diff --git a/rewrite-maven/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/maven/AddDependency.java b/rewrite-maven/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/maven/AddDependency.java
index c8257bc8752..e796e62ade3 100644
--- a/rewrite-maven/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/maven/AddDependency.java
+++ b/rewrite-maven/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/maven/AddDependency.java
@@ -25,7 +25,10 @@
 import org.openrewrite.java.search.UsesType;
 import org.openrewrite.java.tree.JavaSourceFile;
 import org.openrewrite.maven.table.MavenMetadataFailures;
-import org.openrewrite.maven.tree.*;
+import org.openrewrite.maven.tree.MavenResolutionResult;
+import org.openrewrite.maven.tree.ResolvedDependency;
+import org.openrewrite.maven.tree.ResolvedGroupArtifactVersion;
+import org.openrewrite.maven.tree.Scope;
 import org.openrewrite.semver.Semver;
 import org.openrewrite.xml.tree.Xml;
 
@@ -180,17 +183,17 @@ public Tree visit(@Nullable Tree tree, ExecutionContext ctx) {
                         acc.usingType = true;
                         JavaProject javaProject = sourceFile.getMarkers().findFirst(JavaProject.class).orElse(null);
                         JavaSourceSet javaSourceSet = sourceFile.getMarkers().findFirst(JavaSourceSet.class).orElse(null);
-                        if(javaProject != null && javaSourceSet != null) {
+                        if (javaProject != null && javaSourceSet != null) {
                             acc.scopeByProject.compute(javaProject, (jp, scope) -> "compile".equals(scope) ?
                                     scope /* a `compile` scope dependency will also be available in test source set */ :
                                     "test".equals(javaSourceSet.getName()) ? "test" : "compile"
                             );
                         }
                     }
-                } else if(tree instanceof Xml.Document) {
+                } else if (tree instanceof Xml.Document) {
                     Xml.Document doc = (Xml.Document) tree;
                     MavenResolutionResult mrr = doc.getMarkers().findFirst(MavenResolutionResult.class).orElse(null);
-                    if(mrr == null) {
+                    if (mrr == null) {
                         return sourceFile;
                     }
                     acc.pomsDefinedInCurrentRepository.add(mrr.getPom().getGav());
@@ -235,7 +238,10 @@ public Xml visitDocument(Xml.Document document, ExecutionContext ctx) {
                     }
                 }
 
-                if(onlyIfUsing == null && getResolutionResult().getParent() != null && acc.pomsDefinedInCurrentRepository.contains(getResolutionResult().getParent().getPom().getGav())) {
+                if (onlyIfUsing == null && isSubprojectOfParentInRepository(acc)) {
+                    return maven;
+                }
+                if (isAggregatorNotUsedAsParent()) {
                     return maven;
                 }
 
@@ -243,6 +249,29 @@ public Xml visitDocument(Xml.Document document, ExecutionContext ctx) {
                         groupId, artifactId, version, versionPattern, resolvedScope, releasesOnly,
                         type, classifier, optional, familyPatternCompiled, metadataFailures).visitNonNull(document, ctx);
             }
+
+            private boolean isSubprojectOfParentInRepository(Scanned acc) {
+                return getResolutionResult().getParent() != null &&
+                       acc.pomsDefinedInCurrentRepository.contains(getResolutionResult().getParent().getPom().getGav());
+            }
+
+            private boolean isAggregatorNotUsedAsParent() {
+                List<String> subprojects = getResolutionResult().getPom().getSubprojects();
+                if (subprojects.isEmpty()) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                List<MavenResolutionResult> modules = getResolutionResult().getModules();
+                if (modules.isEmpty()) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+                for (MavenResolutionResult child : modules) {
+                    if (subprojects.contains(child.getPom().getGav().getArtifactId())) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+                return true;
+            }
+
         });
     }
 
diff --git a/rewrite-maven/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/maven/internal/RawPom.java b/rewrite-maven/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/maven/internal/RawPom.java
index 4ae0fc5b3da..0ea795ee8ea 100755
--- a/rewrite-maven/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/maven/internal/RawPom.java
+++ b/rewrite-maven/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/maven/internal/RawPom.java
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 import lombok.experimental.NonFinal;
 import org.jspecify.annotations.NonNull;
 import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;
+import org.openrewrite.internal.ListUtils;
 import org.openrewrite.internal.StringUtils;
 import org.openrewrite.maven.tree.*;
 
@@ -118,6 +119,12 @@ public class RawPom {
     @Nullable
     Profiles profiles;
 
