| SLH-DSA for X.509 | +plain text | +diff with main | +
| Internet-Draft | +SLH-DSA for X.509 | +October 2024 | +
| Bashiri, et al. | +Expires 2 May 2025 | +[Page] | +
Digital signatures are used within X.509 Public Key Infrastructure such as X.509 certificates, Certificate Revocation Lists (CRLs), and to sign messages. This document describes the conventions for using the Stateless Hash-Based Digital Signature Algorithm (SLH-DSA) in X.509 Public Key Infrastructure. The conventions for the associated signatures, subject public keys, and private keys are also described.¶
+This note is to be removed before publishing as an RFC.¶
++ Status information for this document may be found at https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-lamps-x509-slhdsa/.¶
++ Discussion of this document takes place on the + LAMPS Working Group mailing list (mailto:spasm@ietf.org), + which is archived at https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/browse/spasm/. + Subscribe at https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/spasm/.¶
+Source for this draft and an issue tracker can be found at + https://github.com/x509-hbs/draft-x509-slhdsa.¶
++ This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the + provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.¶
++ Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task + Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working + documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-Drafts is + at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.¶
++ Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months + and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any + time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference + material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."¶
++ This Internet-Draft will expire on 2 May 2025.¶
++ Copyright (c) 2024 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the + document authors. All rights reserved.¶
++ This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal + Provisions Relating to IETF Documents + (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of + publication of this document. Please review these documents + carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with + respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this + document must include Revised BSD License text as described in + Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without + warranty as described in the Revised BSD License.¶
+The Stateless Hash-Based Digital Signature Algorithm (SLH-DSA) is a quantum-resistant digital signature scheme standardized in [FIPS205] by the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) PQC project [NIST-PQC]. Prior to standardization, the algorithm was known as SPHINCS+. SLH-DSA and SPHINCS+ are not compatible. This document defines the ASN.1 Object Identifiers (OIDs) and conventions for the encoding of SLH-DSA digital signatures, public keys and private keys in the X.509 Public Key Infrastructure.¶
+SLH-DSA offers three security levels. The parameters for each of the security levels were chosen to be at least as secure as a generic block cipher of 128, 192, or 256 bits. There are small (s) and fast (f) versions of the algorithm, and the option to use SHA-256 [FIPS180] or SHAKE256 [FIPS202] as internal hash functions. While the fast versions are optimized for key generation and signing speed, they are actually slower at verification than the SLH-DSA small parameter sets. For example, id-slh-dsa-shake-256s represents the 256-bit security level, the small version of the algorithm, and the use of SHAKE256.¶
+Separate algorithm identifiers have been assigned for SLH-DSA at each of these security levels, fast vs small, and SHA-256 vs SHAKE256.¶
+SLH-DSA offers two signature modes: pure mode and predigest mode. SLH-DSA signature operations include a context string as input. The context string has a maximum length of 255 bytes. By default, the context string is the empty string. +This document only specifies the use of pure mode with an empty context string for use in the X.509 Public Key Infrastructure.¶
+The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", +"MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as +described in BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they +appear in all capitals, as shown here.¶
+The AlgorithmIdentifier type, which is included herein for convenience, is defined as follows:¶
+
+AlgorithmIdentifier{ALGORITHM-TYPE, ALGORITHM-TYPE:AlgorithmSet} ::=
+ SEQUENCE {
+ algorithm ALGORITHM-TYPE.&id({AlgorithmSet}),
+ parameters ALGORITHM-TYPE.
+ &Params({AlgorithmSet}{@algorithm}) OPTIONAL
+ }
+¶
+The fields in AlgorithmIdentifier have the following meanings:¶
+algorithm identifies the cryptographic algorithm with an object identifier.¶
+parameters, which are optional, are the associated parameters for the algorithm identifier in the algorithm field.¶
+The SLH-DSA OIDs are:¶
+
+ nistAlgorithms OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { joint-iso-itu-t(2)
+ country(16) us(840) organization(1) gov(101) csor(3) 4 }
+
+ sigAlgs OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { nistAlgorithms 3 }
+
+ id-slh-dsa-sha2-128s OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sigAlgs 20 }
+
+ id-slh-dsa-sha2-128f OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sigAlgs 21 }
+
+ id-slh-dsa-sha2-192s OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sigAlgs 22 }
+
+ id-slh-dsa-sha2-192f OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sigAlgs 23 }
+
+ id-slh-dsa-sha2-256s OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sigAlgs 24 }
+
+ id-slh-dsa-sha2-256f OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sigAlgs 25 }
+
+ id-slh-dsa-shake-128s OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sigAlgs 26 }
+
+ id-slh-dsa-shake-128f OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sigAlgs 27 }
+
+ id-slh-dsa-shake-192s OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sigAlgs 28 }
+
+ id-slh-dsa-shake-192f OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sigAlgs 29 }
+
+ id-slh-dsa-shake-256s OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sigAlgs 30 }
+
+ id-slh-dsa-shake-256f OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sigAlgs 31 }
+¶
+The contents of the parameters component for each algorithm are absent.¶
+SLH-DSA is a digital signature scheme built upon hash functions. The security of SLH-DSA relies on the presumed difficulty of finding preimages for hash functions as well as several related properties of the same hash functions.¶
+Signatures can be placed in a number of different ASN.1 structures. +The top level structure for a certificate is given below as being +illustrative of how signatures are frequently encoded with an +algorithm identifier and a location for the signature.¶
+
+ Certificate ::= SIGNED{ TBSCertificate }
+
+ SIGNED{ToBeSigned} ::= SEQUENCE {
+ toBeSigned ToBeSigned,
+ algorithmIdentifier SEQUENCE {
+ algorithm SIGNATURE-ALGORITHM.
+ &id({SignatureAlgorithms}),
+ parameters SIGNATURE-ALGORITHM.
