diff --git a/.rubocop_todo.yml b/.rubocop_todo.yml
index db04a52e171..6f3bbb554b3 100644
--- a/.rubocop_todo.yml
+++ b/.rubocop_todo.yml
@@ -368,84 +368,6 @@ Rails/ApplicationMailer:
   Exclude:
     - 'app/mailers/spree/base_mailer.rb'
 
-# Offense count: 73
-# Cop supports --auto-correct.
-Rails/ApplicationRecord:
-  Exclude:
-    - 'app/models/adjustment_metadata.rb'
-    - 'app/models/column_preference.rb'
-    - 'app/models/coordinator_fee.rb'
-    - 'app/models/customer.rb'
-    - 'app/models/distributor_shipping_method.rb'
-    - 'app/models/enterprise.rb'
-    - 'app/models/enterprise_fee.rb'
-    - 'app/models/enterprise_group.rb'
-    - 'app/models/enterprise_relationship.rb'
-    - 'app/models/enterprise_relationship_permission.rb'
-    - 'app/models/enterprise_role.rb'
-    - 'app/models/exchange.rb'
-    - 'app/models/exchange_fee.rb'
-    - 'app/models/exchange_variant.rb'
-    - 'app/models/inventory_item.rb'
-    - 'app/models/order_cycle.rb'
-    - 'app/models/order_cycle_schedule.rb'
-    - 'app/models/producer_property.rb'
-    - 'app/models/proxy_order.rb'
-    - 'app/models/schedule.rb'
-    - 'app/models/spree/address.rb'
-    - 'app/models/spree/adjustment.rb'
-    - 'app/models/spree/asset.rb'
-    - 'app/models/spree/calculator.rb'
-    - 'app/models/spree/classification.rb'
-    - 'app/models/spree/country.rb'
-    - 'app/models/spree/credit_card.rb'
-    - 'app/models/spree/inventory_unit.rb'
-    - 'app/models/spree/line_item.rb'
-    - 'app/models/spree/log_entry.rb'
-    - 'app/models/spree/option_type.rb'
-    - 'app/models/spree/option_value.rb'
-    - 'app/models/spree/option_values_line_item.rb'
-    - 'app/models/spree/order.rb'
-    - 'app/models/spree/order/checkout.rb'
-    - 'app/models/spree/payment.rb'
-    - 'app/models/spree/payment/processing.rb'
-    - 'app/models/spree/payment_method.rb'
-    - 'app/models/spree/paypal_express_checkout.rb'
-    - 'app/models/spree/preference.rb'
-    - 'app/models/spree/price.rb'
-    - 'app/models/spree/product.rb'
-    - 'app/models/spree/product_option_type.rb'
-    - 'app/models/spree/product_property.rb'
-    - 'app/models/spree/property.rb'
-    - 'app/models/spree/return_authorization.rb'
-    - 'app/models/spree/role.rb'
-    - 'app/models/spree/shipment.rb'
-    - 'app/models/spree/shipping_category.rb'
-    - 'app/models/spree/shipping_method.rb'
-    - 'app/models/spree/shipping_method_category.rb'
-    - 'app/models/spree/shipping_rate.rb'
-    - 'app/models/spree/state.rb'
-    - 'app/models/spree/state_change.rb'
-    - 'app/models/spree/stock_item.rb'
-    - 'app/models/spree/stock_location.rb'
-    - 'app/models/spree/stock_movement.rb'
-    - 'app/models/spree/tax_category.rb'
-    - 'app/models/spree/tax_rate.rb'
-    - 'app/models/spree/taxon.rb'
-    - 'app/models/spree/taxonomy.rb'
-    - 'app/models/spree/tokenized_permission.rb'
-    - 'app/models/spree/user.rb'
-    - 'app/models/spree/variant.rb'
-    - 'app/models/spree/zone.rb'
-    - 'app/models/spree/zone_member.rb'
-    - 'app/models/stripe_account.rb'
-    - 'app/models/subscription.rb'
-    - 'app/models/subscription_line_item.rb'
-    - 'app/models/tag_rule.rb'
-    - 'app/models/variant_override.rb'
-    - 'lib/tasks/data/remove_transient_data.rb'
-    - 'spec/models/spree/preferences/preferable_spec.rb'
-
 # Offense count: 3
 # Cop supports --auto-correct.
 # Configuration parameters: NilOrEmpty, NotPresent, UnlessPresent.
diff --git a/app/models/adjustment_metadata.rb b/app/models/adjustment_metadata.rb
index d8315a3c71a..c282368acad 100644
--- a/app/models/adjustment_metadata.rb
+++ b/app/models/adjustment_metadata.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-class AdjustmentMetadata < ActiveRecord::Base
+class AdjustmentMetadata < ApplicationRecord
   belongs_to :adjustment, class_name: 'Spree::Adjustment'
   belongs_to :enterprise
 end
diff --git a/app/models/application_record.rb b/app/models/application_record.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e4478b15594
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/models/application_record.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+class ApplicationRecord < ActiveRecord::Base
+  include DelegateBelongsTo
+  include Spree::Core::Permalinks
+  include Spree::Preferences::Preferable
+
+  self.abstract_class = true
+end
diff --git a/app/models/column_preference.rb b/app/models/column_preference.rb
index ae5cdd91279..0b608315416 100644
--- a/app/models/column_preference.rb
+++ b/app/models/column_preference.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 require 'open_food_network/column_preference_defaults'
 
