From 349e5eedc10f2638579e8413880e098b4b96941a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: kansal15 Date: Thu, 29 Feb 2024 10:17:01 +0530 Subject: [PATCH 1/3] Update the reading time in index page --- index.html | 80 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------------------- js/script.js | 50 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++----- 2 files changed, 83 insertions(+), 47 deletions(-) diff --git a/index.html b/index.html index bd55bc2..55deb6d 100644 --- a/index.html +++ b/index.html @@ -85,7 +85,7 @@

to 2024 | DNS
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    Thank you 2022 | DNS
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    IP 2022 | APNIC
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    TLS 19, 2015 | Other
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    19, 2015 | Other
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    CATEGORIES
    - + diff --git a/js/script.js b/js/script.js index 6315f7f..a28d235 100644 --- a/js/script.js +++ b/js/script.js @@ -105,15 +105,15 @@ }, 2000); // article reading time - $('article').each(function () { + // $('article').each(function () { - let _this = $(this); - _this.readingTime({ + // let _this = $(this); + // _this.readingTime({ - readingTimeTarget: _this.find('.eta'), + // readingTimeTarget: _this.find('.eta'), - }); - }); + // }); + // }); })(jQuery); @@ -642,4 +642,40 @@ function linkOpen(lin) { function uselinks(lin) { parent.location = lin; -} \ No newline at end of file +} + + +//Reading Time show + +function readingTime(result, artiacalUrl, getindexhref, getindexa){ + let aboutdata = $(result).find(".card .card-block").text().trim(); + // console.log(aboutdata); + let wordsArray = aboutdata.split(/\s+/); + let wordCount = wordsArray.length; + let wordsPerMinute = 225; + let readingTime = Math.ceil(wordCount / wordsPerMinute); + // console.log(`${artiacalUrl}-${readingTime}`); + if (artiacalUrl == getindexhref) { + var getclassnew=$(getindexa).siblings('ul').find('.eta'); + $(getclassnew).text(`${readingTime} Minute to read`); + } + } + + $(document).ready(function () { + $("#pagingBox>div .article-full-width a.btn").each(function () { + let getindexa= $(this).siblings("h4"); + let getindexhref = $(getindexa).find("a").attr("href"); + var artiacalUrl = $(this).attr("href").trim(); + + $.ajax({ + type: "GET", + url: artiacalUrl, + data: "{articlurl: " + artiacalUrl + "}", + dataType: "html", + success: function (result) { + readingTime(result, artiacalUrl, getindexhref, getindexa); + }, + }); + }); + }); + \ No newline at end of file From 50a7b1ba336b091cbb8ead041b7fc7f2b369ca7a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Gaurav <133016000+gptgaurav04@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Tue, 5 Mar 2024 11:41:37 +0530 Subject: [PATCH 2/3] Add the Disque in the page --- 2023/05/Summary-report-of-APNIC.html | 502 ++++++++++++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 332 insertions(+), 170 deletions(-) diff --git a/2023/05/Summary-report-of-APNIC.html b/2023/05/Summary-report-of-APNIC.html index 09819cb..b623e35 100644 --- a/2023/05/Summary-report-of-APNIC.html +++ b/2023/05/Summary-report-of-APNIC.html @@ -1,187 +1,349 @@ - - - Gaurav Kansal Blog - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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    Summary report of APNIC 55 (APRICOT 2023) Meeting held in Manila, Philippines

    - - - -
    +
    + + + +
    +
    +
    -

    Summary report of APNIC 55 (APRICOT 2023) Meeting held in Manila, Philippines

    -
    -
    -
    -
    - +
    + + post-thumb +
    +

    The APNIC 55 meeting was held in Manila, Philippines from + 20th Feb to 02nd March 2023. The meeting was hosted by PhNOG, The Philippine Network + Operators Group (PhNOG) and supported by DOST- Advanced Science and Technology + Institute. Every year, APNIC conferences are held twice, the first of each year is + held in conjunction with APRICOT and the second one is a standalone conference. The + last such meeting held in India was in 2012, APNIC 33 (which was in + conjunction with APRICOT 2012).

    +

    APNIC 55 meeting was unique in + multiple senses –

    +
      +
    1. Firstly, because of the possibility of potential hijack + [1][2][3] + + of the APNIC Executive + Council by Cloud Innovation Ltd. / Larus foundation / NRS, the same + organizations which have dragged AFRINIC (RIR for African Continent) into the + Mauritius supreme court and at one point nearly halted the AFRINIC operations by + getting its bank accounts frozen + [4] + (over 25 lawsuits + [5][6][7] + + have been filed against AFRINIC by Cloud Innovation Ltd.). Number Resource + Organization (NRO is the + coordinating body of the world’s Regional Internet Registry, RIR) wrote a letter + (signed by CEOs/MDs of 4 other RIRs, namely, APNIC, ARIN, LACNIC, RIPE NCC) to + Mauritius Government to express their serious concerns about the issues and + courts cases on AFRINIC. +

      This caused restlessness in the community and everyone was concerned about + the Executive Council election results. A few of the community members + including Mr Karl Kloppenborg, Marco and others + [8] + send a proposal to APNIC to hold an extraordinary meeting to discuss the EC + election process and amend the by-laws accordingly + [9]. + Mr Maemura Akinori from JPNIC, a veteran and respected name in the Internet + community (ex APNIC EC, ex ICANN Board member, presently on the board of + DotAsia) also raises JPNIC’s concerns + [10] + on the possible executive council hijack (JPNIC is the organization which + took the initiative to establish APNIC thirty years ago and has been a + member of it since then). +

      +

      The community elected the following members to the APNIC EC[11] –

      +
        +
      • Yoshinobu Matsuzaki
        • +
      • Kenny Huang
        • +
      • Roopinder Singh Perhar
        • +
      • Anlei Hu
        • +
      +

      Mr Yoshinobu Matsuzaki and Mr Kenny Huang got re-elected and Mr Roopinder + Singh Perhar and Mr Anlei Hu joined the executive council. Mr Roopinder + Singh Perhar was an EC member in the past and served as EC from 2016 to + 2017.

