diff --git a/.chloggen/ottl-rename-trace-context.yaml b/.chloggen/ottl-rename-trace-context.yaml
new file mode 100755
index 000000000000..9ea35d73861d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.chloggen/ottl-rename-trace-context.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# One of 'breaking', 'deprecation', 'new_component', 'enhancement', 'bug_fix'
+change_type: breaking
+
+# The name of the component, or a single word describing the area of concern, (e.g. filelogreceiver)
+component: pkg/ottl
+
+# A brief description of the change.  Surround your text with quotes ("") if it needs to start with a backtick (`).
+note: Renames `ottltraces` to `ottlspan`
+
+# One or more tracking issues related to the change
+issues: [16241]
+
+# (Optional) One or more lines of additional information to render under the primary note.
+# These lines will be padded with 2 spaces and then inserted directly into the document.
+# Use pipe (|) for multiline entries.
+subtext:
diff --git a/pkg/ottl/contexts/ottltraces/README.md b/pkg/ottl/contexts/ottlspan/README.md
similarity index 88%
rename from pkg/ottl/contexts/ottltraces/README.md
rename to pkg/ottl/contexts/ottlspan/README.md
index 3fad4379217c..8987cfbf6de1 100644
--- a/pkg/ottl/contexts/ottltraces/README.md
+++ b/pkg/ottl/contexts/ottlspan/README.md
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-# Traces Context
+___# Span Context
 
-The Traces Context is a Context implementation for [pdata Traces](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector/tree/main/pdata/ptrace), the collector's internal representation for OTLP trace data.  This Context should be used when interacted with OTLP traces.
+The Span Context is a Context implementation for [pdata Spans](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector/tree/main/pdata/ptrace), the collector's internal representation for OTLP span data.  This Context should be used when interacted with OTLP spans.
 
 ## Paths
-In general, the Traces Context supports accessing pdata using the field names from the [traces proto](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-proto/blob/main/opentelemetry/proto/trace/v1/trace.proto).  All integers are returned and set via `int64`.  All doubles are returned and set via `float64`.
+In general, the Span Context supports accessing pdata using the field names from the [traces proto](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-proto/blob/main/opentelemetry/proto/trace/v1/trace.proto).  All integers are returned and set via `int64`.  All doubles are returned and set via `float64`.
 
 All TraceIDs and SpanIDs are returned as pdata [SpanID](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector/blob/main/pdata/pcommon/spanid.go) and [TraceID](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector/blob/main/pdata/pcommon/traceid.go) types.  Use the [SpanID function](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/blob/main/pkg/ottl/ottlfuncs/README.md#spanid) and [TraceID function](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/blob/main/pkg/ottl/ottlfuncs/README.md#traceid) when interacting with pdata representations of SpanID and TraceID.  When checking for nil, instead check against an empty byte slice (`SpanID(0x0000000000000000)` and `TraceID(0x00000000000000000000000000000000)`).  
 
@@ -35,4 +35,4 @@ The following fields are the exception.
 
 ## Enums
 
-The Traces Context supports the enum names from the traces proto.
+The Span Context supports the enum names from the [traces proto](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-proto/blob/main/opentelemetry/proto/trace/v1/trace.proto).
diff --git a/pkg/ottl/contexts/ottltraces/traces.go b/pkg/ottl/contexts/ottlspan/span.go
similarity index 96%
rename from pkg/ottl/contexts/ottltraces/traces.go
rename to pkg/ottl/contexts/ottlspan/span.go
index 549221eebcb1..3f30d9ff4943 100644
--- a/pkg/ottl/contexts/ottltraces/traces.go
+++ b/pkg/ottl/contexts/ottlspan/span.go
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-package ottltraces // import "github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/pkg/ottl/contexts/ottltraces"
+package ottlspan // import "github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/pkg/ottl/contexts/ottlspan"
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
diff --git a/pkg/ottl/contexts/ottltraces/traces_test.go b/pkg/ottl/contexts/ottlspan/span_test.go
similarity index 99%
rename from pkg/ottl/contexts/ottltraces/traces_test.go
rename to pkg/ottl/contexts/ottlspan/span_test.go
index 11d1f74d86da..62b5fe4319e0 100644
--- a/pkg/ottl/contexts/ottltraces/traces_test.go
+++ b/pkg/ottl/contexts/ottlspan/span_test.go
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-package ottltraces
+package ottlspan
 
 import (
 	"context"
diff --git a/processor/routingprocessor/traces.go b/processor/routingprocessor/traces.go
index 97206856c938..23f7c6b2ec9b 100644
--- a/processor/routingprocessor/traces.go
+++ b/processor/routingprocessor/traces.go
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ import (
 	"go.uber.org/multierr"
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
 