-class ColumnPreference < ActiveRecord::Base
+class ColumnPreference < ApplicationRecord
   extend OpenFoodNetwork::ColumnPreferenceDefaults
 
   # Non-persisted attributes that only have one
diff --git a/app/models/coordinator_fee.rb b/app/models/coordinator_fee.rb
index f15a1941587..92238cbebef 100644
--- a/app/models/coordinator_fee.rb
+++ b/app/models/coordinator_fee.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-class CoordinatorFee < ActiveRecord::Base
+class CoordinatorFee < ApplicationRecord
   belongs_to :order_cycle
   belongs_to :enterprise_fee
 end
diff --git a/app/models/customer.rb b/app/models/customer.rb
index 71025435ffa..e128bde4916 100644
--- a/app/models/customer.rb
+++ b/app/models/customer.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-class Customer < ActiveRecord::Base
+class Customer < ApplicationRecord
   acts_as_taggable
 
   belongs_to :enterprise
diff --git a/app/models/distributor_shipping_method.rb b/app/models/distributor_shipping_method.rb
index 5c69cefbc04..87aba1b139c 100644
--- a/app/models/distributor_shipping_method.rb
+++ b/app/models/distributor_shipping_method.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-class DistributorShippingMethod < ActiveRecord::Base
+class DistributorShippingMethod < ApplicationRecord
   self.table_name = "distributors_shipping_methods"
   belongs_to :shipping_method, class_name: "Spree::ShippingMethod", touch: true
   belongs_to :distributor, class_name: "Enterprise", touch: true
diff --git a/app/models/enterprise.rb b/app/models/enterprise.rb
index 135358fdc7b..5acfd8d3a94 100644
--- a/app/models/enterprise.rb
+++ b/app/models/enterprise.rb
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 require 'spree/core/s3_support'
 
-class Enterprise < ActiveRecord::Base
+class Enterprise < ApplicationRecord
   SELLS = %w(unspecified none own any).freeze
   ENTERPRISE_SEARCH_RADIUS = 100
 
diff --git a/app/models/enterprise_fee.rb b/app/models/enterprise_fee.rb
index 6406ad68688..ff173835985 100644
--- a/app/models/enterprise_fee.rb
+++ b/app/models/enterprise_fee.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-class EnterpriseFee < ActiveRecord::Base
+class EnterpriseFee < ApplicationRecord
   include Spree::Core::CalculatedAdjustments
 
   acts_as_paranoid
diff --git a/app/models/enterprise_group.rb b/app/models/enterprise_group.rb
index b2bbfba1984..cde5d60e7c8 100644
--- a/app/models/enterprise_group.rb
+++ b/app/models/enterprise_group.rb
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 require 'open_food_network/permalink_generator'
 require 'spree/core/s3_support'
 
-class EnterpriseGroup < ActiveRecord::Base
+class EnterpriseGroup < ApplicationRecord
   include PermalinkGenerator
   acts_as_list
 
diff --git a/app/models/enterprise_relationship.rb b/app/models/enterprise_relationship.rb
index 3aa98751230..87e745f3c45 100644
--- a/app/models/enterprise_relationship.rb
+++ b/app/models/enterprise_relationship.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
-class EnterpriseRelationship < ActiveRecord::Base
+class EnterpriseRelationship < ApplicationRecord
   belongs_to :parent, class_name: 'Enterprise', touch: true
   belongs_to :child, class_name: 'Enterprise', touch: true
   has_many :permissions, class_name: 'EnterpriseRelationshipPermission', dependent: :destroy
diff --git a/app/models/enterprise_relationship_permission.rb b/app/models/enterprise_relationship_permission.rb
index 5bd40bf70c3..55d70d57a8b 100644
--- a/app/models/enterprise_relationship_permission.rb
+++ b/app/models/enterprise_relationship_permission.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-class EnterpriseRelationshipPermission < ActiveRecord::Base
+class EnterpriseRelationshipPermission < ApplicationRecord
   default_scope { order('name') }
 end
diff --git a/app/models/enterprise_role.rb b/app/models/enterprise_role.rb
index 773cb6013ca..72071eb69ee 100644
--- a/app/models/enterprise_role.rb
+++ b/app/models/enterprise_role.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-class EnterpriseRole < ActiveRecord::Base
+class EnterpriseRole < ApplicationRecord
   belongs_to :user, class_name: Spree.user_class.to_s
   belongs_to :enterprise
 
diff --git a/app/models/exchange.rb b/app/models/exchange.rb
index 282173e622a..a05e7cb2018 100644
--- a/app/models/exchange.rb
+++ b/app/models/exchange.rb
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 # in its shopfront. Any incoming product can be selected to be shown in the
 # shopfront (outgoing products). But the set of shown products can be smaller
 # than all incoming products.
-class Exchange < ActiveRecord::Base
+class Exchange < ApplicationRecord
   acts_as_taggable
 
