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Merge pull request #1697 from mandiant/dynamic-feature-extraction
add dynamic analysis
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Original file line number | Diff line number | Diff line change |
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@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@ | ||
[submodule "rules"] | ||
path = rules | ||
url = ../capa-rules.git | ||
branch = dynamic-syntax | ||
[submodule "tests/data"] | ||
path = tests/data | ||
url = ../capa-testfiles.git | ||
branch = dynamic-feature-extractor |
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@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ | |
[![License](https://img.shields.io/badge/license-Apache--2.0-green.svg)](LICENSE.txt) | ||
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capa detects capabilities in executable files. | ||
You run it against a PE, ELF, .NET module, or shellcode file and it tells you what it thinks the program can do. | ||
You run it against a PE, ELF, .NET module, shellcode file, or a sandbox report and it tells you what it thinks the program can do. | ||
For example, it might suggest that the file is a backdoor, is capable of installing services, or relies on HTTP to communicate. | ||
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Check out: | ||
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@@ -125,6 +125,96 @@ function @ 0x4011C0 | |
... | ||
``` | ||
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Additionally, capa also supports analyzing [CAPE](https://github.com/kevoreilly/CAPEv2) sandbox reports for dynamic capabilty extraction. | ||
In order to use this, you first submit your sample to CAPE for analysis, and then run capa against the generated report (JSON). | ||
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Here's an example of running capa against a packed binary, and then running capa against the CAPE report of that binary: | ||
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```yaml | ||
$ capa 05be49819139a3fdcdbddbdefd298398779521f3d68daa25275cc77508e42310.exe | ||
WARNING:capa.capabilities.common:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ||
WARNING:capa.capabilities.common: This sample appears to be packed. | ||
WARNING:capa.capabilities.common: | ||
WARNING:capa.capabilities.common: Packed samples have often been obfuscated to hide their logic. | ||
WARNING:capa.capabilities.common: capa cannot handle obfuscation well using static analysis. This means the results may be misleading or incomplete. | ||
WARNING:capa.capabilities.common: If possible, you should try to unpack this input file before analyzing it with capa. | ||
WARNING:capa.capabilities.common: Alternatively, run the sample in a supported sandbox and invoke capa against the report to obtain dynamic analysis results. | ||
WARNING:capa.capabilities.common: | ||
WARNING:capa.capabilities.common: Identified via rule: (internal) packer file limitation | ||
WARNING:capa.capabilities.common: | ||
WARNING:capa.capabilities.common: Use -v or -vv if you really want to see the capabilities identified by capa. | ||
WARNING:capa.capabilities.common:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ||
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$ capa 05be49819139a3fdcdbddbdefd298398779521f3d68daa25275cc77508e42310.json | ||
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┍━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┑ | ||
│ ATT&CK Tactic │ ATT&CK Technique │ | ||
┝━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┿━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┥ | ||
│ CREDENTIAL ACCESS │ Credentials from Password Stores T1555 │ | ||
├────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤ | ||
│ DEFENSE EVASION │ File and Directory Permissions Modification T1222 │ | ||
│ │ Modify Registry T1112 │ | ||
│ │ Obfuscated Files or Information T1027 │ | ||
│ │ Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion::User Activity Based Checks T1497.002 │ | ||
├────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤ | ||
│ DISCOVERY │ Account Discovery T1087 │ | ||
│ │ Application Window Discovery T1010 │ | ||
│ │ File and Directory Discovery T1083 │ | ||
│ │ Query Registry T1012 │ | ||
│ │ System Information Discovery T1082 │ | ||
│ │ System Location Discovery::System Language Discovery T1614.001 │ | ||
│ │ System Owner/User Discovery T1033 │ | ||
├────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤ | ||
│ EXECUTION │ System Services::Service Execution T1569.002 │ | ||
├────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤ | ||
│ PERSISTENCE │ Boot or Logon Autostart Execution::Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder T1547.001 │ | ||
│ │ Boot or Logon Autostart Execution::Winlogon Helper DLL T1547.004 │ | ||
│ │ Create or Modify System Process::Windows Service T1543.003 │ | ||
┕━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┙ | ||
