diff --git a/virtcontainers/README.md b/virtcontainers/README.md
index 491d56b3e5..a2778971f6 100644
--- a/virtcontainers/README.md
+++ b/virtcontainers/README.md
@@ -159,8 +159,6 @@ An example tool using the `virtcontainers` API is provided in the `hack/virtc` p
 
 Typically the former is the Docker default networking model while the later is used on Kubernetes deployments.
 
-`virtcontainers` callers can select one or the other, on a per sandbox basis, by setting their `SandboxConfig`'s `NetworkModel` field properly.
-
 [cnm]: https://github.com/docker/libnetwork/blob/master/docs/design.md
 [cni]: https://github.com/containernetworking/cni/
 
diff --git a/virtcontainers/api_test.go b/virtcontainers/api_test.go
index eed59f6801..f7aebf7205 100644
--- a/virtcontainers/api_test.go
+++ b/virtcontainers/api_test.go
@@ -155,7 +155,6 @@ func newTestSandboxConfigHyperstartAgentDefaultNetwork() SandboxConfig {
 		AgentType:   HyperstartAgent,
 		AgentConfig: agentConfig,
 
-		NetworkModel:  DefaultNetworkModel,
 		NetworkConfig: netConfig,
 
 		Containers:  []ContainerConfig{container},
@@ -2020,7 +2019,7 @@ func TestProcessListContainer(t *testing.T) {
  * Benchmarks
  */
 
-func createNewSandboxConfig(hType HypervisorType, aType AgentType, aConfig interface{}, netModel NetworkModel) SandboxConfig {
+func createNewSandboxConfig(hType HypervisorType, aType AgentType, aConfig interface{}) SandboxConfig {
 	hypervisorConfig := HypervisorConfig{
 		KernelPath:     "/usr/share/kata-containers/vmlinux.container",
 		ImagePath:      "/usr/share/kata-containers/kata-containers.img",
@@ -2037,7 +2036,6 @@ func createNewSandboxConfig(hType HypervisorType, aType AgentType, aConfig inter
 		AgentType:   aType,
 		AgentConfig: aConfig,
 
-		NetworkModel:  netModel,
 		NetworkConfig: netConfig,
 	}
 }
@@ -2187,7 +2185,7 @@ func createStartStopDeleteContainers(b *testing.B, sandboxConfig SandboxConfig,
 
 func BenchmarkCreateStartStopDeleteSandboxQemuHypervisorHyperstartAgentNetworkNoop(b *testing.B) {
 	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-		sandboxConfig := createNewSandboxConfig(QemuHypervisor, HyperstartAgent, HyperConfig{}, NoopNetworkModel)
+		sandboxConfig := createNewSandboxConfig(QemuHypervisor, HyperstartAgent, HyperConfig{})
 
 		sockDir, err := testGenerateCCProxySockDir()
 		if err != nil {
@@ -2208,21 +2206,21 @@ func BenchmarkCreateStartStopDeleteSandboxQemuHypervisorHyperstartAgentNetworkNo
 
 func BenchmarkCreateStartStopDeleteSandboxQemuHypervisorNoopAgentNetworkNoop(b *testing.B) {
 	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-		sandboxConfig := createNewSandboxConfig(QemuHypervisor, NoopAgentType, nil, NoopNetworkModel)
+		sandboxConfig := createNewSandboxConfig(QemuHypervisor, NoopAgentType, nil)
 		createStartStopDeleteSandbox(b, sandboxConfig)
 	}
 }
 
 func BenchmarkCreateStartStopDeleteSandboxMockHypervisorNoopAgentNetworkNoop(b *testing.B) {
 	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-		sandboxConfig := createNewSandboxConfig(MockHypervisor, NoopAgentType, nil, NoopNetworkModel)
+		sandboxConfig := createNewSandboxConfig(MockHypervisor, NoopAgentType, nil)
 		createStartStopDeleteSandbox(b, sandboxConfig)
 	}
 }
 
 func BenchmarkStartStop1ContainerQemuHypervisorHyperstartAgentNetworkNoop(b *testing.B) {
 	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-		sandboxConfig := createNewSandboxConfig(QemuHypervisor, HyperstartAgent, HyperConfig{}, NoopNetworkModel)
+		sandboxConfig := createNewSandboxConfig(QemuHypervisor, HyperstartAgent, HyperConfig{})
 		contConfigs := createNewContainerConfigs(1)
 
 		sockDir, err := testGenerateCCProxySockDir()
@@ -2244,7 +2242,7 @@ func BenchmarkStartStop1ContainerQemuHypervisorHyperstartAgentNetworkNoop(b *tes
 
 func BenchmarkStartStop10ContainerQemuHypervisorHyperstartAgentNetworkNoop(b *testing.B) {
 	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-		sandboxConfig := createNewSandboxConfig(QemuHypervisor, HyperstartAgent, HyperConfig{}, NoopNetworkModel)
+		sandboxConfig := createNewSandboxConfig(QemuHypervisor, HyperstartAgent, HyperConfig{})
 		contConfigs := createNewContainerConfigs(10)
 
 		sockDir, err := testGenerateCCProxySockDir()
@@ -2448,7 +2446,6 @@ func TestNetworkOperation(t *testing.T) {
 	defer deleteNetNS(netNSPath)
 
