Expand neuro images to output tags

[dalazx]

Prep steps:

1. Construct image URIs on the client side;
2. Fix /v2/_catalog to return repo names rather than image URIs;
3. Fix /v2/*/tags/list to cut the upstream project prefix;

neuro images <image URI> should output a list of available tags. (similarly to neuro ls as there might be lots of them per image).
see the spec https://docs.docker.com/registry/spec/api/#listing-image-tags.

[atemate]

Please note that once we output images with tags, we might start observing consequences of no-pagination responses, see neuro-inc/platform-registry-api#36

[serhiy-storchaka]

Requesting tags for every image seems expensive. Maybe keep the current behavior by default and add an option for outputting tags?