLong(
+        java.lang.Double.doubleToLongBits(getThreshold()));
+    hash = (29 * hash) + unknownFields.hashCode();
+    memoizedHashCode = hash;
+    return hash;
+  }
+
+  public static org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.FMMultiLabelModelProto parseFrom(
+      java.nio.ByteBuffer data)
+      throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return PARSER.parseFrom(data);
+  }
+  public static org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.FMMultiLabelModelProto parseFrom(
+      java.nio.ByteBuffer data,
+      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return PARSER.parseFrom(data, extensionRegistry);
+  }
+  public static org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.FMMultiLabelModelProto parseFrom(
+      com.google.protobuf.ByteString data)
+      throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return PARSER.parseFrom(data);
+  }
+  public static org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.FMMultiLabelModelProto parseFrom(
+      com.google.protobuf.ByteString data,
+      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return PARSER.parseFrom(data, extensionRegistry);
+  }
+  public static org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.FMMultiLabelModelProto parseFrom(byte[] data)
+      throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return PARSER.parseFrom(data);
+  }
+  public static org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.FMMultiLabelModelProto parseFrom(
+      byte[] data,
+      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return PARSER.parseFrom(data, extensionRegistry);
+  }
+  public static org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.FMMultiLabelModelProto parseFrom(java.io.InputStream input)
+      throws java.io.IOException {
+    return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
+        .parseWithIOException(PARSER, input);
+  }
+  public static org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.FMMultiLabelModelProto parseFrom(
+      java.io.InputStream input,
+      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws java.io.IOException {
+    return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
+        .parseWithIOException(PARSER, input, extensionRegistry);
+  }
+  public static org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.FMMultiLabelModelProto parseDelimitedFrom(java.io.InputStream input)
+      throws java.io.IOException {
+    return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
+        .parseDelimitedWithIOException(PARSER, input);
+  }
+  public static org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.FMMultiLabelModelProto parseDelimitedFrom(
+      java.io.InputStream input,
+      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws java.io.IOException {
+    return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
+        .parseDelimitedWithIOException(PARSER, input, extensionRegistry);
+  }
+  public static org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.FMMultiLabelModelProto parseFrom(
+      com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input)
+      throws java.io.IOException {
+    return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
+        .parseWithIOException(PARSER, input);
+  }
+  public static org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.FMMultiLabelModelProto parseFrom(
+      com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
+      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws java.io.IOException {
+    return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
+        .parseWithIOException(PARSER, input, extensionRegistry);
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public Builder newBuilderForType() { return newBuilder(); }
+  public static Builder newBuilder() {
+    return DEFAULT_INSTANCE.toBuilder();
+  }
+  public static Builder newBuilder(org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.FMMultiLabelModelProto prototype) {
+    return DEFAULT_INSTANCE.toBuilder().mergeFrom(prototype);
+  }
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public Builder toBuilder() {
+    return this == DEFAULT_INSTANCE
+        ? new Builder() : new Builder().mergeFrom(this);
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  protected Builder newBuilderForType(
+      com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.BuilderParent parent) {
+    Builder builder = new Builder(parent);
+    return builder;
+  }
+  /**
+   * <pre>
+   *FMMultiLabelModel proto
+   * </pre>
+   *
+   * Protobuf type {@code tribuo.multilabel.sgd.FMMultiLabelModelProto}
+   */
+  public static final class Builder extends
+      com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<Builder> implements
+      // @@protoc_insertion_point(builder_implements:tribuo.multilabel.sgd.FMMultiLabelModelProto)
+      org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.FMMultiLabelModelProtoOrBuilder {
+    public static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
+        getDescriptor() {
+      return org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.TribuoMultilabelSgd.internal_static_tribuo_multilabel_sgd_FMMultiLabelModelProto_descriptor;
+    }
+
+    @java.lang.Override
+    protected com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable
+        internalGetFieldAccessorTable() {
+      return org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.TribuoMultilabelSgd.internal_static_tribuo_multilabel_sgd_FMMultiLabelModelProto_fieldAccessorTable
+          .ensureFieldAccessorsInitialized(
+              org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.FMMultiLabelModelProto.class, org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.FMMultiLabelModelProto.Builder.class);
+    }
+
+    // Construct using org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.FMMultiLabelModelProto.newBuilder()
+    private Builder() {
+      maybeForceBuilderInitialization();
+    }
+
+    private Builder(
+        com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.BuilderParent parent) {
+      super(parent);
+      maybeForceBuilderInitialization();
+    }
+    private void maybeForceBuilderInitialization() {
+      if (com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
+              .alwaysUseFieldBuilders) {
+      }
+    }
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public Builder clear() {
+      super.clear();
+      if (metadataBuilder_ == null) {
+        metadata_ = null;
+      } else {
+        metadata_ = null;
+        metadataBuilder_ = null;
+      }
+      if (paramsBuilder_ == null) {
+        params_ = null;
+      } else {
+        params_ = null;
+        paramsBuilder_ = null;
+      }
+      if (normalizerBuilder_ == null) {
+        normalizer_ = null;
+      } else {
+        normalizer_ = null;
+        normalizerBuilder_ = null;
+      }
+      threshold_ = 0D;
+
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
+        getDescriptorForType() {
+      return org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.TribuoMultilabelSgd.internal_static_tribuo_multilabel_sgd_FMMultiLabelModelProto_descriptor;
+    }
+
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.FMMultiLabelModelProto getDefaultInstanceForType() {
+      return org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.FMMultiLabelModelProto.getDefaultInstance();
+    }
+
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.FMMultiLabelModelProto build() {
+      org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.FMMultiLabelModelProto result = buildPartial();
+      if (!result.isInitialized()) {
+        throw newUninitializedMessageException(result);
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.FMMultiLabelModelProto buildPartial() {
+      org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.FMMultiLabelModelProto result = new org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.FMMultiLabelModelProto(this);
+      if (metadataBuilder_ == null) {
+        result.metadata_ = metadata_;
+      } else {
+        result.metadata_ = metadataBuilder_.build();
+      }
+      if (paramsBuilder_ == null) {
+        result.params_ = params_;
+      } else {
+        result.params_ = paramsBuilder_.build();
+      }
+      if (normalizerBuilder_ == null) {
+        result.normalizer_ = normalizer_;
+      } else {
+        result.normalizer_ = normalizerBuilder_.build();
+      }
+      result.threshold_ = threshold_;
+      onBuilt();
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public Builder clone() {
+      return super.clone();
+    }
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public Builder setField(
+        com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field,
+        java.lang.Object value) {
+      return super.setField(field, value);
+    }
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public Builder clearField(
+        com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field) {
+      return super.clearField(field);
+    }
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public Builder clearOneof(
+        com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.OneofDescriptor oneof) {
+      return super.clearOneof(oneof);
+    }
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public Builder setRepeatedField(
+        com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field,
+        int index, java.lang.Object value) {
+      return super.setRepeatedField(field, index, value);
+    }
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public Builder addRepeatedField(
+        com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field,
+        java.lang.Object value) {
+      return super.addRepeatedField(field, value);
+    }
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public Builder mergeFrom(com.google.protobuf.Message other) {
+      if (other instanceof org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.FMMultiLabelModelProto) {
+        return mergeFrom((org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.FMMultiLabelModelProto)other);
+      } else {
+        super.mergeFrom(other);
+        return this;
+      }
+    }
+
+    public Builder mergeFrom(org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.FMMultiLabelModelProto other) {
+      if (other == org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.FMMultiLabelModelProto.getDefaultInstance()) return this;
+      if (other.hasMetadata()) {
+        mergeMetadata(other.getMetadata());
+      }
+      if (other.hasParams()) {
+        mergeParams(other.getParams());
+      }
+      if (other.hasNormalizer()) {
+        mergeNormalizer(other.getNormalizer());
+      }
+      if (other.getThreshold() != 0D) {
+        setThreshold(other.getThreshold());
+      }
+      this.mergeUnknownFields(other.unknownFields);
+      onChanged();
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public final boolean isInitialized() {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public Builder mergeFrom(
+        com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
+        com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws java.io.IOException {
+      org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.FMMultiLabelModelProto parsedMessage = null;
+      try {
+        parsedMessage = PARSER.parsePartialFrom(input, extensionRegistry);
+      } catch (com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+        parsedMessage = (org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.FMMultiLabelModelProto) e.getUnfinishedMessage();
+        throw e.unwrapIOException();
+      } finally {
+        if (parsedMessage != null) {
+          mergeFrom(parsedMessage);
+        }
+      }
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    private org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto metadata_;
+    private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<
+        org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto, org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.Builder, org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProtoOrBuilder> metadataBuilder_;
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+     * @return Whether the metadata field is set.
+     */
+    public boolean hasMetadata() {
+      return metadataBuilder_ != null || metadata_ != null;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+     * @return The metadata.
+     */
+    public org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto getMetadata() {
+      if (metadataBuilder_ == null) {
+        return metadata_ == null ? org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.getDefaultInstance() : metadata_;
+      } else {
+        return metadataBuilder_.getMessage();
+      }
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder setMetadata(org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto value) {
+      if (metadataBuilder_ == null) {
+        if (value == null) {
+          throw new NullPointerException();
+        }
+        metadata_ = value;
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        metadataBuilder_.setMessage(value);
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder setMetadata(
+        org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.Builder builderForValue) {
+      if (metadataBuilder_ == null) {
+        metadata_ = builderForValue.build();
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        metadataBuilder_.setMessage(builderForValue.build());
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder mergeMetadata(org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto value) {
+      if (metadataBuilder_ == null) {
+        if (metadata_ != null) {
+          metadata_ =
+            org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.newBuilder(metadata_).mergeFrom(value).buildPartial();
+        } else {
+          metadata_ = value;
+        }
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        metadataBuilder_.mergeFrom(value);
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder clearMetadata() {
+      if (metadataBuilder_ == null) {
+        metadata_ = null;
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        metadata_ = null;
+        metadataBuilder_ = null;
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+     */
+    public org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.Builder getMetadataBuilder() {
+      
+      onChanged();
+      return getMetadataFieldBuilder().getBuilder();
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+     */
+    public org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProtoOrBuilder getMetadataOrBuilder() {
+      if (metadataBuilder_ != null) {
+        return metadataBuilder_.getMessageOrBuilder();
+      } else {
+        return metadata_ == null ?
+            org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.getDefaultInstance() : metadata_;
+      }
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+     */
+    private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<
+        org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto, org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.Builder, org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProtoOrBuilder> 
+        getMetadataFieldBuilder() {
+      if (metadataBuilder_ == null) {
+        metadataBuilder_ = new com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<
+            org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto, org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.Builder, org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProtoOrBuilder>(
+                getMetadata(),
+                getParentForChildren(),
+                isClean());
+        metadata_ = null;
+      }
+      return metadataBuilder_;
+    }
+
+    private org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto params_;
+    private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<
+        org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto, org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.Builder, org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProtoOrBuilder> paramsBuilder_;
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+     * @return Whether the params field is set.
+     */
+    public boolean hasParams() {
+      return paramsBuilder_ != null || params_ != null;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+     * @return The params.
+     */
+    public org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto getParams() {
+      if (paramsBuilder_ == null) {
+        return params_ == null ? org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.getDefaultInstance() : params_;
+      } else {
+        return paramsBuilder_.getMessage();
+      }
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder setParams(org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto value) {
+      if (paramsBuilder_ == null) {
+        if (value == null) {
+          throw new NullPointerException();
+        }
+        params_ = value;
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        paramsBuilder_.setMessage(value);
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder setParams(
+        org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.Builder builderForValue) {
+      if (paramsBuilder_ == null) {
+        params_ = builderForValue.build();
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        paramsBuilder_.setMessage(builderForValue.build());
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder mergeParams(org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto value) {
+      if (paramsBuilder_ == null) {
+        if (params_ != null) {
+          params_ =
+            org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.newBuilder(params_).mergeFrom(value).buildPartial();
+        } else {
+          params_ = value;
+        }
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        paramsBuilder_.mergeFrom(value);
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder clearParams() {
+      if (paramsBuilder_ == null) {
+        params_ = null;
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        params_ = null;
+        paramsBuilder_ = null;
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+     */
+    public org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.Builder getParamsBuilder() {
+      
+      onChanged();
+      return getParamsFieldBuilder().getBuilder();
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+     */
+    public org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProtoOrBuilder getParamsOrBuilder() {
+      if (paramsBuilder_ != null) {
+        return paramsBuilder_.getMessageOrBuilder();
+      } else {
+        return params_ == null ?
+            org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.getDefaultInstance() : params_;
+      }
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+     */
+    private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<
+        org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto, org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.Builder, org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProtoOrBuilder> 
+        getParamsFieldBuilder() {
+      if (paramsBuilder_ == null) {
+        paramsBuilder_ = new com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<
+            org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto, org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.Builder, org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProtoOrBuilder>(
+                getParams(),
+                getParentForChildren(),
+                isClean());
+        params_ = null;
+      }
+      return paramsBuilder_;
+    }
+
+    private org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto normalizer_;
+    private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<
+        org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto, org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto.Builder, org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProtoOrBuilder> normalizerBuilder_;
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.NormalizerProto normalizer = 3;</code>
+     * @return Whether the normalizer field is set.
+     */
+    public boolean hasNormalizer() {
+      return normalizerBuilder_ != null || normalizer_ != null;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.NormalizerProto normalizer = 3;</code>
+     * @return The normalizer.
+     */
+    public org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto getNormalizer() {
+      if (normalizerBuilder_ == null) {
+        return normalizer_ == null ? org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto.getDefaultInstance() : normalizer_;
+      } else {
+        return normalizerBuilder_.getMessage();
+      }
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.NormalizerProto normalizer = 3;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder setNormalizer(org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto value) {
+      if (normalizerBuilder_ == null) {
+        if (value == null) {
+          throw new NullPointerException();
+        }
+        normalizer_ = value;
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        normalizerBuilder_.setMessage(value);
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.NormalizerProto normalizer = 3;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder setNormalizer(
+        org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto.Builder builderForValue) {
+      if (normalizerBuilder_ == null) {
+        normalizer_ = builderForValue.build();
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        normalizerBuilder_.setMessage(builderForValue.build());
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.NormalizerProto normalizer = 3;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder mergeNormalizer(org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto value) {
+      if (normalizerBuilder_ == null) {
+        if (normalizer_ != null) {
+          normalizer_ =
+            org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto.newBuilder(normalizer_).mergeFrom(value).buildPartial();
+        } else {
+          normalizer_ = value;
+        }
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        normalizerBuilder_.mergeFrom(value);
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.NormalizerProto normalizer = 3;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder clearNormalizer() {
+      if (normalizerBuilder_ == null) {
+        normalizer_ = null;
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        normalizer_ = null;
+        normalizerBuilder_ = null;
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.NormalizerProto normalizer = 3;</code>
+     */
+    public org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto.Builder getNormalizerBuilder() {
+      
+      onChanged();
+      return getNormalizerFieldBuilder().getBuilder();
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.NormalizerProto normalizer = 3;</code>
+     */
+    public org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProtoOrBuilder getNormalizerOrBuilder() {
+      if (normalizerBuilder_ != null) {
+        return normalizerBuilder_.getMessageOrBuilder();
+      } else {
+        return normalizer_ == null ?
