diff --git a/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/java/testing/cleanup/AssertEqualsBooleanToAssertBoolean.java b/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/java/testing/cleanup/AssertEqualsBooleanToAssertBoolean.java
index dd0f354cc..0ebbd75db 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/java/testing/cleanup/AssertEqualsBooleanToAssertBoolean.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/java/testing/cleanup/AssertEqualsBooleanToAssertBoolean.java
@@ -57,7 +57,8 @@ public TreeVisitor<?, ExecutionContext> getVisitor() {
             @Override
             public J.MethodInvocation visitMethodInvocation(J.MethodInvocation method, ExecutionContext ctx) {
                 J.MethodInvocation mi = (J.MethodInvocation) super.visitMethodInvocation(method, ctx);
-                if (ASSERT_EQUALS.matches(mi) && isBooleanLiteral(mi)) {
+                if (ASSERT_EQUALS.matches(mi) && isBooleanLiteral(mi) &&
+                    JavaType.Primitive.Boolean.equals(mi.getArguments().get(1).getType())) {
                     StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
                     String assertMethod = Boolean.parseBoolean(((J.Literal) mi.getArguments().get(0)).getValueSource())
                             ? "assertTrue" : "assertFalse";
diff --git a/src/test/java/org/openrewrite/java/testing/cleanup/AssertEqualsBooleanToAssertBooleanTest.java b/src/test/java/org/openrewrite/java/testing/cleanup/AssertEqualsBooleanToAssertBooleanTest.java
index 4d39ff54e..13bbaf4ae 100644
--- a/src/test/java/org/openrewrite/java/testing/cleanup/AssertEqualsBooleanToAssertBooleanTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/org/openrewrite/java/testing/cleanup/AssertEqualsBooleanToAssertBooleanTest.java
@@ -105,4 +105,23 @@ void test() {
           )
         );
     }
+
+    @Test
+    @Issue("https://github.com/openrewrite/rewrite-testing-frameworks/issues/587")
+    void assertTrueWithNonBoolean() {
+        rewriteRun(
+          spec -> spec.recipe(new AssertEqualsBooleanToAssertBoolean()),
+          // language=java
+          java(
+            """
+              import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+              class Main {
+                void foo() {
+                  assertEquals(true, new Object());
+                }
+              }
+              """
+          )
+        );
+    }
 }