+ &Params({SignatureAlgorithms}
+ {@algorithmIdentifier.algorithm})
+ OPTIONAL
+ },
+ signature BIT STRING (CONTAINING SIGNATURE-ALGORITHM.&Value(
+ {SignatureAlgorithms}
+ {@algorithmIdentifier.algorithm}))
+ }
+¶
+The same algorithm identifiers are used for signatures as are used +for public keys. When used to identify signature algorithms, the +parameters MUST be absent.¶
+The data to be signed is prepared for SLH-DSA. Then, a private key +operation is performed to generate the raw signature value.¶
+Section 9.2 of [FIPS205] defines an SLH-DSA signature as three elements, +R, SIG_FORS and SIG_HT. The raw octet string encoding of an SLH-DSA +public key is the concatenation of these three elements, i.e. R || SIG_FORS || SIG_HT. +The raw octet string representing the signature is encoded +directly in the BIT STRING without adding any additional ASN.1 +wrapping. For example, in the Certificate structure, the raw signature +value is encoded in the "signatureValue" BIT STRING field.¶
+In the X.509 certificate, the subjectPublicKeyInfo field has the SubjectPublicKeyInfo type, which has the following ASN.1 syntax:¶
+
+ SubjectPublicKeyInfo {PUBLIC-KEY: IOSet} ::= SEQUENCE {
+ algorithm AlgorithmIdentifier {PUBLIC-KEY, {IOSet}},
+ subjectPublicKey BIT STRING }
+¶
+The fields in SubjectPublicKeyInfo have the following meanings:¶
+algorithm is the algorithm identifier and parameters for the public key (see above).¶
+subjectPublicKey contains the byte stream of the public key.¶
+[I-D.ietf-lamps-cms-sphincs-plus] defines the following public key identifiers for SLH-DSA:¶
+
+ pk-slh-dsa-sha2-128s PUBLIC-KEY ::= {
+ IDENTIFIER id-slh-dsa-sha2-128s
+ -- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping --
+ CERT-KEY-USAGE
+ { digitalSignature, nonRepudiation, keyCertSign, cRLSign }
+ -- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- }
+
+ pk-slh-dsa-sha2-128f PUBLIC-KEY ::= {
+ IDENTIFIER id-slh-dsa-sha2-128f
+ -- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping --
+ CERT-KEY-USAGE
+ { digitalSignature, nonRepudiation, keyCertSign, cRLSign }
+ -- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- }
+
+ pk-slh-dsa-sha2-192s PUBLIC-KEY ::= {
+ IDENTIFIER id-slh-dsa-sha2-192s
+ -- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping --
+ CERT-KEY-USAGE
+ { digitalSignature, nonRepudiation, keyCertSign, cRLSign }
+ -- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- }
+
+ pk-slh-dsa-sha2-192f PUBLIC-KEY ::= {
+ IDENTIFIER id-slh-dsa-sha2-192f
+ -- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping --
+ CERT-KEY-USAGE
+ { digitalSignature, nonRepudiation, keyCertSign, cRLSign }
+ -- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- }
+
+ pk-slh-dsa-sha2-256s PUBLIC-KEY ::= {
+ IDENTIFIER id-slh-dsa-sha2-256s
+ -- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping --
+ CERT-KEY-USAGE
+ { digitalSignature, nonRepudiation, keyCertSign, cRLSign }
+ -- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- }
+
+ pk-slh-dsa-sha2-256f PUBLIC-KEY ::= {
+ IDENTIFIER id-slh-dsa-sha2-256f
+ -- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping --
+ CERT-KEY-USAGE
+ { digitalSignature, nonRepudiation, keyCertSign, cRLSign }
+ -- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- }
+
+ pk-slh-dsa-shake-128s PUBLIC-KEY ::= {
+ IDENTIFIER id-slh-dsa-shake-128s
+ -- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping --
+ CERT-KEY-USAGE
+ { digitalSignature, nonRepudiation, keyCertSign, cRLSign }
+ -- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- }
+
+ pk-slh-dsa-shake-128f PUBLIC-KEY ::= {
+ IDENTIFIER id-slh-dsa-shake-128f
+ -- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping --
+ CERT-KEY-USAGE
+ { digitalSignature, nonRepudiation, keyCertSign, cRLSign }
+ -- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- }
+
+ pk-slh-dsa-shake-192s PUBLIC-KEY ::= {
+ IDENTIFIER id-slh-dsa-shake-192s
+ -- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping --
+ CERT-KEY-USAGE
+ { digitalSignature, nonRepudiation, keyCertSign, cRLSign }
+ -- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- }
+
+ pk-slh-dsa-shake-192f PUBLIC-KEY ::= {
+ IDENTIFIER id-slh-dsa-shake-192f
+ -- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping --
+ CERT-KEY-USAGE
+ { digitalSignature, nonRepudiation, keyCertSign, cRLSign }
+ -- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- }
+
+ pk-slh-dsa-shake-256s PUBLIC-KEY ::= {
+ IDENTIFIER id-slh-dsa-shake-256s
+ -- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping --
+ CERT-KEY-USAGE
+ { digitalSignature, nonRepudiation, keyCertSign, cRLSign }
+ -- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- }
+
+ pk-slh-dsa-shake-256f PUBLIC-KEY ::= {
+ IDENTIFIER id-slh-dsa-shake-256f
+ -- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping --
+ CERT-KEY-USAGE
+ { digitalSignature, nonRepudiation, keyCertSign, cRLSign }
+ -- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- }
+
+ SLH-DSA-PublicKey ::= OCTET STRING
+¶
+Section 9.1 of [FIPS205] defines an SLH-DSA public key as two n-byte elements, +PK.seed and PK.root. The raw octet string encoding of an SLH-DSA +public key is the concatenation of these two elements, i.e. PK.seed || PK.root. The octet +string length is 2*n bytes, where n is 16, 24, or 32, depending on the SLH-DSA parameter +set. When used in a SubjectPublicKeyInfo type, the subjectPublicKey BIT STRING +contains the raw octet string encoding of the public key.¶
+[I-D.ietf-lamps-cms-sphincs-plus] defines the SLH-DSA-PublicKey ASN.1 +OCTET STRING type to provide an option for encoding a public key in an +environment that uses ASN.1 encoding but doesn't define its own mapping of an +SLH-DSA raw octet string to ASN.1. To map an SLH-DSA-PublicKey OCTET STRING to +a SubjectPublicKeyInfo, the OCTET STRING is mapped to the subjectPublicKey +field (a value of type BIT STRING) as follows: the most significant +bit of the OCTET STRING value becomes the most significant bit of the BIT +STRING value, and so on; the least significant bit of the OCTET STRING +becomes the least significant bit of the BIT STRING.¶
+The AlgorithmIdentifier for an SLH-DSA public key MUST use one of the id-slh-dsa-* object identifiers from Section 3. The parameters field of the AlgorithmIdentifier for the SLH-DSA public key MUST be absent.¶
+Appendix C.1 contains an example of an id-slh-dsa-sha2-128s public +key encoded using the textual encoding defined in [RFC7468].¶
+The intended application for the key is indicated in the keyUsage certificate extension; see Section 4.2.1.3 of [RFC5280]. If the keyUsage extension is present in a certificate that indicates an id-slh-dsa-* identifier in the SubjectPublicKeyInfo, then at least one of the following MUST be present:¶
++ digitalSignature; or + nonRepudiation; or + keyCertSign; or + cRLSign. +¶ +
If the keyUsage extension is present in a certificate that indicates an id-slh-dsa-* identifier in the SubjectPublicKeyInfo, then the following MUST NOT be present:¶
++ keyEncipherment; or + dataEncipherment; or + keyAgreement; or + encipherOnly; or + decipherOnly. +¶ +
Requirements about the keyUsage extension bits defined in [RFC5280] still apply.¶
+"Asymmetric Key Packages" [RFC5958] describes how to encode a private +key in a structure that both identifies what algorithm the private +key is for and optionally allows for the public key and additional attributes +about the key to be included as well. For illustration, the ASN.1 +structure OneAsymmetricKey is replicated below.¶
+
+ OneAsymmetricKey ::= SEQUENCE {
+ version Version,
+ privateKeyAlgorithm PrivateKeyAlgorithmIdentifier,
+ privateKey PrivateKey,
+ attributes [0] IMPLICIT Attributes OPTIONAL,
+ ...,
+ [[2: publicKey [1] IMPLICIT PublicKey OPTIONAL ]],
+ ...