+    @Nullable
+    Modules modules;
+
+    @Nullable
+    SubProjects subprojects;
+
     public static RawPom parse(InputStream inputStream, @Nullable String snapshotVersion) {
         try {
             RawPom pom = MavenXmlMapper.readMapper().readValue(inputStream, RawPom.class);
@@ -217,6 +224,32 @@ public Profiles(@JacksonXmlProperty(localName = "profile") List<Profile> profile
         }
     }
 
+    @Getter
+    public static class Modules {
+        private final List<String> modules;
+
+        public Modules() {
+            this.modules = emptyList();
+        }
+
+        public Modules(@JacksonXmlProperty(localName = "module") List<String> modules) {
+            this.modules = modules;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Getter
+    public static class SubProjects {
+        private final List<String> subprojects;
+
+        public SubProjects() {
+            this.subprojects = emptyList();
+        }
+
+        public SubProjects(@JacksonXmlProperty(localName = "subproject") List<String> subprojects) {
+            this.subprojects = subprojects;
+        }
+    }
+
     @FieldDefaults(level = AccessLevel.PRIVATE)
     @Data
     public static class Build {
@@ -346,9 +379,9 @@ public static class Profile {
     }
 
     public @Nullable String getVersion() {
-        if(version == null) {
-            if(currentVersion == null) {
-                if(parent == null) {
+        if (version == null) {
+            if (currentVersion == null) {
+                if (parent == null) {
                     return null;
                 } else {
                     return parent.getVersion();
@@ -382,8 +415,9 @@ public Pom toPom(@Nullable Path inputPath, @Nullable MavenRepository repo) {
                 .packaging(packaging)
                 .properties(getProperties() == null ? emptyMap() : getProperties())
                 .licenses(mapLicenses(getLicenses()))
-                .profiles(mapProfiles(getProfiles()));
-        if(StringUtils.isBlank(pomVersion)) {
+                .profiles(mapProfiles(getProfiles()))
+                .subprojects(mapSubProjects(getModules(), getSubprojects()));
+        if (StringUtils.isBlank(pomVersion)) {
             builder.dependencies(mapRequestedDependencies(getDependencies()))
                     .dependencyManagement(mapDependencyManagement(getDependencyManagement()))
                     .repositories(mapRepositories(getRepositories()))
@@ -547,4 +581,17 @@ private List<org.openrewrite.maven.tree.Plugin.Execution> mapPluginExecutions(@N
         return executions;
     }
 
+    private List<String> mapSubProjects(@Nullable Modules modules, @Nullable SubProjects subprojects) {
+        if (modules == null && subprojects != null) {
+            return subprojects.getSubprojects();
+        }
+        if (subprojects == null && modules != null) {
+            return modules.getModules();
+        }
+        if (modules != null && subprojects != null) {
+            return ListUtils.concatAll(modules.getModules(), subprojects.getSubprojects());
+        }
+        return emptyList();
+    }
+
 }
diff --git a/rewrite-maven/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/maven/tree/MavenResolutionResult.java b/rewrite-maven/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/maven/tree/MavenResolutionResult.java
index 2530580ec43..4dd92feb8f4 100644
--- a/rewrite-maven/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/maven/tree/MavenResolutionResult.java
+++ b/rewrite-maven/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/maven/tree/MavenResolutionResult.java
@@ -209,6 +209,10 @@ public boolean parentPomIsProjectPom() {
                 .anyMatch(gav -> gav.equals(parentGav));
     }
 
+    public boolean isMultiModulePom() {
+        return !getPom().getSubprojects().isEmpty();
+    }
+
     private Map<Path, Pom> getProjectPomsRecursive(Map<Path, Pom> projectPoms) {
         projectPoms.put(requireNonNull(pom.getRequested().getSourcePath()), pom.getRequested());
         if (parent != null) {
diff --git a/rewrite-maven/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/maven/tree/Pom.java b/rewrite-maven/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/maven/tree/Pom.java
index e5af8d7bb32..fabcfa52229 100644
--- a/rewrite-maven/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/maven/tree/Pom.java
+++ b/rewrite-maven/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/maven/tree/Pom.java
@@ -115,6 +115,9 @@ public static int getModelVersion() {
     @Builder.Default
     List<Plugin> pluginManagement = emptyList();
 
