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ext_finger.m
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ext_finger.m
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% EXTRACTING FEATURE FROM A FINGERPRINT IMAGE
%
% Usage: [ ret ] = ext_finger( img, display_flag );
%
% Argument: img - FingerPrint Image
% display_flag
%
% Returns: ret - Minutiae
function [ ret ] = ext_finger( img, display_flag )
if nargin==1; display_flag=0; end
block_size_c = 24; YA=0; YB=0; XA=0; XB=0;
% Enhancement -------------------------------------------------------------
if display_flag==1; fprintf(' >>> enhancement '); end
yt=1; xl=1; yb=size(img,2); xr=size(img,1);
for x=1:55
if numel(find(img(x,:)<200)) < 8
img(1:x,:) = 255;
yt=x;
end
end
for x=225:size(img,1)
if numel(find(img(x,:)<200)) < 3
img(x-17:size(img,1),:) = 255;
yb=x;
break
end
end
for y=200:size(img,2)
if numel(find(img(:,y)<200)) < 1
img(:,y:size(img,2)) = 255;
xr=y;
break
end
end
for y=1:75
if numel(find(img(:,y)<200)) < 1
img(:,1:y) = 255;
xl=y;
end
end
[ binim, mask, cimg, cimg2, orient_img, orient_img_m ] = f_enhance(img);
% Making Mask -------------------------------------------------------------
if display_flag==1; fprintf('done.\n >>> making mask '); end
mask_t=mask;
for y=19:size(mask,1)-block_size_c*2
for x=block_size_c:size(mask,2)-block_size_c*2
n_mask = 0;
for yy=-1:1
for xx=-1:1
y_t = y + yy *block_size_c;
x_t = x + xx *block_size_c;
if y_t > 0 && x_t > 0 && (y_t ~= y || x_t ~= x) && mask(y_t,x_t) == 0
n_mask = n_mask + 1;
end
end
end
if n_mask == 0
continue
end
if mask(y,x) == 0 || y > size(mask,1) - 20 || y < yt || y > yb || x < xl || x > xr
cimg2(ceil(y/(block_size_c)), ceil(x/(block_size_c))) = 255;
mask_t(y,x) = 0;
continue;
end
for i = y:y+1
for j = x-9:x+9
if i > 0 && j > 0 && i < size(mask,1) && j < size(mask,2) && mask(i,j) > 0
else
cimg2(ceil(y/(block_size_c)), ceil(x/(block_size_c))) = 255;
mask_t(y,x)=0;
break
end
end
end
end
end
mask=mask_t;
inv_binim = (binim == 0);
thinned = bwmorph(inv_binim, 'thin',Inf);
mask_t=mask;
if numel(find(mask(125:150,150:250)>0)) > 0 && numel(find(mask(250:275,150:250)>0)) > 0
mask(150:250,150:250)=1;
end
method=-1; core_y = 0; core_x = 0; core_val=0; lc=0;
o_img=sin(orient_img); o_img(mask == 0) = 1;
lower_t=0.1;
[v,y]=min(cimg);
[dt1,x]=min(v);
delta1_y=y(x)*block_size_c/2; delta1_x=x*block_size_c/2;
v(x)=255; v(x+1)=255;
[dt2,x]=min(v);
delta2_y=y(x)*block_size_c/2; delta2_x=x*block_size_c/2;
v(x)=255; v(x+1)=255;
[dt3,x]=min(v);
delta3_y=y(x)*block_size_c/2; delta3_x=x*block_size_c/2;
db=60;
if dt1 < 1 && delta1_y+db < core_y && delta1_y > 15 || dt2 < 1 && delta2_y+db < core_y && delta2_y > 15 || dt3 < 1 && delta3_y+db < core_y && delta3_y > 15
core_val=255;
end
for y=10:size(o_img,1)-10
for x=10:size(o_img,2)-10
s1=0; t=10; %few of bad cores here
if y < 50 && x > 250
t=11;
end
if y > 38
yt=20;