 	config := newTestSandboxConfigNoop()
-	config.NetworkModel = DefaultNetworkModel
 	config.NetworkConfig = NetworkConfig{
 		NetNSPath: netNSPath,
 	}
diff --git a/virtcontainers/default_network.go b/virtcontainers/default_network.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 4b14c1254f..0000000000
--- a/virtcontainers/default_network.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,108 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2016 Intel Corporation
-//
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
-//
-
-package virtcontainers
-
-import (
-	"context"
-
-	"github.com/containernetworking/plugins/pkg/ns"
-	opentracing "github.com/opentracing/opentracing-go"
-	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-)
-
-type defNetwork struct {
-}
-
-func (n *defNetwork) logger() *logrus.Entry {
-	return virtLog.WithField("subsystem", "default-network")
-}
-
-func (n *defNetwork) trace(ctx context.Context, name string) (opentracing.Span, context.Context) {
-	span, ct := opentracing.StartSpanFromContext(ctx, name)
-
-	span.SetTag("subsystem", "network")
-	span.SetTag("type", "default")
-
-	return span, ct
-}
-
-// run runs a callback in the specified network namespace.
-func (n *defNetwork) run(networkNSPath string, cb func() error) error {
-	span, _ := n.trace(context.Background(), "run")
-	defer span.Finish()
-
-	return doNetNS(networkNSPath, func(_ ns.NetNS) error {
-		return cb()
-	})
-}
-
-// add adds all needed interfaces inside the network namespace.
-func (n *defNetwork) add(s *Sandbox, hotplug bool) error {
-	span, _ := n.trace(s.ctx, "add")
-	defer span.Finish()
-
-	endpoints, err := createEndpointsFromScan(s.config.NetworkConfig.NetNSPath, s.config.NetworkConfig)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	s.networkNS.Endpoints = endpoints
-
-	err = doNetNS(s.config.NetworkConfig.NetNSPath, func(_ ns.NetNS) error {
-		for _, endpoint := range s.networkNS.Endpoints {
-			n.logger().WithField("endpoint-type", endpoint.Type()).WithField("hotplug", hotplug).Info("Attaching endpoint")
-			if hotplug {
-				if err := endpoint.HotAttach(s.hypervisor); err != nil {
-					return err
-				}
-			} else {
-				if err := endpoint.Attach(s.hypervisor); err != nil {
-					return err
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		return nil
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	n.logger().Debug("Network added")
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// remove network endpoints in the network namespace. It also deletes the network
-// namespace in case the namespace has been created by us.
-func (n *defNetwork) remove(s *Sandbox, hotunplug bool) error {
-	span, _ := n.trace(s.ctx, "remove")
-	defer span.Finish()
-
-	for _, endpoint := range s.networkNS.Endpoints {
-		// Detach for an endpoint should enter the network namespace
-		// if required.
-		n.logger().WithField("endpoint-type", endpoint.Type()).WithField("hotunplug", hotunplug).Info("Detaching endpoint")
-		if hotunplug {
-			if err := endpoint.HotDetach(s.hypervisor, s.networkNS.NetNsCreated, s.networkNS.NetNsPath); err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-		} else {
-			if err := endpoint.Detach(s.networkNS.NetNsCreated, s.networkNS.NetNsPath); err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	n.logger().Debug("Network removed")
-
-	if s.networkNS.NetNsCreated {
-		n.logger().Infof("Network namespace %q deleted", s.networkNS.NetNsPath)
-		return deleteNetNS(s.networkNS.NetNsPath)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
diff --git a/virtcontainers/documentation/api/1.0/api.md b/virtcontainers/documentation/api/1.0/api.md
index c4d1150d30..d652fb291e 100644
--- a/virtcontainers/documentation/api/1.0/api.md
+++ b/virtcontainers/documentation/api/1.0/api.md
@@ -40,7 +40,6 @@ sandbox lifecycle through the rest of the [sandbox API](#sandbox-functions).
   * [ProxyType](#proxytype)
   * [ProxyConfig](#proxyconfig)
   * [ShimType](#shimtype)
-  * [NetworkModel](#networkmodel)
   * [NetworkConfig](#networkconfig)
     * [NetInterworkingModel](#netinterworkingmodel)
   * [Volume](#volume)
@@ -76,7 +75,6 @@ type SandboxConfig struct {
 	ShimType   ShimType
 	ShimConfig interface{}
 
-	NetworkModel  NetworkModel
 	NetworkConfig NetworkConfig
 
 	// Volumes is a list of shared volumes between the host and the Sandbox.
@@ -257,20 +255,6 @@ const (
 )
 ```
 
-##### `NetworkModel`
-```Go
-// NetworkModel describes the type of network specification.
-type NetworkModel string
-
-const (
-	// NoopNetworkModel is the No-Op network.
-	NoopNetworkModel NetworkModel = "noop"
-
-	// CNMNetworkModel is the CNM network.
-	CNMNetworkModel NetworkModel = "CNM"
-)
-```
-
 ##### `NetworkConfig`
 ```Go
 // NetworkConfig is the network configuration related to a network.
diff --git a/virtcontainers/endpoint_test.go b/virtcontainers/endpoint_test.go
index 251791fcb9..e5473a96c7 100644
--- a/virtcontainers/endpoint_test.go
+++ b/virtcontainers/endpoint_test.go
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ package virtcontainers
 import "testing"
 
 func testEndpointTypeSet(t *testing.T, value string, expected EndpointType) {
-	//var netModel NetworkModel
 	var endpointType EndpointType
 
 	err := endpointType.Set(value)
diff --git a/virtcontainers/hack/virtc/main.go b/virtcontainers/hack/virtc/main.go
index 7521d90ab2..2c25d43031 100644
--- a/virtcontainers/hack/virtc/main.go
+++ b/virtcontainers/hack/virtc/main.go
@@ -52,12 +52,6 @@ var sandboxConfigFlags = []cli.Flag{
 		Usage: "hypervisor machine type",
 	},
 