+            org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto.getDefaultInstance() : normalizer_;
+      }
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.NormalizerProto normalizer = 3;</code>
+     */
+    private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<
+        org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto, org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto.Builder, org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProtoOrBuilder> 
+        getNormalizerFieldBuilder() {
+      if (normalizerBuilder_ == null) {
+        normalizerBuilder_ = new com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<
+            org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto, org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto.Builder, org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProtoOrBuilder>(
+                getNormalizer(),
+                getParentForChildren(),
+                isClean());
+        normalizer_ = null;
+      }
+      return normalizerBuilder_;
+    }
+
+    private double threshold_ ;
+    /**
+     * <code>double threshold = 4;</code>
+     * @return The threshold.
+     */
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public double getThreshold() {
+      return threshold_;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>double threshold = 4;</code>
+     * @param value The threshold to set.
+     * @return This builder for chaining.
+     */
+    public Builder setThreshold(double value) {
+      
+      threshold_ = value;
+      onChanged();
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>double threshold = 4;</code>
+     * @return This builder for chaining.
+     */
+    public Builder clearThreshold() {
+      
+      threshold_ = 0D;
+      onChanged();
+      return this;
+    }
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public final Builder setUnknownFields(
+        final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {
+      return super.setUnknownFields(unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public final Builder mergeUnknownFields(
+        final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {
+      return super.mergeUnknownFields(unknownFields);
+    }
+
+
+    // @@protoc_insertion_point(builder_scope:tribuo.multilabel.sgd.FMMultiLabelModelProto)
+  }
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:tribuo.multilabel.sgd.FMMultiLabelModelProto)
+  private static final org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.FMMultiLabelModelProto DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
+  static {
+    DEFAULT_INSTANCE = new org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.FMMultiLabelModelProto();
+  }
+
+  public static org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.FMMultiLabelModelProto getDefaultInstance() {
+    return DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
+  }
+
+  private static final com.google.protobuf.Parser<FMMultiLabelModelProto>
+      PARSER = new com.google.protobuf.AbstractParser<FMMultiLabelModelProto>() {
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public FMMultiLabelModelProto parsePartialFrom(
+        com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
+        com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      return new FMMultiLabelModelProto(input, extensionRegistry);
+    }
+  };
+
+  public static com.google.protobuf.Parser<FMMultiLabelModelProto> parser() {
+    return PARSER;
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public com.google.protobuf.Parser<FMMultiLabelModelProto> getParserForType() {
+    return PARSER;
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.FMMultiLabelModelProto getDefaultInstanceForType() {
+    return DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
+  }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/MultiLabel/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/multilabel/sgd/protos/FMMultiLabelModelProtoOrBuilder.java b/MultiLabel/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/multilabel/sgd/protos/FMMultiLabelModelProtoOrBuilder.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0a322fa02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MultiLabel/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/multilabel/sgd/protos/FMMultiLabelModelProtoOrBuilder.java
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: tribuo-multilabel-sgd.proto
+
+package org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos;
+
+public interface FMMultiLabelModelProtoOrBuilder extends
+    // @@protoc_insertion_point(interface_extends:tribuo.multilabel.sgd.FMMultiLabelModelProto)
+    com.google.protobuf.MessageOrBuilder {
+
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+   * @return Whether the metadata field is set.
+   */
+  boolean hasMetadata();
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+   * @return The metadata.
+   */
+  org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto getMetadata();
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+   */
+  org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProtoOrBuilder getMetadataOrBuilder();
+
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+   * @return Whether the params field is set.
+   */
+  boolean hasParams();
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+   * @return The params.
+   */
+  org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto getParams();
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+   */
+  org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProtoOrBuilder getParamsOrBuilder();
+
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.NormalizerProto normalizer = 3;</code>
+   * @return Whether the normalizer field is set.
+   */
+  boolean hasNormalizer();
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.NormalizerProto normalizer = 3;</code>
+   * @return The normalizer.
+   */
+  org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto getNormalizer();
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.NormalizerProto normalizer = 3;</code>
+   */
+  org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProtoOrBuilder getNormalizerOrBuilder();
+
+  /**
+   * <code>double threshold = 4;</code>
+   * @return The threshold.
+   */
+  double getThreshold();
+}
diff --git a/MultiLabel/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/multilabel/sgd/protos/MultiLabelLinearSGDProto.java b/MultiLabel/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/multilabel/sgd/protos/MultiLabelLinearSGDProto.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5cc557940
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MultiLabel/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/multilabel/sgd/protos/MultiLabelLinearSGDProto.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1057 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: tribuo-multilabel-sgd.proto
+
+package org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos;
+
+/**
+ * <pre>
+ *LinearSGDModel proto
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * Protobuf type {@code tribuo.multilabel.sgd.MultiLabelLinearSGDProto}
+ */
+public final class MultiLabelLinearSGDProto extends
+    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3 implements
+    // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_implements:tribuo.multilabel.sgd.MultiLabelLinearSGDProto)
+    MultiLabelLinearSGDProtoOrBuilder {
+private static final long serialVersionUID = 0L;
+  // Use MultiLabelLinearSGDProto.newBuilder() to construct.
+  private MultiLabelLinearSGDProto(com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<?> builder) {
+    super(builder);
+  }
+  private MultiLabelLinearSGDProto() {
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  @SuppressWarnings({"unused"})
+  protected java.lang.Object newInstance(
+      UnusedPrivateParameter unused) {
+    return new MultiLabelLinearSGDProto();
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet
+  getUnknownFields() {
+    return this.unknownFields;
+  }
+  private MultiLabelLinearSGDProto(
+      com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
+      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    this();
+    if (extensionRegistry == null) {
+      throw new java.lang.NullPointerException();
+    }
+    com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet.Builder unknownFields =
+        com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder();
+    try {
+      boolean done = false;
+      while (!done) {
+        int tag = input.readTag();
+        switch (tag) {
+          case 0:
+            done = true;
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.Builder subBuilder = null;
+            if (metadata_ != null) {
+              subBuilder = metadata_.toBuilder();
+            }
+            metadata_ = input.readMessage(org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.parser(), extensionRegistry);
+            if (subBuilder != null) {
+              subBuilder.mergeFrom(metadata_);
+              metadata_ = subBuilder.buildPartial();
+            }
+
+            break;
+          }
+          case 18: {
+            org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.Builder subBuilder = null;
+            if (params_ != null) {
+              subBuilder = params_.toBuilder();
+            }
+            params_ = input.readMessage(org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.parser(), extensionRegistry);
+            if (subBuilder != null) {
+              subBuilder.mergeFrom(params_);
+              params_ = subBuilder.buildPartial();
+            }
+
+            break;
+          }
+          case 26: {
+            org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto.Builder subBuilder = null;
+            if (normalizer_ != null) {
+              subBuilder = normalizer_.toBuilder();
+            }
+            normalizer_ = input.readMessage(org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto.parser(), extensionRegistry);
+            if (subBuilder != null) {
+              subBuilder.mergeFrom(normalizer_);
+              normalizer_ = subBuilder.buildPartial();
+            }
+
+            break;
+          }
+          case 33: {
+
+            threshold_ = input.readDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          default: {
+            if (!parseUnknownField(
+                input, unknownFields, extensionRegistry, tag)) {
+              done = true;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    } catch (com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      throw e.setUnfinishedMessage(this);
+    } catch (java.io.IOException e) {
+      throw new com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException(
+          e).setUnfinishedMessage(this);
+    } finally {
+      this.unknownFields = unknownFields.build();
+      makeExtensionsImmutable();
+    }
+  }
+  public static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
+      getDescriptor() {
+    return org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.TribuoMultilabelSgd.internal_static_tribuo_multilabel_sgd_MultiLabelLinearSGDProto_descriptor;
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  protected com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable
+      internalGetFieldAccessorTable() {
+    return org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.TribuoMultilabelSgd.internal_static_tribuo_multilabel_sgd_MultiLabelLinearSGDProto_fieldAccessorTable
+        .ensureFieldAccessorsInitialized(
+            org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.MultiLabelLinearSGDProto.class, org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.MultiLabelLinearSGDProto.Builder.class);
+  }
+
+  public static final int METADATA_FIELD_NUMBER = 1;
+  private org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto metadata_;
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+   * @return Whether the metadata field is set.
+   */
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public boolean hasMetadata() {
+    return metadata_ != null;
+  }
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+   * @return The metadata.
+   */
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto getMetadata() {
+    return metadata_ == null ? org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.getDefaultInstance() : metadata_;
+  }
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+   */
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProtoOrBuilder getMetadataOrBuilder() {
+    return getMetadata();
+  }
+
+  public static final int PARAMS_FIELD_NUMBER = 2;
+  private org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto params_;
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+   * @return Whether the params field is set.
+   */
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public boolean hasParams() {
+    return params_ != null;
+  }
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+   * @return The params.
+   */
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto getParams() {
+    return params_ == null ? org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.getDefaultInstance() : params_;
+  }
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+   */
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProtoOrBuilder getParamsOrBuilder() {
+    return getParams();
+  }
+
+  public static final int NORMALIZER_FIELD_NUMBER = 3;
+  private org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto normalizer_;
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.NormalizerProto normalizer = 3;</code>
+   * @return Whether the normalizer field is set.
+   */
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public boolean hasNormalizer() {
+    return normalizer_ != null;
+  }
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.NormalizerProto normalizer = 3;</code>
+   * @return The normalizer.
+   */
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto getNormalizer() {
+    return normalizer_ == null ? org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto.getDefaultInstance() : normalizer_;
+  }
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.NormalizerProto normalizer = 3;</code>
+   */
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProtoOrBuilder getNormalizerOrBuilder() {
+    return getNormalizer();
+  }
+
+  public static final int THRESHOLD_FIELD_NUMBER = 4;
+  private double threshold_;
+  /**
+   * <code>double threshold = 4;</code>
+   * @return The threshold.
+   */
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public double getThreshold() {
+    return threshold_;
+  }
+
+  private byte memoizedIsInitialized = -1;
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public final boolean isInitialized() {
+    byte isInitialized = memoizedIsInitialized;
+    if (isInitialized == 1) return true;
+    if (isInitialized == 0) return false;
+
+    memoizedIsInitialized = 1;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public void writeTo(com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream output)
+                      throws java.io.IOException {
+    if (metadata_ != null) {
+      output.writeMessage(1, getMetadata());
+    }
+    if (params_ != null) {
+      output.writeMessage(2, getParams());
+    }
+    if (normalizer_ != null) {
+      output.writeMessage(3, getNormalizer());
+    }
+    if (java.lang.Double.doubleToRawLongBits(threshold_) != 0) {
+      output.writeDouble(4, threshold_);
+    }
+    unknownFields.writeTo(output);
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public int getSerializedSize() {
+    int size = memoizedSize;
+    if (size != -1) return size;
+
+    size = 0;
+    if (metadata_ != null) {
+      size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream
+        .computeMessageSize(1, getMetadata());
+    }
+    if (params_ != null) {
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+        .computeMessageSize(2, getParams());
+    }
+    if (normalizer_ != null) {
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+        .computeMessageSize(3, getNormalizer());
+    }
+    if (java.lang.Double.doubleToRawLongBits(threshold_) != 0) {
+      size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream
+        .computeDoubleSize(4, threshold_);
+    }
+    size += unknownFields.getSerializedSize();
+    memoizedSize = size;
+    return size;
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public boolean equals(final java.lang.Object obj) {
+    if (obj == this) {
+     return true;
+    }
+    if (!(obj instanceof org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.MultiLabelLinearSGDProto)) {
+      return super.equals(obj);
+    }
+    org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.MultiLabelLinearSGDProto other = (org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.MultiLabelLinearSGDProto) obj;
+
+    if (hasMetadata() != other.hasMetadata()) return false;
+    if (hasMetadata()) {
+      if (!getMetadata()
+          .equals(other.getMetadata())) return false;
+    }
+    if (hasParams() != other.hasParams()) return false;
+    if (hasParams()) {
+      if (!getParams()
+          .equals(other.getParams())) return false;
+    }
+    if (hasNormalizer() != other.hasNormalizer()) return false;
+    if (hasNormalizer()) {
+      if (!getNormalizer()
+          .equals(other.getNormalizer())) return false;
+    }
+    if (java.lang.Double.doubleToLongBits(getThreshold())
+        != java.lang.Double.doubleToLongBits(
+            other.getThreshold())) return false;
+    if (!unknownFields.equals(other.unknownFields)) return false;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public int hashCode() {
+    if (memoizedHashCode != 0) {
+      return memoizedHashCode;
+    }
+    int hash = 41;
+    hash = (19 * hash) + getDescriptor().hashCode();
+    if (hasMetadata()) {
+      hash = (37 * hash) + METADATA_FIELD_NUMBER;
+      hash = (53 * hash) + getMetadata().hashCode();
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+    if (hasParams()) {
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+      hash = (53 * hash) + getParams().hashCode();
+    }
+    if (hasNormalizer()) {
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+    }
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+    hash = (53 * hash) + com.google.protobuf.Internal.hashLong(
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+    hash = (29 * hash) + unknownFields.hashCode();
+    memoizedHashCode = hash;
+    return hash;
+  }
+
+  public static org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.MultiLabelLinearSGDProto parseFrom(
+      java.nio.ByteBuffer data)
+      throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return PARSER.parseFrom(data);
+  }
+  public static org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.MultiLabelLinearSGDProto parseFrom(
+      java.nio.ByteBuffer data,
+      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return PARSER.parseFrom(data, extensionRegistry);
+  }
+  public static org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.MultiLabelLinearSGDProto parseFrom(
+      com.google.protobuf.ByteString data)
+      throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return PARSER.parseFrom(data);
+  }
+  public static org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.MultiLabelLinearSGDProto parseFrom(
+      com.google.protobuf.ByteString data,
+      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return PARSER.parseFrom(data, extensionRegistry);
+  }
+  public static org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.MultiLabelLinearSGDProto parseFrom(byte[] data)
+      throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return PARSER.parseFrom(data);
+  }
+  public static org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.MultiLabelLinearSGDProto parseFrom(
+      byte[] data,
+      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return PARSER.parseFrom(data, extensionRegistry);
+  }
+  public static org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.MultiLabelLinearSGDProto parseFrom(java.io.InputStream input)
+      throws java.io.IOException {
+    return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
+        .parseWithIOException(PARSER, input);
+  }
+  public static org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.MultiLabelLinearSGDProto parseFrom(
+      java.io.InputStream input,
+      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws java.io.IOException {
+    return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
+        .parseWithIOException(PARSER, input, extensionRegistry);
+  }
+  public static org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.MultiLabelLinearSGDProto parseDelimitedFrom(java.io.InputStream input)
+      throws java.io.IOException {
+    return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
+        .parseDelimitedWithIOException(PARSER, input);
+  }
+  public static org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.MultiLabelLinearSGDProto parseDelimitedFrom(
+      java.io.InputStream input,
+      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws java.io.IOException {
+    return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
+        .parseDelimitedWithIOException(PARSER, input, extensionRegistry);
+  }
+  public static org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.MultiLabelLinearSGDProto parseFrom(
+      com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input)
+      throws java.io.IOException {
+    return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
+        .parseWithIOException(PARSER, input);
+  }
+  public static org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.MultiLabelLinearSGDProto parseFrom(