   belongs_to :order_cycle
diff --git a/app/models/exchange_fee.rb b/app/models/exchange_fee.rb
index ff9f12e8ddf..7d9fa492693 100644
--- a/app/models/exchange_fee.rb
+++ b/app/models/exchange_fee.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-class ExchangeFee < ActiveRecord::Base
+class ExchangeFee < ApplicationRecord
   belongs_to :exchange
   belongs_to :enterprise_fee
 end
diff --git a/app/models/exchange_variant.rb b/app/models/exchange_variant.rb
index 69e7bec7bae..01b792734e7 100644
--- a/app/models/exchange_variant.rb
+++ b/app/models/exchange_variant.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-class ExchangeVariant < ActiveRecord::Base
+class ExchangeVariant < ApplicationRecord
   belongs_to :exchange
   belongs_to :variant, class_name: 'Spree::Variant'
 end
diff --git a/app/models/inventory_item.rb b/app/models/inventory_item.rb
index 186f87522f7..91ba0f6d10c 100644
--- a/app/models/inventory_item.rb
+++ b/app/models/inventory_item.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-class InventoryItem < ActiveRecord::Base
+class InventoryItem < ApplicationRecord
   belongs_to :enterprise
   belongs_to :variant, class_name: "Spree::Variant"
 
diff --git a/app/models/order_cycle.rb b/app/models/order_cycle.rb
index 91230b3aec5..37073c3628b 100644
--- a/app/models/order_cycle.rb
+++ b/app/models/order_cycle.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 require 'open_food_network/scope_variant_to_hub'
 
-class OrderCycle < ActiveRecord::Base
+class OrderCycle < ApplicationRecord
   belongs_to :coordinator, class_name: 'Enterprise'
 
   has_many :coordinator_fee_refs, class_name: 'CoordinatorFee'
diff --git a/app/models/order_cycle_schedule.rb b/app/models/order_cycle_schedule.rb
index bff4da5fc3d..b3087cf11bb 100644
--- a/app/models/order_cycle_schedule.rb
+++ b/app/models/order_cycle_schedule.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
-class OrderCycleSchedule < ActiveRecord::Base
+class OrderCycleSchedule < ApplicationRecord
   belongs_to :schedule
   belongs_to :order_cycle
 end
diff --git a/app/models/producer_property.rb b/app/models/producer_property.rb
index 278118871d8..1d3ba6eb0e2 100644
--- a/app/models/producer_property.rb
+++ b/app/models/producer_property.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-class ProducerProperty < ActiveRecord::Base
+class ProducerProperty < ApplicationRecord
   belongs_to :producer, class_name: 'Enterprise', touch: true
   belongs_to :property, class_name: 'Spree::Property'
 
diff --git a/app/models/proxy_order.rb b/app/models/proxy_order.rb
index bece28a65dc..c58d58528f4 100644
--- a/app/models/proxy_order.rb
+++ b/app/models/proxy_order.rb
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 # Proxy pattern allows for deferral of initialization until absolutely required
 # This reduces the need to keep Orders in sync with their parent Subscriptions
 
-class ProxyOrder < ActiveRecord::Base
+class ProxyOrder < ApplicationRecord
   belongs_to :order, class_name: 'Spree::Order', dependent: :destroy
   belongs_to :subscription
   belongs_to :order_cycle
diff --git a/app/models/schedule.rb b/app/models/schedule.rb
index 9450b160b5a..1a11305ede0 100644
--- a/app/models/schedule.rb
+++ b/app/models/schedule.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-class Schedule < ActiveRecord::Base
+class Schedule < ApplicationRecord
   has_paper_trail meta: { custom_data: proc { |schedule| schedule.order_cycle_ids.to_s } }
 
   has_many :order_cycle_schedules, dependent: :destroy
diff --git a/app/models/spree/address.rb b/app/models/spree/address.rb
index 855cfa67d1e..061f55f1dcb 100644
--- a/app/models/spree/address.rb
+++ b/app/models/spree/address.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 module Spree
-  class Address < ActiveRecord::Base
+  class Address < ApplicationRecord
     include AddressDisplay
 
     belongs_to :country, class_name: "Spree::Country"
diff --git a/app/models/spree/adjustment.rb b/app/models/spree/adjustment.rb
index fbdb0a86975..405775474e2 100644
--- a/app/models/spree/adjustment.rb
+++ b/app/models/spree/adjustment.rb
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 # total. This allows an adjustment to be preserved if it becomes ineligible so
 # it might be reinstated.
 module Spree
-  class Adjustment < ActiveRecord::Base
+  class Adjustment < ApplicationRecord
     extend Spree::LocalizedNumber
 
