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hayes2009.py
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"""Phonological feature tables.
After:
Hayes, B. 2009. Introductory Phonology. John Wiley & Sons.
Hayes' tables 4.7-9 (§4.10) have been combined into a single table
(`universal`), and a smaller table targeting English only (`english`) available
online is also present. The versions used were downloaded online from the
following URL:
https://linguistics.ucla.edu/people/hayes/120a/Index.htm#features
The tables were created simply by converting Hayes' Excel spreadsheets to CSV
files, parsing them to create Python dictionaries, and then printing them. Code
and CSV files for this process are included in the repository but are not
installed by PyPI.
Hayes uses `0` to indicate a feature is undefined for that phone. Such
specifications are thus treated as zeros.
The features are presented in the simplest possible format: a plus or minus
sign followed by their name.
Please see README.md before submitting bugs or feature requests!
"""
english = {
"k": [
"-syllabic",
"-stress",
"-long",
"+consonantal",
"-sonorant",
"-continuant",
"-delayed release",
"-approximant",
"-tap",
"-trill",
"-nasal",
"-voice",
"-spread gl",
"-constr gl",
"-LABIAL",
"-round",
"-labiodental",
"-CORONAL",
"-lateral",
"+DORSAL",
"+high",
"-low",
],
"ɡ": [
"-syllabic",
"-stress",
"-long",
"+consonantal",
"-sonorant",
"-continuant",
"-delayed release",
"-approximant",
"-tap",
"-trill",
"-nasal",
"+voice",
"-spread gl",
"-constr gl",
"-LABIAL",
"-round",
"-labiodental",
"-CORONAL",
"-lateral",
"+DORSAL",
"+high",
"-low",
],
"v": [
"-syllabic",
"-stress",
"-long",
"+consonantal",
"-sonorant",
"+continuant",
"+delayed release",
"-approximant",
"-tap",
"-trill",
"-nasal",
"+voice",
"-spread gl",
"-constr gl",
"+LABIAL",
"-round",
"+labiodental",
"-CORONAL",
"-lateral",
"-DORSAL",
],
"p": [
"-syllabic",
"-stress",
"-long",
"+consonantal",
"-sonorant",
"-continuant",
"-delayed release",
"-approximant",
"-tap",
"-trill",
"-nasal",
"-voice",
"-spread gl",
"-constr gl",
"+LABIAL",
"-round",
"-labiodental",
"-CORONAL",
"-lateral",
"-DORSAL",
],
"f": [
"-syllabic",
"-stress",
"-long",
"+consonantal",
"-sonorant",
"+continuant",
"+delayed release",
"-approximant",
"-tap",
"-trill",
"-nasal",
"-voice",
"-spread gl",
"-constr gl",
"+LABIAL",
"-round",
"+labiodental",
"-CORONAL",
"-lateral",
"-DORSAL",
],
"b": [
"-syllabic",
"-stress",
"-long",
"+consonantal",
"-sonorant",
"-continuant",
"-delayed release",
"-approximant",
"-tap",
"-trill",
"-nasal",
"+voice",
"-spread gl",
"-constr gl",
"+LABIAL",
"-round",
"-labiodental",
"-CORONAL",
"-lateral",
"-DORSAL",
],
"ʍ": [
"-syllabic",
"-stress",
"-long",
"-consonantal",
"-sonorant",
"+continuant",
"+delayed release",
"-approximant",
"-tap",
"-trill",
"-nasal",
"-voice",
"+spread gl",
"-constr gl",
"+LABIAL",
"+round",
"-labiodental",
"-CORONAL",
"-lateral",
"+DORSAL",
"+high",
"-low",
"-front",
"+back",
"+tense",
],
"h": [
"-syllabic",
"-stress",
"-long",
"-consonantal",
"-sonorant",
"+continuant",
"+delayed release",