+      com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
+      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws java.io.IOException {
+    return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
+        .parseWithIOException(PARSER, input, extensionRegistry);
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public Builder newBuilderForType() { return newBuilder(); }
+  public static Builder newBuilder() {
+    return DEFAULT_INSTANCE.toBuilder();
+  }
+  public static Builder newBuilder(org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.MultiLabelLinearSGDProto prototype) {
+    return DEFAULT_INSTANCE.toBuilder().mergeFrom(prototype);
+  }
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public Builder toBuilder() {
+    return this == DEFAULT_INSTANCE
+        ? new Builder() : new Builder().mergeFrom(this);
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  protected Builder newBuilderForType(
+      com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.BuilderParent parent) {
+    Builder builder = new Builder(parent);
+    return builder;
+  }
+  /**
+   * <pre>
+   *LinearSGDModel proto
+   * </pre>
+   *
+   * Protobuf type {@code tribuo.multilabel.sgd.MultiLabelLinearSGDProto}
+   */
+  public static final class Builder extends
+      com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<Builder> implements
+      // @@protoc_insertion_point(builder_implements:tribuo.multilabel.sgd.MultiLabelLinearSGDProto)
+      org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.MultiLabelLinearSGDProtoOrBuilder {
+    public static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
+        getDescriptor() {
+      return org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.TribuoMultilabelSgd.internal_static_tribuo_multilabel_sgd_MultiLabelLinearSGDProto_descriptor;
+    }
+
+    @java.lang.Override
+    protected com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable
+        internalGetFieldAccessorTable() {
+      return org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.TribuoMultilabelSgd.internal_static_tribuo_multilabel_sgd_MultiLabelLinearSGDProto_fieldAccessorTable
+          .ensureFieldAccessorsInitialized(
+              org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.MultiLabelLinearSGDProto.class, org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.MultiLabelLinearSGDProto.Builder.class);
+    }
+
+    // Construct using org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.MultiLabelLinearSGDProto.newBuilder()
+    private Builder() {
+      maybeForceBuilderInitialization();
+    }
+
+    private Builder(
+        com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.BuilderParent parent) {
+      super(parent);
+      maybeForceBuilderInitialization();
+    }
+    private void maybeForceBuilderInitialization() {
+      if (com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
+              .alwaysUseFieldBuilders) {
+      }
+    }
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public Builder clear() {
+      super.clear();
+      if (metadataBuilder_ == null) {
+        metadata_ = null;
+      } else {
+        metadata_ = null;
+        metadataBuilder_ = null;
+      }
+      if (paramsBuilder_ == null) {
+        params_ = null;
+      } else {
+        params_ = null;
+        paramsBuilder_ = null;
+      }
+      if (normalizerBuilder_ == null) {
+        normalizer_ = null;
+      } else {
+        normalizer_ = null;
+        normalizerBuilder_ = null;
+      }
+      threshold_ = 0D;
+
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
+        getDescriptorForType() {
+      return org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.TribuoMultilabelSgd.internal_static_tribuo_multilabel_sgd_MultiLabelLinearSGDProto_descriptor;
+    }
+
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.MultiLabelLinearSGDProto getDefaultInstanceForType() {
+      return org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.MultiLabelLinearSGDProto.getDefaultInstance();
+    }
+
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.MultiLabelLinearSGDProto build() {
+      org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.MultiLabelLinearSGDProto result = buildPartial();
+      if (!result.isInitialized()) {
+        throw newUninitializedMessageException(result);
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.MultiLabelLinearSGDProto buildPartial() {
+      org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.MultiLabelLinearSGDProto result = new org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.MultiLabelLinearSGDProto(this);
+      if (metadataBuilder_ == null) {
+        result.metadata_ = metadata_;
+      } else {
+        result.metadata_ = metadataBuilder_.build();
+      }
+      if (paramsBuilder_ == null) {
+        result.params_ = params_;
+      } else {
+        result.params_ = paramsBuilder_.build();
+      }
+      if (normalizerBuilder_ == null) {
+        result.normalizer_ = normalizer_;
+      } else {
+        result.normalizer_ = normalizerBuilder_.build();
+      }
+      result.threshold_ = threshold_;
+      onBuilt();
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public Builder clone() {
+      return super.clone();
+    }
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public Builder setField(
+        com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field,
+        java.lang.Object value) {
+      return super.setField(field, value);
+    }
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public Builder clearField(
+        com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field) {
+      return super.clearField(field);
+    }
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public Builder clearOneof(
+        com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.OneofDescriptor oneof) {
+      return super.clearOneof(oneof);
+    }
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public Builder setRepeatedField(
+        com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field,
+        int index, java.lang.Object value) {
+      return super.setRepeatedField(field, index, value);
+    }
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public Builder addRepeatedField(
+        com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field,
+        java.lang.Object value) {
+      return super.addRepeatedField(field, value);
+    }
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public Builder mergeFrom(com.google.protobuf.Message other) {
+      if (other instanceof org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.MultiLabelLinearSGDProto) {
+        return mergeFrom((org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.MultiLabelLinearSGDProto)other);
+      } else {
+        super.mergeFrom(other);
+        return this;
+      }
+    }
+
+    public Builder mergeFrom(org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.MultiLabelLinearSGDProto other) {
+      if (other == org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.MultiLabelLinearSGDProto.getDefaultInstance()) return this;
+      if (other.hasMetadata()) {
+        mergeMetadata(other.getMetadata());
+      }
+      if (other.hasParams()) {
+        mergeParams(other.getParams());
+      }
+      if (other.hasNormalizer()) {
+        mergeNormalizer(other.getNormalizer());
+      }
+      if (other.getThreshold() != 0D) {
+        setThreshold(other.getThreshold());
+      }
+      this.mergeUnknownFields(other.unknownFields);
+      onChanged();
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public final boolean isInitialized() {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public Builder mergeFrom(
+        com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
+        com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws java.io.IOException {
+      org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.MultiLabelLinearSGDProto parsedMessage = null;
+      try {
+        parsedMessage = PARSER.parsePartialFrom(input, extensionRegistry);
+      } catch (com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+        parsedMessage = (org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.MultiLabelLinearSGDProto) e.getUnfinishedMessage();
+        throw e.unwrapIOException();
+      } finally {
+        if (parsedMessage != null) {
+          mergeFrom(parsedMessage);
+        }
+      }
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    private org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto metadata_;
+    private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<
+        org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto, org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.Builder, org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProtoOrBuilder> metadataBuilder_;
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+     * @return Whether the metadata field is set.
+     */
+    public boolean hasMetadata() {
+      return metadataBuilder_ != null || metadata_ != null;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+     * @return The metadata.
+     */
+    public org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto getMetadata() {
+      if (metadataBuilder_ == null) {
+        return metadata_ == null ? org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.getDefaultInstance() : metadata_;
+      } else {
+        return metadataBuilder_.getMessage();
+      }
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder setMetadata(org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto value) {
+      if (metadataBuilder_ == null) {
+        if (value == null) {
+          throw new NullPointerException();
+        }
+        metadata_ = value;
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        metadataBuilder_.setMessage(value);
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder setMetadata(
+        org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.Builder builderForValue) {
+      if (metadataBuilder_ == null) {
+        metadata_ = builderForValue.build();
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        metadataBuilder_.setMessage(builderForValue.build());
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder mergeMetadata(org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto value) {
+      if (metadataBuilder_ == null) {
+        if (metadata_ != null) {
+          metadata_ =
+            org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.newBuilder(metadata_).mergeFrom(value).buildPartial();
+        } else {
+          metadata_ = value;
+        }
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        metadataBuilder_.mergeFrom(value);
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder clearMetadata() {
+      if (metadataBuilder_ == null) {
+        metadata_ = null;
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        metadata_ = null;
+        metadataBuilder_ = null;
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+     */
+    public org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.Builder getMetadataBuilder() {
+      
+      onChanged();
+      return getMetadataFieldBuilder().getBuilder();
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+     */
+    public org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProtoOrBuilder getMetadataOrBuilder() {
+      if (metadataBuilder_ != null) {
+        return metadataBuilder_.getMessageOrBuilder();
+      } else {
+        return metadata_ == null ?
+            org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.getDefaultInstance() : metadata_;
+      }
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+     */
+    private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<
+        org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto, org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.Builder, org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProtoOrBuilder> 
+        getMetadataFieldBuilder() {
+      if (metadataBuilder_ == null) {
+        metadataBuilder_ = new com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<
+            org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto, org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.Builder, org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProtoOrBuilder>(
+                getMetadata(),
+                getParentForChildren(),
+                isClean());
+        metadata_ = null;
+      }
+      return metadataBuilder_;
+    }
+
+    private org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto params_;
+    private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<
+        org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto, org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.Builder, org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProtoOrBuilder> paramsBuilder_;
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+     * @return Whether the params field is set.
+     */
+    public boolean hasParams() {
+      return paramsBuilder_ != null || params_ != null;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+     * @return The params.
+     */
+    public org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto getParams() {
+      if (paramsBuilder_ == null) {
+        return params_ == null ? org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.getDefaultInstance() : params_;
+      } else {
+        return paramsBuilder_.getMessage();
+      }
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder setParams(org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto value) {
+      if (paramsBuilder_ == null) {
+        if (value == null) {
+          throw new NullPointerException();
+        }
+        params_ = value;
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        paramsBuilder_.setMessage(value);
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder setParams(
+        org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.Builder builderForValue) {
+      if (paramsBuilder_ == null) {
+        params_ = builderForValue.build();
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        paramsBuilder_.setMessage(builderForValue.build());
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder mergeParams(org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto value) {
+      if (paramsBuilder_ == null) {
+        if (params_ != null) {
+          params_ =
+            org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.newBuilder(params_).mergeFrom(value).buildPartial();
+        } else {
+          params_ = value;
+        }
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        paramsBuilder_.mergeFrom(value);
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder clearParams() {
+      if (paramsBuilder_ == null) {
+        params_ = null;
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        params_ = null;
+        paramsBuilder_ = null;
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+     */
+    public org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.Builder getParamsBuilder() {
+      
+      onChanged();
+      return getParamsFieldBuilder().getBuilder();
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+     */
+    public org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProtoOrBuilder getParamsOrBuilder() {
+      if (paramsBuilder_ != null) {
+        return paramsBuilder_.getMessageOrBuilder();
+      } else {
+        return params_ == null ?
+            org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.getDefaultInstance() : params_;
+      }
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+     */
+    private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<
+        org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto, org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.Builder, org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProtoOrBuilder> 
+        getParamsFieldBuilder() {
+      if (paramsBuilder_ == null) {
+        paramsBuilder_ = new com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<
+            org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto, org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.Builder, org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProtoOrBuilder>(
+                getParams(),
+                getParentForChildren(),
+                isClean());
+        params_ = null;
+      }
+      return paramsBuilder_;
+    }
+
+    private org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto normalizer_;
+    private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<
+        org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto, org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto.Builder, org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProtoOrBuilder> normalizerBuilder_;
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.NormalizerProto normalizer = 3;</code>
+     * @return Whether the normalizer field is set.
+     */
+    public boolean hasNormalizer() {
+      return normalizerBuilder_ != null || normalizer_ != null;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.NormalizerProto normalizer = 3;</code>
+     * @return The normalizer.
+     */
+    public org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto getNormalizer() {
+      if (normalizerBuilder_ == null) {
+        return normalizer_ == null ? org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto.getDefaultInstance() : normalizer_;
+      } else {
+        return normalizerBuilder_.getMessage();
+      }
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.NormalizerProto normalizer = 3;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder setNormalizer(org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto value) {
+      if (normalizerBuilder_ == null) {
+        if (value == null) {
+          throw new NullPointerException();
+        }
+        normalizer_ = value;
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        normalizerBuilder_.setMessage(value);
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.NormalizerProto normalizer = 3;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder setNormalizer(
+        org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto.Builder builderForValue) {
+      if (normalizerBuilder_ == null) {
+        normalizer_ = builderForValue.build();
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        normalizerBuilder_.setMessage(builderForValue.build());
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.NormalizerProto normalizer = 3;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder mergeNormalizer(org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto value) {
+      if (normalizerBuilder_ == null) {
+        if (normalizer_ != null) {
+          normalizer_ =
+            org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto.newBuilder(normalizer_).mergeFrom(value).buildPartial();
+        } else {
+          normalizer_ = value;
+        }
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        normalizerBuilder_.mergeFrom(value);
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.NormalizerProto normalizer = 3;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder clearNormalizer() {
+      if (normalizerBuilder_ == null) {
+        normalizer_ = null;
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        normalizer_ = null;
+        normalizerBuilder_ = null;
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.NormalizerProto normalizer = 3;</code>
+     */
+    public org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto.Builder getNormalizerBuilder() {
+      
+      onChanged();
+      return getNormalizerFieldBuilder().getBuilder();
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.NormalizerProto normalizer = 3;</code>
+     */
+    public org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProtoOrBuilder getNormalizerOrBuilder() {
+      if (normalizerBuilder_ != null) {
+        return normalizerBuilder_.getMessageOrBuilder();
+      } else {
+        return normalizer_ == null ?
+            org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto.getDefaultInstance() : normalizer_;
+      }
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.NormalizerProto normalizer = 3;</code>
+     */
+    private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<
+        org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto, org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto.Builder, org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProtoOrBuilder> 
+        getNormalizerFieldBuilder() {
+      if (normalizerBuilder_ == null) {
+        normalizerBuilder_ = new com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<
+            org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto, org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto.Builder, org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProtoOrBuilder>(
+                getNormalizer(),
+                getParentForChildren(),
+                isClean());
+        normalizer_ = null;
+      }
+      return normalizerBuilder_;
+    }
+
+    private double threshold_ ;
+    /**
+     * <code>double threshold = 4;</code>
+     * @return The threshold.
+     */
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public double getThreshold() {
+      return threshold_;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>double threshold = 4;</code>
+     * @param value The threshold to set.
+     * @return This builder for chaining.
+     */
+    public Builder setThreshold(double value) {
+      
+      threshold_ = value;
+      onChanged();
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>double threshold = 4;</code>
+     * @return This builder for chaining.
