TYP: Add annotations for the py3.12 buffer protocol

[BvB93]

With the implementation of PEP 688 the buffer protocol is, as of Python 3.12, now accessible in Python. This PR updates the np.ndarray and np.generic annotations, adding the corresponding __buffer__ method to the both of them in addition to the definition of npt.ArrayLike.

Marking as 1.26 backport as this is a reasonably py3.12 typing feature.

[charris]

@BvB93 I have an unrelated question.

charris@fc [numpy.git (prepare-1.26.0-release)]$ git diff main numpy/f2py
diff --git a/numpy/f2py/__init__.pyi b/numpy/f2py/__init__.pyi
index 81b6a24f39..6e3a82cf8f 100644
--- a/numpy/f2py/__init__.pyi
+++ b/numpy/f2py/__init__.pyi
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ class _F2PyDict(_F2PyDictBase, total=False):
     ltx: list[str]
 
 __all__: list[str]
+__path__: list[str]
 test: PytestTester

I assume the difference is harmless. Is it?

[BvB93]

I assume the difference is harmless. Is it?

Correct, it's harmless. I would recommend leaving __path__ out if it's not too much work (it's an attribute that's explicitly handled by type checkers these days), but either way is fine tbh.

[charris]

The test failures look unrelated. The macos_arm64_test crash is new. Hmm ... Will rerun.

[charris]

Thanks Bas.

@seiko2plus Any chance the aarch64 fixes could have accounted for the macos_arm64_test crash? I'm sorry that I reran the test, but wanted to see if it was repeatable.

[seiko2plus]

Any chance the aarch64 fixes could have accounted for the macos_arm64_test crash?

I ran tests on clang 14 & 15, both were fine. If the partial load refactor (gh-24461) is the issue, then it should be consistent.