+    @Builder.Default
+    List<String> subprojects = emptyList();
+
     public String getGroupId() {
         return gav.getGroupId();
     }
@@ -184,7 +187,8 @@ public ResolvedPom resolve(Iterable<String> activeProfiles,
                 repositories,
                 dependencies,
                 plugins,
-                pluginManagement)
+                pluginManagement,
+                subprojects)
                 .resolve(ctx, downloader);
     }
 
diff --git a/rewrite-maven/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/maven/tree/ResolvedPom.java b/rewrite-maven/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/maven/tree/ResolvedPom.java
index e00559f9eb7..0604c7b47e6 100644
--- a/rewrite-maven/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/maven/tree/ResolvedPom.java
+++ b/rewrite-maven/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/maven/tree/ResolvedPom.java
@@ -69,11 +69,11 @@ public class ResolvedPom {
     Iterable<String> activeProfiles;
 
     public ResolvedPom(Pom requested, Iterable<String> activeProfiles) {
-        this(requested, activeProfiles, emptyMap(), emptyList(), null, emptyList(), emptyList(), emptyList(), emptyList());
+        this(requested, activeProfiles, emptyMap(), emptyList(), null, emptyList(), emptyList(), emptyList(), emptyList(), emptyList());
     }
 
     @JsonCreator
-    ResolvedPom(Pom requested, Iterable<String> activeProfiles, Map<String, String> properties, List<ResolvedManagedDependency> dependencyManagement, @Nullable List<MavenRepository> initialRepositories, List<MavenRepository> repositories, List<Dependency> requestedDependencies, List<Plugin> plugins, List<Plugin> pluginManagement) {
+    ResolvedPom(Pom requested, Iterable<String> activeProfiles, Map<String, String> properties, List<ResolvedManagedDependency> dependencyManagement, @Nullable List<MavenRepository> initialRepositories, List<MavenRepository> repositories, List<Dependency> requestedDependencies, List<Plugin> plugins, List<Plugin> pluginManagement, List<String> subprojects) {
         this.requested = requested;
         this.activeProfiles = activeProfiles;
         this.properties = properties;
@@ -83,6 +83,7 @@ public ResolvedPom(Pom requested, Iterable<String> activeProfiles) {
         this.requestedDependencies = requestedDependencies;
         this.plugins = plugins;
         this.pluginManagement = pluginManagement;
+        this.subprojects = subprojects;
     }
 
     @NonFinal
@@ -113,6 +114,10 @@ public ResolvedPom(Pom requested, Iterable<String> activeProfiles) {
     @Builder.Default
     List<Plugin> pluginManagement = emptyList();
 
+    @NonFinal
+    @Builder.Default
+    List<String> subprojects = emptyList();
+
 
     /**
      * Deduplicate dependencies and dependency management dependencies
@@ -172,6 +177,7 @@ public ResolvedPom resolve(ExecutionContext ctx, MavenPomDownloader downloader)
                 emptyList(),
                 emptyList(),
                 emptyList(),
+                emptyList(),
                 emptyList()
         ).resolver(ctx, downloader).resolve();
 
@@ -926,7 +932,7 @@ public List<ResolvedDependency> resolveDependencies(Scope scope, Map<GroupArtifa
                     ResolvedPom resolvedPom = cache.getResolvedDependencyPom(dPom.getGav());
                     if (resolvedPom == null) {
                         resolvedPom = new ResolvedPom(dPom, getActiveProfiles(), emptyMap(),
-                                emptyList(), initialRepositories, emptyList(), emptyList(), emptyList(), emptyList());
+                                emptyList(), initialRepositories, emptyList(), emptyList(), emptyList(), emptyList(), emptyList());
                         resolvedPom.resolver(ctx, downloader).resolveParentsRecursively(dPom);
                         cache.putResolvedDependencyPom(dPom.getGav(), resolvedPom);
                     }
diff --git a/rewrite-maven/src/test/java/org/openrewrite/maven/AddDependencyTest.java b/rewrite-maven/src/test/java/org/openrewrite/maven/AddDependencyTest.java
index 91248547837..5f98b199445 100644
--- a/rewrite-maven/src/test/java/org/openrewrite/maven/AddDependencyTest.java
+++ b/rewrite-maven/src/test/java/org/openrewrite/maven/AddDependencyTest.java
@@ -27,10 +27,7 @@
 import org.openrewrite.test.RecipeSpec;
 import org.openrewrite.test.RewriteTest;
 
-import static org.openrewrite.java.Assertions.java;
-import static org.openrewrite.java.Assertions.mavenProject;
-import static org.openrewrite.java.Assertions.srcMainJava;
-import static org.openrewrite.java.Assertions.srcTestJava;
+import static org.openrewrite.java.Assertions.*;
 import static org.openrewrite.maven.Assertions.pomXml;
 import static org.openrewrite.test.RewriteTest.toRecipe;
 
