diff --git a/joss.06366/10.21105.joss.06366.crossref.xml b/joss.06366/10.21105.joss.06366.crossref.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6e07ca2965 --- /dev/null +++ b/joss.06366/10.21105.joss.06366.crossref.xml @@ -0,0 +1,264 @@ + + + + 20240423T131339-85b26985be3e04ece05b13d8f535093416473d8e + 20240423131339 + + JOSS Admin + admin@theoj.org + + The Open Journal + + + + + Journal of Open Source Software + JOSS + 2475-9066 + + 10.21105/joss + https://joss.theoj.org + + + + + 04 + 2024 + + + 9 + + 96 + + + + The fqar package: R tools for analyzing floristic +quality assessment data + + + + Andrew + Gard + https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4434-0755 + + + Alexia + Myers + + + Irene + Luwabelwa + + + + 04 + 23 + 2024 + + + 6366 + + + 10.21105/joss.06366 + + + http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ + http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ + http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ + + + + Software archive + 10.5281/zenodo.11002086 + + + GitHub review issue + https://github.com/openjournals/joss-reviews/issues/6366 + + + + 10.21105/joss.06366 + https://joss.theoj.org/papers/10.21105/joss.06366 + + + https://joss.theoj.org/papers/10.21105/joss.06366.pdf + + + + + + fqadata: Contains regional floristic quality +assessment databases + Foxfoot + 2023 + Foxfoot, I. (2023). fqadata: Contains +regional floristic quality assessment databases. +https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=fqadata + + + fqacalc: Calculate floristic quality +assessment metrics + Foxfoot + 2023 + Foxfoot, I. (2023). fqacalc: +Calculate floristic quality assessment metrics. +https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=fqacalc + + + Tidy data + Wickham + Journal of Statistical +Software + 10 + 59 + 10.18637/jss.v059.i10 + 2014 + Wickham, H. (2014). Tidy data. +Journal of Statistical Software, 59(10), 1–23. +https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v059.i10 + + + A null model test of floristic quality +assessment: Are plant species’ coefficients of conservatism +valid? + Matthews + Ecological Indicators + 52 + 10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.11.017 + 2015 + Matthews, J. W., Spyreas, G., & +Long, C. M. (2015). A null model test of floristic quality assessment: +Are plant species’ coefficients of conservatism valid? Ecological +Indicators, 52, 1–7. +https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.11.017 + + + Properties and performance of the floristic +quality index in Great Lakes coastal wetlands + Bourdaghs + Wetlands + 3 + 26 + 10.1672/0277-5212(2006)26[718:papotf]2.0.co;2 + 2006 + Bourdaghs, M., Johnston, C. A., & +Regal, R. R. (2006). Properties and performance of the floristic quality +index in Great Lakes coastal wetlands. Wetlands, 26(3), 718–735. +https://doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2006)26[718:papotf]2.0.co;2 + + + Testing the efficacy of species richness and +floristic quality assessment of quality, temporal change, and fire +effects in tallgrass prairie natural areas + Bowles + Natural Areas Journal + 1 + 26 + 10.3375/0885-8608(2006)26[17:tteosr]2.0.co;2 + 2006 + Bowles, M., & Jones, M. (2006). +Testing the efficacy of species richness and floristic quality +assessment of quality, temporal change, and fire effects in tallgrass +prairie natural areas. Natural Areas Journal, 26(1), 17–30. +https://doi.org/10.3375/0885-8608(2006)26[17:tteosr]2.0.co;2 + + + Ecology of floristic quality assessment: +Testing for correlations between coefficients of conservatism, species +traits and mycorrhizal responsiveness + Bauer + AoB PLANTS + 10 + 10.1093/aobpla/plx073 + 2018 + Bauer, K., J. (2018). Ecology of +floristic quality assessment: Testing for correlations between +coefficients of conservatism, species traits and mycorrhizal +responsiveness. AoB PLANTS, 10. +https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plx073 + + + Niche ecology in floristic quality +assessment: Are species with higher conservatism more +specialized? + Zinnen + Ecological Indicators + 121 + 10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.107078 + 2021 + Zinnen, S., J. (2021). Niche ecology +in floristic quality assessment: Are species with higher conservatism +more specialized? Ecological Indicators, 121. +https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.107078 + + + R: A language and environment for statistical +computing + R Core Team + 2022 + R Core Team. (2022). R: A language +and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical +Computing. https://www.R-project.org/ + + + Flora of the Chicago region: A floristic and +ecological synthesis + Wilhelm + 9781883362157 + 2017 + Wilhelm, G., & Rericha, L. +(2017). Flora of the Chicago region: A floristic and ecological +synthesis. Indiana Academy of Sciences. +ISBN: 9781883362157 + + + Plants of the Chicago region + Swink + 1883362016 + 1994 + Swink, F., & Wilhelm, G. (1994). +Plants of the Chicago region. Indiana Academy of Science. +ISBN: 1883362016 + + + Floristic quality assessment: A critique, a +defense, and a primer + Spyreas + Ecosphere + 8 + 10 + 10.1002/ecs2.2825 + 2019 + Spyreas, G. (2019). Floristic quality +assessment: A critique, a defense, and a primer. Ecosphere, 10(8), +e02825. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2825 + + + The universal floristic quality assessment +(FQA) calculator: An online tool for ecological assessment and +monitoring + Freyman + Methods in Ecology and +Evolution + 3 + 7 + 10.1002/ecs2.2825 + 2016 + Freyman, W. A., Masters, L. A., & +Packard, S. (2016). The universal floristic quality assessment (FQA) +calculator: An online tool for ecological assessment and monitoring. +Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 7(3), 380–383. +https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2825 + + + + + + diff --git a/joss.06366/10.21105.joss.06366.jats b/joss.06366/10.21105.joss.06366.jats new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b22d30758e --- /dev/null +++ b/joss.06366/10.21105.joss.06366.jats @@ -0,0 +1,472 @@ + + +
+ + + + +Journal of Open Source Software +JOSS + +2475-9066 + +Open Journals + + + +6366 +10.21105/joss.06366 + +The fqar package: R tools for analyzing floristic quality +assessment data + + + +https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4434-0755 + +Gard +Andrew + + +* + + + +Myers +Alexia + + + + + +Luwabelwa +Irene + + + + + +Lake Forest College, Lake Forest IL, USA + + + + +* E-mail: + + +18 +8 +2023 + +9 +96 +6366 + +Authors of papers retain copyright and release the +work under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC +BY 4.0) +2022 +The article authors + +Authors of papers retain copyright and release the work under +a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY +4.0) + + + +R +ecology +floristic quality assessment + + + + + + Summary +