+     */
+    public Builder clearThreshold() {
+      
+      threshold_ = 0D;
+      onChanged();
+      return this;
+    }
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public final Builder setUnknownFields(
+        final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {
+      return super.setUnknownFields(unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public final Builder mergeUnknownFields(
+        final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {
+      return super.mergeUnknownFields(unknownFields);
+    }
+
+
+    // @@protoc_insertion_point(builder_scope:tribuo.multilabel.sgd.MultiLabelLinearSGDProto)
+  }
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:tribuo.multilabel.sgd.MultiLabelLinearSGDProto)
+  private static final org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.MultiLabelLinearSGDProto DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
+  static {
+    DEFAULT_INSTANCE = new org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.MultiLabelLinearSGDProto();
+  }
+
+  public static org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.MultiLabelLinearSGDProto getDefaultInstance() {
+    return DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
+  }
+
+  private static final com.google.protobuf.Parser<MultiLabelLinearSGDProto>
+      PARSER = new com.google.protobuf.AbstractParser<MultiLabelLinearSGDProto>() {
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public MultiLabelLinearSGDProto parsePartialFrom(
+        com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
+        com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      return new MultiLabelLinearSGDProto(input, extensionRegistry);
+    }
+  };
+
+  public static com.google.protobuf.Parser<MultiLabelLinearSGDProto> parser() {
+    return PARSER;
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public com.google.protobuf.Parser<MultiLabelLinearSGDProto> getParserForType() {
+    return PARSER;
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos.MultiLabelLinearSGDProto getDefaultInstanceForType() {
+    return DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
+  }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/MultiLabel/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/multilabel/sgd/protos/MultiLabelLinearSGDProtoOrBuilder.java b/MultiLabel/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/multilabel/sgd/protos/MultiLabelLinearSGDProtoOrBuilder.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..39e295334
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MultiLabel/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/multilabel/sgd/protos/MultiLabelLinearSGDProtoOrBuilder.java
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: tribuo-multilabel-sgd.proto
+
+package org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos;
+
+public interface MultiLabelLinearSGDProtoOrBuilder extends
+    // @@protoc_insertion_point(interface_extends:tribuo.multilabel.sgd.MultiLabelLinearSGDProto)
+    com.google.protobuf.MessageOrBuilder {
+
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+   * @return Whether the metadata field is set.
+   */
+  boolean hasMetadata();
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+   * @return The metadata.
+   */
+  org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto getMetadata();
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+   */
+  org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProtoOrBuilder getMetadataOrBuilder();
+
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+   * @return Whether the params field is set.
+   */
+  boolean hasParams();
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+   * @return The params.
+   */
+  org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto getParams();
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+   */
+  org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProtoOrBuilder getParamsOrBuilder();
+
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.NormalizerProto normalizer = 3;</code>
+   * @return Whether the normalizer field is set.
+   */
+  boolean hasNormalizer();
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.NormalizerProto normalizer = 3;</code>
+   * @return The normalizer.
+   */
+  org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProto getNormalizer();
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.NormalizerProto normalizer = 3;</code>
+   */
+  org.tribuo.math.protos.NormalizerProtoOrBuilder getNormalizerOrBuilder();
+
+  /**
+   * <code>double threshold = 4;</code>
+   * @return The threshold.
+   */
+  double getThreshold();
+}
diff --git a/MultiLabel/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/multilabel/sgd/protos/TribuoMultilabelSgd.java b/MultiLabel/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/multilabel/sgd/protos/TribuoMultilabelSgd.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7a3aa799b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MultiLabel/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/multilabel/sgd/protos/TribuoMultilabelSgd.java
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: tribuo-multilabel-sgd.proto
+
+package org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos;
+
+public final class TribuoMultilabelSgd {
+  private TribuoMultilabelSgd() {}
+  public static void registerAllExtensions(
+      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite registry) {
+  }
+
+  public static void registerAllExtensions(
+      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistry registry) {
+    registerAllExtensions(
+        (com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite) registry);
+  }
+  static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
+    internal_static_tribuo_multilabel_sgd_FMMultiLabelModelProto_descriptor;
+  static final 
+    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable
+      internal_static_tribuo_multilabel_sgd_FMMultiLabelModelProto_fieldAccessorTable;
+  static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
+    internal_static_tribuo_multilabel_sgd_MultiLabelLinearSGDProto_descriptor;
+  static final 
+    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable
+      internal_static_tribuo_multilabel_sgd_MultiLabelLinearSGDProto_fieldAccessorTable;
+
+  public static com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor
+      getDescriptor() {
+    return descriptor;
+  }
+  private static  com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor
+      descriptor;
+  static {
+    java.lang.String[] descriptorData = {
+      "\n\033tribuo-multilabel-sgd.proto\022\025tribuo.mu" +
+      "ltilabel.sgd\032\021tribuo-core.proto\032\021tribuo-" +
+      "math.proto\"\272\001\n\026FMMultiLabelModelProto\022-\n" +
+      "\010metadata\030\001 \001(\0132\033.tribuo.core.ModelDataP" +
+      "roto\022,\n\006params\030\002 \001(\0132\034.tribuo.math.Param" +
+      "etersProto\0220\n\nnormalizer\030\003 \001(\0132\034.tribuo." +
+      "math.NormalizerProto\022\021\n\tthreshold\030\004 \001(\001\"" +
+      "\274\001\n\030MultiLabelLinearSGDProto\022-\n\010metadata" +
+      "\030\001 \001(\0132\033.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto\022,\n\006p" +
+      "arams\030\002 \001(\0132\034.tribuo.math.ParametersProt" +
+      "o\0220\n\nnormalizer\030\003 \001(\0132\034.tribuo.math.Norm" +
+      "alizerProto\022\021\n\tthreshold\030\004 \001(\001B$\n org.tr" +
+      "ibuo.multilabel.sgd.protosP\001b\006proto3"
+    };
+    descriptor = com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor
+      .internalBuildGeneratedFileFrom(descriptorData,
+        new com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor[] {
+          org.tribuo.protos.core.TribuoCore.getDescriptor(),
+          org.tribuo.math.protos.TribuoMath.getDescriptor(),
+        });
+    internal_static_tribuo_multilabel_sgd_FMMultiLabelModelProto_descriptor =
+      getDescriptor().getMessageTypes().get(0);
+    internal_static_tribuo_multilabel_sgd_FMMultiLabelModelProto_fieldAccessorTable = new
+      com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable(
+        internal_static_tribuo_multilabel_sgd_FMMultiLabelModelProto_descriptor,
+        new java.lang.String[] { "Metadata", "Params", "Normalizer", "Threshold", });
+    internal_static_tribuo_multilabel_sgd_MultiLabelLinearSGDProto_descriptor =
+      getDescriptor().getMessageTypes().get(1);
+    internal_static_tribuo_multilabel_sgd_MultiLabelLinearSGDProto_fieldAccessorTable = new
+      com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable(
+        internal_static_tribuo_multilabel_sgd_MultiLabelLinearSGDProto_descriptor,
+        new java.lang.String[] { "Metadata", "Params", "Normalizer", "Threshold", });
+    org.tribuo.protos.core.TribuoCore.getDescriptor();
+    org.tribuo.math.protos.TribuoMath.getDescriptor();
+  }
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(outer_class_scope)
+}
diff --git a/MultiLabel/SGD/src/main/resources/protos/tribuo-multilabel-sgd.proto b/MultiLabel/SGD/src/main/resources/protos/tribuo-multilabel-sgd.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cd5998584
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MultiLabel/SGD/src/main/resources/protos/tribuo-multilabel-sgd.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+/*
+ * Protos for serializing Tribuo multi-label classification SGD classes.
+ */
+package tribuo.multilabel.sgd;
+
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+option java_package = "org.tribuo.multilabel.sgd.protos";
+
+// Import Tribuo's core protos
+import "tribuo-core.proto";
+
+// Import Tribuo's math interface protos
+import "tribuo-math.proto";
+
+/*
+FMMultiLabelModel proto
+ */
+message FMMultiLabelModelProto {
+  tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;
+  tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;
+  tribuo.math.NormalizerProto normalizer = 3;
+  double threshold = 4;
+}
+
+/*
+LinearSGDModel proto
+ */
+message MultiLabelLinearSGDProto {
+  tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;
+  tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;
+  tribuo.math.NormalizerProto normalizer = 3;
+  double threshold = 4;
+}
diff --git a/MultiLabel/SGD/src/test/java/org/tribuo/multilabel/sgd/fm/TestFMMultiLabel.java b/MultiLabel/SGD/src/test/java/org/tribuo/multilabel/sgd/fm/TestFMMultiLabel.java
index 55f90cbb6..43246426e 100644
--- a/MultiLabel/SGD/src/test/java/org/tribuo/multilabel/sgd/fm/TestFMMultiLabel.java
+++ b/MultiLabel/SGD/src/test/java/org/tribuo/multilabel/sgd/fm/TestFMMultiLabel.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2021, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -86,6 +86,7 @@ private static void testTrainer(Dataset<MultiLabel> train, Dataset<MultiLabel> t
         Assertions.assertEquals(1.0, evaluation.microAveragedRecall());
 
         Helpers.testModelSerialization(model, MultiLabel.class);
+        Helpers.testModelProtoSerialization(model, MultiLabel.class, test);
     }
 
     @Test
diff --git a/MultiLabel/SGD/src/test/java/org/tribuo/multilabel/sgd/linear/TestSGDLinear.java b/MultiLabel/SGD/src/test/java/org/tribuo/multilabel/sgd/linear/TestSGDLinear.java
index 40429f03c..798adc308 100644
--- a/MultiLabel/SGD/src/test/java/org/tribuo/multilabel/sgd/linear/TestSGDLinear.java
+++ b/MultiLabel/SGD/src/test/java/org/tribuo/multilabel/sgd/linear/TestSGDLinear.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2015-2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2015, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -86,6 +86,7 @@ private static void testTrainer(Dataset<MultiLabel> train, Dataset<MultiLabel> t
         Assertions.assertEquals(1.0, evaluation.microAveragedRecall());
 
         Helpers.testModelSerialization(model, MultiLabel.class);
+        Helpers.testModelProtoSerialization(model, MultiLabel.class, test);
     }
 
     @Test
diff --git a/Regression/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/regression/sgd/fm/FMRegressionModel.java b/Regression/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/regression/sgd/fm/FMRegressionModel.java
index 9b1eaeb4f..f9272eeb1 100644
--- a/Regression/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/regression/sgd/fm/FMRegressionModel.java
+++ b/Regression/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/regression/sgd/fm/FMRegressionModel.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2021, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 package org.tribuo.regression.sgd.fm;
 
+import com.google.protobuf.Any;
+import com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException;
 import org.tribuo.Example;
 import org.tribuo.ImmutableFeatureMap;
 import org.tribuo.ImmutableOutputInfo;
@@ -23,9 +25,13 @@
 import org.tribuo.Prediction;
 import org.tribuo.common.sgd.AbstractFMModel;
 import org.tribuo.common.sgd.FMParameters;
+import org.tribuo.impl.ModelDataCarrier;
+import org.tribuo.math.Parameters;
+import org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelProto;
 import org.tribuo.provenance.ModelProvenance;
 import org.tribuo.regression.ImmutableRegressionInfo;
 import org.tribuo.regression.Regressor;
+import org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.FMRegressionModelProto;
 import org.tribuo.util.onnx.ONNXInitializer;
 import org.tribuo.util.onnx.ONNXNode;
 import org.tribuo.util.onnx.ONNXOperators;
@@ -47,6 +53,11 @@
 public class FMRegressionModel extends AbstractFMModel<Regressor> implements ONNXExportable {
     private static final long serialVersionUID = 3L;
 
+    /**
+     * Protobuf serialization version.
+     */
+    public static final int CURRENT_VERSION = 0;
+
     private final String[] dimensionNames;
 
     private final boolean standardise;
@@ -69,6 +80,39 @@ public class FMRegressionModel extends AbstractFMModel<Regressor> implements ONN
         this.standardise = standardise;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Deserialization factory.
+     * @param version The serialized object version.
+     * @param className The class name.
+     * @param message The serialized data.
+     */
+    public static FMRegressionModel deserializeFromProto(int version, String className, Any message) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+        if (version < 0 || version > CURRENT_VERSION) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown version " + version + ", this class supports at most version " + CURRENT_VERSION);
+        }
+        FMRegressionModelProto proto = message.unpack(FMRegressionModelProto.class);
+
+        ModelDataCarrier<?> carrier = ModelDataCarrier.deserialize(proto.getMetadata());
+        if (!carrier.outputDomain().getOutput(0).getClass().equals(Regressor.class)) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Invalid protobuf, output domain is not a regression domain, found " + carrier.outputDomain().getClass());
+        }
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // guarded by getClass
+        ImmutableOutputInfo<Regressor> outputDomain = (ImmutableOutputInfo<Regressor>) carrier.outputDomain();
+
+        Parameters params = Parameters.deserialize(proto.getParams());
+        if (!(params instanceof FMParameters)) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Invalid protobuf, parameters must be FMParameters, found " + params.getClass());
+        }
+
+        String[] dimensionNames = proto.getDimensionNamesList().toArray(new String[0]);
+        if (dimensionNames.length != outputDomain.size()) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Invalid protobuf, found a different number of dimension names to the output dimensions, found " + dimensionNames.length + " , expected " + outputDomain.size());
+        }
+
+        return new FMRegressionModel(carrier.name(), dimensionNames, carrier.provenance(), carrier.featureDomain(),
+                outputDomain, (FMParameters) params, proto.getStandardise());
+    }
+
     @Override
     public Prediction<Regressor> predict(Example<Regressor> example) {
         PredAndActive predTuple = predictSingle(example);
@@ -79,6 +123,23 @@ public Prediction<Regressor> predict(Example<Regressor> example) {
         return new Prediction<>(new Regressor(dimensionNames,predictions), predTuple.numActiveFeatures, example);
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public ModelProto serialize() {
+        ModelDataCarrier<Regressor> carrier = createDataCarrier();
+        FMRegressionModelProto.Builder modelBuilder = FMRegressionModelProto.newBuilder();
+        modelBuilder.setMetadata(carrier.serialize());
+        modelBuilder.setParams(modelParameters.serialize());
+        modelBuilder.addAllDimensionNames(Arrays.asList(dimensionNames));
+        modelBuilder.setStandardise(standardise);
+
+        ModelProto.Builder builder = ModelProto.newBuilder();
+        builder.setVersion(CURRENT_VERSION);
+        builder.setClassName(FMRegressionModel.class.getName());
+        builder.setSerializedData(Any.pack(modelBuilder.build()));
+
+        return builder.build();
+    }
+
     /**
      * Converts zero mean unit variance predictions into the true range.
      * @param predictions The predictions to convert.
diff --git a/Regression/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/regression/sgd/linear/LinearSGDModel.java b/Regression/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/regression/sgd/linear/LinearSGDModel.java
index 8f32b1e80..36a87c77c 100644
--- a/Regression/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/regression/sgd/linear/LinearSGDModel.java
+++ b/Regression/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/regression/sgd/linear/LinearSGDModel.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2015-2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2015, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,16 +16,22 @@
 
 package org.tribuo.regression.sgd.linear;
 
+import com.google.protobuf.Any;
+import com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException;
 import org.tribuo.Example;
 import org.tribuo.ImmutableFeatureMap;
 import org.tribuo.ImmutableOutputInfo;
 import org.tribuo.ONNXExportable;
 import org.tribuo.Prediction;
 import org.tribuo.common.sgd.AbstractLinearSGDModel;
+import org.tribuo.impl.ModelDataCarrier;
 import org.tribuo.math.LinearParameters;
+import org.tribuo.math.Parameters;
 import org.tribuo.math.la.DenseMatrix;
+import org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelProto;
 import org.tribuo.provenance.ModelProvenance;
 import org.tribuo.regression.Regressor;
+import org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.RegressionLinearSGDProto;
 import org.tribuo.util.onnx.ONNXNode;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
@@ -46,6 +52,11 @@
 public class LinearSGDModel extends AbstractLinearSGDModel<Regressor> implements ONNXExportable {
     private static final long serialVersionUID = 3L;
 
+    /**
+     * Protobuf serialization version.