-	"github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/pkg/ottl/contexts/ottltraces"
+	"github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/pkg/ottl/contexts/ottlspan"
 	"github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/processor/routingprocessor/internal/common"
 )
 
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ type tracesProcessor struct {
 	config *Config
 
 	extractor extractor
-	router    router[component.TracesExporter, ottltraces.TransformContext]
+	router    router[component.TracesExporter, ottlspan.TransformContext]
 }
 
 func newTracesProcessor(settings component.TelemetrySettings, config component.ProcessorConfig) *tracesProcessor {
@@ -44,11 +44,11 @@ func newTracesProcessor(settings component.TelemetrySettings, config component.P
 	return &tracesProcessor{
 		logger: settings.Logger,
 		config: cfg,
-		router: newRouter[component.TracesExporter, ottltraces.TransformContext](
+		router: newRouter[component.TracesExporter, ottlspan.TransformContext](
 			cfg.Table,
 			cfg.DefaultExporters,
 			settings,
-			ottltraces.NewParser(common.Functions[ottltraces.TransformContext](), settings),
+			ottlspan.NewParser(common.Functions[ottlspan.TransformContext](), settings),
 		),
 		extractor: newExtractor(cfg.FromAttribute, settings.Logger),
 	}
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ func (p *tracesProcessor) route(ctx context.Context, t ptrace.Traces) error {
 	var errs error
 	for i := 0; i < t.ResourceSpans().Len(); i++ {
 		rspans := t.ResourceSpans().At(i)
-		stx := ottltraces.NewTransformContext(
+		stx := ottlspan.NewTransformContext(
 			ptrace.Span{},
 			pcommon.InstrumentationScope{},
 			rspans.Resource(),
diff --git a/processor/transformprocessor/README.md b/processor/transformprocessor/README.md
index 4c0141eeb064..aadc8d3b9e19 100644
--- a/processor/transformprocessor/README.md
+++ b/processor/transformprocessor/README.md
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ Valid values for `context` are:
 
 | Signal            | Context Values                                 |
 |-------------------|------------------------------------------------|
-| trace_statements  | `resource`, `scope`, `trace`, and `spanevent`  |
+| trace_statements  | `resource`, `scope`, `span`, and `spanevent`   |
 | metric_statements | `resource`, `scope`, `metric`, and `datapoint` |
 | log_statements    | `resource`, `scope`, and `log`                 |
 
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ The contexts allow the OTTL to interact with the underlying telemetry data in it
 
 - [Resource Context](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/tree/main/pkg/ottl/contexts/ottlresource)
 - [Scope Context](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/tree/main/pkg/ottl/contexts/ottlscope)
-- [Traces Context](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/tree/main/pkg/ottl/contexts/ottltraces)
+- [Span Context](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/tree/main/pkg/ottl/contexts/ottlspan) <!-- markdown-link-check-disable-line -->
 - [SpanEvent Context](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/tree/main/pkg/ottl/contexts/ottlspanevent)
 - [Metric Context](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/tree/main/pkg/ottl/contexts/ottlmetric)
 - [DataPoint Context](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/tree/main/pkg/ottl/contexts/ottldatapoint) <!-- markdown-link-check-disable-line -->
diff --git a/processor/transformprocessor/config.go b/processor/transformprocessor/config.go
index f492efd8ad9c..de290d71cc27 100644
--- a/processor/transformprocessor/config.go
+++ b/processor/transformprocessor/config.go
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/pkg/ottl/contexts/ottldatapoint"
 	"github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/pkg/ottl/contexts/ottllogs"
-	"github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/pkg/ottl/contexts/ottltraces"
+	"github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/pkg/ottl/contexts/ottlspan"
 	"github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/processor/transformprocessor/internal/common"
 	"github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/processor/transformprocessor/internal/logs"
 	"github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/processor/transformprocessor/internal/metrics"
@@ -60,8 +60,8 @@ func (c *Config) Validate() error {
 	}
 