Floristic Quality Assessment (FQA) is a standardized method for + rating the ecological value of natural areas based on the plant + species found within them + (Spyreas, + 2019; + Swink + & Wilhelm, 1994). Each species known to be found in a + particular region is assigned a coefficient of + conservatism, C, on a scale of 0-10 by experts in local flora + (non-native species are generally assigned a zero C-value by default). + Larger values of C correspond to species that tend to be found in + undegraded sites, while lower values indicate species that are more + tolerant to human impacts + (Bauer, + 2018). An inventory of the site is conducted and the average of + the C-values found there is computed. This native mean + C-value, sometimes weighted by the total number of plant + species identified to give the so-called floristic quality + index + (Bowles + & Jones, 2006), is frequently used by land managers and + other agents to quantify an area’s state of conservancy + (Zinnen, + 2021).

+

In recent years, it has become increasingly standard for + practitioners to upload their floristic quality assessments to a + central repository, + universalfqa.org + (Freyman + et al., 2016), which already includes tens of thousands of + assessments from over one hundred floristic quality databases. This + large public data cache represents a potentially invaluable resource + for quantitative ecologists, though it has so far gone largely + unexplored due to a lack of both technical tools for interacting + programmatically with the repository and accessible workflows for + analyzing the floristic quality data housed there.