+ }
+
+ PrivateKey ::= OCTET STRING
+
+ PublicKey ::= BIT STRING
+¶
+Section 9.1 of [FIPS205] defines an SLH-DSA private key as four n-byte +elements, SK.seed, SK.prf, PK.seed and PK.root. The raw octet string +encoding of an SLH-DSA private key is the concatenation of these four +elements, i.e. SK.seed || SK.prf || PK.seed || PK.root. The octet string +length is 4*n bytes, where n is 16, 24, or 32, depending on the SLH-DSA parameter +set. When used in a OneAsymmetricKey type, the privateKey +OCTET STRING contains the raw octet string encoding of the private key.¶
+When an SLH-DSA public key is included in a OneAsymmetricKey type, it is +encoded in the same manner as in a SubjectPublicKeyInfo type. That is, the +publicKey BIT STRING contains the raw octet string encoding of the public +key.¶
+Appendix C.2 contains an example of an id-slh-dsa-sha2-128s private +key encoded using the textual encoding defined in [RFC7468].¶
+NOTE: There exist some private key import functions that have not +picked up the new ASN.1 structure OneAsymmetricKey that is defined in +[RFC5958]. This means that they will not accept a private key +structure that contains the public key field. This means a balancing +act needs to be done between being able to do a consistency check on +the key pair and widest ability to import the key.¶
+The security considerations of [RFC5280] apply accordingly.¶
+Implementations MUST protect the private keys. Compromise of the +private keys may result in the ability to forge signatures.¶
+When generating an SLH-DSA key pair, an implementation MUST generate +each key pair independently of all other key pairs in the SLH-DSA +hypertree.¶
+A SLH-DSA tree MUST NOT be used for more than 2^64 signing +operations.¶
+The generation of private keys relies on random numbers. The use of +inadequate pseudo-random number generators (PRNGs) to generate these +values can result in little or no security. An attacker may find it +much easier to reproduce the PRNG environment that produced the keys, +searching the resulting small set of possibilities, rather than brute +force searching the whole key space. The generation of quality +random numbers is difficult, and [RFC4086] offers important guidance +in this area.¶
+Implementers SHOULD consider their particular use cases and may +choose to implement OPTIONAL fault attack countermeasures [CMP2018],[Ge2023]. +Verifying a signature before releasing the signature value +is a typical fault attack countermeasure; however, this +countermeasure is not effective for SLH-DSA [Ge2023]. Redundancy by +replicating the signature generation process can be used as an +effective fault attack countermeasure for SLH-DSA [Ge2023]; however, +the SLH-DSA signature generation is already considered slow.¶
+Likewise, Implementers SHOULD consider their particular use cases and +may choose to implement protections against passive power and +emissions side-channel attacks [SLotH].¶
+For the ASN.1 Module in the Appendix of this document, IANA is +requested to assign an object identifier (OID) for the module +identifier (TBD1) with a Description of "id-mod-x509-slh-dsa-2024". The +OID for the module should be allocated in the "SMI Security for PKIX +Module Identifier" registry (1.3.6.1.5.5.7.0).¶
+This appendix includes the ASN.1 module [X680] for SLH-DSA. Note that +as per [RFC5280], certificates use the Distinguished Encoding Rules; see +[X690]. This module imports objects from [RFC5912] and [I-D.ietf-lamps-cms-sphincs-plus].¶
+ +
+<CODE BEGINS>
+X509-SLH-DSA-Module-2024
+ { iso(1) identified-organization(3) dod(6) internet(1) security(5)
+ mechanisms(5) pkix(7) id-mod(0) id-mod-x509-slh-dsa-2024(TBD1) }
+
+DEFINITIONS IMPLICIT TAGS ::= BEGIN
+
+EXPORTS ALL;
+
+IMPORTS
+ PUBLIC-KEY, SIGNATURE-ALGORITHM
+ FROM AlgorithmInformation-2009 -- in [RFC5912]
+ { iso(1) identified-organization(3) dod(6) internet(1)
+ security(5) mechanisms(5) pkix(7) id-mod(0)
+ id-mod-algorithmInformation-02(58) }
