Installation

Table of Contents

Installation

Compilation

Note that, regardless of which compilation method you choose, git needs to be in $PATH when compiling KMonad. This is because we insert the current commit into the output of --version at compile time.

Using `stack`

The currently recommended, cross-platform solution to compiling KMonad is to use the stack Haskell project manager.

Once you have stack installed, you can build kmonad thusly:

stack build   # To build only the binary
stack haddock # To build the binary and the docs

If you would like stack to automatically copy the binary to a folder on your $PATH, you can use:

stack install # Builds *and* copies

Using `nix`

If you use the Nix package manager, either because you installed it yourself or because you are using NixOS, you can build kmonad using the following command.

nix build nix

On MacOS, you'll have to use something like the following to get nix to pull in the karabiner submodule:

nix build "./nix?submodules=1"

If you want to pull in KMonad as a flake input for configuring a Darwin system, you may find it necessary to use a reference like: git+https://github.com/kmonad/kmonad?submodules=1&dir=nix instead of github:....

Another option with nix is to use the nix-shell to ensure you have the correct environment to run stack in. You can enter the development environment using:

nix-shell nix/shell.nix

Note: we do also have to compile a little bit of C-code, so make sure gcc is installed as well.

Static compilation

Every now and then we compile and release a static binary for Linux that should run on any Linux regardless of the installed libraries (i.e. ldd returns not a dynamic executable). If, for some reason, you want to compile a static binary for the state of HEAD yourself, please copy the contents of ./nix/static into the kmonad project root, and then call:

$(nix build --no-link -A fullBuildScript)

Using Docker

If you have Docker installed, you can build kmonad from source without the need to install anything else on your system, since the build container will always have all the needed build tools and dependencies.

This is very convenient if no binaries are available and you want to try some other branch, you don't want to install build tools or they're not available for your OS, etc. You can even use the provided Dockerfile for development testing. As of now, the built image is not meant to run kmonad, just to build it.

Just do this from the Dockerfile directory:

# Build the Docker image which will contain the binary.
docker build -t kmonad-builder .

# Spin up an ephemeral Docker container from the built image, to just copy the
# built binary to the host's current directory bind-mounted inside the
# container at /host/.
docker run --rm -it -v ${PWD}:/host/ kmonad-builder bash -c 'cp -vp /root/.local/bin/kmonad /host/'

# Clean up build image, since it is no longer needed.
docker rmi kmonad-builder

You will find a kmonad binary in your current directory.

As an added bonus, with recent Docker versions you can build images straight from public repo URLs, without even needing to clone the repo. Do this as the build step (the first one) in the previous instructions:

docker build -t kmonad-builder github.com/kmonad/kmonad.git

Podman

If you are using Podman you must disable labels when bind-mounting a directory to copy the KMonad binary to.

In the steps above, the only difference is including --security-opt label=disable in the second command (docker run). The full command will appear as below:

podman run --rm -it -v ${PWD}:/host/ --security-opt label=disable kmonad-builder bash -c 'cp -vp /root/.local/bin/kmonad /host/'

Windows environment

I have little experience with Haskell under windows, but I managed to compile kmonad under Windows 10 using a Haskell platform installation. I also needed to install mingw to provide gcc. With both the Haskell platform and mingw building kmonad under Windows 10 should be as simple as stack build.

You also can install MSYS2, Haskell and stack via scoop. Simply run these commands in Windows PowerShell:

   # set required privileges to run scripts (required for scoop installer)
   Set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned -scope CurrentUser

   # install scoop (no admin rights required)
   iwr -useb get.scoop.sh | iex

   # install stack
   scoop install stack

   # clone the KMonad repository (assuming you have `git` installed)
   cd $HOME\Downloads
   git clone https://github.com/kmonad/kmonad.git
   cd kmonad

   # compile KMonad (this will first download GHC and msys2, it takes a while)
   stack build

   # the new kmonad.exe will be in .\.stack-work\install\xxxxxxx\bin\

   # install kmonad.exe (copies kmonad.exe to %APPDATA%\local\bin\)
   stack install

   # run kmonad.exe
   kmonad.exe .\path\to\config.kbd

macOS

KMonad supports macOS 10.12 to 10.15 (Sierra, High Sierra, Mojave, and Catalina) and macOS 11.0 (Big Sur). When using driverkit-based extension v2.1.0 and later, KMonad also supports macOS 13.0 (Ventura) and 14.0 (Sonoma).