"-approximant",
"-tap",
"-trill",
"-nasal",
"-voice",
"+spread gl",
"-constr gl",
"-LABIAL",
"-round",
"-labiodental",
"-CORONAL",
"-lateral",
"-DORSAL",
],
"ʒ": [
"-syllabic",
"-stress",
"-long",
"+consonantal",
"-sonorant",
"+continuant",
"+delayed release",
"-approximant",
"-tap",
"-trill",
"-nasal",
"+voice",
"-spread gl",
"-constr gl",
"-LABIAL",
"-round",
"-labiodental",
"+CORONAL",
"-anterior",
"+distributed",
"+strident",
"-lateral",
"-DORSAL",
],
"z": [
"-syllabic",
"-stress",
"-long",
"+consonantal",
"-sonorant",
"+continuant",
"+delayed release",
"-approximant",
"-tap",
"-trill",
"-nasal",
"+voice",
"-spread gl",
"-constr gl",
"-LABIAL",
"-round",
"-labiodental",
"+CORONAL",
"+anterior",
"-distributed",
"+strident",
"-lateral",
"-DORSAL",
],
"t": [
"-syllabic",
"-stress",
"-long",
"+consonantal",
"-sonorant",
"-continuant",
"-delayed release",
"-approximant",
"-tap",
"-trill",
"-nasal",
"-voice",
"-spread gl",
"-constr gl",
"-LABIAL",
"-round",
"-labiodental",
"+CORONAL",
"+anterior",
"-distributed",
"-strident",
"-lateral",
"-DORSAL",
],
"ʃ": [
"-syllabic",
"-stress",
"-long",
"+consonantal",
"-sonorant",
"+continuant",
"+delayed release",
"-approximant",
"-tap",
"-trill",
"-nasal",
"-voice",
"-spread gl",
"-constr gl",
"-LABIAL",
"-round",
"-labiodental",
"+CORONAL",
"-anterior",
"+distributed",
"+strident",
"-lateral",
"-DORSAL",
],
"s": [
"-syllabic",
"-stress",
"-long",
"+consonantal",
"-sonorant",
"+continuant",
"+delayed release",
"-approximant",
"-tap",
"-trill",
"-nasal",
"-voice",
"-spread gl",
"-constr gl",
"-LABIAL",
"-round",
"-labiodental",
"+CORONAL",
"+anterior",
"-distributed",
"+strident",
"-lateral",
"-DORSAL",
],
"d": [
"-syllabic",
"-stress",
"-long",
"+consonantal",
"-sonorant",
"-continuant",
"-delayed release",
"-approximant",
"-tap",
"-trill",
"-nasal",
"+voice",
"-spread gl",
"-constr gl",
"-LABIAL",
"-round",
"-labiodental",
"+CORONAL",
"+anterior",
"-distributed",
"-strident",
"-lateral",
"-DORSAL",
],
"θ": [
"-syllabic",
"-stress",
"-long",
"+consonantal",
"-sonorant",
"+continuant",
"+delayed release",
"-approximant",
"-tap",
"-trill",
"-nasal",
"-voice",
"-spread gl",
"-constr gl",
"-LABIAL",
"-round",
"-labiodental",
"+CORONAL",
"+anterior",
"+distributed",
"-strident",
"-lateral",
"-DORSAL",
],
"ð": [
"-syllabic",
"-stress",
"-long",
"+consonantal",
"-sonorant",
"+continuant",
"+delayed release",
"-approximant",
"-tap",
"-trill",
"-nasal",
"+voice",
"-spread gl",
"-constr gl",
"-LABIAL",
"-round",
"-labiodental",
"+CORONAL",
"+anterior",
"+distributed",
"-strident",
"-lateral",
"-DORSAL",
],
"d͡ʒ": [
"-syllabic",
"-stress",
"-long",
"+consonantal",
"-sonorant",
"-continuant",
"+delayed release",
"-approximant",
"-tap",
"-trill",
"-nasal",
"+voice",
"-spread gl",
"-constr gl",
"-LABIAL",
"-round",
"-labiodental",
"+CORONAL",
"-anterior",
"+distributed",
"+strident",
"-lateral",
"-DORSAL",
],
"t͡ʃ": [
"-syllabic",
"-stress",
"-long",
"+consonantal",
"-sonorant",
"-continuant",
"+delayed release",
"-approximant",
"-tap",
"-trill",
"-nasal",
"-voice",
"-spread gl",