+
+ pk-slh-dsa-sha2-128s, pk-slh-dsa-sha2-128f,
+ pk-slh-dsa-sha2-192s, pk-slh-dsa-sha2-192f,
+ pk-slh-dsa-sha2-256s, pk-slh-dsa-sha2-256f,
+ pk-slh-dsa-shake-128s, pk-slh-dsa-shake-128f,
+ pk-slh-dsa-shake-192s, pk-slh-dsa-shake-192f,
+ pk-slh-dsa-shake-256s, pk-slh-dsa-shake-256f,
+ sa-slh-dsa-sha2-128s, sa-slh-dsa-sha2-128f,
+ sa-slh-dsa-sha2-192s, sa-slh-dsa-sha2-192f,
+ sa-slh-dsa-sha2-256s, sa-slh-dsa-sha2-256f,
+ sa-slh-dsa-shake-128s, sa-slh-dsa-shake-128f,
+ sa-slh-dsa-shake-192s, sa-slh-dsa-shake-192f,
+ sa-slh-dsa-shake-256s, sa-slh-dsa-shake-256f
+ FROM SLH-DSA-Module-2024 -- in [I-D.ietf-lamps-cms-sphincs-plus]
+ { iso(1) member-body(2) us(840) rsadsi(113549) pkcs(1) pkcs9(9)
+ id-smime(16) id-mod(0) id-mod-slh-dsa-2024(TBD2) } ;
+
+--
+-- Expand SignatureAlgorithms from RFC 5912
+--
+SignatureAlgorithms SIGNATURE-ALGORITHM ::= {
+ sa-slh-dsa-sha2-128s |
+ sa-slh-dsa-sha2-128f |
+ sa-slh-dsa-sha2-192s |
+ sa-slh-dsa-sha2-192f |
+ sa-slh-dsa-sha2-256s |
+ sa-slh-dsa-sha2-256f |
+ sa-slh-dsa-shake-128s |
+ sa-slh-dsa-shake-128f |
+ sa-slh-dsa-shake-192s |
+ sa-slh-dsa-shake-192f |
+ sa-slh-dsa-shake-256s |
+ sa-slh-dsa-shake-256f,
+ ... }
+
+--
+-- Expand PublicKeyAlgorithms from RFC 5912
+--
+PublicKeyAlgorithms PUBLIC-KEY ::= {
+ pk-slh-dsa-sha2-128s |
+ pk-slh-dsa-sha2-128f |
+ pk-slh-dsa-sha2-192s |
+ pk-slh-dsa-sha2-192f |
+ pk-slh-dsa-sha2-256s |
+ pk-slh-dsa-sha2-256f |
+ pk-slh-dsa-shake-128s |
+ pk-slh-dsa-shake-128f |
+ pk-slh-dsa-shake-192s |
+ pk-slh-dsa-shake-192f |
+ pk-slh-dsa-shake-256s |
+ pk-slh-dsa-shake-256f,
+ ... }
+
+END
+<CODE ENDS>
+¶
+Instead of defining the strength of a quantum algorithm in a traditional manner using precise estimates of the number of bits of security, NIST has instead elected to define a collection of broad security strength categories. Each category is defined by a comparatively easy-to-analyze reference primitive that cover a range of security strengths offered by existing NIST standards in symmetric cryptography, which NIST expects to offer significant resistance to quantum cryptanalysis. These categories describe any attack that breaks the relevant security definition that must require computational resources comparable to or greater than those required for: Level 1 - key search on a block cipher with a 128-bit key (e.g., AES128), Level 2 - collision search on a 256-bit hash function (e.g., SHA256/ SHA3-256), Level 3 - key search on a block cipher with a 192-bit key (e.g., AES192), Level 4 - collision search on a 384-bit hash function (e.g. SHA384/SHA3-384), Level 5 - key search on a block cipher with a 256-bit key (e.g., AES 256).¶
+The SLH-DSA parameter sets defined for NIST security levels 1, 3 and 5 are listed in Table 1, along with the resulting signature size, public key, and private key sizes in bytes.¶
+| OID | +NIST Level | +Sig. | +Pub. Key | +Priv. Key | +
|---|---|---|---|---|
| id-slh-dsa-sha2-128s | +1 | +7856 | +32 | +64 | +
| id-slh-dsa-sha2-128f | +1 | +17088 | +32 | +64 | +
| id-slh-dsa-sha2-192s | +3 | +16224 | +48 | +96 | +
| id-slh-dsa-sha2-192f | +3 | +35664 | +48 | +96 | +
| id-slh-dsa-sha2-256s | +5 | +29792 | +64 | +128 | +
| id-slh-dsa-sha2-256f | +5 | +49856 | +64 | +128 | +
| id-slh-dsa-shake-128s | +1 | +7856 | +32 | +64 | +
| id-slh-dsa-shake-128f | +1 | +17088 | +32 | +64 | +
| id-slh-dsa-shake-192s | +3 | +16224 | +48 | +96 | +
| id-slh-dsa-shake-192f | +3 | +35664 | +48 | +96 | +
| id-slh-dsa-shake-256s | +5 | +29792 | +64 | +128 | +
| id-slh-dsa-shake-256f | +5 | +49856 | +64 | +128 | +
This appendix contains examples of SLH-DSA public keys, private keys and certificates.¶
+An example of a SLH-DSA public key using id-slh-dsa-sha2-128s:¶
++-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY----- +MDAwCwYJYIZIAWUDBAMUAyEAK4EJ7Hd8qk4fAkzPz5SX2ZGAUJKA9CVq8rB6+AKJ +tJQ= +-----END PUBLIC KEY----- +¶ +
+ 0 48: SEQUENCE {
+ 2 11: SEQUENCE {
+ 4 9: OBJECT IDENTIFIER '2 16 840 1 101 3 4 3 20'