Note: Under macOS, kmonad uses one of two "system extensions" to post modified key events to the OS. For macOS Catalina and prior, we use a kernel extension (kext), which is bundled with KMonad as a submodule in c_src/mac/Karabiner-VirtualHIDDevice. For macOS Catalina and later, we use a driverkit-based extension (dext), bundled as c_src/mac/Karabiner-DriverKit-VirtualHIDDevice. Therefore, you must install either the kext or dext based on your macOS version (Catalina users can choose either one).

Installing the kext

You can either build the kext from source or you can install it as a binary that is signed by its maintainer. Building from source is difficult, and macOS won't load your kext unless you sign it with an "Apple Developer ID," so we recommend installing the kext as a signed binary.

The kext used by kmonad is maintained as part of Karabiner-Elements. Therefore, if you use Karabiner-Elements, you already have the kext installed (though maybe a different version number). Run kextstat | grep Karabiner to check the version: if org.pqrs.driver.Karabiner.VirtualHIDDevice.v061000 (6.10.0) is listed, then the installed kext is compatibile with kmonad and you can move onto installing kmonad. If another version is listed, this may work too (but has not been tested).

If you want to attempt building and signing the kext yourself, look to the documentation for instructions. Otherwise, to install the kext as a signed binary, run:

  $ git clone --recursive https://github.com/kmonad/kmonad.git
  $ cd c_src/mac/Karabiner-VirtualHIDDevice
  $ make install

Installing the dext

You can either build the dext from source or you can install it as a binary that is signed by its maintainer. Building from source is only possible with an "Apple Developer ID," unless you build an old version of the dext.

The dext used by kmonad is maintained as part of Karabiner-Elements. Therefore, if you use Karabiner-Elements, you may already have the dext installed (though maybe a different version number). Run defaults read /Applications/.Karabiner-VirtualHIDDevice-Manager.app/Contents/Info.plist CFBundleVersion to check the version: if 3.1.0 is shown, then the installed dext is compatible with kmonad and you can move onto installing kmonad. If another version is listed, this may work too (but has not been tested).

Build and sign the dext yourself

If you want to attempt building and signing the dext yourself, look to the documentation for instructions.

Install the already build and signed dext package

To install the dext as a signed binary, initialize the dext git submodule, install the extension, and activate the extension.

  $ git clone --recursive https://github.com/kmonad/kmonad.git

  $ cd kmonad/
  $ open c_src/mac/Karabiner-DriverKit-VirtualHIDDevice/dist/Karabiner-DriverKit-VirtualHIDDevice-3.1.0.pkg

  $ /Applications/.Karabiner-VirtualHIDDevice-Manager.app/Contents/MacOS/Karabiner-VirtualHIDDevice-Manager activate

Note: If activation failed (e.g. because a newer version is already installed), replace activate in the above command with forceActivate and try again.

Installing kmonad

Compilation under Mac currently works with stack. Compilation under Mac via nix is not tested or planned. Installation under Mac via Hackage is not tested, but may work for the adventurous. To compile on Mac, download the kmonad source:

  $ git clone --recursive https://github.com/kmonad/kmonad.git

and install stack

  $ brew install haskell-stack

Then build kmonad with stack and install it to ~/.local/bin/ (which you may want to ensure is on your PATH). If you are building against the kext, run:

  $ stack install --flag kmonad:kext --extra-include-dirs=c_src/mac/Karabiner-VirtualHIDDevice/dist/include

If you are building against the dext, run

  $ stack install --flag kmonad:dext --extra-include-dirs=c_src/mac/Karabiner-DriverKit-VirtualHIDDevice/include/pqrs/karabiner/driverkit:c_src/mac/Karabiner-DriverKit-VirtualHIDDevice/src/Client/vendor/include

Giving kmonad additional permissions

Since Mac OS X Leopard (10.5), intercepting key events requires root privilege. Therefore, you must run kmonad as root (using sudo, e.g.). In the future, privilege separation may be implemented so that just a small part of kmonad requires root privilege to run.

Since macOS Catalina (10.15), capturing key events requires explicit permission in System Preferences. Enable the application(s) that you will be using to execute kmonad in System Preferences > Security & Privacy > Privacy > Input Monitoring.

Binaries

You can download binaries for Windows and Linux (64bit) from the releases page. Many thanks to these lovely people for making this possible.

