Allow to pass schema_url when requesting meter and logger

[lmolkova]

follow-up on #3251

#3251 (comment)
#3251 (comment)

According to the spec schema_url can be provided as parameter when getting a meter or a logger

While otel-api in python supports providing schema_url on metrics and logs, some overloads don't support it:

opentelemetry-python/opentelemetry-api/src/opentelemetry/metrics/_internal/__init__.py

Lines 718 to 722 in c8e5c3e

	def get_meter(
	name: str,
	version: str = "",
	meter_provider: Optional[MeterProvider] = None,
	) -> "Meter":

or

opentelemetry-python/opentelemetry-api/src/opentelemetry/_logs/_internal/__init__.py

Lines 214 to 218 in c8e5c3e

	def get_logger(
	instrumenting_module_name: str,
	instrumenting_library_version: str = "",
	logger_provider: Optional[LoggerProvider] = None,
	) -> "Logger":

while the same overload on traces takes schema_url

opentelemetry-python/opentelemetry-api/src/opentelemetry/trace/__init__.py

Lines 493 to 498 in c8e5c3e

	def get_tracer(
	instrumenting_module_name: str,
	instrumenting_library_version: typing.Optional[str] = None,
	tracer_provider: Optional[TracerProvider] = None,
	schema_url: typing.Optional[str] = None,
	) -> "Tracer":

Is your feature request related to a problem?

With a lot of recent changes in OTel semconv, populating schema_url is essential for backends to understand telemetry, but many instrumentation libraries do not populate it
https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-python-contrib/pull/1746/files

Describe the solution you'd like
Add schema_url as parameter on convenience get_meter and get_logger methods