     # Deletion of metadata is handled in the database.
diff --git a/app/models/spree/asset.rb b/app/models/spree/asset.rb
index d5eb00d506e..168435c12fe 100644
--- a/app/models/spree/asset.rb
+++ b/app/models/spree/asset.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 module Spree
-  class Asset < ActiveRecord::Base
+  class Asset < ApplicationRecord
     belongs_to :viewable, polymorphic: true, touch: true
     acts_as_list scope: :viewable
   end
diff --git a/app/models/spree/calculator.rb b/app/models/spree/calculator.rb
index 40bea838f52..fa7880f3ecc 100644
--- a/app/models/spree/calculator.rb
+++ b/app/models/spree/calculator.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 module Spree
-  class Calculator < ActiveRecord::Base
+  class Calculator < ApplicationRecord
     belongs_to :calculable, polymorphic: true
 
     # This method must be overriden in concrete calculator.
diff --git a/app/models/spree/classification.rb b/app/models/spree/classification.rb
index b4e78214a36..696595a033c 100644
--- a/app/models/spree/classification.rb
+++ b/app/models/spree/classification.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 module Spree
-  class Classification < ActiveRecord::Base
+  class Classification < ApplicationRecord
     self.table_name = 'spree_products_taxons'
     belongs_to :product, class_name: "Spree::Product", touch: true
     belongs_to :taxon, class_name: "Spree::Taxon", touch: true
diff --git a/app/models/spree/country.rb b/app/models/spree/country.rb
index e0a69f3ae6c..ee949685569 100644
--- a/app/models/spree/country.rb
+++ b/app/models/spree/country.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 module Spree
-  class Country < ActiveRecord::Base
+  class Country < ApplicationRecord
     has_many :states, -> { order('name ASC') }
 
     validates :name, :iso_name, presence: true
diff --git a/app/models/spree/credit_card.rb b/app/models/spree/credit_card.rb
index 5a4efea485c..ef51c4898b4 100644
--- a/app/models/spree/credit_card.rb
+++ b/app/models/spree/credit_card.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 module Spree
-  class CreditCard < ActiveRecord::Base
+  class CreditCard < ApplicationRecord
     belongs_to :payment_method
     belongs_to :user
 
diff --git a/app/models/spree/inventory_unit.rb b/app/models/spree/inventory_unit.rb
index f0acfc10ea6..7bad1f998ca 100644
--- a/app/models/spree/inventory_unit.rb
+++ b/app/models/spree/inventory_unit.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 module Spree
-  class InventoryUnit < ActiveRecord::Base
+  class InventoryUnit < ApplicationRecord
     belongs_to :variant, -> { with_deleted }, class_name: "Spree::Variant"
     belongs_to :order, class_name: "Spree::Order"
     belongs_to :shipment, class_name: "Spree::Shipment"
diff --git a/app/models/spree/line_item.rb b/app/models/spree/line_item.rb
index 5e32be41f39..97cd7dd8883 100644
--- a/app/models/spree/line_item.rb
+++ b/app/models/spree/line_item.rb
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 require 'variant_units/variant_and_line_item_naming'
 
 module Spree
-  class LineItem < ActiveRecord::Base
+  class LineItem < ApplicationRecord
     include VariantUnits::VariantAndLineItemNaming
     include LineItemStockChanges
 
diff --git a/app/models/spree/log_entry.rb b/app/models/spree/log_entry.rb
index 85b65fe8e7f..449df8c4ecf 100644
--- a/app/models/spree/log_entry.rb
+++ b/app/models/spree/log_entry.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 module Spree
-  class LogEntry < ActiveRecord::Base
+  class LogEntry < ApplicationRecord
     belongs_to :source, polymorphic: true
 
     # Fix for Spree #1767
diff --git a/app/models/spree/option_type.rb b/app/models/spree/option_type.rb
index 91b65c97bb9..3c03976ec3d 100644
--- a/app/models/spree/option_type.rb
+++ b/app/models/spree/option_type.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 module Spree
-  class OptionType < ActiveRecord::Base
+  class OptionType < ApplicationRecord
     has_many :products, through: :product_option_types
     has_many :option_values, -> { order(:position) }, dependent: :destroy
     has_many :product_option_types, dependent: :destroy
diff --git a/app/models/spree/option_value.rb b/app/models/spree/option_value.rb
index b21eed19ba6..f03301a5e5e 100644
--- a/app/models/spree/option_value.rb
+++ b/app/models/spree/option_value.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 module Spree
-  class OptionValue < ActiveRecord::Base
+  class OptionValue < ApplicationRecord
     belongs_to :option_type
     acts_as_list scope: :option_type
     has_and_belongs_to_many :variants, join_table: 'spree_option_values_variants',
diff --git a/app/models/spree/option_values_line_item.rb b/app/models/spree/option_values_line_item.rb
index 4f1ab992a81..0b6632e7e3b 100644
--- a/app/models/spree/option_values_line_item.rb
+++ b/app/models/spree/option_values_line_item.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 module Spree
-  class OptionValuesLineItem < ActiveRecord::Base
+  class OptionValuesLineItem < ApplicationRecord
     belongs_to :line_item, class_name: 'Spree::LineItem'
     belongs_to :option_value, class_name: 'Spree::OptionValue'
   end
diff --git a/app/models/spree/order.rb b/app/models/spree/order.rb
index ba4e819d000..2a919c54639 100644
--- a/app/models/spree/order.rb
+++ b/app/models/spree/order.rb
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 require 'concerns/order_shipment'
 