@@ -1055,9 +1052,6 @@ void preferRootPom() {
             )
           ),
           mavenProject("project1",
-            srcMainJava(
-              java(usingGuavaIntMath)
-            ),
             pomXml(
               """
                 <project>
@@ -1152,35 +1146,35 @@ void noCompileScopeDependency() {
                   <groupId>org.springframework.samples</groupId>
                   <artifactId>spring-petclinic</artifactId>
                   <version>2.7.3</version>
-
+                
                   <parent>
                     <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                     <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
                     <version>3.0.5</version>
                   </parent>
                   <name>petclinic</name>
-
+                
                   <properties>
                     <jakarta-servlet.version>5.0.0</jakarta-servlet.version>
-
+                
                     <java.version>17</java.version>
                     <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
                     <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
-
+                
                     <webjars-bootstrap.version>5.1.3</webjars-bootstrap.version>
                     <webjars-font-awesome.version>4.7.0</webjars-font-awesome.version>
-
+                
                     <jacoco.version>0.8.8</jacoco.version>
-
+                
                   </properties>
-
+                
                   <dependencies>
                     <dependency>
                       <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                       <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
                     </dependency>
                   </dependencies>
-
+                
                 </project>
                 """,
               """
@@ -1189,28 +1183,28 @@ void noCompileScopeDependency() {
                   <groupId>org.springframework.samples</groupId>
                   <artifactId>spring-petclinic</artifactId>
                   <version>2.7.3</version>
-
+                
                   <parent>
                     <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                     <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
                     <version>3.0.5</version>
                   </parent>
                   <name>petclinic</name>
-
+                
                   <properties>
                     <jakarta-servlet.version>5.0.0</jakarta-servlet.version>
-
+                
                     <java.version>17</java.version>
                     <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
                     <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
-
+                
                     <webjars-bootstrap.version>5.1.3</webjars-bootstrap.version>
                     <webjars-font-awesome.version>4.7.0</webjars-font-awesome.version>
-
+                
                     <jacoco.version>0.8.8</jacoco.version>
-
+                
                   </properties>
-
+                
                   <dependencies>
                     <dependency>
                       <groupId>jakarta.xml.bind</groupId>
@@ -1221,7 +1215,7 @@ void noCompileScopeDependency() {
                       <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
                     </dependency>
                   </dependencies>
-
+                
                 </project>
                 """
             )
@@ -1464,6 +1458,197 @@ class Foo {}
         );
     }
 