-	cli.GenericFlag{
-		Name:  "network",
-		Value: new(vc.NetworkModel),
-		Usage: "the network model",
-	},
-
 	cli.GenericFlag{
 		Name:  "proxy",
 		Value: new(vc.ProxyType),
@@ -150,11 +144,6 @@ func buildSandboxConfig(context *cli.Context) (vc.SandboxConfig, error) {
 		return vc.SandboxConfig{}, fmt.Errorf("Could not convert agent type")
 	}
 
-	networkModel, ok := context.Generic("network").(*vc.NetworkModel)
-	if ok != true {
-		return vc.SandboxConfig{}, fmt.Errorf("Could not convert network model")
-	}
-
 	proxyType, ok := context.Generic("proxy").(*vc.ProxyType)
 	if ok != true {
 		return vc.SandboxConfig{}, fmt.Errorf("Could not convert proxy type")
@@ -212,7 +201,6 @@ func buildSandboxConfig(context *cli.Context) (vc.SandboxConfig, error) {
 		AgentType:   *agentType,
 		AgentConfig: agConfig,
 
-		NetworkModel:  *networkModel,
 		NetworkConfig: netConfig,
 
 		ProxyType:   *proxyType,
diff --git a/virtcontainers/iostream_test.go b/virtcontainers/iostream_test.go
index af1c423a92..152f0a6118 100644
--- a/virtcontainers/iostream_test.go
+++ b/virtcontainers/iostream_test.go
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import (
 
 func TestIOStream(t *testing.T) {
 	hConfig := newHypervisorConfig(nil, nil)
-	s, err := testCreateSandbox(t, testSandboxID, MockHypervisor, hConfig, NoopAgentType, NoopNetworkModel, NetworkConfig{}, []ContainerConfig{}, nil)
+	s, err := testCreateSandbox(t, testSandboxID, MockHypervisor, hConfig, NoopAgentType, NetworkConfig{}, []ContainerConfig{}, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
diff --git a/virtcontainers/monitor_test.go b/virtcontainers/monitor_test.go
index 6b03b4a151..2d786acf37 100644
--- a/virtcontainers/monitor_test.go
+++ b/virtcontainers/monitor_test.go
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ func TestMonitorSuccess(t *testing.T) {
 	hConfig := newHypervisorConfig(nil, nil)
 
 	// create a sandbox
-	s, err := testCreateSandbox(t, testSandboxID, MockHypervisor, hConfig, NoopAgentType, NoopNetworkModel, NetworkConfig{}, []ContainerConfig{contConfig}, nil)
+	s, err := testCreateSandbox(t, testSandboxID, MockHypervisor, hConfig, NoopAgentType, NetworkConfig{}, []ContainerConfig{contConfig}, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ func TestMonitorClosedChannel(t *testing.T) {
 	hConfig := newHypervisorConfig(nil, nil)
 
 	// create a sandbox
-	s, err := testCreateSandbox(t, testSandboxID, MockHypervisor, hConfig, NoopAgentType, NoopNetworkModel, NetworkConfig{}, []ContainerConfig{contConfig}, nil)
+	s, err := testCreateSandbox(t, testSandboxID, MockHypervisor, hConfig, NoopAgentType, NetworkConfig{}, []ContainerConfig{contConfig}, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
diff --git a/virtcontainers/network.go b/virtcontainers/network.go
index 777d12fec2..01a666c8a0 100644
--- a/virtcontainers/network.go
+++ b/virtcontainers/network.go
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 package virtcontainers
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	cryptoRand "crypto/rand"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
@@ -17,6 +18,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/containernetworking/plugins/pkg/ns"
+	opentracing "github.com/opentracing/opentracing-go"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/vishvananda/netlink"
 	"github.com/vishvananda/netns"
@@ -347,55 +349,6 @@ func (n *NetworkNamespace) UnmarshalJSON(b []byte) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// NetworkModel describes the type of network specification.
-type NetworkModel string
-
-const (
-	// NoopNetworkModel is the No-Op network.
-	NoopNetworkModel NetworkModel = "noop"
-
-	// DefaultNetworkModel is the default network.
-	DefaultNetworkModel NetworkModel = "default"
-)
-
-// Set sets a network type based on the input string.
-func (networkType *NetworkModel) Set(value string) error {
-	switch value {
-	case "noop":
-		*networkType = NoopNetworkModel
-		return nil
-	case "default":
-		*networkType = DefaultNetworkModel
-		return nil
-	default:
-		return fmt.Errorf("Unknown network type %s", value)
-	}
-}
-
-// String converts a network type to a string.
-func (networkType *NetworkModel) String() string {
-	switch *networkType {
-	case NoopNetworkModel:
-		return string(NoopNetworkModel)
-	case DefaultNetworkModel:
-		return string(DefaultNetworkModel)
-	default:
-		return ""
-	}
-}
-
-// newNetwork returns a network from a network type.
-func newNetwork(networkType NetworkModel) network {
-	switch networkType {
-	case NoopNetworkModel:
-		return &noopNetwork{}
-	case DefaultNetworkModel:
-		return &defNetwork{}
-	default:
-		return &noopNetwork{}
-	}
-}
-
 func createLink(netHandle *netlink.Handle, name string, expectedLink netlink.Link, queues int) (netlink.Link, []*os.File, error) {
 	var newLink netlink.Link
 	var fds []*os.File
@@ -1347,7 +1300,7 @@ func networkInfoFromLink(handle *netlink.Handle, link netlink.Link) (NetworkInfo
 	}, nil
 }
 