 module Spree
-  class Order < ActiveRecord::Base
+  class Order < ApplicationRecord
     prepend OrderShipment
 
     include Checkout
diff --git a/app/models/spree/order/checkout.rb b/app/models/spree/order/checkout.rb
index bcdac0c617a..4d34f091ca2 100644
--- a/app/models/spree/order/checkout.rb
+++ b/app/models/spree/order/checkout.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 module Spree
-  class Order < ActiveRecord::Base
+  class Order < ApplicationRecord
     module Checkout
       def self.included(klass)
         klass.class_eval do
diff --git a/app/models/spree/payment.rb b/app/models/spree/payment.rb
index a94e1ab32d5..d16e428922f 100644
--- a/app/models/spree/payment.rb
+++ b/app/models/spree/payment.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 module Spree
-  class Payment < ActiveRecord::Base
+  class Payment < ApplicationRecord
     include Spree::Payment::Processing
     extend Spree::LocalizedNumber
 
diff --git a/app/models/spree/payment/processing.rb b/app/models/spree/payment/processing.rb
index 9e9c0d959f0..a40a0798dad 100644
--- a/app/models/spree/payment/processing.rb
+++ b/app/models/spree/payment/processing.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 module Spree
-  class Payment < ActiveRecord::Base
+  class Payment < ApplicationRecord
     module Processing
       def process!
         return unless validate!
diff --git a/app/models/spree/payment_method.rb b/app/models/spree/payment_method.rb
index 4204632b91f..c055842951f 100644
--- a/app/models/spree/payment_method.rb
+++ b/app/models/spree/payment_method.rb
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 require 'spree/core/calculated_adjustments'
 
 module Spree
-  class PaymentMethod < ActiveRecord::Base
+  class PaymentMethod < ApplicationRecord
     include Spree::Core::CalculatedAdjustments
     include PaymentMethodDistributors
 
diff --git a/app/models/spree/paypal_express_checkout.rb b/app/models/spree/paypal_express_checkout.rb
index 93e0b0e6d0a..d7965589592 100644
--- a/app/models/spree/paypal_express_checkout.rb
+++ b/app/models/spree/paypal_express_checkout.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 module Spree
-  class PaypalExpressCheckout < ActiveRecord::Base
+  class PaypalExpressCheckout < ApplicationRecord
   end
 end
diff --git a/app/models/spree/preference.rb b/app/models/spree/preference.rb
index b877f460ce3..dfef2a146da 100644
--- a/app/models/spree/preference.rb
+++ b/app/models/spree/preference.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 module Spree
-  class Preference < ActiveRecord::Base
+  class Preference < ApplicationRecord
     serialize :value
 
     validates :key, presence: true
diff --git a/app/models/spree/price.rb b/app/models/spree/price.rb
index 3fbc619bd35..871b7886e3d 100644
--- a/app/models/spree/price.rb
+++ b/app/models/spree/price.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: false
 
 module Spree
-  class Price < ActiveRecord::Base
+  class Price < ApplicationRecord
     acts_as_paranoid without_default_scope: true
 
     belongs_to :variant, -> { with_deleted }, class_name: 'Spree::Variant'
diff --git a/app/models/spree/product.rb b/app/models/spree/product.rb
index 50e909bd4f6..6bd6cbc3dd0 100755
--- a/app/models/spree/product.rb
+++ b/app/models/spree/product.rb
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 # Sum of on_hand each variant's inventory level determine "on_hand" level for the product.
 #
 module Spree
-  class Product < ActiveRecord::Base
+  class Product < ApplicationRecord
     include PermalinkGenerator
     include ProductStock
 
diff --git a/app/models/spree/product_option_type.rb b/app/models/spree/product_option_type.rb
index b02db6a4403..9ef54964809 100644
--- a/app/models/spree/product_option_type.rb
+++ b/app/models/spree/product_option_type.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 module Spree
-  class ProductOptionType < ActiveRecord::Base
+  class ProductOptionType < ApplicationRecord
     after_destroy :remove_option_values
 
     belongs_to :product, class_name: 'Spree::Product'
diff --git a/app/models/spree/product_property.rb b/app/models/spree/product_property.rb
index a86a12f1a92..2f67dbcd9ba 100644
--- a/app/models/spree/product_property.rb
+++ b/app/models/spree/product_property.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 module Spree
-  class ProductProperty < ActiveRecord::Base
+  class ProductProperty < ApplicationRecord
     belongs_to :product, class_name: "Spree::Product", touch: true
     belongs_to :property, class_name: 'Spree::Property'
 
diff --git a/app/models/spree/property.rb b/app/models/spree/property.rb
index 18f24977867..900519aa6c4 100644
--- a/app/models/spree/property.rb
+++ b/app/models/spree/property.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 module Spree
-  class Property < ActiveRecord::Base
+  class Property < ApplicationRecord
     has_many :product_properties, dependent: :destroy
     has_many :products, through: :product_properties
     has_many :producer_properties
diff --git a/app/models/spree/return_authorization.rb b/app/models/spree/return_authorization.rb
index 37394e69d68..0361aaf0819 100644
--- a/app/models/spree/return_authorization.rb
+++ b/app/models/spree/return_authorization.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 module Spree
-  class ReturnAuthorization < ActiveRecord::Base
+  class ReturnAuthorization < ApplicationRecord
     acts_as_paranoid
 