+ : }
+ 15 33: BIT STRING
+ : 2B 81 09 EC 77 7C AA 4E 1F 02 4C CF CF 94 97 D9
+ : 91 80 50 92 80 F4 25 6A F2 B0 7A F8 02 89 B4 94
+ : }
+¶
+An example of a SLH-DSA private key without the public key using id-slh-dsa-sha2-128s:¶
++-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY----- +MFICAQAwCwYJYIZIAWUDBAMUBECiJjvKRYYINlIxYASVI9YhZ3+tkNUetgZ6Mn4N +HmSlASuBCex3fKpOHwJMz8+Ul9mRgFCSgPQlavKwevgCibSU +-----END PRIVATE KEY----- +¶ +
+ 0 82: SEQUENCE {
+ 2 1: INTEGER 0
+ 5 11: SEQUENCE {
+ 7 9: OBJECT IDENTIFIER '2 16 840 1 101 3 4 3 20'
+ : }
+ 18 64: OCTET STRING
+ : A2 26 3B CA 45 86 08 36 52 31 60 04 95 23 D6 21
+ : 67 7F AD 90 D5 1E B6 06 7A 32 7E 0D 1E 64 A5 01
+ : 2B 81 09 EC 77 7C AA 4E 1F 02 4C CF CF 94 97 D9
+ : 91 80 50 92 80 F4 25 6A F2 B0 7A F8 02 89 B4 94
+ : }
+¶
+An example or a self-signed SLH-DSA certificate using id-slh-dsa-sha2-128s:¶
++Certificate: + Data: + Version: 3 (0x2) + Serial Number: + 43:85:63:a2:69:01:99:2c:39:cf:bc:40:57:1b:5f:a3: + cc:c7:88:45 + Signature Algorithm: slhdsa_sha2_128s + Issuer: C=FR, L=Paris, O=Bogus SLH-DSA-SHA2-128s CA + Validity + Not Before: Oct 16 13:42:12 2024 GMT + Not After : Oct 14 13:42:12 2034 GMT + Subject: C=FR, L=Paris, O=Bogus SLH-DSA-SHA2-128s CA + Subject Public Key Info: + Public Key Algorithm: slhdsa_sha2_128s + slhdsa_sha2_128s public key: + PQ key material: + 2b:81:09:ec:77:7c:aa:4e:1f:02:4c:cf:cf:94:97: + d9:91:80:50:92:80:f4:25:6a:f2:b0:7a:f8:02:89: + b4:94 + X509v3 extensions: + X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: + CD:59:36:AA:FE:C4:11:C7:A4:72:69:3F:0B:E8:B3:8B: + 21:7B:19:ED + X509v3 Authority Key Identifier: + CD:59:36:AA:FE:C4:11:C7:A4:72:69:3F:0B:E8:B3:8B: + 21:7B:19:ED + X509v3 Basic Constraints: critical + CA:TRUE + X509v3 Key Usage: critical + Certificate Sign, CRL Sign + Signature Algorithm: slhdsa_sha2_128s + Signature Value: + aa:a0:51:de:b0:c3:14:d0:cd:fb:12:46:a2:31:20:c9:ed:ab: + 3f:dc:57:a5:fb:45:f6:f0:3b:7f:e3:5a:8c:b5:87:1e:1f:0b: + 15:9f:aa:56:68:43:7e:ea:23:05:21:d1:33:cb:84:61:55:7e: + 39:74:18:3c:ea:8e:01:a4:8d:9a:fb:35:74:69:c9:62:35:7f: + 0e:34:01:1c:90:41:97:13:ff:c5:a4:65:ae:0f:bf:9b:32:d2: + 2a:2c:97:86:2d:49:eb:ba:ae:9a:70:e7:35:67:3f:0a:7e:3a: + dd:0b:66:4e:f8:45:b2:e6:d8:70:ab:fb:72:60:eb:85:ae:62: + 3c:a4:bf:3c:7a:e5:dd:4a:24:e2:4e:d0:b5:3b:c3:ac:e9:26: + f8:6c:ca:3b:e1:46:15:7f:18:c5:41:40:90:73:b9:19:63:86: + 23:3a:b2:7f:12:3a:5f:bb:c3:10:6c:4e:b2:62:ee:3b:4b:c5: + e2:69:24:74:3e:6e:81:e2:68:48:c8:27:25:bc:b2:ac:da:a8: + ae:75:5a:5c:09:22:1c:be:95:0a:0b:5e:0c:08:49:42:3a:0d: + 2d:fb:89:3b:b3:15:de:ee:e7:b2:5e:1f:a6:f0:4a:f6:65:c1: + 5d:5e:05:7a:6d:2a:e7:c2:c3:20:37:ce:ab:0f:6c:ea:c9:39: + f3:28:d1:75:81:31:7f:01:e2:09:c8:56:81:50:cf:4e:fa:82: + 1a:60:3e:87:bf:61:ca:a0:40:27:95:bf:f8:4f:04:b1:fd:1f: + 7f:ce:29:fa:15:5c:ef:94:9a:f6:f0:0c:7f:09:7f:ec:b6:36: + 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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- +MIIgLTCCAWegAwIBAgIUQ4VjomkBmSw5z7xAVxtfo8zHiEUwCwYJYIZIAWUDBAMU +MEIxCzAJBgNVBAYTAkZSMQ4wDAYDVQQHDAVQYXJpczEjMCEGA1UECgwaQm9ndXMg +U0xILURTQS1TSEEyLTEyOHMgQ0EwHhcNMjQxMDE2MTM0MjEyWhcNMzQxMDE0MTM0 +MjEyWjBCMQswCQYDVQQGEwJGUjEOMAwGA1UEBwwFUGFyaXMxIzAhBgNVBAoMGkJv +Z3VzIFNMSC1EU0EtU0hBMi0xMjhzIENBMDAwCwYJYIZIAWUDBAMUAyEAK4EJ7Hd8 +qk4fAkzPz5SX2ZGAUJKA9CVq8rB6+AKJtJSjYzBhMB0GA1UdDgQWBBTNWTaq/sQR +x6RyaT8L6LOLIXsZ7TAfBgNVHSMEGDAWgBTNWTaq/sQRx6RyaT8L6LOLIXsZ7TAP +BgNVHRMBAf8EBTADAQH/MA4GA1UdDwEB/wQEAwIBBjALBglghkgBZQMEAxQDgh6x +AKqgUd6wwxTQzfsSRqIxIMntqz/cV6X7RfbwO3/jWoy1hx4fCxWfqlZoQ37qIwUh +0TPLhGFVfjl0GDzqjgGkjZr7NXRpyWI1fw40ARyQQZcT/8WkZa4Pv5sy0iosl4Yt +Seu6rppw5zVnPwp+Ot0LZk74RbLm2HCr+3Jg64WuYjykvzx65d1KJOJO0LU7w6zp +JvhsyjvhRhV/GMVBQJBzuRljhiM6sn8SOl+7wxBsTrJi7jtLxeJpJHQ+boHiaEjI +JyW8sqzaqK51WlwJIhy+lQoLXgwISUI6DS37iTuzFd7u57JeH6bwSvZlwV1eBXpt +KufCwyA3zqsPbOrJOfMo0XWBMX8B4gnIVoFQz076ghpgPoe/YcqgQCeVv/hPBLH9 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+84G6LYVkqJnqEQybg1KAAxjAHXKe0gvUjOVZCCilz4tG7+mCm1Tw4glwtC30MdHx +6tpXHBu73rOFR/QZ5MQGhYdUI3Zs4T0owcAlALM001Gv2d8Pi7i1bchT/o1ZuvEO +AAVOv1GbWRBZBw9fJ5mffGujFEAy2uSJjbXG0z/t4/ktFazRqBFBLSxyq6TV9Jyu +1699OeIcj6j/PpJ95HY41P6imW4daxFw497yTR9N5cxEQ/hCyJkRxiki7vkT1QgV +cfwOyoKXsRH7uYwnPL6k19hPPA08gl3PGAEJKMod8Pe6cYDrdnpY6ZG4hnHQcdIT +PLdl58T/J/cv8j8k1cbfbNDdCu7eSxZmb2jOlLH5aWcMxBkgLCl0+KfiAAYTyS0d +T3Z0AyhGebeAstrSOQpWR1/DgZruF5ENSfQjPzbbVUjYFkP/bG/6yqwXyqNiTd5g +XO31o5YzNVMkBpmPMNakuAc94dnKB5tUcFDGDtJLk5wHFreeHtdCjMb9Qc2qTvws +ERpuANtbJW6WyClDrGi+wNMsPBvUtpwqoJ+bFqMq3e0ALLmdk1llgd6pqbiWrMRD +MJMhTDxCBo6r+jeWcsjsIhkbi8oic74I32od1+8TC0Ou/aDWoRCK914T5V2hgcCB +Bj9f6rPheJn1LRxWC9/DHU4f9uointgzEyu76T+xF88zDoCFcnJywK1wtIGb2FfW +pJ/3khXjctDuIqFHsJDj8RS2mf/8w8s0A/gAdt19xE0dwutIc01BQJ3hgFw3zGWn +aoqwmjXVLMzzo81D9+dcRnrhX7Kgk9cAyp46FUxhq/xi5Dl51iIq2X6PpGUa6R2J +K5zv1z82/JOc7OWmk87sMpFIRrAKsuMzGd+h+3gg4xNUE/P7ilrynro04f7rWOLE +r7ZjVjJCz+N9xfDVb/ZkU0AXwIjwVI2cBY1SOWNoI4aGkTTynKTdF7omWn9zdxlb +k1osiQdfJ0UrqoYamJhZKkbIjk91MNw66fYfwDPvChMwXDJFiBlnTk2o8fqJsO/k +Qj4mYICTIXtGufRsvp/Gf8ZJyeFJyC0HNpNpFBjj+ztreTcAvfLh9gZ7LAfqhuIe +YmRIQ1l9L/0kyKFPlKyNHn0VoTIBJbo/NdYWVyQo9mg104AhzJF2vRV/oUJrjqWQ +e/pdAXouAiG0MfksQIg0dQHLgzkbPDiiwl0z44NVf/rw18/JZJ8GObIY80GBYP9Q +XVASNw6CwNovavj8Fl+7IimDFEakAcr42Cx57c9AN0aoSH9mfQ6g/y8HwKNY7Cw6 +JzPjP1KslJkQKxWEEelxwDXDefclv/NbQkYXRF3BxKz8AWBqaV3MZQjgMcDbAe14 +cBgbk6/3sSwLH7Volrj5aZ/l5jXLvAZlZBHVq9Tm03kxobDi04B4wvaHdOM0SKuL +XjBS1jsCcs0+pPnaym3abFkHOXPaCPDQPJ35UoN3YGdYn2cRJBP0hoaNKYnFToYi +EoYRlA70xiY+D44GjVpgMNCpqL92P4g0eajaeBtxn4wzWY37a8+WRU++VOUVxtOb +ferZYVN1kT3FEH2iXQDNSne6lmxRV6RodUMn7AtJSk0lyTj9zDMb2nC/G8PUWd2K +Bf6HxY5ZFu8zS4gU9I4/ZUPr6qOcXOvcgdffe6UeTYRczTHiAqY3z4FPtZFBhwSS +88FdYi5S8YaujRO/tsdWNu/ml7YFzDnbSa+1PuzKNy6kUcbXAy3IaTtY95Ht1IgO +nAV//oxfDBgxOUutPCVNJiRCRZkY3w6sk0cLR2BYU2MPC7BnpQcSyqFk6aO+Ft72 +cI4jjWHXjUsxb3lIjLC+AUjyTj0qT+BVkHI+0wxc9/gVReQQ362c0CPDu6NScAji ++q66sHQ13aZL+5q3PCgXhwhwR0JeWDqmhKyUNEFcPNGsCrS/ocbawlmjIsym4+nV +khWAuy4kkdOKAhPlUQX1VUp4QdXnYh231R/lNPexrsYP7DjCqCOO/122h4pPv3fW +wa6hyIjVZuF3BsqRENsUIEygj9iLG3FmuJYJCGrs38FL1pEDjGbiyB3JDvOZPgq0 +YIOKvD3KGQCz/bBehGG3IwTbZDUGmqtKA0eieWzYC57Jd7tHXttm5PMz64ziSaTW +oclhl0rmOqsWZLPfFlre5fm6XX3rBPX08PB95Bp0/H0DFqTK9uAFleD6nYAHWLQS +XjRDBK2Qnz++Mco908nQt5HHXNArgXM0v8qlbiNPs/O0vwP0va/91wmLZaMMdtwe +fJfSvoXUZW35PW6ubFf0EEAh1gQtm5vllZCcUqitYYvNsBLBEybDTY4igoKb/m0B +5zxlebR5n56wEN1ealdDjGtB1earlLrHZ6W0QdgQDP0pd+ILzSmALq5epYWjogkx +UYKYCyx6a5bvjcD1H5i09iK2IW4247sY2h0kRg1lKLZq +-----END CERTIFICATE----- +¶ +
Much of the structure and text of this document is based on [RFC8410] and [I-D.ietf-lamps-dilithium-certificates]. The remainder comes from [I-D.ietf-lamps-cms-sphincs-plus]. Thanks to those authors, and the ones they based their work on, for making our work earier. "Copying always makes things easier and less error prone" - [RFC8411].¶
+
+ X509-SLH-DSA-Module-2024
+ { iso(1) identified-organization(3) dod(6) internet(1) security(5)
+ mechanisms(5) pkix(7) id-mod(0) id-mod-x509-slh-dsa-2024(TBD1) }
+
+ DEFINITIONS IMPLICIT TAGS ::= BEGIN
+
+ EXPORTS ALL;
+
+ IMPORTS
+ PUBLIC-KEY, SIGNATURE-ALGORITHM
+ FROM AlgorithmInformation-2009 -- in [RFC5912]
+ { iso(1) identified-organization(3) dod(6) internet(1)
+ security(5) mechanisms(5) pkix(7) id-mod(0)
+ id-mod-algorithmInformation-02(58) }
+
+ pk-slh-dsa-sha2-128s, pk-slh-dsa-sha2-128f,
+ pk-slh-dsa-sha2-192s, pk-slh-dsa-sha2-192f,
+ pk-slh-dsa-sha2-256s, pk-slh-dsa-sha2-256f,
+ pk-slh-dsa-shake-128s, pk-slh-dsa-shake-128f,
+ pk-slh-dsa-shake-192s, pk-slh-dsa-shake-192f,
+ pk-slh-dsa-shake-256s, pk-slh-dsa-shake-256f,
+ sa-slh-dsa-sha2-128s, sa-slh-dsa-sha2-128f,
+ sa-slh-dsa-sha2-192s, sa-slh-dsa-sha2-192f,
+ sa-slh-dsa-sha2-256s, sa-slh-dsa-sha2-256f,
+ sa-slh-dsa-shake-128s, sa-slh-dsa-shake-128f,
+ sa-slh-dsa-shake-192s, sa-slh-dsa-shake-192f,
+ sa-slh-dsa-shake-256s, sa-slh-dsa-shake-256f
+ FROM SLH-DSA-Module-2024 -- in [I-D.ietf-lamps-cms-sphincs-plus]
+ { iso(1) member-body(2) us(840) rsadsi(113549) pkcs(1) pkcs9(9)