"-constr gl",
"-LABIAL",
"-round",
"-labiodental",
"+CORONAL",
"-anterior",
"+distributed",
"+strident",
"-lateral",
"-DORSAL",
],
"m": [
"-syllabic",
"-stress",
"-long",
"+consonantal",
"+sonorant",
"-continuant",
"-approximant",
"-tap",
"-trill",
"+nasal",
"+voice",
"-spread gl",
"-constr gl",
"+LABIAL",
"-round",
"-labiodental",
"-CORONAL",
"-lateral",
"-DORSAL",
],
"w": [
"-syllabic",
"-stress",
"-long",
"-consonantal",
"+sonorant",
"+continuant",
"+approximant",
"-tap",
"-trill",
"-nasal",
"+voice",
"-spread gl",
"-constr gl",
"+LABIAL",
"+round",
"-labiodental",
"-CORONAL",
"-lateral",
"+DORSAL",
"+high",
"-low",
"-front",
"+back",
"+tense",
],
"j": [
"-syllabic",
"-stress",
"-long",
"-consonantal",
"+sonorant",
"+continuant",
"+approximant",
"-tap",
"-trill",
"-nasal",
"+voice",
"-spread gl",
"-constr gl",
"-LABIAL",
"-round",
"-labiodental",
"-CORONAL",
"-lateral",
"+DORSAL",
"+high",
"-low",
"+front",
"-back",
"+tense",
],
"ŋ": [
"-syllabic",
"-stress",
"-long",
"+consonantal",
"+sonorant",
"-continuant",
"-approximant",
"-tap",
"-trill",
"+nasal",
"+voice",
"-spread gl",
"-constr gl",
"-LABIAL",
"-round",
"-labiodental",
"-CORONAL",
"-lateral",
"+DORSAL",
"+high",
"-low",
],
"n": [
"-syllabic",
"-stress",
"-long",
"+consonantal",
"+sonorant",
"-continuant",
"-approximant",
"-tap",
"-trill",
"+nasal",
"+voice",
"-spread gl",
"-constr gl",
"-LABIAL",
"-round",
"-labiodental",
"+CORONAL",
"+anterior",
"-distributed",
"-strident",
"-lateral",
"-DORSAL",
],
"l": [
"-syllabic",
"-stress",
"-long",
"+consonantal",
"+sonorant",
"+continuant",
"+approximant",
"-tap",
"-trill",
"-nasal",
"+voice",
"-spread gl",
"-constr gl",
"-LABIAL",
"-round",
"-labiodental",
"+CORONAL",
"+anterior",
"-distributed",
"-strident",
"+lateral",
"-DORSAL",
],
"ɾ": [
"-syllabic",
"-stress",
"-long",
"+consonantal",
"+sonorant",
"+continuant",
"+approximant",
"+tap",
"-trill",
"-nasal",
"+voice",
"-spread gl",
"-constr gl",
"-LABIAL",
"-round",
"-labiodental",
"+CORONAL",
"+anterior",
"-distributed",
"-strident",
"-lateral",
"-DORSAL",
],
"ɹ": [
"-syllabic",
"-stress",
"-long",
"-consonantal",
"+sonorant",
"+continuant",
"+approximant",
"-tap",
"-trill",
"-nasal",
"+voice",
"-spread gl",
"-constr gl",
"-LABIAL",
"-round",
"-labiodental",
"+CORONAL",
"-anterior",
"+distributed",
"-strident",
"-lateral",
"-DORSAL",
],
"ɚ": [
"+syllabic",
"-stress",
"-long",
"-consonantal",
"+sonorant",
"+continuant",
"+approximant",
"-tap",
"-trill",
"-nasal",
"+voice",
"-spread gl",
"-constr gl",
"-LABIAL",
"-round",
"-labiodental",
"+CORONAL",
"-anterior",
"+distributed",
"-strident",
"-lateral",
"-DORSAL",
],
"ɑ": [
"+syllabic",
"-stress",
"-long",
"-consonantal",
"+sonorant",
"+continuant",
"+approximant",
"-tap",
"-trill",
"-nasal",
"+voice",
"-spread gl",
"-constr gl",
"-LABIAL",
"-round",
"-labiodental",
"-CORONAL",
"-lateral",
"+DORSAL",
"-high",
"+low",
"-front",
"+back",
],
"æ": [
"+syllabic",
"-stress",
"-long",
"-consonantal",
"+sonorant",
"+continuant",
"+approximant",
"-tap",
"-trill",
"-nasal",
"+voice",
"-spread gl",
"-constr gl",
"-LABIAL",