+

fqar is an R + (R Core + Team, 2022) package which facilitates the analysis of + occurrence and co-occurrence of plant taxa at the regional level. + Pulling data on-demand from + universalfqa.org, + it provides both organizational tools for handling the disparate sorts + of data housed there and statistical ones for drawing novel + conclusions from that data.

+
+ + Statement of need +

The + universalfqa.org + website is calibrated for practitioners in the field rather than data + analysts at their desks. It facilitates the recording, storing, and + publicizing of individual floristic quality assessments and performs + calculations of the statistical measures most often cited by land + managers and conservation organizations in their reporting, including + native mean-C. However, its focus on individual assessments is not + well-suited to analyses that might wish to consider multiple + assessments simultaneously.

+

This package compliments existing R packages for floristic quality + analysis, including fqacalc and + fqadata, which support the work of field + practitioners wishing to make use of R + (Foxfoot, + 2023a, + 2023b). The + fqar package enables analysis with a wider + lens, allowing users to consider database-wide records of plant taxa + or characteristics. By examining entire collections of assessments + simultaneously, ecologists may gain insights into floristic quality + assessment as well as the various plant species it tracks. Among the + wide range of questions made answerable by fqar + are the following:

+ + +

what is the co-occurrence profile of a given species of + interest? What other plants (or types of plants) is it most + frequently identified alongside?

+
+ +

which species in a given database might be misclassified based + on their co-occurrence profiles? It is to be expected that, on + average, 9’s and 10’s will tend to be found among higher + conservancy flora than 0’s and 1’s. Species that radically depart + from this expectation would be candidates for re-evaluation.

+
+ +

what species are most commonly identified in certain regions? + Which have been reported seldom or not at all?

+
+ +

which non-native species have become widespread in particular + regions? Which tend to be symptomatic of degraded areas, and which + seem to be able to coexist alongside conservative native + plants?

+
+
+

There is currently great need in the ecological community to + validate and potentially refine the floristic quality assessment + methodology + (Spyreas, + 2019). Because C-values, the metric on which FQA is ultimately + based, are assigned based on the experience of small numbers of local + experts, there are inevitable inconsistencies and irregularities which + only a larger-scale reconsideration can address. Thus far the + community has only been able to take preliminary or ad hoc steps in + that direction + (Bourdaghs + et al., 2006; + Matthews + et al., 2015). The fqar package will + allow for a more deep, targeted analysis.

+
+ + Typical workflow +

Analysts using fqar will typically download + and reformat assessments of interest before using functions like + assessment_cooccurrence_summary to analyze the + data. The following workflow does just this for the Flora of + the Chicago Region database, an updated version of the + original floristic quality manual + (Wilhelm + & Rericha, 2017). Depending on the needs of the specific + user, such analysis can be restricted to particular practitioners, + organizations, or locations, or redirected entirely along the lines + described in the previous section.

+

First, download all public assessments in the desired database and + reshape them into a standard format:

+ library(fqar) +chicago_fqas <- download_assessment_list(database_id = 80) +chicago_invs <- assessment_list_inventory(chicago_fqas) +

The output of the former command is a list of data frames in the + original format provided by + universalfqa.org. + Each of these data frames includes several different sorts of + information: species-level observations, summary statistics, and + metadata. The second command isolates the species inventories and + stores them in a tidy format + (Wickham, + 2014).

+

Next, extract co-occurrence information from this collection of + species inventories:

+ chicago_cooccurrence <- assessment_cooccurrences(chicago_invs) +

fqar provides tools for both quantitative + and visual descriptions of the co-occurrence profile of given + species.

+ species_profile(chicago_invs, + species = "Fragaria virginiana", + native = TRUE) # a data frame +species_profile_plot(chicago_invs, + species = "Fragaria virginiana", + native = TRUE) # a visualization + +

+ +
+

Here we see that Fragaria virginiana, the wild + strawberry, is listed with C + + =0 + in the Chicago database but co-occurs with a wide variety of more + conservative species. In particular, it has been found with 10’s more + frequently than it has with other 0’s.

+

Summary co-occurrence information for the entire database can be + extracted with + assessment_cooccurrences_summary, which gives a + complete listing of all observed species and their co-occurring mean + C-values.