     belongs_to :order, class_name: 'Spree::Order', inverse_of: :return_authorizations
diff --git a/app/models/spree/role.rb b/app/models/spree/role.rb
index 1c8f575835e..01b67044325 100644
--- a/app/models/spree/role.rb
+++ b/app/models/spree/role.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 module Spree
-  class Role < ActiveRecord::Base
+  class Role < ApplicationRecord
     has_and_belongs_to_many :users, join_table: 'spree_roles_users',
                                     class_name: Spree.user_class.to_s
   end
diff --git a/app/models/spree/shipment.rb b/app/models/spree/shipment.rb
index 9dff6d6cac6..b5f7516f064 100644
--- a/app/models/spree/shipment.rb
+++ b/app/models/spree/shipment.rb
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 require 'ostruct'
 
 module Spree
-  class Shipment < ActiveRecord::Base
+  class Shipment < ApplicationRecord
     belongs_to :order, class_name: 'Spree::Order'
     belongs_to :address, class_name: 'Spree::Address'
     belongs_to :stock_location, class_name: 'Spree::StockLocation'
diff --git a/app/models/spree/shipping_category.rb b/app/models/spree/shipping_category.rb
index b28031d026d..6bbfb7f603e 100644
--- a/app/models/spree/shipping_category.rb
+++ b/app/models/spree/shipping_category.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 module Spree
-  class ShippingCategory < ActiveRecord::Base
+  class ShippingCategory < ApplicationRecord
     validates :name, presence: true
     has_many :products
     has_many :shipping_method_categories, inverse_of: :shipping_method
diff --git a/app/models/spree/shipping_method.rb b/app/models/spree/shipping_method.rb
index a910bf55ef4..efff8c56bc0 100644
--- a/app/models/spree/shipping_method.rb
+++ b/app/models/spree/shipping_method.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 module Spree
-  class ShippingMethod < ActiveRecord::Base
+  class ShippingMethod < ApplicationRecord
     include Spree::Core::CalculatedAdjustments
     DISPLAY = [:both, :front_end, :back_end].freeze
 
diff --git a/app/models/spree/shipping_method_category.rb b/app/models/spree/shipping_method_category.rb
index e8fa1498ffb..0a32c66125a 100644
--- a/app/models/spree/shipping_method_category.rb
+++ b/app/models/spree/shipping_method_category.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 module Spree
-  class ShippingMethodCategory < ActiveRecord::Base
+  class ShippingMethodCategory < ApplicationRecord
     belongs_to :shipping_method, class_name: 'Spree::ShippingMethod'
     belongs_to :shipping_category, class_name: 'Spree::ShippingCategory',
                                    inverse_of: :shipping_method_categories
diff --git a/app/models/spree/shipping_rate.rb b/app/models/spree/shipping_rate.rb
index 31fcec4c055..710a8a25b4d 100644
--- a/app/models/spree/shipping_rate.rb
+++ b/app/models/spree/shipping_rate.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 module Spree
-  class ShippingRate < ActiveRecord::Base
+  class ShippingRate < ApplicationRecord
     belongs_to :shipment, class_name: 'Spree::Shipment'
     belongs_to :shipping_method, class_name: 'Spree::ShippingMethod', inverse_of: :shipping_rates
 
diff --git a/app/models/spree/state.rb b/app/models/spree/state.rb
index 7b3c5ff057d..55bd4b5ae62 100644
--- a/app/models/spree/state.rb
+++ b/app/models/spree/state.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 module Spree
-  class State < ActiveRecord::Base
+  class State < ApplicationRecord
     belongs_to :country, class_name: 'Spree::Country'
 
     validates :country, :name, presence: true
diff --git a/app/models/spree/state_change.rb b/app/models/spree/state_change.rb
index 9f527770952..0e770096b55 100644
--- a/app/models/spree/state_change.rb
+++ b/app/models/spree/state_change.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 module Spree
-  class StateChange < ActiveRecord::Base
+  class StateChange < ApplicationRecord
     belongs_to :user
     belongs_to :stateful, polymorphic: true
     before_create :assign_user
diff --git a/app/models/spree/stock_item.rb b/app/models/spree/stock_item.rb
index 128a0e9cbe0..96950899b2c 100644
--- a/app/models/spree/stock_item.rb
+++ b/app/models/spree/stock_item.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 module Spree
-  class StockItem < ActiveRecord::Base
+  class StockItem < ApplicationRecord
     acts_as_paranoid
 
     belongs_to :stock_location, class_name: 'Spree::StockLocation', inverse_of: :stock_items
diff --git a/app/models/spree/stock_location.rb b/app/models/spree/stock_location.rb
index e0da35e6855..7cf9e26d518 100644
--- a/app/models/spree/stock_location.rb
+++ b/app/models/spree/stock_location.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 module Spree
-  class StockLocation < ActiveRecord::Base
+  class StockLocation < ApplicationRecord
     has_many :stock_items, dependent: :delete_all, inverse_of: :stock_location
     has_many :stock_movements, through: :stock_items
 