-func createEndpointsFromScan(networkNSPath string, config NetworkConfig) ([]Endpoint, error) {
+func createEndpointsFromScan(networkNSPath string, config *NetworkConfig) ([]Endpoint, error) {
 	var endpoints []Endpoint
 
 	netnsHandle, err := netns.GetFromPath(networkNSPath)
@@ -1464,17 +1417,91 @@ func createEndpoint(netInfo NetworkInfo, idx int, model NetInterworkingModel) (E
 	return endpoint, err
 }
 
-// network is the virtcontainers network interface.
-// Container network plugins are used to setup virtual network
-// between VM netns and the host network physical interface.
-type network interface {
-	// run runs a callback function in a specified network namespace.
-	run(networkNSPath string, cb func() error) error
+// Network is the virtcontainer network structure
+type Network struct {
+}
+
+func (n *Network) trace(ctx context.Context, name string) (opentracing.Span, context.Context) {
+	span, ct := opentracing.StartSpanFromContext(ctx, name)
+
+	span.SetTag("subsystem", "network")
+	span.SetTag("type", "default")
+
+	return span, ct
+}
+
+// Run runs a callback in the specified network namespace.
+func (n *Network) Run(networkNSPath string, cb func() error) error {
+	span, _ := n.trace(context.Background(), "run")
+	defer span.Finish()
+
+	return doNetNS(networkNSPath, func(_ ns.NetNS) error {
+		return cb()
+	})
+}
+
+// Add adds all needed interfaces inside the network namespace.
+func (n *Network) Add(ctx context.Context, config *NetworkConfig, hypervisor hypervisor, hotplug bool) ([]Endpoint, error) {
+	span, _ := n.trace(ctx, "add")
+	defer span.Finish()
+
+	endpoints, err := createEndpointsFromScan(config.NetNSPath, config)
+	if err != nil {
+		return endpoints, err
+	}
+
+	err = doNetNS(config.NetNSPath, func(_ ns.NetNS) error {
+		for _, endpoint := range endpoints {
+			networkLogger().WithField("endpoint-type", endpoint.Type()).WithField("hotplug", hotplug).Info("Attaching endpoint")
+			if hotplug {
+				if err := endpoint.HotAttach(hypervisor); err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+			} else {
+				if err := endpoint.Attach(hypervisor); err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		return nil
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return []Endpoint{}, err
+	}
+
+	networkLogger().Debug("Network added")
+
+	return endpoints, nil
+}
+
+// Remove network endpoints in the network namespace. It also deletes the network
+// namespace in case the namespace has been created by us.
+func (n *Network) Remove(ctx context.Context, ns *NetworkNamespace, hypervisor hypervisor, hotunplug bool) error {
+	span, _ := n.trace(ctx, "remove")
+	defer span.Finish()
+
+	for _, endpoint := range ns.Endpoints {
+		// Detach for an endpoint should enter the network namespace
+		// if required.
+		networkLogger().WithField("endpoint-type", endpoint.Type()).WithField("hotunplug", hotunplug).Info("Detaching endpoint")
+		if hotunplug {
+			if err := endpoint.HotDetach(hypervisor, ns.NetNsCreated, ns.NetNsPath); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		} else {
+			if err := endpoint.Detach(ns.NetNsCreated, ns.NetNsPath); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	networkLogger().Debug("Network removed")
 
-	// add adds all needed interfaces inside the network namespace.
-	add(sandbox *Sandbox, hotplug bool) error
+	if ns.NetNsCreated {
+		networkLogger().Infof("Network namespace %q deleted", ns.NetNsPath)
+		return deleteNetNS(ns.NetNsPath)
+	}
 
-	// remove unbridges and deletes TAP interfaces. It also removes virtual network
-	// interfaces and deletes the network namespace.
-	remove(sandbox *Sandbox, hotunplug bool) error
+	return nil
 }
diff --git a/virtcontainers/network_test.go b/virtcontainers/network_test.go
index 601ab70b4b..c1d4804f45 100644
--- a/virtcontainers/network_test.go
+++ b/virtcontainers/network_test.go
@@ -16,80 +16,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/vishvananda/netlink"
 )
 