"-round",
"-labiodental",
"-CORONAL",
"-lateral",
"+DORSAL",
"-high",
"+low",
"+front",
"-back",
],
"ʌ": [
"+syllabic",
"-stress",
"-long",
"-consonantal",
"+sonorant",
"+continuant",
"+approximant",
"-tap",
"-trill",
"-nasal",
"+voice",
"-spread gl",
"-constr gl",
"-LABIAL",
"-round",
"-labiodental",
"-CORONAL",
"-lateral",
"+DORSAL",
"-high",
"-low",
"-front",
"+back",
"-tense",
],
"ɔ": [
"+syllabic",
"-stress",
"-long",
"-consonantal",
"+sonorant",
"+continuant",
"+approximant",
"-tap",
"-trill",
"-nasal",
"+voice",
"-spread gl",
"-constr gl",
"+LABIAL",
"+round",
"-labiodental",
"-CORONAL",
"-lateral",
"+DORSAL",
"-high",
"-low",
"-front",
"+back",
"-tense",
],
"o": [
"+syllabic",
"-stress",
"-long",
"-consonantal",
"+sonorant",
"+continuant",
"+approximant",
"-tap",
"-trill",
"-nasal",
"+voice",
"-spread gl",
"-constr gl",
"+LABIAL",
"+round",
"-labiodental",
"-CORONAL",
"-lateral",
"+DORSAL",
"-high",
"-low",
"-front",
"+back",
"+tense",
],
"ə": [
"+syllabic",
"-stress",
"-long",
"-consonantal",
"+sonorant",
"+continuant",
"+approximant",
"-tap",
"-trill",
"-nasal",
"+voice",
"-spread gl",
"-constr gl",
"-LABIAL",
"-round",
"-labiodental",
"-CORONAL",
"-lateral",
"+DORSAL",
"-high",
"-low",
"-front",
"-back",
"-tense",
],
"e": [
"+syllabic",
"-stress",
"-long",
"-consonantal",
"+sonorant",
"+continuant",
"+approximant",
"-tap",
"-trill",
"-nasal",
"+voice",
"-spread gl",
"-constr gl",
"-LABIAL",
"-round",
"-labiodental",
"-CORONAL",
"-lateral",
"+DORSAL",
"-high",
"-low",
"+front",
"-back",
"+tense",
],
"ɛ": [
"+syllabic",
"-stress",
"-long",
"-consonantal",
"+sonorant",
"+continuant",
"+approximant",
"-tap",
"-trill",
"-nasal",
"+voice",
"-spread gl",
"-constr gl",
"-LABIAL",
"-round",
"-labiodental",
"-CORONAL",
"-lateral",
"+DORSAL",
"-high",
"-low",
"+front",
"-back",
"-tense",
],
"u": [
"+syllabic",
"-stress",
"-long",
"-consonantal",
"+sonorant",
"+continuant",
"+approximant",
"-tap",
"-trill",
"-nasal",
"+voice",
"-spread gl",
"-constr gl",
"+LABIAL",
"+round",
"-labiodental",
"-CORONAL",
"-lateral",
"+DORSAL",
"+high",
"-low",
"-front",
"+back",
"+tense",
],
"ʊ": [
"+syllabic",
"-stress",
"-long",
"-consonantal",
"+sonorant",
"+continuant",
"+approximant",
"-tap",
"-trill",
"-nasal",
"+voice",
"-spread gl",
"-constr gl",
"+LABIAL",
"+round",
"-labiodental",
"-CORONAL",
"-lateral",
"+DORSAL",
"+high",
"-low",
"-front",
"+back",
"-tense",
],
"i": [
"+syllabic",
"-stress",
"-long",
"-consonantal",
"+sonorant",
"+continuant",
"+approximant",
"-tap",
"-trill",
"-nasal",
"+voice",
"-spread gl",
"-constr gl",
"-LABIAL",
"-round",
"-labiodental",
"-CORONAL",
"-lateral",
"+DORSAL",
"+high",
"-low",
"+front",
"-back",
"+tense",
],
"ɪ": [
"+syllabic",
"-stress",
"-long",
"-consonantal",
"+sonorant",
"+continuant",
"+approximant",
"-tap",
"-trill",
"-nasal",
"+voice",
"-spread gl",
"-constr gl",
"-LABIAL",
"-round",
"-labiodental",
"-CORONAL",
"-lateral",
"+DORSAL",
"+high",
"-low",
"+front",
"-back",
"-tense",
],
}
universal = {
"ɒ": [
"+syllabic",
"-stress",
"-long",
"-consonantal",
"+sonorant",
"+continuant",