else
yt=5;
end
if lc > 0.41 && (core_y + 60 < y)
break;
end
if mask(y,x)==0 || mask(max(y-t,1),x)==0 || mask(y,min(x+t, size(o_img,2)))==0 || mask(y,max(x-t,1))==0 || mask(max(y-t,1),min(x+t,size(o_img,2)))==0 || mask(max(y-t,1),max(x-t,1))==0 || o_img(y,x) < lc || o_img(y,x) < 0.1
continue
end
if dt1 < 1 && delta1_y+db < y && delta1_y > 15 || dt2 < 1 && delta2_y+db < y && delta2_y > 15 || dt3 < 1 && delta3_y+db < y && delta3_y > 15
continue
end
test_m=min(o_img(1:y-yt,max((x-10),1):min(x+10,size(o_img,2)) ));
if numel(test_m)>0 && min(test_m) >= 0.17
continue
end
for a=y:y+2
for b=x:x+1
s1=s1+o_img(a,b);
end
end
s1=s1/6; s2=[]; i=1;
for a=y-3:y-1
for b=x:x+1
s2(i)=o_img(a,b);
i=i+1;
end
end
if min(s2) < lower_t
s2=sum(s2)/6;
else
s2=s1;
end
s3=[]; i=1;
for a=y:y+2
for b=x+2:x+3
s3(i)=o_img(a,b);
i=i+1;
end
end
if min(s3) < lower_t
s3=sum(s3)/6;
else
s3=s1;
end
s4=[]; i=1;
for a=y:y+2
for b=x-2:x-1
s4(i)=o_img(a,b);
i=i+1;
end
end
if min(s4) < lower_t
s4=sum(s4)/6;
else
s4=s1;
end
s5=[];
i=1;
for a=y-3:y-1
for b=x-2:x-1
s5(i)=o_img(a,b);
i=i+1;
end
end
if min(s5) < lower_t
s5=sum(s5)/6;
else
s5=s1;
end
s6=[]; i=1;
for a=y-3:y-1
for b=x+2:x+3
s6(i)=o_img(a,b);
i=i+1;
end
end
if min(s6) < lower_t
s6=sum(s6)/6;
else
s6=s1;
end
if s1-s2 > core_val
core_val=s1-s2;
core_x=x;
core_y=y;
lc=o_img(y,x);
method=1;
end
if s1-s3 > core_val
core_val=s1-s3;
core_x=x;
core_y=y;
lc=o_img(y,x);
method=2;
end
if x < 300 && s1-s4 > core_val
core_val=s1-s4;
core_x=x;
core_y=y;
lc=o_img(y,x);
method=3;
end
if x < 300 && s1-s5 > core_val
core_val=s1-s5;
core_x=x;
core_y=y;
lc=o_img(y,x);
method=4;
end
if s1-s6 > core_val
core_val=s1-s6;
core_x=x;
core_y=y;
lc=o_img(y,x);
method=5;
end
end
end
if core_y > 37
yt=20;
else
yt=5;
end
test_smooth = 100;
if core_y > 0
test_smooth= sum(sum(o_img(core_y-yt-5:core_y-yt+5,core_x-5:core_x+5)));
end
if lc > 0.41 && (test_smooth < 109.5 && method~=2 || test_smooth < 100) %&& min(min(o_img(1:core_y-yt,core_x-10:core_x+10))) < 0.17
start_t=0;
core_val=1/(core_val+1);
else
core_x=0;
core_y=0;
core_val = 255;
end
mask=mask_t; path_len = 45;
% Finding Minutiae --------------------------------------------------------
if display_flag==1; fprintf('done.\n >>> finding minutiae '); end
minu_count = 1;
minutiae(minu_count, :) = [0,0,0,0,0,1];
min_path_index = [];
% loop through image and find minutiae, ignore certain pixels for border
for y=20:size(img,1)-14
for x=21:size(img,2)-21
if (thinned(y, x) == 1) % only continue if pixel is white
% calculate CN from Raymond Thai
CN = 0; sx=0; sy=0;
for i = 1:8
t1 = p(thinned, x, y, i);
t2 = p(thinned, x, y, i+1);
CN = CN + abs (t1-t2);
end
CN = CN / 2;
if ((CN == 1) || (CN == 3)) %&& mask(y,x) > 0
skip=0;
for i = y-5:y+5
for j = x-5:x+5
if i>0 && j>0 && mask(i,j) == 0
skip=1;
end
end
end
if skip == 1
continue;
end
t_a=[];
c = 0;
for e=y-1:y+1
for f=x-1:x+1
c = c + 1;