+ id-smime(16) id-mod(0) id-mod-slh-dsa-2024(TBD2) } ;
+
+ --
+ -- Expand SignatureAlgorithms from RFC 5912
+ --
+ SignatureAlgorithms SIGNATURE-ALGORITHM ::= {
+ sa-slh-dsa-sha2-128s |
+ sa-slh-dsa-sha2-128f |
+ sa-slh-dsa-sha2-192s |
+ sa-slh-dsa-sha2-192f |
+ sa-slh-dsa-sha2-256s |
+ sa-slh-dsa-sha2-256f |
+ sa-slh-dsa-shake-128s |
+ sa-slh-dsa-shake-128f |
+ sa-slh-dsa-shake-192s |
+ sa-slh-dsa-shake-192f |
+ sa-slh-dsa-shake-256s |
+ sa-slh-dsa-shake-256f,
+ ... }
+
+ --
+ -- Expand PublicKeyAlgorithms from RFC 5912
+ --
+ PublicKeyAlgorithms PUBLIC-KEY ::= {
+ pk-slh-dsa-sha2-128s |
+ pk-slh-dsa-sha2-128f |
+ pk-slh-dsa-sha2-192s |
+ pk-slh-dsa-sha2-192f |
+ pk-slh-dsa-sha2-256s |
+ pk-slh-dsa-sha2-256f |
+ pk-slh-dsa-shake-128s |
+ pk-slh-dsa-shake-128f |
+ pk-slh-dsa-shake-192s |
+ pk-slh-dsa-shake-192f |
+ pk-slh-dsa-shake-256s |
+ pk-slh-dsa-shake-256f,
+ ... }
+
+ END
+
+
+Appendix B. Security Strengths
+
+ Instead of defining the strength of a quantum algorithm in a
+ traditional manner using precise estimates of the number of bits of
+ security, NIST has instead elected to define a collection of broad
+ security strength categories. Each category is defined by a
+ comparatively easy-to-analyze reference primitive that cover a range
+ of security strengths offered by existing NIST standards in symmetric
+ cryptography, which NIST expects to offer significant resistance to
+ quantum cryptanalysis. These categories describe any attack that
+ breaks the relevant security definition that must require
+ computational resources comparable to or greater than those required
+ for: Level 1 - key search on a block cipher with a 128-bit key (e.g.,
+ AES128), Level 2 - collision search on a 256-bit hash function (e.g.,
+ SHA256/ SHA3-256), Level 3 - key search on a block cipher with a
+ 192-bit key (e.g., AES192), Level 4 - collision search on a 384-bit
+ hash function (e.g. SHA384/SHA3-384), Level 5 - key search on a
+ block cipher with a 256-bit key (e.g., AES 256).
+
+ The SLH-DSA parameter sets defined for NIST security levels 1, 3 and
+ 5 are listed in Table 1, along with the resulting signature size,
+ public key, and private key sizes in bytes.
+
+ +=======================+============+=======+==========+=======+
+ | OID | NIST Level | Sig. | Pub. Key | Priv. |
+ | | | | | Key |
+ +=======================+============+=======+==========+=======+
+ | id-slh-dsa-sha2-128s | 1 | 7856 | 32 | 64 |
+ +-----------------------+------------+-------+----------+-------+
+ | id-slh-dsa-sha2-128f | 1 | 17088 | 32 | 64 |
+ +-----------------------+------------+-------+----------+-------+
+ | id-slh-dsa-sha2-192s | 3 | 16224 | 48 | 96 |
+ +-----------------------+------------+-------+----------+-------+
+ | id-slh-dsa-sha2-192f | 3 | 35664 | 48 | 96 |
+ +-----------------------+------------+-------+----------+-------+
+ | id-slh-dsa-sha2-256s | 5 | 29792 | 64 | 128 |
+ +-----------------------+------------+-------+----------+-------+
+ | id-slh-dsa-sha2-256f | 5 | 49856 | 64 | 128 |
+ +-----------------------+------------+-------+----------+-------+
+ | id-slh-dsa-shake-128s | 1 | 7856 | 32 | 64 |
+ +-----------------------+------------+-------+----------+-------+
+ | id-slh-dsa-shake-128f | 1 | 17088 | 32 | 64 |
+ +-----------------------+------------+-------+----------+-------+
+ | id-slh-dsa-shake-192s | 3 | 16224 | 48 | 96 |
+ +-----------------------+------------+-------+----------+-------+
+ | id-slh-dsa-shake-192f | 3 | 35664 | 48 | 96 |
+ +-----------------------+------------+-------+----------+-------+
+ | id-slh-dsa-shake-256s | 5 | 29792 | 64 | 128 |
+ +-----------------------+------------+-------+----------+-------+
+ | id-slh-dsa-shake-256f | 5 | 49856 | 64 | 128 |
+ +-----------------------+------------+-------+----------+-------+
+
+ Table 1: SLH-DSA security strengths
+
+Appendix C. Examples
+
+ This appendix contains examples of SLH-DSA public keys, private keys
+ and certificates.