+     */
+    public static final int CURRENT_VERSION = 0;
+
     private final String[] dimensionNames;
 
     // Unused as the weights now live in AbstractSGDModel
@@ -69,12 +80,61 @@ public class LinearSGDModel extends AbstractLinearSGDModel<Regressor> implements
         this.dimensionNames = dimensionNames;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Deserialization factory.
+     * @param version The serialized object version.
+     * @param className The class name.
+     * @param message The serialized data.
+     */
+    public static LinearSGDModel deserializeFromProto(int version, String className, Any message) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+        if (version < 0 || version > CURRENT_VERSION) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown version " + version + ", this class supports at most version " + CURRENT_VERSION);
+        }
+        RegressionLinearSGDProto proto = message.unpack(RegressionLinearSGDProto.class);
+
+        ModelDataCarrier<?> carrier = ModelDataCarrier.deserialize(proto.getMetadata());
+        if (!carrier.outputDomain().getOutput(0).getClass().equals(Regressor.class)) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Invalid protobuf, output domain is not a regression domain, found " + carrier.outputDomain().getClass());
+        }
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // guarded by getClass
+        ImmutableOutputInfo<Regressor> outputDomain = (ImmutableOutputInfo<Regressor>) carrier.outputDomain();
+
+        Parameters params = Parameters.deserialize(proto.getParams());
+        if (!(params instanceof LinearParameters)) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Invalid protobuf, parameters must be LinearParameters, found " + params.getClass());
+        }
+
+        String[] dimensionNames = proto.getDimensionNamesList().toArray(new String[0]);
+        if (dimensionNames.length != outputDomain.size()) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Invalid protobuf, found a different number of dimension names to the output dimensions, found " + dimensionNames.length + " , expected " + outputDomain.size());
+        }
+
+        return new LinearSGDModel(carrier.name(), dimensionNames, carrier.provenance(), carrier.featureDomain(),
+                outputDomain, (LinearParameters) params);
+    }
+
     @Override
     public Prediction<Regressor> predict(Example<Regressor> example) {
         PredAndActive predTuple = predictSingle(example);
         return new Prediction<>(new Regressor(dimensionNames,predTuple.prediction.toArray()), predTuple.numActiveFeatures-1, example);
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public ModelProto serialize() {
+        ModelDataCarrier<Regressor> carrier = createDataCarrier();
+        RegressionLinearSGDProto.Builder modelBuilder = RegressionLinearSGDProto.newBuilder();
+        modelBuilder.setMetadata(carrier.serialize());
+        modelBuilder.setParams(modelParameters.serialize());
+        modelBuilder.addAllDimensionNames(Arrays.asList(dimensionNames));
+
+        ModelProto.Builder builder = ModelProto.newBuilder();
+        builder.setVersion(CURRENT_VERSION);
+        builder.setClassName(LinearSGDModel.class.getName());
+        builder.setSerializedData(Any.pack(modelBuilder.build()));
+
+        return builder.build();
+    }
+
     @Override
     protected LinearSGDModel copy(String newName, ModelProvenance newProvenance) {
         return new LinearSGDModel(newName,Arrays.copyOf(dimensionNames,dimensionNames.length),newProvenance,featureIDMap,outputIDInfo,(LinearParameters)modelParameters.copy());
diff --git a/Regression/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/regression/sgd/protos/FMRegressionModelProto.java b/Regression/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/regression/sgd/protos/FMRegressionModelProto.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c668085a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Regression/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/regression/sgd/protos/FMRegressionModelProto.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1063 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: tribuo-regression-sgd.proto
+
+package org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos;
+
+/**
+ * <pre>
+ *FMRegressionModel proto
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * Protobuf type {@code tribuo.regression.sgd.FMRegressionModelProto}
+ */
+public final class FMRegressionModelProto extends
+    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3 implements
+    // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_implements:tribuo.regression.sgd.FMRegressionModelProto)
+    FMRegressionModelProtoOrBuilder {
+private static final long serialVersionUID = 0L;
+  // Use FMRegressionModelProto.newBuilder() to construct.
+  private FMRegressionModelProto(com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<?> builder) {
+    super(builder);
+  }
+  private FMRegressionModelProto() {
+    dimensionNames_ = com.google.protobuf.LazyStringArrayList.EMPTY;
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  @SuppressWarnings({"unused"})
+  protected java.lang.Object newInstance(
+      UnusedPrivateParameter unused) {
+    return new FMRegressionModelProto();
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet
+  getUnknownFields() {
+    return this.unknownFields;
+  }
+  private FMRegressionModelProto(
+      com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
+      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    this();
+    if (extensionRegistry == null) {
+      throw new java.lang.NullPointerException();
+    }
+    int mutable_bitField0_ = 0;
+    com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet.Builder unknownFields =
+        com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder();
+    try {
+      boolean done = false;
+      while (!done) {
+        int tag = input.readTag();
+        switch (tag) {
+          case 0:
+            done = true;
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.Builder subBuilder = null;
+            if (metadata_ != null) {
+              subBuilder = metadata_.toBuilder();
+            }
+            metadata_ = input.readMessage(org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.parser(), extensionRegistry);
+            if (subBuilder != null) {
+              subBuilder.mergeFrom(metadata_);
+              metadata_ = subBuilder.buildPartial();
+            }
+
+            break;
+          }
+          case 18: {
+            org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.Builder subBuilder = null;
+            if (params_ != null) {
+              subBuilder = params_.toBuilder();
+            }
+            params_ = input.readMessage(org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.parser(), extensionRegistry);
+            if (subBuilder != null) {
+              subBuilder.mergeFrom(params_);
+              params_ = subBuilder.buildPartial();
+            }
+
+            break;
+          }
+          case 26: {
+            java.lang.String s = input.readStringRequireUtf8();
+            if (!((mutable_bitField0_ & 0x00000001) != 0)) {
+              dimensionNames_ = new com.google.protobuf.LazyStringArrayList();
+              mutable_bitField0_ |= 0x00000001;
+            }
+            dimensionNames_.add(s);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 32: {
+
+            standardise_ = input.readBool();
+            break;
+          }
+          default: {
+            if (!parseUnknownField(
+                input, unknownFields, extensionRegistry, tag)) {
+              done = true;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    } catch (com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      throw e.setUnfinishedMessage(this);
+    } catch (java.io.IOException e) {
+      throw new com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException(
+          e).setUnfinishedMessage(this);
+    } finally {
+      if (((mutable_bitField0_ & 0x00000001) != 0)) {
+        dimensionNames_ = dimensionNames_.getUnmodifiableView();
+      }
+      this.unknownFields = unknownFields.build();
+      makeExtensionsImmutable();
+    }
+  }
+  public static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
+      getDescriptor() {
+    return org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.TribuoRegressionSgd.internal_static_tribuo_regression_sgd_FMRegressionModelProto_descriptor;
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  protected com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable
+      internalGetFieldAccessorTable() {
+    return org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.TribuoRegressionSgd.internal_static_tribuo_regression_sgd_FMRegressionModelProto_fieldAccessorTable
+        .ensureFieldAccessorsInitialized(
+            org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.FMRegressionModelProto.class, org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.FMRegressionModelProto.Builder.class);
+  }
+
+  public static final int METADATA_FIELD_NUMBER = 1;
+  private org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto metadata_;
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+   * @return Whether the metadata field is set.
+   */
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public boolean hasMetadata() {
+    return metadata_ != null;
+  }
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+   * @return The metadata.
+   */
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto getMetadata() {
+    return metadata_ == null ? org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.getDefaultInstance() : metadata_;
+  }
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+   */
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProtoOrBuilder getMetadataOrBuilder() {
+    return getMetadata();
+  }
+
+  public static final int PARAMS_FIELD_NUMBER = 2;
+  private org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto params_;
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+   * @return Whether the params field is set.
+   */
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public boolean hasParams() {
+    return params_ != null;
+  }
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+   * @return The params.
+   */
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto getParams() {
+    return params_ == null ? org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.getDefaultInstance() : params_;
+  }
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+   */
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProtoOrBuilder getParamsOrBuilder() {
+    return getParams();
+  }
+
+  public static final int DIMENSION_NAMES_FIELD_NUMBER = 3;
+  private com.google.protobuf.LazyStringList dimensionNames_;
+  /**
+   * <code>repeated string dimension_names = 3;</code>
+   * @return A list containing the dimensionNames.
+   */
+  public com.google.protobuf.ProtocolStringList
+      getDimensionNamesList() {
+    return dimensionNames_;
+  }
+  /**
+   * <code>repeated string dimension_names = 3;</code>
+   * @return The count of dimensionNames.
+   */
+  public int getDimensionNamesCount() {
+    return dimensionNames_.size();
+  }
+  /**
+   * <code>repeated string dimension_names = 3;</code>
+   * @param index The index of the element to return.
+   * @return The dimensionNames at the given index.
+   */
+  public java.lang.String getDimensionNames(int index) {
+    return dimensionNames_.get(index);
+  }
+  /**
+   * <code>repeated string dimension_names = 3;</code>
+   * @param index The index of the value to return.
+   * @return The bytes of the dimensionNames at the given index.
+   */
+  public com.google.protobuf.ByteString
+      getDimensionNamesBytes(int index) {
+    return dimensionNames_.getByteString(index);
+  }
+
+  public static final int STANDARDISE_FIELD_NUMBER = 4;
+  private boolean standardise_;
+  /**
+   * <code>bool standardise = 4;</code>
+   * @return The standardise.
+   */
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public boolean getStandardise() {
+    return standardise_;
+  }
+
+  private byte memoizedIsInitialized = -1;
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public final boolean isInitialized() {
+    byte isInitialized = memoizedIsInitialized;
+    if (isInitialized == 1) return true;
+    if (isInitialized == 0) return false;
+
+    memoizedIsInitialized = 1;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public void writeTo(com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream output)
+                      throws java.io.IOException {
+    if (metadata_ != null) {
+      output.writeMessage(1, getMetadata());
+    }
+    if (params_ != null) {
+      output.writeMessage(2, getParams());
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < dimensionNames_.size(); i++) {
+      com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.writeString(output, 3, dimensionNames_.getRaw(i));
+    }
+    if (standardise_ != false) {
+      output.writeBool(4, standardise_);
+    }
+    unknownFields.writeTo(output);
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public int getSerializedSize() {
+    int size = memoizedSize;
+    if (size != -1) return size;
+
+    size = 0;
+    if (metadata_ != null) {
+      size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream
+        .computeMessageSize(1, getMetadata());
+    }
+    if (params_ != null) {
+      size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream
+        .computeMessageSize(2, getParams());
+    }
+    {
+      int dataSize = 0;
+      for (int i = 0; i < dimensionNames_.size(); i++) {
+        dataSize += computeStringSizeNoTag(dimensionNames_.getRaw(i));
+      }
+      size += dataSize;
+      size += 1 * getDimensionNamesList().size();
+    }
+    if (standardise_ != false) {
+      size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream
+        .computeBoolSize(4, standardise_);
+    }
+    size += unknownFields.getSerializedSize();
+    memoizedSize = size;
+    return size;
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public boolean equals(final java.lang.Object obj) {
+    if (obj == this) {
+     return true;
+    }
+    if (!(obj instanceof org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.FMRegressionModelProto)) {
+      return super.equals(obj);
+    }
+    org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.FMRegressionModelProto other = (org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.FMRegressionModelProto) obj;
+
+    if (hasMetadata() != other.hasMetadata()) return false;
+    if (hasMetadata()) {
+      if (!getMetadata()
+          .equals(other.getMetadata())) return false;
+    }
+    if (hasParams() != other.hasParams()) return false;
+    if (hasParams()) {
+      if (!getParams()
+          .equals(other.getParams())) return false;
+    }
+    if (!getDimensionNamesList()
+        .equals(other.getDimensionNamesList())) return false;
+    if (getStandardise()
+        != other.getStandardise()) return false;
+    if (!unknownFields.equals(other.unknownFields)) return false;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public int hashCode() {
+    if (memoizedHashCode != 0) {
+      return memoizedHashCode;
+    }
+    int hash = 41;
+    hash = (19 * hash) + getDescriptor().hashCode();
+    if (hasMetadata()) {
+      hash = (37 * hash) + METADATA_FIELD_NUMBER;
+      hash = (53 * hash) + getMetadata().hashCode();
+    }
+    if (hasParams()) {
+      hash = (37 * hash) + PARAMS_FIELD_NUMBER;
+      hash = (53 * hash) + getParams().hashCode();
+    }
+    if (getDimensionNamesCount() > 0) {
+      hash = (37 * hash) + DIMENSION_NAMES_FIELD_NUMBER;
+      hash = (53 * hash) + getDimensionNamesList().hashCode();
+    }
+    hash = (37 * hash) + STANDARDISE_FIELD_NUMBER;
+    hash = (53 * hash) + com.google.protobuf.Internal.hashBoolean(
+        getStandardise());
+    hash = (29 * hash) + unknownFields.hashCode();
+    memoizedHashCode = hash;
+    return hash;
+  }
+
+  public static org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.FMRegressionModelProto parseFrom(
+      java.nio.ByteBuffer data)
+      throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return PARSER.parseFrom(data);
+  }
+  public static org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.FMRegressionModelProto parseFrom(
+      java.nio.ByteBuffer data,
+      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return PARSER.parseFrom(data, extensionRegistry);
+  }
+  public static org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.FMRegressionModelProto parseFrom(
+      com.google.protobuf.ByteString data)
+      throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return PARSER.parseFrom(data);
+  }
+  public static org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.FMRegressionModelProto parseFrom(
+      com.google.protobuf.ByteString data,
+      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return PARSER.parseFrom(data, extensionRegistry);
+  }
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+      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
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+      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws java.io.IOException {
+    return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
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+      throws java.io.IOException {
+    return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
+        .parseDelimitedWithIOException(PARSER, input);
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+  public static org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.FMRegressionModelProto parseDelimitedFrom(
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+      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws java.io.IOException {
+    return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
+        .parseDelimitedWithIOException(PARSER, input, extensionRegistry);
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+  public static org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.FMRegressionModelProto parseFrom(
+      com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input)
+      throws java.io.IOException {
+    return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
+        .parseWithIOException(PARSER, input);
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+  public static org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.FMRegressionModelProto parseFrom(
+      com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
+      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws java.io.IOException {
+    return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
+        .parseWithIOException(PARSER, input, extensionRegistry);
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+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public Builder newBuilderForType() { return newBuilder(); }
+  public static Builder newBuilder() {
+    return DEFAULT_INSTANCE.toBuilder();
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+  public static Builder newBuilder(org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.FMRegressionModelProto prototype) {
+    return DEFAULT_INSTANCE.toBuilder().mergeFrom(prototype);
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+  @java.lang.Override
+  public Builder toBuilder() {
+    return this == DEFAULT_INSTANCE
+        ? new Builder() : new Builder().mergeFrom(this);
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+  @java.lang.Override
+  protected Builder newBuilderForType(
+      com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.BuilderParent parent) {
+    Builder builder = new Builder(parent);
+    return builder;
+  }
+  /**
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+   *FMRegressionModel proto
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+   *
+   * Protobuf type {@code tribuo.regression.sgd.FMRegressionModelProto}
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+  public static final class Builder extends
+      com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<Builder> implements
+      // @@protoc_insertion_point(builder_implements:tribuo.regression.sgd.FMRegressionModelProto)
+      org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.FMRegressionModelProtoOrBuilder {