-func testNetworkModelSet(t *testing.T, value string, expected NetworkModel) {
-	var netModel NetworkModel
-
-	err := netModel.Set(value)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	if netModel != expected {
-		t.Fatal()
-	}
-}
-
-func TestNoopNetworkModelSet(t *testing.T) {
-	testNetworkModelSet(t, "noop", NoopNetworkModel)
-}
-
-func TestDefaultNetworkModelSet(t *testing.T) {
-	testNetworkModelSet(t, "default", DefaultNetworkModel)
-}
-
-func TestNetworkModelSetFailure(t *testing.T) {
-	var netModel NetworkModel
-
-	err := netModel.Set("wrong-value")
-	if err == nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-}
-
-func testNetworkModelString(t *testing.T, netModel *NetworkModel, expected string) {
-	result := netModel.String()
-
-	if result != expected {
-		t.Fatal()
-	}
-}
-
-func TestNoopNetworkModelString(t *testing.T) {
-	netModel := NoopNetworkModel
-	testNetworkModelString(t, &netModel, string(NoopNetworkModel))
-}
-
-func TestDefaultNetworkModelString(t *testing.T) {
-	netModel := DefaultNetworkModel
-	testNetworkModelString(t, &netModel, string(DefaultNetworkModel))
-}
-
-func TestWrongNetworkModelString(t *testing.T) {
-	var netModel NetworkModel
-	testNetworkModelString(t, &netModel, "")
-}
-
-func testNewNetworkFromNetworkModel(t *testing.T, netModel NetworkModel, expected interface{}) {
-	result := newNetwork(netModel)
-
-	if reflect.DeepEqual(result, expected) == false {
-		t.Fatal()
-	}
-}
-
-func TestNewNoopNetworkFromNetworkModel(t *testing.T) {
-	testNewNetworkFromNetworkModel(t, NoopNetworkModel, &noopNetwork{})
-}
-
-func TestNewDefaultNetworkFromNetworkModel(t *testing.T) {
-	testNewNetworkFromNetworkModel(t, DefaultNetworkModel, &defNetwork{})
-}
-
-func TestNewUnknownNetworkFromNetworkModel(t *testing.T) {
-	var netModel NetworkModel
-	testNewNetworkFromNetworkModel(t, netModel, &noopNetwork{})
-}
-
 func TestCreateDeleteNetNS(t *testing.T) {
 	if os.Geteuid() != 0 {
 		t.Skip(testDisabledAsNonRoot)
diff --git a/virtcontainers/noop_network.go b/virtcontainers/noop_network.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 6553a96b14..0000000000
--- a/virtcontainers/noop_network.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2016 Intel Corporation
-//
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
-//
-
-package virtcontainers
-
-// noopNetwork a.k.a. NO-OP Network is an empty network implementation, for
-// testing and mocking purposes.
-type noopNetwork struct {
-}
-
-// run runs a callback in the specified network namespace for
-// the Noop network.
-// It does nothing.
-func (n *noopNetwork) run(networkNSPath string, cb func() error) error {
-	return cb()
-}
-
-// add adds all needed interfaces inside the network namespace the Noop network.
-// It does nothing.
-func (n *noopNetwork) add(sandbox *Sandbox, hotattach bool) error {
-	return nil
-}
-
-// remove unbridges and deletes TAP interfaces. It also removes virtual network
-// interfaces and deletes the network namespace for the Noop network.
-// It does nothing.
-func (n *noopNetwork) remove(sandbox *Sandbox, hotdetach bool) error {
-	return nil
-}
diff --git a/virtcontainers/pkg/oci/utils.go b/virtcontainers/pkg/oci/utils.go
index 02d86f7e98..4ffb4ec957 100644
--- a/virtcontainers/pkg/oci/utils.go
+++ b/virtcontainers/pkg/oci/utils.go
@@ -480,7 +480,6 @@ func SandboxConfig(ocispec CompatOCISpec, runtime RuntimeConfig, bundlePath, cid
 		ShimType:   runtime.ShimType,
 		ShimConfig: runtime.ShimConfig,
 
-		NetworkModel:  vc.DefaultNetworkModel,
 		NetworkConfig: networkConfig,
 
 		Containers: []vc.ContainerConfig{containerConfig},
diff --git a/virtcontainers/pkg/oci/utils_test.go b/virtcontainers/pkg/oci/utils_test.go
index db7a33cb0b..ff1daa9b64 100644
--- a/virtcontainers/pkg/oci/utils_test.go
+++ b/virtcontainers/pkg/oci/utils_test.go
@@ -226,7 +226,6 @@ func TestMinimalSandboxConfig(t *testing.T) {
 		ProxyType:      vc.CCProxyType,
 		ShimType:       vc.CCShimType,
 
-		NetworkModel:  vc.DefaultNetworkModel,
 		NetworkConfig: expectedNetworkConfig,
 
 		Containers: []vc.ContainerConfig{expectedContainerConfig},
diff --git a/virtcontainers/sandbox.go b/virtcontainers/sandbox.go
index 004ad3dc08..1a9e715db7 100644
--- a/virtcontainers/sandbox.go
+++ b/virtcontainers/sandbox.go
@@ -70,7 +70,6 @@ type SandboxConfig struct {
 	ShimType   ShimType
 	ShimConfig interface{}
 
-	NetworkModel  NetworkModel
 	NetworkConfig NetworkConfig
 
 	// Volumes is a list of shared volumes between the host and the Sandbox.
@@ -206,7 +205,7 @@ type Sandbox struct {
 	hypervisor hypervisor
 	agent      agent
 	storage    resourceStorage
-	network    network
+	network    Network
 	monitor    *monitor
 
 	config *SandboxConfig
@@ -553,15 +552,12 @@ func newSandbox(ctx context.Context, sandboxConfig SandboxConfig, factory Factor
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	network := newNetwork(sandboxConfig.NetworkModel)
-
 	s := &Sandbox{
 		id:              sandboxConfig.ID,
 		factory:         factory,
 		hypervisor:      hypervisor,
 		agent:           agent,
 		storage:         &filesystem{},
-		network:         network,
 		config:          &sandboxConfig,
 		volumes:         sandboxConfig.Volumes,
 		containers:      map[string]*Container{},
@@ -771,7 +767,7 @@ func (s *Sandbox) startNetworkMonitor() error {
 		sandboxID:  s.id,
 	}
 