Packages

Some people have gone out of their way to add kmonad into the package-managers of various distros. If you want to add kmonad to your distro and add a pull-request to update the documentation to reflect that, please feel free.

NOTE: These packages might be out of date.

Arch Linux

Kmonad is available on Arch as kmonad. in the extra repo.

GNU Guix

You can install kmonad via the guix package manager. You will need to copy the udev rules into place manually.

  $ guix install kmonad
  # cp <kmonad-path>/lib/udev/rules.d/70-kmonad.rules /lib/udev/rules.d/

According to Guix's package store mechanism, <kmonad-path> will include a hash that captures the exact KMonad version. By default, the path will follow the pattern /gnu/store/<hash>-kmonad-<version>/.

Use the guix build kmonad command to identify the correct path. In case the command returns multiple paths, go for the shortest one.

So, for instance, if build returns

  $ guix build kmonad
  /gnu/store/9mx79afpjqxjiiqgh1xv3b7ckblnl4wk-kmonad-0.4.2
  /gnu/store/al0bmdxvl3a8s11vxn13y2nkq4hbg4c8-kmonad-0.4.2-static

<kmonad-path> will be /gnu/store/9mx79afpjqxjiiqgh1xv3b7ckblnl4wk-kmonad-0.4.2 and the copy operation will then be as follows

  # cp \
  /gnu/store/9mx79afpjqxjiiqgh1xv3b7ckblnl4wk-kmonad-0.4.2/lib/udev/rules.d/70-kmonad.rules \
  /lib/udev/rules.d/

If you use the Guix System to manage your entire machine, you will instead want to install udev rules using something like this in your config.scm

  (use-modules (gnu packages haskell-apps))

  (operating-system
   ;; ...
   (services
    (modify-services %desktop-services
      (udev-service-type config =>
        (udev-configuration (inherit config)
         (rules (cons kmonad
                      (udev-configuration-rules config))))))))

Void Linux

You can install kmonad via xbps-install:

  # xbps-install -S kmonad

NixOS

The following instructions show how to install and configure KMonad in NixOS with flakes enabled. There is a NixOS module included in this repository that can be used instead of a manual configuration.

flake.nix

Add KMonad as an input:

kmonad = {
  url = "git+https://github.com/kmonad/kmonad?submodules=1&dir=nix";
  inputs.nixpkgs.follows = "nixpkgs";
};

Import the NixOS module in your configuration:

outputs = { kmonad, … }:
  {
    nixosConfigurations.«systemName» = nixpkgs.lib.nixosSystem {
      modules = [
        kmonad.nixosModules.default
      ];
    };
  };

configuration.nix

Finally, you can add

services.kmonad = {
 enable = true;
   keyboards = {
     myKMonadOutput = {
       device = "/dev/input/by-id/my-keyboard-kbd";
       config = builtins.readFile /path/to/my/config.kbd;
     };
   };
};

to your configuration.nix. For more configuration options, see nixos-module.nix.

If you just enable the service and don't specify a keyboard, you may have to add

users.users.«userName».extraGroups = [ "input" "uinput" ];

to your configuration.

If you've set enable = true; in services.kmonad, do not put a setxkbmap line in your config.kbd. Instead, set the options like this:

services.xserver = {
  xkbOptions = "compose:ralt";
  layout = "us";
};

All that's left is to rebuild your system!

$ sudo nixos-rebuild switch --flake /path/to/flake

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installation.md

installation.md

Installation

Compilation

Using `stack`

Using `nix`

Static compilation

Using Docker

Podman

Windows environment

macOS

Installing the kext

Installing the dext

Build and sign the dext yourself

Install the already build and signed dext package

Installing kmonad

Giving kmonad additional permissions

Binaries

Packages

Arch Linux

GNU Guix

Void Linux

NixOS

flake.nix

configuration.nix

Files

installation.md

Latest commit

History

installation.md

File metadata and controls

Installation

Compilation

Using stack

Using nix

Static compilation

Using Docker

Podman

Windows environment

macOS

Installing the kext

Installing the dext

Build and sign the dext yourself

Install the already build and signed dext package

Installing kmonad

Giving kmonad additional permissions

Binaries

Packages

Arch Linux

GNU Guix

Void Linux

NixOS

flake.nix

configuration.nix

Using `stack`

Using `nix`