+    public static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
+        getDescriptor() {
+      return org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.TribuoRegressionSgd.internal_static_tribuo_regression_sgd_FMRegressionModelProto_descriptor;
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+    }
+
+    // Construct using org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.FMRegressionModelProto.newBuilder()
+    private Builder() {
+      maybeForceBuilderInitialization();
+    }
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+    private Builder(
+        com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.BuilderParent parent) {
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+      dimensionNames_ = com.google.protobuf.LazyStringArrayList.EMPTY;
+      bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000001);
+      standardise_ = false;
+
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
+        getDescriptorForType() {
+      return org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.TribuoRegressionSgd.internal_static_tribuo_regression_sgd_FMRegressionModelProto_descriptor;
+    }
+
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.FMRegressionModelProto getDefaultInstanceForType() {
+      return org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.FMRegressionModelProto.getDefaultInstance();
+    }
+
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.FMRegressionModelProto build() {
+      org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.FMRegressionModelProto result = buildPartial();
+      if (!result.isInitialized()) {
+        throw newUninitializedMessageException(result);
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.FMRegressionModelProto buildPartial() {
+      org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.FMRegressionModelProto result = new org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.FMRegressionModelProto(this);
+      int from_bitField0_ = bitField0_;
+      if (metadataBuilder_ == null) {
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+      result.standardise_ = standardise_;
+      onBuilt();
+      return result;
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+    @java.lang.Override
+    public Builder clone() {
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+    @java.lang.Override
+    public Builder setField(
+        com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field,
+        java.lang.Object value) {
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+    @java.lang.Override
+    public Builder clearField(
+        com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field) {
+      return super.clearField(field);
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+    @java.lang.Override
+    public Builder clearOneof(
+        com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.OneofDescriptor oneof) {
+      return super.clearOneof(oneof);
+    }
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public Builder setRepeatedField(
+        com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field,
+        int index, java.lang.Object value) {
+      return super.setRepeatedField(field, index, value);
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+    @java.lang.Override
+    public Builder addRepeatedField(
+        com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field,
+        java.lang.Object value) {
+      return super.addRepeatedField(field, value);
+    }
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public Builder mergeFrom(com.google.protobuf.Message other) {
+      if (other instanceof org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.FMRegressionModelProto) {
+        return mergeFrom((org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.FMRegressionModelProto)other);
+      } else {
+        super.mergeFrom(other);
+        return this;
+      }
+    }
+
+    public Builder mergeFrom(org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.FMRegressionModelProto other) {
+      if (other == org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.FMRegressionModelProto.getDefaultInstance()) return this;
+      if (other.hasMetadata()) {
+        mergeMetadata(other.getMetadata());
+      }
+      if (other.hasParams()) {
+        mergeParams(other.getParams());
+      }
+      if (!other.dimensionNames_.isEmpty()) {
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+        }
+        onChanged();
+      }
+      if (other.getStandardise() != false) {
+        setStandardise(other.getStandardise());
+      }
+      this.mergeUnknownFields(other.unknownFields);
+      onChanged();
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public final boolean isInitialized() {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public Builder mergeFrom(
+        com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
+        com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws java.io.IOException {
+      org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.FMRegressionModelProto parsedMessage = null;
+      try {
+        parsedMessage = PARSER.parsePartialFrom(input, extensionRegistry);
+      } catch (com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+        parsedMessage = (org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.FMRegressionModelProto) e.getUnfinishedMessage();
+        throw e.unwrapIOException();
+      } finally {
+        if (parsedMessage != null) {
+          mergeFrom(parsedMessage);
+        }
+      }
+      return this;
+    }
+    private int bitField0_;
+
+    private org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto metadata_;
+    private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<
+        org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto, org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.Builder, org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProtoOrBuilder> metadataBuilder_;
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+     * @return Whether the metadata field is set.
+     */
+    public boolean hasMetadata() {
+      return metadataBuilder_ != null || metadata_ != null;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+     * @return The metadata.
+     */
+    public org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto getMetadata() {
+      if (metadataBuilder_ == null) {
+        return metadata_ == null ? org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.getDefaultInstance() : metadata_;
+      } else {
+        return metadataBuilder_.getMessage();
+      }
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder setMetadata(org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto value) {
+      if (metadataBuilder_ == null) {
+        if (value == null) {
+          throw new NullPointerException();
+        }
+        metadata_ = value;
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        metadataBuilder_.setMessage(value);
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder setMetadata(
+        org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.Builder builderForValue) {
+      if (metadataBuilder_ == null) {
+        metadata_ = builderForValue.build();
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        metadataBuilder_.setMessage(builderForValue.build());
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder mergeMetadata(org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto value) {
+      if (metadataBuilder_ == null) {
+        if (metadata_ != null) {
+          metadata_ =
+            org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.newBuilder(metadata_).mergeFrom(value).buildPartial();
+        } else {
+          metadata_ = value;
+        }
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        metadataBuilder_.mergeFrom(value);
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder clearMetadata() {
+      if (metadataBuilder_ == null) {
+        metadata_ = null;
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        metadata_ = null;
+        metadataBuilder_ = null;
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+     */
+    public org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.Builder getMetadataBuilder() {
+      
+      onChanged();
+      return getMetadataFieldBuilder().getBuilder();
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+     */
+    public org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProtoOrBuilder getMetadataOrBuilder() {
+      if (metadataBuilder_ != null) {
+        return metadataBuilder_.getMessageOrBuilder();
+      } else {
+        return metadata_ == null ?
+            org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.getDefaultInstance() : metadata_;
+      }
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+     */
+    private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<
+        org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto, org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.Builder, org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProtoOrBuilder> 
+        getMetadataFieldBuilder() {
+      if (metadataBuilder_ == null) {
+        metadataBuilder_ = new com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<
+            org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto, org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.Builder, org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProtoOrBuilder>(
+                getMetadata(),
+                getParentForChildren(),
+                isClean());
+        metadata_ = null;
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+      return metadataBuilder_;
+    }
+
+    private org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto params_;
+    private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<
+        org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto, org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.Builder, org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProtoOrBuilder> paramsBuilder_;
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+     * @return Whether the params field is set.
+     */
+    public boolean hasParams() {
+      return paramsBuilder_ != null || params_ != null;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+     * @return The params.
+     */
+    public org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto getParams() {
+      if (paramsBuilder_ == null) {
+        return params_ == null ? org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.getDefaultInstance() : params_;
+      } else {
+        return paramsBuilder_.getMessage();
+      }
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder setParams(org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto value) {
+      if (paramsBuilder_ == null) {
+        if (value == null) {
+          throw new NullPointerException();
+        }
+        params_ = value;
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        paramsBuilder_.setMessage(value);
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder setParams(
+        org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.Builder builderForValue) {
+      if (paramsBuilder_ == null) {
+        params_ = builderForValue.build();
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        paramsBuilder_.setMessage(builderForValue.build());
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder mergeParams(org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto value) {
+      if (paramsBuilder_ == null) {
+        if (params_ != null) {
+          params_ =
+            org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.newBuilder(params_).mergeFrom(value).buildPartial();
+        } else {
+          params_ = value;
+        }
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        paramsBuilder_.mergeFrom(value);
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder clearParams() {
+      if (paramsBuilder_ == null) {
+        params_ = null;
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        params_ = null;
+        paramsBuilder_ = null;
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+     */
+    public org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.Builder getParamsBuilder() {
+      
+      onChanged();
+      return getParamsFieldBuilder().getBuilder();
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+     */
+    public org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProtoOrBuilder getParamsOrBuilder() {
+      if (paramsBuilder_ != null) {
+        return paramsBuilder_.getMessageOrBuilder();
+      } else {
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+      }
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+     */
+    private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<
+        org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto, org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.Builder, org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProtoOrBuilder> 
+        getParamsFieldBuilder() {
+      if (paramsBuilder_ == null) {
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+            org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto, org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.Builder, org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProtoOrBuilder>(
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+                isClean());
+        params_ = null;
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+      return paramsBuilder_;
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+    private com.google.protobuf.LazyStringList dimensionNames_ = com.google.protobuf.LazyStringArrayList.EMPTY;
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+  ensureDimensionNamesIsMutable();
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+      return this;
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+    private boolean standardise_ ;
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+    public boolean getStandardise() {
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+    /**
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+     * @param value The standardise to set.
+     * @return This builder for chaining.
+     */
+    public Builder setStandardise(boolean value) {
+      
+      standardise_ = value;
+      onChanged();
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>bool standardise = 4;</code>
+     * @return This builder for chaining.
+     */
+    public Builder clearStandardise() {
+      
+      standardise_ = false;
+      onChanged();
+      return this;
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+    @java.lang.Override
+    public final Builder setUnknownFields(
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+    @java.lang.Override
+    public final Builder mergeUnknownFields(
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+      return super.mergeUnknownFields(unknownFields);
+    }
+
+
+    // @@protoc_insertion_point(builder_scope:tribuo.regression.sgd.FMRegressionModelProto)
+  }
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:tribuo.regression.sgd.FMRegressionModelProto)
+  private static final org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.FMRegressionModelProto DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
+  static {
+    DEFAULT_INSTANCE = new org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.FMRegressionModelProto();
+  }
+
+  public static org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.FMRegressionModelProto getDefaultInstance() {
+    return DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
+  }
+
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+    @java.lang.Override
+    public FMRegressionModelProto parsePartialFrom(
+        com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
+        com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      return new FMRegressionModelProto(input, extensionRegistry);
+    }
+  };
+
+  public static com.google.protobuf.Parser<FMRegressionModelProto> parser() {
+    return PARSER;
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public com.google.protobuf.Parser<FMRegressionModelProto> getParserForType() {
+    return PARSER;
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.FMRegressionModelProto getDefaultInstanceForType() {
+    return DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
+  }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/Regression/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/regression/sgd/protos/FMRegressionModelProtoOrBuilder.java b/Regression/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/regression/sgd/protos/FMRegressionModelProtoOrBuilder.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f174468f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Regression/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/regression/sgd/protos/FMRegressionModelProtoOrBuilder.java
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: tribuo-regression-sgd.proto
+
+package org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos;
+
+public interface FMRegressionModelProtoOrBuilder extends
+    // @@protoc_insertion_point(interface_extends:tribuo.regression.sgd.FMRegressionModelProto)
+    com.google.protobuf.MessageOrBuilder {
+
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+   * @return Whether the metadata field is set.
+   */
+  boolean hasMetadata();
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+   * @return The metadata.
+   */
+  org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto getMetadata();
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+   */
+  org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProtoOrBuilder getMetadataOrBuilder();
+
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+   * @return Whether the params field is set.
+   */
+  boolean hasParams();
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+   * @return The params.
+   */
+  org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto getParams();
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+   */
+  org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProtoOrBuilder getParamsOrBuilder();
+
+  /**
+   * <code>repeated string dimension_names = 3;</code>
+   * @return A list containing the dimensionNames.
+   */
+  java.util.List<java.lang.String>
+      getDimensionNamesList();
+  /**
+   * <code>repeated string dimension_names = 3;</code>
+   * @return The count of dimensionNames.
+   */
+  int getDimensionNamesCount();
+  /**
+   * <code>repeated string dimension_names = 3;</code>
+   * @param index The index of the element to return.
+   * @return The dimensionNames at the given index.
+   */
+  java.lang.String getDimensionNames(int index);
+  /**
+   * <code>repeated string dimension_names = 3;</code>
+   * @param index The index of the value to return.
+   * @return The bytes of the dimensionNames at the given index.
+   */
+  com.google.protobuf.ByteString
+      getDimensionNamesBytes(int index);
+
+  /**
+   * <code>bool standardise = 4;</code>
+   * @return The standardise.
+   */
+  boolean getStandardise();
+}
diff --git a/Regression/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/regression/sgd/protos/RegressionLinearSGDProto.java b/Regression/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/regression/sgd/protos/RegressionLinearSGDProto.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c3d5e6c3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Regression/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/regression/sgd/protos/RegressionLinearSGDProto.java
@@ -0,0 +1,998 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: tribuo-regression-sgd.proto
+
+package org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos;
+
+/**
+ * <pre>
+ *LinearSGDModel proto
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * Protobuf type {@code tribuo.regression.sgd.RegressionLinearSGDProto}
+ */
+public final class RegressionLinearSGDProto extends
+    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3 implements
+    // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_implements:tribuo.regression.sgd.RegressionLinearSGDProto)
+    RegressionLinearSGDProtoOrBuilder {
+private static final long serialVersionUID = 0L;
+  // Use RegressionLinearSGDProto.newBuilder() to construct.