t_a(c) = orient_img_m(e,f);
end
end
m_o = median(t_a); m_f = 0;
if CN == 3
[CN, prog, sx, sy,ang]=test_bifurcation(thinned, x,y, m_o, core_x, core_y);
if prog < 3
continue
end
if ang < pi
m_o = mod(m_o+pi,2*pi);
end
else
progress=0;
xx=x; yy=y; pao=-1; pos=0;
while progress < 15 && xx > 1 && yy > 1 && yy<size(img,1) && xx<size(img,2) && pos > -1
pos=-1;
for g = 1:8
[ta, xa, ya] = p(thinned, xx, yy, g);
[tb, xb, yb] = p(thinned, xx, yy, g+1);
if (ta > tb) && pos==-1 && g ~= pao
pos=ta;
if g < 5
pao = 4 + g;
else
pao = mod(4 + g, 9) + 1;
end
xx=xa; yy=ya;
end
end
progress=progress+1;
end
if progress < 10
continue
end
if mod(atan2(y-yy,xx-x), 2*pi) > pi
m_o=m_o+pi;
end
end
minutiae(minu_count, :) = [ x, y, CN, m_o, m_f, 1];
min_path_index(minu_count, :) = [sx sy];
minu_count = minu_count + 1;
end
end % if pixel white
end % for y
end % for x
% Filtering False Minutiae ------------------------------------------------
if display_flag==1; fprintf('done.\n >>> filtering false minutiae '); end
minu_count = minu_count -1;
t_minutiae = [];
t_minu_count = 1;
t_mpi = [];
for i=1:minu_count
X = minutiae(i,1); Y = minutiae(i,2);
rc=0;
for y=max(Y-2,1):min(Y+2, size(binim,1))
if rc > 0
break
end
for x=max(X-2,1):min(X+2, size(binim,2))
if mask(y,x) == 0
rc = rc + 1;
break
end
end
end
if rc > 0
continue;
else
t_minutiae(t_minu_count, :) = minutiae(i, :);
t_mpi(t_minu_count, :) = min_path_index(i, :);
t_minu_count = t_minu_count + 1;
end
end
minutiae = t_minutiae;
min_path_index = t_mpi;
minu_count = size(minutiae,1);
t_minu_count = 1; t_minutiae = [];
dist_m = dist2(minutiae(:,1:2), minutiae(:,1:2));
dist_test=49;
for i=1:minu_count
reject_flag = 0;
P_x = minutiae(i,1); P_y = minutiae(i,2);
for j = i + 1 : minu_count
if dist_m(i,j) <= dist_test
reject_flag = 1;
end
end
if reject_flag == 0 && mask(P_y, P_x) > 0
reverse_p = 0;
if min_path_index(i,1) == 0
x = P_x;
y = P_y;
else
x = min_path_index(i,1);
y = min_path_index(i,2);
end
p1x=P_x; p1y=P_y;
x1=x; y1=y;
iter = 0;
for m=1:path_len
iter = iter + 1;
cn = 0;
for ii = 1:8
t1 = p(thinned, x1, y1, ii);
t2 = p(thinned, x1, y1, ii+1);
cn = cn + abs (t1-t2);
end
cn = cn / 2;
if cn ~= 3 && cn ~= 4 || m == 1
for n=1:8
if reverse_p == 0 || iter > 1
[ta, xa, ya] = p(thinned, x1, y1, n);
else
[ta, xa, ya] = p(thinned, x1, y1, 9-n);
end
if ta == 1 && (xa ~= p1x || ya ~= p1y) && (xa ~= x || ya ~= y)
p1x = x1; p1y = y1;
x1 = xa; y1 = ya;
break;
end
end
end
end
t_minutiae(t_minu_count, :) = minutiae(i, :);
t_minu_count = t_minu_count + 1;
end
end
minutiae = t_minutiae;
minu_count = t_minu_count-1;
tmpvec1 = size(img,1).*ones(minu_count,1);
tmpvec2 = ones(minu_count,1);
minutiae_for_sc = [minutiae(:,1)/size(img,2) (tmpvec1 - minutiae(:,2) + tmpvec2)/size(img,1)];
dist_m = sqrt(dist2(minutiae_for_sc(:,1:2), minutiae_for_sc(:,1:2)));
for i=1:minu_count
[d,ind] = sort(dist_m(i,:));
for j = 1 : minu_count