diff --git a/app/models/spree/stock_movement.rb b/app/models/spree/stock_movement.rb
index f435ed1f506..1409c8a606f 100644
--- a/app/models/spree/stock_movement.rb
+++ b/app/models/spree/stock_movement.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 module Spree
-  class StockMovement < ActiveRecord::Base
+  class StockMovement < ApplicationRecord
     belongs_to :stock_item, class_name: 'Spree::StockItem'
     belongs_to :originator, polymorphic: true
 
diff --git a/app/models/spree/tax_category.rb b/app/models/spree/tax_category.rb
index 864e97e53a2..c69a744cee4 100644
--- a/app/models/spree/tax_category.rb
+++ b/app/models/spree/tax_category.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 module Spree
-  class TaxCategory < ActiveRecord::Base
+  class TaxCategory < ApplicationRecord
     acts_as_paranoid
     validates :name, presence: true, uniqueness: { scope: :deleted_at }
 
diff --git a/app/models/spree/tax_rate.rb b/app/models/spree/tax_rate.rb
index 5d90c1d7bcb..cce477b29d9 100644
--- a/app/models/spree/tax_rate.rb
+++ b/app/models/spree/tax_rate.rb
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ def validate(record)
 end
 
 module Spree
-  class TaxRate < ActiveRecord::Base
+  class TaxRate < ApplicationRecord
     acts_as_paranoid
     include Spree::Core::CalculatedAdjustments
     belongs_to :zone, class_name: "Spree::Zone", inverse_of: :tax_rates
diff --git a/app/models/spree/taxon.rb b/app/models/spree/taxon.rb
index 4e29c068ce6..2c9b3177da1 100644
--- a/app/models/spree/taxon.rb
+++ b/app/models/spree/taxon.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 module Spree
-  class Taxon < ActiveRecord::Base
+  class Taxon < ApplicationRecord
     acts_as_nested_set dependent: :destroy
 
     belongs_to :taxonomy, class_name: 'Spree::Taxonomy', touch: true
diff --git a/app/models/spree/taxonomy.rb b/app/models/spree/taxonomy.rb
index f4e45765051..11364fda0c9 100644
--- a/app/models/spree/taxonomy.rb
+++ b/app/models/spree/taxonomy.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 module Spree
-  class Taxonomy < ActiveRecord::Base
+  class Taxonomy < ApplicationRecord
     validates :name, presence: true
 
     has_many :taxons
diff --git a/app/models/spree/tokenized_permission.rb b/app/models/spree/tokenized_permission.rb
index 58c5882c3a6..e2d5329dec2 100644
--- a/app/models/spree/tokenized_permission.rb
+++ b/app/models/spree/tokenized_permission.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 module Spree
-  class TokenizedPermission < ActiveRecord::Base
+  class TokenizedPermission < ApplicationRecord
     belongs_to :permissable, polymorphic: true
   end
 end
diff --git a/app/models/spree/user.rb b/app/models/spree/user.rb
index a2982181e75..372a29bf29b 100644
--- a/app/models/spree/user.rb
+++ b/app/models/spree/user.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 module Spree
-  class User < ActiveRecord::Base
+  class User < ApplicationRecord
     devise :database_authenticatable, :token_authenticatable, :registerable, :recoverable,
            :rememberable, :trackable, :validatable,
            :encryptable, :confirmable, encryptor: 'authlogic_sha512', reconfirmable: true
diff --git a/app/models/spree/variant.rb b/app/models/spree/variant.rb
index d4f3c3aadea..8268d783369 100644
--- a/app/models/spree/variant.rb
+++ b/app/models/spree/variant.rb
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 require 'spree/localized_number'
 
 module Spree
-  class Variant < ActiveRecord::Base
+  class Variant < ApplicationRecord
     extend Spree::LocalizedNumber
     include VariantUnits::VariantAndLineItemNaming
     include VariantStock
diff --git a/app/models/spree/zone.rb b/app/models/spree/zone.rb
index b2dd4bf69a4..db5286c9bd8 100644
--- a/app/models/spree/zone.rb
+++ b/app/models/spree/zone.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 module Spree
-  class Zone < ActiveRecord::Base
+  class Zone < ApplicationRecord
     has_many :zone_members, dependent: :destroy, class_name: "Spree::ZoneMember", inverse_of: :zone
     has_many :tax_rates, dependent: :destroy, inverse_of: :zone
     has_and_belongs_to_many :shipping_methods, join_table: 'spree_shipping_methods_zones'
diff --git a/app/models/spree/zone_member.rb b/app/models/spree/zone_member.rb
index 46c6c4c43bf..45a28efebda 100644
--- a/app/models/spree/zone_member.rb
+++ b/app/models/spree/zone_member.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 module Spree
-  class ZoneMember < ActiveRecord::Base
+  class ZoneMember < ApplicationRecord
     belongs_to :zone, class_name: 'Spree::Zone', counter_cache: true, inverse_of: :zone_members
     belongs_to :zoneable, polymorphic: true
 
