diff --git a/test/blackbox-tests/test-cases/intf-only/excludes-by-modules-field.t b/test/blackbox-tests/test-cases/intf-only/excludes-by-modules-field.t
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d0c117e0365
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/blackbox-tests/test-cases/intf-only/excludes-by-modules-field.t
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+Specifying a module without implementation that isn't inside the (modules ..)
+field
+
+  $ cat >dune-project <<EOF
+  > (lang dune 3.7)
+  > EOF
+  $ cat >dune <<EOF
+  > (library
+  >  (name foo)
+  >  (wrapped false)
+  >  (modules_without_implementation x)
+  >  (modules y))
+  > EOF
+
+  $ touch x.mli
+
+  $ cat >y.ml <<EOF
+  > module type F = X
+  > EOF
+
+  $ dune build --display short
+        ocamlc .foo.objs/byte/y.{cmi,cmo,cmt} (exit 2)
+  File "y.ml", line 1, characters 16-17:
+  1 | module type F = X
+                      ^
+  Error: Unbound module type X
+  [1]