if dist_m(i,ind(j)) == 0
continue
end
theta_t = mod(atan2(minutiae(i,2) - minutiae(ind(j),2), minutiae(i,1) - minutiae(ind(j),1)), 2*pi);
ridge_count = 0;
p_y = minutiae(i,2); p_x = minutiae(i,1);
t_x = 0; t_y = 0;
current=1; radius = 1;
while p_y ~= minutiae(ind(j),2)
if thinned(p_y, p_x) > 0 && current == 0 && (t_x ~= p_x || t_y ~= p_y)
current = 1;
ridge_count = ridge_count + 1;
else
if thinned(p_y, p_x) == 0
current = 0;
end
end
t_x = p_x; t_y = p_y;
p_x = round(minutiae(i,1) - radius*cos(theta_t));
p_y = round(minutiae(i,2) - radius*sin(theta_t));
radius = radius + 1;
end
end
end
if core_val < 1
minutiae(minu_count+1, :) = [core_x, core_y, 5, start_t, 0,1];
minu_count = minu_count + 1;
end
if dt1 < 1
minutiae(minu_count+1, :) = [delta1_x, delta1_y, 7, 0, 1,1];
minu_count = minu_count + 1;
end
if dt2 < 1
minutiae(minu_count+1, :) = [delta2_x, delta2_y, 7, 0, 1,1];
minu_count = minu_count + 1;
end
if dt3 < 1
minutiae(minu_count+1, :) = [delta3_x, delta3_y, 7, 0, 1,1];
minu_count = minu_count + 1;
end
% Return Minutiae ---------------------------------------------------------
if display_flag == 1
fprintf('done.\n');
minutiae_img = uint8(zeros(size(img, 1),size(img, 2), 3));
for i=1:minu_count
x1 = minutiae(i, 1); y1 = minutiae(i, 2);
if minutiae(i, 3) == 1 %Termination
if minutiae(i, 4) > pi
for k = y1-2: y1 + 2
for l = x1-2: x1 + 2
minutiae_img(k, l,:) = [255, 0, 0];
end
end
else
for k = y1-2: y1 + 2
for l = x1-2: x1 + 2
minutiae_img(k, l,:) = [205, 100, 100];
end
end
end
elseif minutiae(i, 3) == 2
for k = y1-2: y1 + 2
for l = x1-2: x1 + 2
minutiae_img(k, l,:) = [255, 0, 255];
end
end
elseif minutiae(i, 3) == 3 %Bifurcation
if minutiae(i, 4) > pi
for k = y1-2: y1 + 2
for l = x1-2: x1 + 2
minutiae_img(k, l,:) = [0, 0, 255];
end
end
else
for k = y1-2: y1 + 2
for l = x1-2: x1 + 2
minutiae_img(k, l,:) = [255, 0, 255];
end
end
end
elseif minutiae(i, 3) == 5
for k = y1-4: y1 + 4
for l = x1-4: x1 + 4
minutiae_img(k, l,:) = [0, 255, 0];
end
end
elseif minutiae(i, 3) > 5
for k = y1-2: y1 + 2
for l = x1-2: x1 + 2
minutiae_img(k, l,:) = [128, 128, 0]; % gold for delta
end
end
end
end
combined = uint8(minutiae_img);
for x=1:size(binim,2)
for y=1:size(binim,1)
if mask(y,x) == 0
combined(y,x,:) = [0,0,0];
continue
end
if (thinned(y,x)) % binim(y,x))
combined(y,x,:) = [255,255,255];
else
combined(y,x,:) = [0,0,0];
end % end if
if ((minutiae_img(y,x,3) ~= 0) || (minutiae_img(y,x,1) ~= 0) ) || (minutiae_img(y,x,2) ~= 0)
combined(y,x,:) = minutiae_img(y,x,:);
end
end % end for y
end % end for x
if core_val < 1 && YA > 0
for k = YA-2: YA + 2
for l = XA-2: XA + 2
combined(k,l,:) = [20, 255, 250];
end
end
for k = YB-2: YB + 2
for l = XB-2: XB + 2
combined(k,l,:) = [20, 255, 250];
end
end
end
%subplot(1,2,1), subimage(img), title('Original image')
%subplot(1,2,2), subimage(combined), title('Minutiae')
end
ret=minutiae;
end