 	if len(c.Traces.Statements) > 0 {
-		ottltracesp := ottltraces.NewParser(traces.Functions(), component.TelemetrySettings{Logger: zap.NewNop()})
-		_, err := ottltracesp.ParseStatements(c.Traces.Statements)
+		ottlspanp := ottlspan.NewParser(traces.Functions(), component.TelemetrySettings{Logger: zap.NewNop()})
+		_, err := ottlspanp.ParseStatements(c.Traces.Statements)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
diff --git a/processor/transformprocessor/config_test.go b/processor/transformprocessor/config_test.go
index f334dc9a6f81..9c9e4d592640 100644
--- a/processor/transformprocessor/config_test.go
+++ b/processor/transformprocessor/config_test.go
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ func TestLoadConfig(t *testing.T) {
 				},
 				TraceStatements: []common.ContextStatements{
 					{
-						Context: "trace",
+						Context: "span",
 						Statements: []string{
 							`set(name, "bear") where attributes["http.path"] == "/animal"`,
 							`keep_keys(attributes, ["http.method", "http.path"])`,
diff --git a/processor/transformprocessor/internal/common/config.go b/processor/transformprocessor/internal/common/config.go
index 75c159703e2f..acf74d374918 100644
--- a/processor/transformprocessor/internal/common/config.go
+++ b/processor/transformprocessor/internal/common/config.go
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ type ContextID string
 const (
 	Resource  ContextID = "resource"
 	Scope     ContextID = "scope"
-	Trace     ContextID = "trace"
+	Span      ContextID = "span"
 	SpanEvent ContextID = "spanevent"
 	Metric    ContextID = "metric"
 	DataPoint ContextID = "datapoint"
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ const (
 func (c *ContextID) UnmarshalText(text []byte) error {
 	str := ContextID(strings.ToLower(string(text)))
 	switch str {
-	case Resource, Scope, Trace, SpanEvent, Metric, DataPoint, Log:
+	case Resource, Scope, Span, SpanEvent, Metric, DataPoint, Log:
 		*c = str
 		return nil
 	default:
diff --git a/processor/transformprocessor/internal/common/traces.go b/processor/transformprocessor/internal/common/traces.go
index aa1f5d3819e5..89c8f57f520c 100644
--- a/processor/transformprocessor/internal/common/traces.go
+++ b/processor/transformprocessor/internal/common/traces.go
@@ -24,13 +24,13 @@ import (
 	"github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/pkg/ottl"
 	"github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/pkg/ottl/contexts/ottlresource"
 	"github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/pkg/ottl/contexts/ottlscope"
+	"github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/pkg/ottl/contexts/ottlspan"
 	"github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/pkg/ottl/contexts/ottlspanevent"
-	"github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/pkg/ottl/contexts/ottltraces"
 )
 
 var _ consumer.Traces = &traceStatements{}
 
-type traceStatements []*ottl.Statement[ottltraces.TransformContext]
+type traceStatements []*ottl.Statement[ottlspan.TransformContext]
 
 func (t traceStatements) Capabilities() consumer.Capabilities {
 	return consumer.Capabilities{
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ func (t traceStatements) ConsumeTraces(ctx context.Context, td ptrace.Traces) er
 			sspans := rspans.ScopeSpans().At(j)
 			spans := sspans.Spans()
 			for k := 0; k < spans.Len(); k++ {
-				tCtx := ottltraces.NewTransformContext(spans.At(k), sspans.Scope(), rspans.Resource())
+				tCtx := ottlspan.NewTransformContext(spans.At(k), sspans.Scope(), rspans.Resource())
 				for _, statement := range t {
 					_, _, err := statement.Execute(ctx, tCtx)
 					if err != nil {
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ func (s spanEventStatements) ConsumeTraces(ctx context.Context, td ptrace.Traces
 
 type TraceParserCollection struct {
 	parserCollection
-	traceParser     ottl.Parser[ottltraces.TransformContext]
+	spanParser      ottl.Parser[ottlspan.TransformContext]
 	spanEventParser ottl.Parser[ottlspanevent.TransformContext]
 }
 