-	return s.network.run(s.networkNS.NetNsPath, func() error {
+	return s.network.Run(s.networkNS.NetNsPath, func() error {
 		pid, err := startNetmon(params)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
@@ -784,7 +780,8 @@ func (s *Sandbox) startNetworkMonitor() error {
 }
 
 func (s *Sandbox) createNetwork() error {
-	if s.config.NetworkConfig.DisableNewNetNs {
+	if s.config.NetworkConfig.DisableNewNetNs ||
+		s.config.NetworkConfig.NetNSPath == "" {
 		return nil
 	}
 
@@ -800,10 +797,13 @@ func (s *Sandbox) createNetwork() error {
 	// after vm is started.
 	if s.factory == nil {
 		// Add the network
-		if err := s.network.add(s, false); err != nil {
+		endpoints, err := s.network.Add(s.ctx, &s.config.NetworkConfig, s.hypervisor, false)
+		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 
+		s.networkNS.Endpoints = endpoints
+
 		if s.config.NetworkConfig.NetmonConfig.Enable {
 			if err := s.startNetworkMonitor(); err != nil {
 				return err
@@ -825,7 +825,7 @@ func (s *Sandbox) removeNetwork() error {
 		}
 	}
 
-	return s.network.remove(s, s.factory != nil)
+	return s.network.Remove(s.ctx, &s.networkNS, s.hypervisor, s.factory != nil)
 }
 
 func (s *Sandbox) generateNetInfo(inf *vcTypes.Interface) (NetworkInfo, error) {
@@ -929,7 +929,7 @@ func (s *Sandbox) startVM() error {
 
 	s.Logger().Info("Starting VM")
 
-	if err := s.network.run(s.networkNS.NetNsPath, func() error {
+	if err := s.network.Run(s.networkNS.NetNsPath, func() error {
 		if s.factory != nil {
 			vm, err := s.factory.GetVM(ctx, VMConfig{
 				HypervisorType:   s.config.HypervisorType,
@@ -957,10 +957,13 @@ func (s *Sandbox) startVM() error {
 	// In case of vm factory, network interfaces are hotplugged
 	// after vm is started.
 	if s.factory != nil {
-		if err := s.network.add(s, true); err != nil {
+		endpoints, err := s.network.Add(s.ctx, &s.config.NetworkConfig, s.hypervisor, true)
+		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 
+		s.networkNS.Endpoints = endpoints
+
 		if s.config.NetworkConfig.NetmonConfig.Enable {
 			if err := s.startNetworkMonitor(); err != nil {
 				return err
diff --git a/virtcontainers/sandbox_test.go b/virtcontainers/sandbox_test.go
index 4951c7dff2..39701332d3 100644
--- a/virtcontainers/sandbox_test.go
+++ b/virtcontainers/sandbox_test.go
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ func newHypervisorConfig(kernelParams []Param, hParams []Param) HypervisorConfig
 
 func testCreateSandbox(t *testing.T, id string,
 	htype HypervisorType, hconfig HypervisorConfig, atype AgentType,
-	nmodel NetworkModel, nconfig NetworkConfig, containers []ContainerConfig,
+	nconfig NetworkConfig, containers []ContainerConfig,
 	volumes []types.Volume) (*Sandbox, error) {
 
 	sconfig := SandboxConfig{
@@ -49,7 +49,6 @@ func testCreateSandbox(t *testing.T, id string,
 		HypervisorType:   htype,
 		HypervisorConfig: hconfig,
 		AgentType:        atype,
-		NetworkModel:     nmodel,
 		NetworkConfig:    nconfig,
 		Volumes:          volumes,
 		Containers:       containers,
@@ -80,7 +79,7 @@ func testCreateSandbox(t *testing.T, id string,
 }
 
 func TestCreateEmptySandbox(t *testing.T) {
-	_, err := testCreateSandbox(t, testSandboxID, MockHypervisor, HypervisorConfig{}, NoopAgentType, NoopNetworkModel, NetworkConfig{}, nil, nil)
+	_, err := testCreateSandbox(t, testSandboxID, MockHypervisor, HypervisorConfig{}, NoopAgentType, NetworkConfig{}, nil, nil)
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Fatalf("VirtContainers should not allow empty sandboxes")
 	}
@@ -88,7 +87,7 @@ func TestCreateEmptySandbox(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCreateEmptyHypervisorSandbox(t *testing.T) {
-	_, err := testCreateSandbox(t, testSandboxID, QemuHypervisor, HypervisorConfig{}, NoopAgentType, NoopNetworkModel, NetworkConfig{}, nil, nil)
+	_, err := testCreateSandbox(t, testSandboxID, QemuHypervisor, HypervisorConfig{}, NoopAgentType, NetworkConfig{}, nil, nil)
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Fatalf("VirtContainers should not allow sandboxes with empty hypervisors")
 	}
@@ -98,7 +97,7 @@ func TestCreateEmptyHypervisorSandbox(t *testing.T) {
 func TestCreateMockSandbox(t *testing.T) {
 	hConfig := newHypervisorConfig(nil, nil)
 