+ chicago_summary <- assessment_cooccurrences(chicago_invs) +

The data generated by functions like these will be invaluable in + the validation and refinement of floristic quality assessment.

+
+ + Availability +

The fqar package is freely available via the + Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN).

+

install.packages("fqar")

+

Alternatively, the latest developmental version can be installed + directly from GitHub:

+

devtools::install_github("equitable-equations/fqar")

+

Thorough documentation is provided. A long-form vignette gives a + birds-eye overview of the package’s functionality while help files for + individual functions provide guidance on particular data analysis + tasks.

+
+ + Acknowledgements +

Partial funding for this project was provided by the James Rocco + Program. The authors also wish to thanks Glenn Adelson, Ph.D (Lake + Forest College) and Justin Thomas, M.Sc (NatureCITE) for their insight + into floristic quality assessment.

+
+ + + + + + + FoxfootIris + + fqadata: Contains regional floristic quality assessment databases + 2023 + https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=fqadata + + + + + + FoxfootIris + + fqacalc: Calculate floristic quality assessment metrics + 2023 + https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=fqacalc + + + + + + WickhamHadley + + Tidy data + Journal of Statistical Software + 2014 + 59 + 10 + https://www.jstatsoft.org/index.php/jss/article/view/v059i10 + 10.18637/jss.v059.i10 + 1 + 23 + + + + + + MatthewsJeffrey W + SpyreasGreg + LongColleen M + + A null model test of floristic quality assessment: Are plant species’ coefficients of conservatism valid? + Ecological Indicators + Elsevier + 2015 + 52 + https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.11.017 + 10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.11.017 + 1 + 7 + + + + + + BourdaghsMichael + JohnstonCarol A + RegalRonald R + + Properties and performance of the floristic quality index in Great Lakes coastal wetlands + Wetlands + Springer + 2006 + 26 + 3 + https://doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2006)26[718:PAPOTF]2.0.CO;2 + 10.1672/0277-5212(2006)26[718:papotf]2.0.co;2 + 718 + 735 + + + + + + BowlesMarlin + JonesMichael + + Testing the efficacy of species richness and floristic quality assessment of quality, temporal change, and fire effects in tallgrass prairie natural areas + Natural Areas Journal + BioOne + 2006 + 26 + 1 + https://doi.org/10.3375/0885-8608(2006)26[17:TTEOSR]2.0.CO;2 + 10.3375/0885-8608(2006)26[17:tteosr]2.0.co;2 + 17 + 30 + + + + + + BauerKoziolJ. + + Ecology of floristic quality assessment: Testing for correlations between coefficients of conservatism, species traits and mycorrhizal responsiveness + AoB PLANTS + 2018 + 10 + https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plx073 + 10.1093/aobpla/plx073 + + + + + + ZinnenSpyreasJ. + + Niche ecology in floristic quality assessment: Are species with higher conservatism more specialized? + Ecological Indicators + 2021 + 121 + https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.107078 + 10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.107078 + + + + + + R Core Team + + R: A language and environment for statistical computing + R Foundation for Statistical Computing + Vienna, Austria + 2022 + https://www.R-project.org/ + + + + + + WilhelmGerould + RerichaLaura + + Flora of the Chicago region: A floristic and ecological synthesis + Indiana Academy of Sciences + 2017 + 9781883362157 + + + + + + SwinkFloyd + WilhelmGerould + + Plants of the Chicago region + Indiana Academy of Science + 1994 + 1883362016 + + + + + + SpyreasGreg + + Floristic quality assessment: A critique, a defense, and a primer + Ecosphere + Wiley Online Library + 2019 + 10 + 8 + https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2825 + 10.1002/ecs2.2825 + e02825 + + + + + + + FreymanWilliam A + MastersLinda A + PackardStephen + + The universal floristic quality assessment (FQA) calculator: An online tool for ecological assessment and monitoring + Methods in Ecology and Evolution + Wiley Online Library + 2016 + 7 + 3 + https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.12491 + 10.1002/ecs2.2825 + 380 + 383 + + + + +
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