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ func NewTraceParserCollection(functions map[string]interface{}, settings compone
 			resourceParser: ottlresource.NewParser(ResourceFunctions(), settings),
 			scopeParser:    ottlscope.NewParser(ScopeFunctions(), settings),
 		},
-		traceParser: ottltraces.NewParser(functions, settings),
+		spanParser: ottlspan.NewParser(functions, settings),
 	}
 
 	for _, op := range options {
@@ -122,8 +122,8 @@ func NewTraceParserCollection(functions map[string]interface{}, settings compone
 
 func (pc TraceParserCollection) ParseContextStatements(contextStatements ContextStatements) (consumer.Traces, error) {
 	switch contextStatements.Context {
-	case Trace:
-		tStatements, err := pc.traceParser.ParseStatements(contextStatements.Statements)
+	case Span:
+		tStatements, err := pc.spanParser.ParseStatements(contextStatements.Statements)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
diff --git a/processor/transformprocessor/internal/traces/functions.go b/processor/transformprocessor/internal/traces/functions.go
index 2c714d0ef2b0..1d6fe68dc50b 100644
--- a/processor/transformprocessor/internal/traces/functions.go
+++ b/processor/transformprocessor/internal/traces/functions.go
@@ -15,11 +15,11 @@
 package traces // import "github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/processor/transformprocessor/internal/traces"
 
 import (
-	"github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/pkg/ottl/contexts/ottltraces"
+	"github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/pkg/ottl/contexts/ottlspan"
 	"github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/processor/transformprocessor/internal/common"
 )
 
 func Functions() map[string]interface{} {
 	// No trace-only functions yet.
-	return common.Functions[ottltraces.TransformContext]()
+	return common.Functions[ottlspan.TransformContext]()
 }
diff --git a/processor/transformprocessor/internal/traces/functions_test.go b/processor/transformprocessor/internal/traces/functions_test.go
index 1b4e6c748e97..715184d95c01 100644
--- a/processor/transformprocessor/internal/traces/functions_test.go
+++ b/processor/transformprocessor/internal/traces/functions_test.go
@@ -20,12 +20,12 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
-	"github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/pkg/ottl/contexts/ottltraces"
+	"github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/pkg/ottl/contexts/ottlspan"
 	"github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/processor/transformprocessor/internal/common"
 )
 
 func Test_DefaultFunctions(t *testing.T) {
-	expected := common.Functions[ottltraces.TransformContext]()
+	expected := common.Functions[ottlspan.TransformContext]()
 	actual := Functions()
 	require.Equal(t, len(expected), len(actual))
 	for k := range actual {
diff --git a/processor/transformprocessor/internal/traces/processor.go b/processor/transformprocessor/internal/traces/processor.go
index ac6af5cc1403..efae98c2eae8 100644
--- a/processor/transformprocessor/internal/traces/processor.go
+++ b/processor/transformprocessor/internal/traces/processor.go
@@ -22,19 +22,19 @@ import (
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/collector/pdata/ptrace"
 
 	"github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/pkg/ottl"
-	"github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/pkg/ottl/contexts/ottltraces"
+	"github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/pkg/ottl/contexts/ottlspan"
 	"github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/processor/transformprocessor/internal/common"
 )
 
 type Processor struct {
 	contexts []consumer.Traces
 	// Deprecated.  Use contexts instead
-	statements []*ottl.Statement[ottltraces.TransformContext]
+	statements []*ottl.Statement[ottlspan.TransformContext]
 }
 