+
+C.1. Example Public Key
+
+ An example of a SLH-DSA public key using id-slh-dsa-sha2-128s:
+
+ -----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
+ MDAwCwYJYIZIAWUDBAMUAyEAK4EJ7Hd8qk4fAkzPz5SX2ZGAUJKA9CVq8rB6+AKJ
+ tJQ=
+ -----END PUBLIC KEY-----
+
+ 0 48: SEQUENCE {
+ 2 11: SEQUENCE {
+ 4 9: OBJECT IDENTIFIER '2 16 840 1 101 3 4 3 20'
+ : }
+ 15 33: BIT STRING
+ : 2B 81 09 EC 77 7C AA 4E 1F 02 4C CF CF 94 97 D9
+ : 91 80 50 92 80 F4 25 6A F2 B0 7A F8 02 89 B4 94
+ : }
+
+C.2. Example Private Key
+
+ An example of a SLH-DSA private key without the public key using id-
+ slh-dsa-sha2-128s:
+
+ -----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
+ MFICAQAwCwYJYIZIAWUDBAMUBECiJjvKRYYINlIxYASVI9YhZ3+tkNUetgZ6Mn4N
+ HmSlASuBCex3fKpOHwJMz8+Ul9mRgFCSgPQlavKwevgCibSU
+ -----END PRIVATE KEY-----
+
+ 0 82: SEQUENCE {
+ 2 1: INTEGER 0
+ 5 11: SEQUENCE {
+ 7 9: OBJECT IDENTIFIER '2 16 840 1 101 3 4 3 20'
+ : }
+ 18 64: OCTET STRING
+ : A2 26 3B CA 45 86 08 36 52 31 60 04 95 23 D6 21
+ : 67 7F AD 90 D5 1E B6 06 7A 32 7E 0D 1E 64 A5 01
+ : 2B 81 09 EC 77 7C AA 4E 1F 02 4C CF CF 94 97 D9
+ : 91 80 50 92 80 F4 25 6A F2 B0 7A F8 02 89 B4 94
+ : }
+
+C.3. Example Certificate
+
+ An example or a self-signed SLH-DSA certificate using id-slh-dsa-
+ sha2-128s:
+
+ Certificate:
+ Data:
+ Version: 3 (0x2)
+ Serial Number:
+ 43:85:63:a2:69:01:99:2c:39:cf:bc:40:57:1b:5f:a3:
+ cc:c7:88:45
+ Signature Algorithm: slhdsa_sha2_128s
+ Issuer: C=FR, L=Paris, O=Bogus SLH-DSA-SHA2-128s CA
+ Validity
+ Not Before: Oct 16 13:42:12 2024 GMT
+ Not After : Oct 14 13:42:12 2034 GMT
+ Subject: C=FR, L=Paris, O=Bogus SLH-DSA-SHA2-128s CA
+ Subject Public Key Info:
+ Public Key Algorithm: slhdsa_sha2_128s
+ slhdsa_sha2_128s public key:
+ PQ key material:
+ 2b:81:09:ec:77:7c:aa:4e:1f:02:4c:cf:cf:94:97:
+ d9:91:80:50:92:80:f4:25:6a:f2:b0:7a:f8:02:89:
+ b4:94
+ X509v3 extensions:
+ X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
+ CD:59:36:AA:FE:C4:11:C7:A4:72:69:3F:0B:E8:B3:8B:
+ 21:7B:19:ED
+ X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
+ CD:59:36:AA:FE:C4:11:C7:A4:72:69:3F:0B:E8:B3:8B:
+ 21:7B:19:ED
+ X509v3 Basic Constraints: critical
+ CA:TRUE
+ X509v3 Key Usage: critical
+ Certificate Sign, CRL Sign
+ Signature Algorithm: slhdsa_sha2_128s
+ Signature Value:
+ aa:a0:51:de:b0:c3:14:d0:cd:fb:12:46:a2:31:20:c9:ed:ab:
+ 3f:dc:57:a5:fb:45:f6:f0:3b:7f:e3:5a:8c:b5:87:1e:1f:0b:
+ 15:9f:aa:56:68:43:7e:ea:23:05:21:d1:33:cb:84:61:55:7e:
+ 39:74:18:3c:ea:8e:01:a4:8d:9a:fb:35:74:69:c9:62:35:7f:
+ 0e:34:01:1c:90:41:97:13:ff:c5:a4:65:ae:0f:bf:9b:32:d2:
+ 2a:2c:97:86:2d:49:eb:ba:ae:9a:70:e7:35:67:3f:0a:7e:3a:
+ dd:0b:66:4e:f8:45:b2:e6:d8:70:ab:fb:72:60:eb:85:ae:62:
+ 3c:a4:bf:3c:7a:e5:dd:4a:24:e2:4e:d0:b5:3b:c3:ac:e9:26:
+ f8:6c:ca:3b:e1:46:15:7f:18:c5:41:40:90:73:b9:19:63:86:
+ 23:3a:b2:7f:12:3a:5f:bb:c3:10:6c:4e:b2:62:ee:3b:4b:c5:
+ e2:69:24:74:3e:6e:81:e2:68:48:c8:27:25:bc:b2:ac:da:a8:
+ ae:75:5a:5c:09:22:1c:be:95:0a:0b:5e:0c:08:49:42:3a:0d:
+ 2d:fb:89:3b:b3:15:de:ee:e7:b2:5e:1f:a6:f0:4a:f6:65:c1:
+ 5d:5e:05:7a:6d:2a:e7:c2:c3:20:37:ce:ab:0f:6c:ea:c9:39:
+ f3:28:d1:75:81:31:7f:01:e2:09:c8:56:81:50:cf:4e:fa:82:
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+ UYKYCyx6a5bvjcD1H5i09iK2IW4247sY2h0kRg1lKLZq
+ -----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+Acknowledgments
+
+ Much of the structure and text of this document is based on [RFC8410]
+ and [I-D.ietf-lamps-dilithium-certificates]. The remainder comes
+ from [I-D.ietf-lamps-cms-sphincs-plus]. Thanks to those authors, and
+ the ones they based their work on, for making our work earier.
+ "Copying always makes things easier and less error prone" -
+ [RFC8411].
+
+Authors' Addresses
+
+ Kaveh Bashiri
+ BSI
+ Email: kaveh.bashiri.ietf@gmail.com
+
+
+ Scott Fluhrer
+ Cisco Systems
+ Email: sfluhrer@cisco.com
+
+
+ Stefan-Lukas Gazdag
+ genua GmbH
+ Email: ietf@gazdag.de
+
+
+ Daniel Van Geest
+ CryptoNext Security
+ Email: daniel.vangeest@cryptonext-security.com
+
+
+ Stavros Kousidis
+ BSI
+ Email: kousidis.ietf@gmail.com
diff --git a/seanturner-aside87/index.html b/seanturner-aside87/index.html
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@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+
+
+
+ lamps-wg/x509-slhdsa seanturner-aside87 preview
+
+
+
+
+ Editor's drafts for seanturner-aside87 branch of lamps-wg/x509-slhdsa
+
+
+ SLH-DSA for X.509
+ plain text
+ same as main
+
+
+
+
+