+    @Test
+    void addDependencyToParentPomWhenAggregatingPomIsNotParent() {
+        rewriteRun(
+          spec -> spec.recipe(new AddDependency(
+            "org.hamcrest",
+            "hamcrest-junit",
+            "2.0.0.0",
+            null,
+            "test",
+            null,
+            null,
+            null,
+            null,
+            null,
+            null,
+            true)),
+          mavenProject("my-app-aggregate",
+            pomXml(
+              """
+                <project>
+                  <groupId>com.mycompany.app</groupId>
+                  <artifactId>my-app-aggregate</artifactId>
+                  <version>1</version>
+                  <modules>
+                    <module>project-parent</module>
+                    <module>project-child</module>
+                  </modules>
+                </project>
+                """
+            )
+          ),
+          mavenProject("project-parent",
+            pomXml(
+              """
+                <project>
+                  <groupId>com.mycompany.app</groupId>
+                  <artifactId>my-app-parent</artifactId>
+                  <version>1</version>
+                  <parent>
+                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
+                    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
+                    <version>3.1.5</version>
+                  </parent>
+                </project>
+                """,
+              """
+                <project>
+                  <groupId>com.mycompany.app</groupId>
+                  <artifactId>my-app-parent</artifactId>
+                  <version>1</version>
+                  <parent>
+                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
+                    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
+                    <version>3.1.5</version>
+                  </parent>
+                  <dependencies>
+                    <dependency>
+                      <groupId>org.hamcrest</groupId>
+                      <artifactId>hamcrest-junit</artifactId>
+                      <version>2.0.0.0</version>
+                      <scope>test</scope>
+                    </dependency>
+                  </dependencies>
+                </project>
+                """
+            )
+          ),
+          mavenProject("my-app-child",
+            pomXml(
+              """
+                <project>
+                  <groupId>com.mycompany.app</groupId>
+                  <artifactId>my-app-child</artifactId>
+                  <version>1</version>
+                  <parent>
+                    <groupId>com.mycompany.app</groupId>
+                    <artifactId>my-app-parent</artifactId>
+                    <version>1</version>
+                  </parent>
+                </project>
+                """
+            )
+          )
+        );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void addDependencyToAggregatingPomAndParentPomWhenAggregatingPomIsParent() {
+        rewriteRun(
+          spec -> spec.recipe(new AddDependency(
+            "org.hamcrest",
+            "hamcrest-junit",
+            "2.0.0.0",
+            null,
+            "test",
+            null,
+            null,
+            null,
+            null,
+            null,
+            null,
+            true)),
+          mavenProject("my-app-aggregate",
+            pomXml(
+              """
+                <project>
+                  <groupId>com.mycompany.app</groupId>
+                  <artifactId>my-app-aggregate</artifactId>
+                  <version>1</version>
+                  <modules>
+                    <module>my-app-parent</module>
+                    <module>my-app-child</module>
+                  </modules>
+                </project>
+                """,
+              """
+                <project>
+                  <groupId>com.mycompany.app</groupId>
+                  <artifactId>my-app-aggregate</artifactId>
+                  <version>1</version>
+                  <modules>
+                    <module>my-app-parent</module>
+                    <module>my-app-child</module>
+                  </modules>
+                  <dependencies>
+                    <dependency>
+                      <groupId>org.hamcrest</groupId>
+                      <artifactId>hamcrest-junit</artifactId>
+                      <version>2.0.0.0</version>
+                      <scope>test</scope>
+                    </dependency>
+                  </dependencies>
+                </project>
+                """
+            )
+          ),
+          mavenProject("project-parent",
+            pomXml(
+              """
+                <project>
+                  <groupId>com.mycompany.app</groupId>
+                  <artifactId>my-app-parent</artifactId>
+                  <version>1</version>
+                  <parent>
+                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
+                    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
+                    <version>3.1.5</version>
+                  </parent>
+                </project>
+                """,
+              """
+                <project>
+                  <groupId>com.mycompany.app</groupId>
+                  <artifactId>my-app-parent</artifactId>
+                  <version>1</version>
+                  <parent>
+                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
+                    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
+                    <version>3.1.5</version>
+                  </parent>
+                  <dependencies>
+                    <dependency>
+                      <groupId>org.hamcrest</groupId>
+                      <artifactId>hamcrest-junit</artifactId>
+                      <version>2.0.0.0</version>
+                      <scope>test</scope>
+                    </dependency>
+                  </dependencies>
+                </project>
+                """
+            )
+          ),
+          mavenProject("my-app-child",
+            pomXml(
+              """
+                <project>
+                  <groupId>com.mycompany.app</groupId>
+                  <artifactId>my-app-child</artifactId>
+                  <version>1</version>
+                  <parent>
+                    <groupId>com.mycompany.app</groupId>
+                    <artifactId>my-app-aggregate</artifactId>
+                    <version>1</version>
+                  </parent>
+                </project>
+                """
+            )
+          )
+        );
+    }
+
     private AddDependency addDependency(@SuppressWarnings("SameParameterValue") String gav) {
         return addDependency(gav, null, null, null);
     }
diff --git a/rewrite-maven/src/test/java/org/openrewrite/maven/internal/RawPomTest.java b/rewrite-maven/src/test/java/org/openrewrite/maven/internal/RawPomTest.java
index 8f69e5e1bc2..f197c65d4a7 100644
--- a/rewrite-maven/src/test/java/org/openrewrite/maven/internal/RawPomTest.java
+++ b/rewrite-maven/src/test/java/org/openrewrite/maven/internal/RawPomTest.java
@@ -81,6 +81,41 @@ void repositoriesSerializationAndDeserialization() {
         assertThat(pom.getRepositories().getRepositories()).hasSize(1);
     }
 
+    @Test
+    void modulesAndSubProjects() {
+        RawPom pom = RawPom.parse(
+          //language=xml
+          new ByteArrayInputStream("""
+                <project>
+                  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+            
+                  <groupId>com.mycompany.app</groupId>
+                  <artifactId>my-app</artifactId>
+                  <version>1</version>
+            
+                  <modules>
+                    <module>my-module</module>
+                    <module>my-other-module</module>
+                  </modules>
+            
+                  <subprojects>
+                    <subproject>my-subproject</subproject>
+                    <subproject>my-other-subproject</subproject>
+                  </subprojects>
+                </project>
+            """.getBytes()),
+          null
+        );
+
+        assertThat(pom).isNotNull();
+        //noinspection DataFlowIssue
+        assertThat(pom.getSubprojects()).isNotNull();
+        //noinspection DataFlowIssue
+        assertThat(pom.getModules()).isNotNull();
+        assertThat(pom.getSubprojects().getSubprojects()).hasSize(2);
+        assertThat(pom.getModules().getModules()).hasSize(2);
+    }
+
     @Test
     void serializePluginFlags() {
         RawPom pom = RawPom.parse(