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┍━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┑ | ||
│ Capability │ Namespace │ | ||
┝━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┿━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┥ | ||
│ check for unmoving mouse cursor (3 matches) │ anti-analysis/anti-vm/vm-detection │ | ||
│ gather bitkinex information │ collection/file-managers │ | ||
│ gather classicftp information │ collection/file-managers │ | ||
│ gather filezilla information │ collection/file-managers │ | ||
│ gather total-commander information │ collection/file-managers │ | ||
│ gather ultrafxp information │ collection/file-managers │ | ||
│ resolve DNS (23 matches) │ communication/dns │ | ||
│ initialize Winsock library (7 matches) │ communication/socket │ | ||
│ act as TCP client (3 matches) │ communication/tcp/client │ | ||
│ create new key via CryptAcquireContext │ data-manipulation/encryption │ | ||
│ encrypt or decrypt via WinCrypt │ data-manipulation/encryption │ | ||
│ hash data via WinCrypt │ data-manipulation/hashing │ | ||
│ initialize hashing via WinCrypt │ data-manipulation/hashing │ | ||
│ hash data with MD5 │ data-manipulation/hashing/md5 │ | ||
│ generate random numbers via WinAPI │ data-manipulation/prng │ | ||
│ extract resource via kernel32 functions (2 matches) │ executable/resource │ | ||
│ interact with driver via control codes (2 matches) │ host-interaction/driver │ | ||
│ get Program Files directory (18 matches) │ host-interaction/file-system │ | ||
│ get common file path (575 matches) │ host-interaction/file-system │ | ||
│ create directory (2 matches) │ host-interaction/file-system/create │ | ||
│ delete file │ host-interaction/file-system/delete │ | ||
│ get file attributes (122 matches) │ host-interaction/file-system/meta │ | ||
│ set file attributes (8 matches) │ host-interaction/file-system/meta │ | ||
│ move file │ host-interaction/file-system/move │ | ||
│ find taskbar (3 matches) │ host-interaction/gui/taskbar/find │ | ||
│ get keyboard layout (12 matches) │ host-interaction/hardware/keyboard │ | ||
│ get disk size │ host-interaction/hardware/storage │ | ||
│ get hostname (4 matches) │ host-interaction/os/hostname │ | ||
│ allocate or change RWX memory (3 matches) │ host-interaction/process/inject │ | ||
│ query or enumerate registry key (3 matches) │ host-interaction/registry │ | ||
│ query or enumerate registry value (8 matches) │ host-interaction/registry │ | ||
│ delete registry key │ host-interaction/registry/delete │ | ||
│ start service │ host-interaction/service/start │ | ||
│ get session user name │ host-interaction/session │ | ||
│ persist via Run registry key │ persistence/registry/run │ | ||
│ persist via Winlogon Helper DLL registry key │ persistence/registry/winlogon-helper │ | ||
│ persist via Windows service (2 matches) │ persistence/service │ | ||
┕━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┙ | ||
``` | ||
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capa uses a collection of rules to identify capabilities within a program. | ||
These rules are easy to write, even for those new to reverse engineering. | ||
By authoring rules, you can extend the capabilities that capa recognizes. | ||
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@@ -135,31 +225,30 @@ Here's an example rule used by capa: | |
```yaml | ||
rule: | ||
meta: | ||
name: hash data with CRC32 | ||
namespace: data-manipulation/checksum/crc32 | ||
name: create TCP socket | ||
namespace: communication/socket/tcp | ||
authors: | ||
- [email protected] | ||
scope: function | ||
- [email protected] | ||
- [email protected] | ||
- [email protected] | ||
scopes: | ||
static: basic block | ||
dynamic: call | ||
mbc: | ||
- Data::Checksum::CRC32 [C0032.001] | ||
- Communication::Socket Communication::Create TCP Socket [C0001.011] | ||
examples: | ||
- 2D3EDC218A90F03089CC01715A9F047F:0x403CBD | ||
- 7D28CB106CB54876B2A5C111724A07CD:0x402350 # RtlComputeCrc32 | ||
- 7EFF498DE13CC734262F87E6B3EF38AB:0x100084A6 | ||
- Practical Malware Analysis Lab 01-01.dll_:0x10001010 | ||
features: | ||
- or: | ||
- and: | ||
- mnemonic: shr | ||
- number: 6 = IPPROTO_TCP | ||
- number: 1 = SOCK_STREAM | ||
- number: 2 = AF_INET | ||
- or: | ||
- number: 0xEDB88320 | ||
- bytes: 00 00 00 00 96 30 07 77 2C 61 0E EE BA 51 09 99 19 C4 6D 07 8F F4 6A 70 35 A5 63 E9 A3 95 64 9E = crc32_tab | ||
- number: 8 | ||
- characteristic: nzxor | ||
- and: | ||
- number: 0x8320 | ||
- number: 0xEDB8 | ||
- characteristic: nzxor | ||
- api: RtlComputeCrc32 | ||
- api: ws2_32.socket | ||
- api: ws2_32.WSASocket | ||
- api: socket | ||
- property/read: System.Net.Sockets.TcpClient::Client | ||
``` | ||
The [github.com/mandiant/capa-rules](https://github.com/mandiant/capa-rules) repository contains hundreds of standard library rules that are distributed with capa. | ||
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