-	_, err := testCreateSandbox(t, testSandboxID, MockHypervisor, hConfig, NoopAgentType, NoopNetworkModel, NetworkConfig{}, nil, nil)
+	_, err := testCreateSandbox(t, testSandboxID, MockHypervisor, hConfig, NoopAgentType, NetworkConfig{}, nil, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -108,7 +107,7 @@ func TestCreateMockSandbox(t *testing.T) {
 func TestCreateSandboxEmptyID(t *testing.T) {
 	hConfig := newHypervisorConfig(nil, nil)
 
-	p, err := testCreateSandbox(t, "", MockHypervisor, hConfig, NoopAgentType, NoopNetworkModel, NetworkConfig{}, nil, nil)
+	p, err := testCreateSandbox(t, "", MockHypervisor, hConfig, NoopAgentType, NetworkConfig{}, nil, nil)
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Expected sandbox with empty ID to fail, but got sandbox %v", p)
 	}
@@ -118,7 +117,7 @@ func TestCreateSandboxEmptyID(t *testing.T) {
 func testSandboxStateTransition(t *testing.T, state types.StateString, newState types.StateString) error {
 	hConfig := newHypervisorConfig(nil, nil)
 
-	p, err := testCreateSandbox(t, testSandboxID, MockHypervisor, hConfig, NoopAgentType, NoopNetworkModel, NetworkConfig{}, nil, nil)
+	p, err := testCreateSandbox(t, testSandboxID, MockHypervisor, hConfig, NoopAgentType, NetworkConfig{}, nil, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -536,7 +535,7 @@ func TestSandboxSetSandboxAndContainerState(t *testing.T) {
 	hConfig := newHypervisorConfig(nil, nil)
 
 	// create a sandbox
-	p, err := testCreateSandbox(t, testSandboxID, MockHypervisor, hConfig, NoopAgentType, NoopNetworkModel, NetworkConfig{}, []ContainerConfig{contConfig}, nil)
+	p, err := testCreateSandbox(t, testSandboxID, MockHypervisor, hConfig, NoopAgentType, NetworkConfig{}, []ContainerConfig{contConfig}, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -896,7 +895,7 @@ func TestSandboxGetContainer(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	hConfig := newHypervisorConfig(nil, nil)
-	p, err := testCreateSandbox(t, testSandboxID, MockHypervisor, hConfig, NoopAgentType, NoopNetworkModel, NetworkConfig{}, nil, nil)
+	p, err := testCreateSandbox(t, testSandboxID, MockHypervisor, hConfig, NoopAgentType, NetworkConfig{}, nil, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -942,7 +941,7 @@ func TestContainerSetStateBlockIndex(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	hConfig := newHypervisorConfig(nil, nil)
-	sandbox, err := testCreateSandbox(t, testSandboxID, MockHypervisor, hConfig, NoopAgentType, NoopNetworkModel, NetworkConfig{}, containers, nil)
+	sandbox, err := testCreateSandbox(t, testSandboxID, MockHypervisor, hConfig, NoopAgentType, NetworkConfig{}, containers, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -1041,7 +1040,7 @@ func TestContainerStateSetFstype(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	hConfig := newHypervisorConfig(nil, nil)
-	sandbox, err := testCreateSandbox(t, testSandboxID, MockHypervisor, hConfig, NoopAgentType, NoopNetworkModel, NetworkConfig{}, containers, nil)
+	sandbox, err := testCreateSandbox(t, testSandboxID, MockHypervisor, hConfig, NoopAgentType, NetworkConfig{}, containers, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -1315,7 +1314,7 @@ func TestRemoveContainerSuccess(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCreateContainer(t *testing.T) {
-	s, err := testCreateSandbox(t, testSandboxID, MockHypervisor, newHypervisorConfig(nil, nil), NoopAgentType, NoopNetworkModel, NetworkConfig{}, nil, nil)
+	s, err := testCreateSandbox(t, testSandboxID, MockHypervisor, newHypervisorConfig(nil, nil), NoopAgentType, NetworkConfig{}, nil, nil)
 	assert.Nil(t, err, "VirtContainers should not allow empty sandboxes")
 	defer cleanUp()
 
@@ -1326,7 +1325,7 @@ func TestCreateContainer(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestDeleteContainer(t *testing.T) {
-	s, err := testCreateSandbox(t, testSandboxID, MockHypervisor, newHypervisorConfig(nil, nil), NoopAgentType, NoopNetworkModel, NetworkConfig{}, nil, nil)
+	s, err := testCreateSandbox(t, testSandboxID, MockHypervisor, newHypervisorConfig(nil, nil), NoopAgentType, NetworkConfig{}, nil, nil)
 	assert.Nil(t, err, "VirtContainers should not allow empty sandboxes")
 	defer cleanUp()
 
@@ -1343,7 +1342,7 @@ func TestDeleteContainer(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestStartContainer(t *testing.T) {
-	s, err := testCreateSandbox(t, testSandboxID, MockHypervisor, newHypervisorConfig(nil, nil), NoopAgentType, NoopNetworkModel, NetworkConfig{}, nil, nil)
+	s, err := testCreateSandbox(t, testSandboxID, MockHypervisor, newHypervisorConfig(nil, nil), NoopAgentType, NetworkConfig{}, nil, nil)
 	assert.Nil(t, err, "VirtContainers should not allow empty sandboxes")
 	defer cleanUp()
 