+  private RegressionLinearSGDProto(com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<?> builder) {
+    super(builder);
+  }
+  private RegressionLinearSGDProto() {
+    dimensionNames_ = com.google.protobuf.LazyStringArrayList.EMPTY;
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  @SuppressWarnings({"unused"})
+  protected java.lang.Object newInstance(
+      UnusedPrivateParameter unused) {
+    return new RegressionLinearSGDProto();
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet
+  getUnknownFields() {
+    return this.unknownFields;
+  }
+  private RegressionLinearSGDProto(
+      com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
+      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    this();
+    if (extensionRegistry == null) {
+      throw new java.lang.NullPointerException();
+    }
+    int mutable_bitField0_ = 0;
+    com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet.Builder unknownFields =
+        com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder();
+    try {
+      boolean done = false;
+      while (!done) {
+        int tag = input.readTag();
+        switch (tag) {
+          case 0:
+            done = true;
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.Builder subBuilder = null;
+            if (metadata_ != null) {
+              subBuilder = metadata_.toBuilder();
+            }
+            metadata_ = input.readMessage(org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.parser(), extensionRegistry);
+            if (subBuilder != null) {
+              subBuilder.mergeFrom(metadata_);
+              metadata_ = subBuilder.buildPartial();
+            }
+
+            break;
+          }
+          case 18: {
+            org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.Builder subBuilder = null;
+            if (params_ != null) {
+              subBuilder = params_.toBuilder();
+            }
+            params_ = input.readMessage(org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.parser(), extensionRegistry);
+            if (subBuilder != null) {
+              subBuilder.mergeFrom(params_);
+              params_ = subBuilder.buildPartial();
+            }
+
+            break;
+          }
+          case 26: {
+            java.lang.String s = input.readStringRequireUtf8();
+            if (!((mutable_bitField0_ & 0x00000001) != 0)) {
+              dimensionNames_ = new com.google.protobuf.LazyStringArrayList();
+              mutable_bitField0_ |= 0x00000001;
+            }
+            dimensionNames_.add(s);
+            break;
+          }
+          default: {
+            if (!parseUnknownField(
+                input, unknownFields, extensionRegistry, tag)) {
+              done = true;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    } catch (com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      throw e.setUnfinishedMessage(this);
+    } catch (java.io.IOException e) {
+      throw new com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException(
+          e).setUnfinishedMessage(this);
+    } finally {
+      if (((mutable_bitField0_ & 0x00000001) != 0)) {
+        dimensionNames_ = dimensionNames_.getUnmodifiableView();
+      }
+      this.unknownFields = unknownFields.build();
+      makeExtensionsImmutable();
+    }
+  }
+  public static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
+      getDescriptor() {
+    return org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.TribuoRegressionSgd.internal_static_tribuo_regression_sgd_RegressionLinearSGDProto_descriptor;
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  protected com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable
+      internalGetFieldAccessorTable() {
+    return org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.TribuoRegressionSgd.internal_static_tribuo_regression_sgd_RegressionLinearSGDProto_fieldAccessorTable
+        .ensureFieldAccessorsInitialized(
+            org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.RegressionLinearSGDProto.class, org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.RegressionLinearSGDProto.Builder.class);
+  }
+
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+  private org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto metadata_;
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+   * @return Whether the metadata field is set.
+   */
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public boolean hasMetadata() {
+    return metadata_ != null;
+  }
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+   * @return The metadata.
+   */
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto getMetadata() {
+    return metadata_ == null ? org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.getDefaultInstance() : metadata_;
+  }
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+   */
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProtoOrBuilder getMetadataOrBuilder() {
+    return getMetadata();
+  }
+
+  public static final int PARAMS_FIELD_NUMBER = 2;
+  private org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto params_;
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+   * @return Whether the params field is set.
+   */
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public boolean hasParams() {
+    return params_ != null;
+  }
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+   * @return The params.
+   */
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto getParams() {
+    return params_ == null ? org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.getDefaultInstance() : params_;
+  }
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+   */
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProtoOrBuilder getParamsOrBuilder() {
+    return getParams();
+  }
+
+  public static final int DIMENSION_NAMES_FIELD_NUMBER = 3;
+  private com.google.protobuf.LazyStringList dimensionNames_;
+  /**
+   * <code>repeated string dimension_names = 3;</code>
+   * @return A list containing the dimensionNames.
+   */
+  public com.google.protobuf.ProtocolStringList
+      getDimensionNamesList() {
+    return dimensionNames_;
+  }
+  /**
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+   * @return The count of dimensionNames.
+   */
+  public int getDimensionNamesCount() {
+    return dimensionNames_.size();
+  }
+  /**
+   * <code>repeated string dimension_names = 3;</code>
+   * @param index The index of the element to return.
+   * @return The dimensionNames at the given index.
+   */
+  public java.lang.String getDimensionNames(int index) {
+    return dimensionNames_.get(index);
+  }
+  /**
+   * <code>repeated string dimension_names = 3;</code>
+   * @param index The index of the value to return.
+   * @return The bytes of the dimensionNames at the given index.
+   */
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+  }
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+  @java.lang.Override
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+    if (isInitialized == 1) return true;
+    if (isInitialized == 0) return false;
+
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+  public void writeTo(com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream output)
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+    if (metadata_ != null) {
+      output.writeMessage(1, getMetadata());
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+    if (params_ != null) {
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+      com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.writeString(output, 3, dimensionNames_.getRaw(i));
+    }
+    unknownFields.writeTo(output);
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public int getSerializedSize() {
+    int size = memoizedSize;
+    if (size != -1) return size;
+
+    size = 0;
+    if (metadata_ != null) {
+      size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream
+        .computeMessageSize(1, getMetadata());
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+    if (params_ != null) {
+      size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream
+        .computeMessageSize(2, getParams());
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+    {
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+      size += dataSize;
+      size += 1 * getDimensionNamesList().size();
+    }
+    size += unknownFields.getSerializedSize();
+    memoizedSize = size;
+    return size;
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public boolean equals(final java.lang.Object obj) {
+    if (obj == this) {
+     return true;
+    }
+    if (!(obj instanceof org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.RegressionLinearSGDProto)) {
+      return super.equals(obj);
+    }
+    org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.RegressionLinearSGDProto other = (org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.RegressionLinearSGDProto) obj;
+
+    if (hasMetadata() != other.hasMetadata()) return false;
+    if (hasMetadata()) {
+      if (!getMetadata()
+          .equals(other.getMetadata())) return false;
+    }
+    if (hasParams() != other.hasParams()) return false;
+    if (hasParams()) {
+      if (!getParams()
+          .equals(other.getParams())) return false;
+    }
+    if (!getDimensionNamesList()
+        .equals(other.getDimensionNamesList())) return false;
+    if (!unknownFields.equals(other.unknownFields)) return false;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public int hashCode() {
+    if (memoizedHashCode != 0) {
+      return memoizedHashCode;
+    }
+    int hash = 41;
+    hash = (19 * hash) + getDescriptor().hashCode();
+    if (hasMetadata()) {
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+      hash = (53 * hash) + getMetadata().hashCode();
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+    memoizedHashCode = hash;
+    return hash;
+  }
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+  public static org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.RegressionLinearSGDProto parseFrom(
+      java.nio.ByteBuffer data)
+      throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return PARSER.parseFrom(data);
+  }
+  public static org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.RegressionLinearSGDProto parseFrom(
+      java.nio.ByteBuffer data,
+      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return PARSER.parseFrom(data, extensionRegistry);
+  }
+  public static org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.RegressionLinearSGDProto parseFrom(
+      com.google.protobuf.ByteString data)
+      throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return PARSER.parseFrom(data);
+  }
+  public static org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.RegressionLinearSGDProto parseFrom(
+      com.google.protobuf.ByteString data,
+      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return PARSER.parseFrom(data, extensionRegistry);
+  }
+  public static org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.RegressionLinearSGDProto parseFrom(byte[] data)
+      throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return PARSER.parseFrom(data);
+  }
+  public static org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.RegressionLinearSGDProto parseFrom(
+      byte[] data,
+      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return PARSER.parseFrom(data, extensionRegistry);
+  }
+  public static org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.RegressionLinearSGDProto parseFrom(java.io.InputStream input)
+      throws java.io.IOException {
+    return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
+        .parseWithIOException(PARSER, input);
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+  public static org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.RegressionLinearSGDProto parseFrom(
+      java.io.InputStream input,
+      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws java.io.IOException {
+    return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
+        .parseWithIOException(PARSER, input, extensionRegistry);
+  }
+  public static org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.RegressionLinearSGDProto parseDelimitedFrom(java.io.InputStream input)
+      throws java.io.IOException {
+    return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
+        .parseDelimitedWithIOException(PARSER, input);
+  }
+  public static org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.RegressionLinearSGDProto parseDelimitedFrom(
+      java.io.InputStream input,
+      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws java.io.IOException {
+    return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
+        .parseDelimitedWithIOException(PARSER, input, extensionRegistry);
+  }
+  public static org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.RegressionLinearSGDProto parseFrom(
+      com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input)
+      throws java.io.IOException {
+    return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
+        .parseWithIOException(PARSER, input);
+  }
+  public static org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.RegressionLinearSGDProto parseFrom(
+      com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
+      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws java.io.IOException {
+    return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
+        .parseWithIOException(PARSER, input, extensionRegistry);
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public Builder newBuilderForType() { return newBuilder(); }
+  public static Builder newBuilder() {
+    return DEFAULT_INSTANCE.toBuilder();
+  }
+  public static Builder newBuilder(org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.RegressionLinearSGDProto prototype) {
+    return DEFAULT_INSTANCE.toBuilder().mergeFrom(prototype);
+  }
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public Builder toBuilder() {
+    return this == DEFAULT_INSTANCE
+        ? new Builder() : new Builder().mergeFrom(this);
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  protected Builder newBuilderForType(
+      com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.BuilderParent parent) {
+    Builder builder = new Builder(parent);
+    return builder;
+  }
+  /**
+   * <pre>
+   *LinearSGDModel proto
+   * </pre>
+   *
+   * Protobuf type {@code tribuo.regression.sgd.RegressionLinearSGDProto}
+   */
+  public static final class Builder extends
+      com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<Builder> implements
+      // @@protoc_insertion_point(builder_implements:tribuo.regression.sgd.RegressionLinearSGDProto)
+      org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.RegressionLinearSGDProtoOrBuilder {
+    public static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
+        getDescriptor() {
+      return org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.TribuoRegressionSgd.internal_static_tribuo_regression_sgd_RegressionLinearSGDProto_descriptor;
+    }
+
+    @java.lang.Override
+    protected com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable
+        internalGetFieldAccessorTable() {
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+    }
+
+    // Construct using org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.RegressionLinearSGDProto.newBuilder()
+    private Builder() {
+      maybeForceBuilderInitialization();
+    }
+
+    private Builder(
+        com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.BuilderParent parent) {
+      super(parent);
+      maybeForceBuilderInitialization();
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+    @java.lang.Override
+    public com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
+        getDescriptorForType() {
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+    }
+
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.RegressionLinearSGDProto getDefaultInstanceForType() {
+      return org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.RegressionLinearSGDProto.getDefaultInstance();
+    }
+
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.RegressionLinearSGDProto build() {
+      org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.RegressionLinearSGDProto result = buildPartial();
+      if (!result.isInitialized()) {
+        throw newUninitializedMessageException(result);
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.RegressionLinearSGDProto buildPartial() {
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+      int from_bitField0_ = bitField0_;
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+    @java.lang.Override
+    public Builder mergeFrom(com.google.protobuf.Message other) {
+      if (other instanceof org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.RegressionLinearSGDProto) {
+        return mergeFrom((org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.RegressionLinearSGDProto)other);
+      } else {
+        super.mergeFrom(other);
+        return this;
+      }
+    }
+
+    public Builder mergeFrom(org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.RegressionLinearSGDProto other) {
+      if (other == org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.RegressionLinearSGDProto.getDefaultInstance()) return this;
+      if (other.hasMetadata()) {
+        mergeMetadata(other.getMetadata());
+      }
+      if (other.hasParams()) {
+        mergeParams(other.getParams());
+      }
+      if (!other.dimensionNames_.isEmpty()) {
+        if (dimensionNames_.isEmpty()) {
+          dimensionNames_ = other.dimensionNames_;
+          bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000001);
+        } else {
+          ensureDimensionNamesIsMutable();
+          dimensionNames_.addAll(other.dimensionNames_);
+        }
+        onChanged();
+      }
+      this.mergeUnknownFields(other.unknownFields);
+      onChanged();
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public final boolean isInitialized() {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public Builder mergeFrom(
+        com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
+        com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws java.io.IOException {
+      org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.RegressionLinearSGDProto parsedMessage = null;
+      try {
+        parsedMessage = PARSER.parsePartialFrom(input, extensionRegistry);
+      } catch (com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+        parsedMessage = (org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.RegressionLinearSGDProto) e.getUnfinishedMessage();
+        throw e.unwrapIOException();
+      } finally {
+        if (parsedMessage != null) {
+          mergeFrom(parsedMessage);
+        }
+      }
+      return this;
+    }
+    private int bitField0_;
+
+    private org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto metadata_;
+    private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<
+        org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto, org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.Builder, org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProtoOrBuilder> metadataBuilder_;
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+     * @return Whether the metadata field is set.
+     */
+    public boolean hasMetadata() {
+      return metadataBuilder_ != null || metadata_ != null;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+     * @return The metadata.
+     */
+    public org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto getMetadata() {
+      if (metadataBuilder_ == null) {
+        return metadata_ == null ? org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.getDefaultInstance() : metadata_;
+      } else {
+        return metadataBuilder_.getMessage();
+      }
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder setMetadata(org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto value) {
+      if (metadataBuilder_ == null) {
+        if (value == null) {
+          throw new NullPointerException();
+        }
+        metadata_ = value;
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        metadataBuilder_.setMessage(value);
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder setMetadata(
+        org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.Builder builderForValue) {
+      if (metadataBuilder_ == null) {
+        metadata_ = builderForValue.build();
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        metadataBuilder_.setMessage(builderForValue.build());
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder mergeMetadata(org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto value) {
+      if (metadataBuilder_ == null) {
+        if (metadata_ != null) {
+          metadata_ =
+            org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.newBuilder(metadata_).mergeFrom(value).buildPartial();
+        } else {
+          metadata_ = value;
+        }
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        metadataBuilder_.mergeFrom(value);
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder clearMetadata() {
+      if (metadataBuilder_ == null) {
+        metadata_ = null;
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        metadata_ = null;
+        metadataBuilder_ = null;
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+     */
+    public org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.Builder getMetadataBuilder() {
+      
+      onChanged();
+      return getMetadataFieldBuilder().getBuilder();
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+     */
+    public org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProtoOrBuilder getMetadataOrBuilder() {
+      if (metadataBuilder_ != null) {
+        return metadataBuilder_.getMessageOrBuilder();
+      } else {
+        return metadata_ == null ?
+            org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.getDefaultInstance() : metadata_;
+      }
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+     */
+    private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<
+        org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto, org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.Builder, org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProtoOrBuilder> 
+        getMetadataFieldBuilder() {
+      if (metadataBuilder_ == null) {
+        metadataBuilder_ = new com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<
+            org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto, org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto.Builder, org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProtoOrBuilder>(
+                getMetadata(),
+                getParentForChildren(),
+                isClean());
+        metadata_ = null;
+      }
+      return metadataBuilder_;
+    }
+
+    private org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto params_;
+    private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<
+        org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto, org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.Builder, org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProtoOrBuilder> paramsBuilder_;
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+     * @return Whether the params field is set.
+     */
+    public boolean hasParams() {
+      return paramsBuilder_ != null || params_ != null;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+     * @return The params.
+     */
+    public org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto getParams() {
+      if (paramsBuilder_ == null) {
+        return params_ == null ? org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.getDefaultInstance() : params_;
+      } else {
+        return paramsBuilder_.getMessage();
+      }
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder setParams(org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto value) {
+      if (paramsBuilder_ == null) {
+        if (value == null) {
+          throw new NullPointerException();
+        }
+        params_ = value;
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        paramsBuilder_.setMessage(value);
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder setParams(
+        org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.Builder builderForValue) {
+      if (paramsBuilder_ == null) {
+        params_ = builderForValue.build();
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        paramsBuilder_.setMessage(builderForValue.build());
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder mergeParams(org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto value) {
+      if (paramsBuilder_ == null) {
+        if (params_ != null) {
+          params_ =
+            org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.newBuilder(params_).mergeFrom(value).buildPartial();
+        } else {
+          params_ = value;
+        }
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        paramsBuilder_.mergeFrom(value);
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+     */
+    public Builder clearParams() {
+      if (paramsBuilder_ == null) {
+        params_ = null;
+        onChanged();
+      } else {
+        params_ = null;
+        paramsBuilder_ = null;
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+     */
+    public org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.Builder getParamsBuilder() {
+      
+      onChanged();
+      return getParamsFieldBuilder().getBuilder();
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+     */
+    public org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProtoOrBuilder getParamsOrBuilder() {
+      if (paramsBuilder_ != null) {
+        return paramsBuilder_.getMessageOrBuilder();
+      } else {
+        return params_ == null ?