diff --git a/app/models/stripe_account.rb b/app/models/stripe_account.rb
index 1b2840ffe6d..2065bc14ecf 100644
--- a/app/models/stripe_account.rb
+++ b/app/models/stripe_account.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-class StripeAccount < ActiveRecord::Base
+class StripeAccount < ApplicationRecord
   belongs_to :enterprise
   validates :stripe_user_id, :stripe_publishable_key, presence: true
   validates :enterprise_id, uniqueness: true
diff --git a/app/models/subscription.rb b/app/models/subscription.rb
index dbb5a8bf23c..c8f6901816a 100644
--- a/app/models/subscription.rb
+++ b/app/models/subscription.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-class Subscription < ActiveRecord::Base
+class Subscription < ApplicationRecord
   ALLOWED_PAYMENT_METHOD_TYPES = ["Spree::PaymentMethod::Check",
                                   "Spree::Gateway::StripeConnect",
                                   "Spree::Gateway::StripeSCA"].freeze
diff --git a/app/models/subscription_line_item.rb b/app/models/subscription_line_item.rb
index 9c04dc9a76b..795d5996cec 100644
--- a/app/models/subscription_line_item.rb
+++ b/app/models/subscription_line_item.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-class SubscriptionLineItem < ActiveRecord::Base
+class SubscriptionLineItem < ApplicationRecord
   belongs_to :subscription, inverse_of: :subscription_line_items
   belongs_to :variant, -> { with_deleted }, class_name: 'Spree::Variant'
 
diff --git a/app/models/tag_rule.rb b/app/models/tag_rule.rb
index 404c449e501..6f61d4a31a0 100644
--- a/app/models/tag_rule.rb
+++ b/app/models/tag_rule.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-class TagRule < ActiveRecord::Base
+class TagRule < ApplicationRecord
   belongs_to :enterprise
 
   preference :customer_tags, :string, default: ""
diff --git a/app/models/variant_override.rb b/app/models/variant_override.rb
index 6836eb4afd8..9fd26b1ed4d 100644
--- a/app/models/variant_override.rb
+++ b/app/models/variant_override.rb
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 require 'spree/localized_number'
 
-class VariantOverride < ActiveRecord::Base
+class VariantOverride < ApplicationRecord
   extend Spree::LocalizedNumber
   include StockSettingsOverrideValidation
 
diff --git a/config/application.rb b/config/application.rb
index 1dd47734afa..0996f747474 100644
--- a/config/application.rb
+++ b/config/application.rb
@@ -39,10 +39,6 @@ class Application < Rails::Application
       Spree::Config = app.config.spree.preferences # legacy access
     end
 
-    initializer "spree.load_preferences", before: "spree.environment" do
-      ::ActiveRecord::Base.include Spree::Preferences::Preferable
-    end
-
     initializer "spree.register.payment_methods" do |app|
       app.config.spree.payment_methods = [
         Spree::Gateway::Bogus,
diff --git a/lib/spree/core/delegate_belongs_to.rb b/lib/spree/core/delegate_belongs_to.rb
index 6c96134b1e8..f2e4fda7700 100644
--- a/lib/spree/core/delegate_belongs_to.rb
+++ b/lib/spree/core/delegate_belongs_to.rb
@@ -90,5 +90,3 @@ def delegator_for(association)
   end
   protected :delegator_for
 end
-
-ActiveRecord::Base.include(DelegateBelongsTo)
diff --git a/lib/spree/core/permalinks.rb b/lib/spree/core/permalinks.rb
index b9d8a832749..b667de7b2c0 100644
--- a/lib/spree/core/permalinks.rb
+++ b/lib/spree/core/permalinks.rb
@@ -23,14 +23,6 @@ def make_permalink(options = {})
           before_validation(on: :create) { save_permalink }
         end
 
-        def find_by_param(value, *args)
-          __send__("find_by_#{permalink_field}", value, *args)
-        end
-
-        def find_by_param!(value, *args)
-          __send__("find_by_#{permalink_field}!", value, *args)
-        end
-
         def permalink_field
           permalink_options[:field]
         end
@@ -70,6 +62,3 @@ def save_permalink(permalink_value = to_param)
     end
   end
 end
-
-ActiveRecord::Base.include(Spree::Core::Permalinks)
-ActiveRecord::Relation.include(Spree::Core::Permalinks)
diff --git a/spec/models/spree/preferences/preferable_spec.rb b/spec/models/spree/preferences/preferable_spec.rb
index b355ba415cb..8b7edba9f07 100644
--- a/spec/models/spree/preferences/preferable_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/spree/preferences/preferable_spec.rb
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ def self.down
       ActiveRecord::Migration.verbose = false
       CreatePrefTest.migrate(:up)
 
-      class PrefTest < ActiveRecord::Base
+      class PrefTest < ApplicationRecord
         preference :pref_test_pref, :string, default: 'abc'
         preference :pref_test_any, :any, default: []
       end