@@ -1363,7 +1362,7 @@ func TestStartContainer(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestStatusContainer(t *testing.T) {
-	s, err := testCreateSandbox(t, testSandboxID, MockHypervisor, newHypervisorConfig(nil, nil), NoopAgentType, NoopNetworkModel, NetworkConfig{}, nil, nil)
+	s, err := testCreateSandbox(t, testSandboxID, MockHypervisor, newHypervisorConfig(nil, nil), NoopAgentType, NetworkConfig{}, nil, nil)
 	assert.Nil(t, err, "VirtContainers should not allow empty sandboxes")
 	defer cleanUp()
 
@@ -1383,7 +1382,7 @@ func TestStatusContainer(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestStatusSandbox(t *testing.T) {
-	s, err := testCreateSandbox(t, testSandboxID, MockHypervisor, newHypervisorConfig(nil, nil), NoopAgentType, NoopNetworkModel, NetworkConfig{}, nil, nil)
+	s, err := testCreateSandbox(t, testSandboxID, MockHypervisor, newHypervisorConfig(nil, nil), NoopAgentType, NetworkConfig{}, nil, nil)
 	assert.Nil(t, err, "VirtContainers should not allow empty sandboxes")
 	defer cleanUp()
 
@@ -1391,7 +1390,7 @@ func TestStatusSandbox(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestEnterContainer(t *testing.T) {
-	s, err := testCreateSandbox(t, testSandboxID, MockHypervisor, newHypervisorConfig(nil, nil), NoopAgentType, NoopNetworkModel, NetworkConfig{}, nil, nil)
+	s, err := testCreateSandbox(t, testSandboxID, MockHypervisor, newHypervisorConfig(nil, nil), NoopAgentType, NetworkConfig{}, nil, nil)
 	assert.Nil(t, err, "VirtContainers should not allow empty sandboxes")
 	defer cleanUp()
 
@@ -1415,7 +1414,7 @@ func TestEnterContainer(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestMonitor(t *testing.T) {
-	s, err := testCreateSandbox(t, testSandboxID, MockHypervisor, newHypervisorConfig(nil, nil), NoopAgentType, NoopNetworkModel, NetworkConfig{}, nil, nil)
+	s, err := testCreateSandbox(t, testSandboxID, MockHypervisor, newHypervisorConfig(nil, nil), NoopAgentType, NetworkConfig{}, nil, nil)
 	assert.Nil(t, err, "VirtContainers should not allow empty sandboxes")
 	defer cleanUp()
 
@@ -1435,7 +1434,7 @@ func TestMonitor(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestWaitProcess(t *testing.T) {
-	s, err := testCreateSandbox(t, testSandboxID, MockHypervisor, newHypervisorConfig(nil, nil), NoopAgentType, NoopNetworkModel, NetworkConfig{}, nil, nil)
+	s, err := testCreateSandbox(t, testSandboxID, MockHypervisor, newHypervisorConfig(nil, nil), NoopAgentType, NetworkConfig{}, nil, nil)
 	assert.Nil(t, err, "VirtContainers should not allow empty sandboxes")
 	defer cleanUp()
 
@@ -1465,7 +1464,7 @@ func TestWaitProcess(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestSignalProcess(t *testing.T) {
-	s, err := testCreateSandbox(t, testSandboxID, MockHypervisor, newHypervisorConfig(nil, nil), NoopAgentType, NoopNetworkModel, NetworkConfig{}, nil, nil)
+	s, err := testCreateSandbox(t, testSandboxID, MockHypervisor, newHypervisorConfig(nil, nil), NoopAgentType, NetworkConfig{}, nil, nil)
 	assert.Nil(t, err, "VirtContainers should not allow empty sandboxes")
 	defer cleanUp()
 
@@ -1495,7 +1494,7 @@ func TestSignalProcess(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestWinsizeProcess(t *testing.T) {
-	s, err := testCreateSandbox(t, testSandboxID, MockHypervisor, newHypervisorConfig(nil, nil), NoopAgentType, NoopNetworkModel, NetworkConfig{}, nil, nil)
+	s, err := testCreateSandbox(t, testSandboxID, MockHypervisor, newHypervisorConfig(nil, nil), NoopAgentType, NetworkConfig{}, nil, nil)
 	assert.Nil(t, err, "VirtContainers should not allow empty sandboxes")
 	defer cleanUp()
 
@@ -1525,7 +1524,7 @@ func TestWinsizeProcess(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestContainerProcessIOStream(t *testing.T) {
-	s, err := testCreateSandbox(t, testSandboxID, MockHypervisor, newHypervisorConfig(nil, nil), NoopAgentType, NoopNetworkModel, NetworkConfig{}, nil, nil)
+	s, err := testCreateSandbox(t, testSandboxID, MockHypervisor, newHypervisorConfig(nil, nil), NoopAgentType, NetworkConfig{}, nil, nil)
 	assert.Nil(t, err, "VirtContainers should not allow empty sandboxes")
 	defer cleanUp()
 
@@ -1749,7 +1748,6 @@ func TestStartNetworkMonitor(t *testing.T) {
 				},
 			},
 		},
-		network: &defNetwork{},
 		networkNS: NetworkNamespace{
 			NetNsPath: fmt.Sprintf("/proc/%d/task/%d/ns/net", os.Getpid(), unix.Gettid()),
 		},