+            org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.getDefaultInstance() : params_;
+      }
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+     */
+    private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<
+        org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto, org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.Builder, org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProtoOrBuilder> 
+        getParamsFieldBuilder() {
+      if (paramsBuilder_ == null) {
+        paramsBuilder_ = new com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<
+            org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto, org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto.Builder, org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProtoOrBuilder>(
+                getParams(),
+                getParentForChildren(),
+                isClean());
+        params_ = null;
+      }
+      return paramsBuilder_;
+    }
+
+    private com.google.protobuf.LazyStringList dimensionNames_ = com.google.protobuf.LazyStringArrayList.EMPTY;
+    private void ensureDimensionNamesIsMutable() {
+      if (!((bitField0_ & 0x00000001) != 0)) {
+        dimensionNames_ = new com.google.protobuf.LazyStringArrayList(dimensionNames_);
+        bitField0_ |= 0x00000001;
+       }
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>repeated string dimension_names = 3;</code>
+     * @return A list containing the dimensionNames.
+     */
+    public com.google.protobuf.ProtocolStringList
+        getDimensionNamesList() {
+      return dimensionNames_.getUnmodifiableView();
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>repeated string dimension_names = 3;</code>
+     * @return The count of dimensionNames.
+     */
+    public int getDimensionNamesCount() {
+      return dimensionNames_.size();
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>repeated string dimension_names = 3;</code>
+     * @param index The index of the element to return.
+     * @return The dimensionNames at the given index.
+     */
+    public java.lang.String getDimensionNames(int index) {
+      return dimensionNames_.get(index);
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>repeated string dimension_names = 3;</code>
+     * @param index The index of the value to return.
+     * @return The bytes of the dimensionNames at the given index.
+     */
+    public com.google.protobuf.ByteString
+        getDimensionNamesBytes(int index) {
+      return dimensionNames_.getByteString(index);
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>repeated string dimension_names = 3;</code>
+     * @param index The index to set the value at.
+     * @param value The dimensionNames to set.
+     * @return This builder for chaining.
+     */
+    public Builder setDimensionNames(
+        int index, java.lang.String value) {
+      if (value == null) {
+    throw new NullPointerException();
+  }
+  ensureDimensionNamesIsMutable();
+      dimensionNames_.set(index, value);
+      onChanged();
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>repeated string dimension_names = 3;</code>
+     * @param value The dimensionNames to add.
+     * @return This builder for chaining.
+     */
+    public Builder addDimensionNames(
+        java.lang.String value) {
+      if (value == null) {
+    throw new NullPointerException();
+  }
+  ensureDimensionNamesIsMutable();
+      dimensionNames_.add(value);
+      onChanged();
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>repeated string dimension_names = 3;</code>
+     * @param values The dimensionNames to add.
+     * @return This builder for chaining.
+     */
+    public Builder addAllDimensionNames(
+        java.lang.Iterable<java.lang.String> values) {
+      ensureDimensionNamesIsMutable();
+      com.google.protobuf.AbstractMessageLite.Builder.addAll(
+          values, dimensionNames_);
+      onChanged();
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>repeated string dimension_names = 3;</code>
+     * @return This builder for chaining.
+     */
+    public Builder clearDimensionNames() {
+      dimensionNames_ = com.google.protobuf.LazyStringArrayList.EMPTY;
+      bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000001);
+      onChanged();
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>repeated string dimension_names = 3;</code>
+     * @param value The bytes of the dimensionNames to add.
+     * @return This builder for chaining.
+     */
+    public Builder addDimensionNamesBytes(
+        com.google.protobuf.ByteString value) {
+      if (value == null) {
+    throw new NullPointerException();
+  }
+  checkByteStringIsUtf8(value);
+      ensureDimensionNamesIsMutable();
+      dimensionNames_.add(value);
+      onChanged();
+      return this;
+    }
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public final Builder setUnknownFields(
+        final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {
+      return super.setUnknownFields(unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public final Builder mergeUnknownFields(
+        final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {
+      return super.mergeUnknownFields(unknownFields);
+    }
+
+
+    // @@protoc_insertion_point(builder_scope:tribuo.regression.sgd.RegressionLinearSGDProto)
+  }
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:tribuo.regression.sgd.RegressionLinearSGDProto)
+  private static final org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.RegressionLinearSGDProto DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
+  static {
+    DEFAULT_INSTANCE = new org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.RegressionLinearSGDProto();
+  }
+
+  public static org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.RegressionLinearSGDProto getDefaultInstance() {
+    return DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
+  }
+
+  private static final com.google.protobuf.Parser<RegressionLinearSGDProto>
+      PARSER = new com.google.protobuf.AbstractParser<RegressionLinearSGDProto>() {
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public RegressionLinearSGDProto parsePartialFrom(
+        com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
+        com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      return new RegressionLinearSGDProto(input, extensionRegistry);
+    }
+  };
+
+  public static com.google.protobuf.Parser<RegressionLinearSGDProto> parser() {
+    return PARSER;
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public com.google.protobuf.Parser<RegressionLinearSGDProto> getParserForType() {
+    return PARSER;
+  }
+
+  @java.lang.Override
+  public org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos.RegressionLinearSGDProto getDefaultInstanceForType() {
+    return DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
+  }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/Regression/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/regression/sgd/protos/RegressionLinearSGDProtoOrBuilder.java b/Regression/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/regression/sgd/protos/RegressionLinearSGDProtoOrBuilder.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..13bd0e707
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Regression/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/regression/sgd/protos/RegressionLinearSGDProtoOrBuilder.java
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: tribuo-regression-sgd.proto
+
+package org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos;
+
+public interface RegressionLinearSGDProtoOrBuilder extends
+    // @@protoc_insertion_point(interface_extends:tribuo.regression.sgd.RegressionLinearSGDProto)
+    com.google.protobuf.MessageOrBuilder {
+
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+   * @return Whether the metadata field is set.
+   */
+  boolean hasMetadata();
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+   * @return The metadata.
+   */
+  org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProto getMetadata();
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;</code>
+   */
+  org.tribuo.protos.core.ModelDataProtoOrBuilder getMetadataOrBuilder();
+
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+   * @return Whether the params field is set.
+   */
+  boolean hasParams();
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+   * @return The params.
+   */
+  org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProto getParams();
+  /**
+   * <code>.tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;</code>
+   */
+  org.tribuo.math.protos.ParametersProtoOrBuilder getParamsOrBuilder();
+
+  /**
+   * <code>repeated string dimension_names = 3;</code>
+   * @return A list containing the dimensionNames.
+   */
+  java.util.List<java.lang.String>
+      getDimensionNamesList();
+  /**
+   * <code>repeated string dimension_names = 3;</code>
+   * @return The count of dimensionNames.
+   */
+  int getDimensionNamesCount();
+  /**
+   * <code>repeated string dimension_names = 3;</code>
+   * @param index The index of the element to return.
+   * @return The dimensionNames at the given index.
+   */
+  java.lang.String getDimensionNames(int index);
+  /**
+   * <code>repeated string dimension_names = 3;</code>
+   * @param index The index of the value to return.
+   * @return The bytes of the dimensionNames at the given index.
+   */
+  com.google.protobuf.ByteString
+      getDimensionNamesBytes(int index);
+}
diff --git a/Regression/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/regression/sgd/protos/TribuoRegressionSgd.java b/Regression/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/regression/sgd/protos/TribuoRegressionSgd.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..42dc10dec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Regression/SGD/src/main/java/org/tribuo/regression/sgd/protos/TribuoRegressionSgd.java
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: tribuo-regression-sgd.proto
+
+package org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos;
+
+public final class TribuoRegressionSgd {
+  private TribuoRegressionSgd() {}
+  public static void registerAllExtensions(
+      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite registry) {
+  }
+
+  public static void registerAllExtensions(
+      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistry registry) {
+    registerAllExtensions(
+        (com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite) registry);
+  }
+  static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
+    internal_static_tribuo_regression_sgd_FMRegressionModelProto_descriptor;
+  static final 
+    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable
+      internal_static_tribuo_regression_sgd_FMRegressionModelProto_fieldAccessorTable;
+  static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
+    internal_static_tribuo_regression_sgd_RegressionLinearSGDProto_descriptor;
+  static final 
+    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable
+      internal_static_tribuo_regression_sgd_RegressionLinearSGDProto_fieldAccessorTable;
+
+  public static com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor
+      getDescriptor() {
+    return descriptor;
+  }
+  private static  com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor
+      descriptor;
+  static {
+    java.lang.String[] descriptorData = {
+      "\n\033tribuo-regression-sgd.proto\022\025tribuo.re" +
+      "gression.sgd\032\021tribuo-core.proto\032\021tribuo-" +
+      "math.proto\"\243\001\n\026FMRegressionModelProto\022-\n" +
+      "\010metadata\030\001 \001(\0132\033.tribuo.core.ModelDataP" +
+      "roto\022,\n\006params\030\002 \001(\0132\034.tribuo.math.Param" +
+      "etersProto\022\027\n\017dimension_names\030\003 \003(\t\022\023\n\013s" +
+      "tandardise\030\004 \001(\010\"\220\001\n\030RegressionLinearSGD" +
+      "Proto\022-\n\010metadata\030\001 \001(\0132\033.tribuo.core.Mo" +
+      "delDataProto\022,\n\006params\030\002 \001(\0132\034.tribuo.ma" +
+      "th.ParametersProto\022\027\n\017dimension_names\030\003 " +
+      "\003(\tB$\n org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protosP" +
+      "\001b\006proto3"
+    };
+    descriptor = com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor
+      .internalBuildGeneratedFileFrom(descriptorData,
+        new com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor[] {
+          org.tribuo.protos.core.TribuoCore.getDescriptor(),
+          org.tribuo.math.protos.TribuoMath.getDescriptor(),
+        });
+    internal_static_tribuo_regression_sgd_FMRegressionModelProto_descriptor =
+      getDescriptor().getMessageTypes().get(0);
+    internal_static_tribuo_regression_sgd_FMRegressionModelProto_fieldAccessorTable = new
+      com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable(
+        internal_static_tribuo_regression_sgd_FMRegressionModelProto_descriptor,
+        new java.lang.String[] { "Metadata", "Params", "DimensionNames", "Standardise", });
+    internal_static_tribuo_regression_sgd_RegressionLinearSGDProto_descriptor =
+      getDescriptor().getMessageTypes().get(1);
+    internal_static_tribuo_regression_sgd_RegressionLinearSGDProto_fieldAccessorTable = new
+      com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable(
+        internal_static_tribuo_regression_sgd_RegressionLinearSGDProto_descriptor,
+        new java.lang.String[] { "Metadata", "Params", "DimensionNames", });
+    org.tribuo.protos.core.TribuoCore.getDescriptor();
+    org.tribuo.math.protos.TribuoMath.getDescriptor();
+  }
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(outer_class_scope)
+}
diff --git a/Regression/SGD/src/main/resources/protos/tribuo-regression-sgd.proto b/Regression/SGD/src/main/resources/protos/tribuo-regression-sgd.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..98b89f745
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Regression/SGD/src/main/resources/protos/tribuo-regression-sgd.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+/*
+ * Protos for serializing Tribuo regression SGD classes.
+ */
+package tribuo.regression.sgd;
+
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+option java_package = "org.tribuo.regression.sgd.protos";
+
+// Import Tribuo's core protos
+import "tribuo-core.proto";
+
+// Import Tribuo's math interface protos
+import "tribuo-math.proto";
+
+/*
+FMRegressionModel proto
+ */
+message FMRegressionModelProto {
+  tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;
+  tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;
+  repeated string dimension_names = 3;
+  bool standardise = 4;
+}
+
+/*
+LinearSGDModel proto
+ */
+message RegressionLinearSGDProto {
+  tribuo.core.ModelDataProto metadata = 1;
+  tribuo.math.ParametersProto params = 2;
+  repeated string dimension_names = 3;
+}
diff --git a/Regression/SGD/src/test/java/org/tribuo/regression/sgd/fm/TestFMRegression.java b/Regression/SGD/src/test/java/org/tribuo/regression/sgd/fm/TestFMRegression.java
index d67bb8bdc..4e81dee08 100644
--- a/Regression/SGD/src/test/java/org/tribuo/regression/sgd/fm/TestFMRegression.java
+++ b/Regression/SGD/src/test/java/org/tribuo/regression/sgd/fm/TestFMRegression.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2021, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@ public void testDenseData() {
         Pair<Dataset<Regressor>,Dataset<Regressor>> p = RegressionDataGenerator.denseTrainTest();
         Model<Regressor> model = testFMRegression(p);
         Helpers.testModelSerialization(model,Regressor.class);
+        Helpers.testModelProtoSerialization(model, Regressor.class, p.getB());
     }
 
     @Test
diff --git a/Regression/SGD/src/test/java/org/tribuo/regression/sgd/linear/TestSGDLinear.java b/Regression/SGD/src/test/java/org/tribuo/regression/sgd/linear/TestSGDLinear.java
index 8516dceec..06eb45f87 100644
--- a/Regression/SGD/src/test/java/org/tribuo/regression/sgd/linear/TestSGDLinear.java
+++ b/Regression/SGD/src/test/java/org/tribuo/regression/sgd/linear/TestSGDLinear.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2015-2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2015, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -103,6 +103,7 @@ public void testDenseData() {
         Pair<Dataset<Regressor>,Dataset<Regressor>> p = RegressionDataGenerator.denseTrainTest();
         Model<Regressor> model = testSGDLinear(p);
         Helpers.testModelSerialization(model,Regressor.class);
+        Helpers.testModelProtoSerialization(model, Regressor.class, p.getB());
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -261,6 +262,7 @@ public void testThreeDenseData() {
         assertEquals(expectedDim2,llEval.r2(new Regressor(RegressionDataGenerator.secondDimensionName,Double.NaN)),1e-6);
         assertEquals(expectedDim3,llEval.r2(new Regressor(RegressionDataGenerator.thirdDimensionName,Double.NaN)),1e-6);
         assertEquals(expectedAve,llEval.averageR2(),1e-6);
+        Helpers.testModelProtoSerialization(llModel, Regressor.class, p.getB());
 
         p = RegressionDataGenerator.threeDimDenseTrainTest(1.0, true);
         freshTrainer = new LinearSGDTrainer(new SquaredLoss(), new AdaGrad(1.0,0.1),10,1000, 1L);