 func NewProcessor(statements []string, contextStatements []common.ContextStatements, settings component.TelemetrySettings) (*Processor, error) {
 	if len(statements) > 0 {
-		ottlp := ottltraces.NewParser(Functions(), settings)
+		ottlp := ottlspan.NewParser(Functions(), settings)
 		parsedStatements, err := ottlp.ParseStatements(statements)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ func (p *Processor) ProcessTraces(ctx context.Context, td ptrace.Traces) (ptrace
 				sspan := rspans.ScopeSpans().At(j)
 				spans := sspan.Spans()
 				for k := 0; k < spans.Len(); k++ {
-					tCtx := ottltraces.NewTransformContext(spans.At(k), sspan.Scope(), rspans.Resource())
+					tCtx := ottlspan.NewTransformContext(spans.At(k), sspan.Scope(), rspans.Resource())
 					for _, statement := range p.statements {
 						_, _, err := statement.Execute(ctx, tCtx)
 						if err != nil {
diff --git a/processor/transformprocessor/internal/traces/processor_test.go b/processor/transformprocessor/internal/traces/processor_test.go
index 6df8b49d9036..31d5d106321d 100644
--- a/processor/transformprocessor/internal/traces/processor_test.go
+++ b/processor/transformprocessor/internal/traces/processor_test.go
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ func Test_ProcessTraces_TraceContext(t *testing.T) {
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.statement, func(t *testing.T) {
 			td := constructTraces()
-			processor, err := NewProcessor(nil, []common.ContextStatements{{Context: "trace", Statements: []string{tt.statement}}}, componenttest.NewNopTelemetrySettings())
+			processor, err := NewProcessor(nil, []common.ContextStatements{{Context: "span", Statements: []string{tt.statement}}}, componenttest.NewNopTelemetrySettings())
 			assert.NoError(t, err)
 
 			_, err = processor.ProcessTraces(context.Background(), td)
@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ func Test_ProcessTraces_MixContext(t *testing.T) {
 					},
 				},
 				{
-					Context: "trace",
+					Context: "span",
 					Statements: []string{
 						`set(attributes["test"], "pass") where resource.attributes["test"] == "pass"`,
 					},
@@ -390,7 +390,7 @@ func Test_ProcessTraces_MixContext(t *testing.T) {
 					},
 				},
 				{
-					Context: "trace",
+					Context: "span",
 					Statements: []string{
 						`set(attributes["test"], "pass") where instrumentation_scope.attributes["test"] == "pass"`,
 					},
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ func Test_ProcessTraces_MixContext(t *testing.T) {
 			name: "order matters",
 			contextStatments: []common.ContextStatements{
 				{
-					Context: "trace",
+					Context: "span",
 					Statements: []string{
 						`set(attributes["test"], "pass") where instrumentation_scope.attributes["test"] == "pass"`,
 					},
@@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ func Test_ProcessTraces_MixContext(t *testing.T) {
 					},
 				},
 				{
-					Context: "trace",
+					Context: "span",
 					Statements: []string{
 						`set(attributes["test"], "pass") where instrumentation_scope.attributes["test"] == "pass"`,
 					},
diff --git a/processor/transformprocessor/testdata/config.yaml b/processor/transformprocessor/testdata/config.yaml
index ba38bcf0a157..4432c39877f8 100644
--- a/processor/transformprocessor/testdata/config.yaml
+++ b/processor/transformprocessor/testdata/config.yaml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 transform:
   trace_statements:
-    - context: trace
+    - context: span
       statements:
         - set(name, "bear") where attributes["http.path"] == "/animal"
         - keep_keys(attributes, ["http.method", "http.path"])
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ transform/deprecated_format:
 
 transform/using_both_formats:
   trace_statements:
-    - context: trace
+    - context: span
       statements:
         - set(name, "bear") where attributes["http.path"] == "/animal"
         - keep_keys(attributes, ["http.method", "http.path"])
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ transform/bad_syntax_metric:
 
 transform/bad_syntax_trace:
   trace_statements:
-    - context: trace
+    - context: span
       statements:
         - set(name, "bear" where attributes["http.path"] == "/animal"
         - keep_keys(attributes, ["http.method", "http.path"])
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ transform/unknown_function_metric:
 
 transform/unknown_function_trace:
   trace_statements:
-    - context: trace
+    - context: span
       statements:
         - set(name, "bear") where attributes["http.path"] == "/animal"
         - not_a_function(attributes, ["http.method", "http.path"])