      +

      Executive Council appointed Mr Kenny Huang as Chair, Mr Yoshinobu Matsuzaki + as Treasurer and Mr Vincent "Achie" Atienza as Secretary.

      +
      In the next few APNIC meetings, there + may be discussions on the EC election process and on updating its + by-laws.
      +
      2. - -
      -
      -
      -
      - -
      -
      - - post-thumb -
      -

      The APNIC 55 meeting was held in Manila, Philippines from 20th Feb to 02nd March 2023. The meeting was hosted by PhNOG, The Philippine Network Operators Group (PhNOG) and supported by DOST- Advanced Science and Technology Institute. Every year, APNIC conferences are held twice, the first of each year is held in conjunction with APRICOT and the second one is a standalone conference. The last such meeting held in India was in 2012, APNIC 33 (which was in conjunction with APRICOT 2012).

      -

      APNIC 55 meeting was unique in multiple senses –

      -
        -
      1. Firstly, because of the possibility of potential hijack - [1][2][3] - - of the APNIC Executive Council by Cloud Innovation Ltd. / Larus foundation / NRS, the same organizations which have dragged AFRINIC (RIR for African Continent) into the Mauritius supreme court and at one point nearly halted the AFRINIC operations by getting its bank accounts frozen - [4] - (over 25 lawsuits - [5][6][7] - - have been filed against AFRINIC by Cloud Innovation Ltd.). Number Resource Organization (NRO is the coordinating body of the world’s Regional Internet Registry, RIR) wrote a letter (signed by CEOs/MDs of 4 other RIRs, namely, APNIC, ARIN, LACNIC, RIPE NCC) to Mauritius Government to express their serious concerns about the issues and courts cases on AFRINIC. -

        This caused restlessness in the community and everyone was concerned about the Executive Council election results. A few of the community members including Mr Karl Kloppenborg, Marco and others - [8] - send a proposal to APNIC to hold an extraordinary meeting to discuss the EC election process and amend the by-laws accordingly - [9]. - Mr Maemura Akinori from JPNIC, a veteran and respected name in the Internet community (ex APNIC EC, ex ICANN Board member, presently on the board of DotAsia) also raises JPNIC’s concerns - [10] - on the possible executive council hijack (JPNIC is the organization which took the initiative to establish APNIC thirty years ago and has been a member of it since then). -

        -

        The community elected the following members to the APNIC EC[11] –

        -
          -
        • Yoshinobu Matsuzaki
          • -
        • Kenny Huang
          • -
        • Roopinder Singh Perhar
          • -
        • Anlei Hu
          • -
        -

        Mr Yoshinobu Matsuzaki and Mr Kenny Huang got re-elected and Mr Roopinder Singh Perhar and Mr Anlei Hu joined the executive council. Mr Roopinder Singh Perhar was an EC member in the past and served as EC from 2016 to 2017.

        -

        Executive Council appointed Mr Kenny Huang as Chair, Mr Yoshinobu Matsuzaki as Treasurer and Mr Vincent "Achie" Atienza as Secretary.

        -
        In the next few APNIC meetings, there may be discussions on the EC election process and on updating its by-laws.
        -
        2. - -
      2. Second, Mr Gaurab Raj Upadhaya, another veteran and a respected name in the APNIC community, (served six terms in the APNIC Executive Council from 2011 to 2022[12], and on the chair from 2016-2022) steps aside from APNIC Executive Council.
        3. -
      3. In the APNIC NIR SIG session, a meeting place for seven National Internet Registries (CNNIC, IDNIC, IRINN, JPNIC, KRNIC, TWNIC, and VNNIC), there were discussions and presentations on IPv6 deployment, RPKI, uniqueness among NIR's and updates from NIR members. In one of the NIR’s session[13], IP address delegations to various countries were discussed and a pie chart comparison is shown below. -
        post-thumb
        -
        It is worth mentioning that more than 60% of total IPv6 address delegations by APNIC went to China and India has roughly 6% of IPv6 addresses allocated within the APNIC region. Although population-wise and Internet penetration-wise[14], both these countries are nearly comparable but IPv6 address allocation to India is 1/10 of that of China.
        -
        4. -
      4. In a joint SIG meeting, there were discussions on Updating the election process of SIGs[15]
        5. -
      5. In the APNIC Routing Security SIG meeting, there were presentations and discussions on multiple topics including “Status of hierarchical vs non-hierarchical as-sets” and there was a policy (prop-151: Restricting non-hierarchical as-set) on the same topic, and the consensus was reached on this in OPM and AGM both.
        6. -
      6. In Open Policy Meetings 1 and 2, one of the most popular sessions of APNIC conferences, the community discusses the proposal in person, or via remote participation. At the end of the period allotted to discuss the proposal, the SIG Chair(s) decide if the community has reached a consensus. If the SIG accepts the proposal, the Chair reports that decision at the APNIC Member Meeting (AMM). -

        The following policy proposals were discussed –

        -
          -
        1. prop-147: Historical Resources Management
          2. -
        2. prop-149: Change of maximum delegation for less than /21 total IPv4 holdings
          3. -
        3. prop-150: ROA/whois object with Private, Reserved and Unallocated (reserved/available) Origin ASN.
          4. -
        4. prop-151: Restricting non-hierarchical as-set
          5. -
        -

        Consensus has been reached on Prop-147, Prop-150 and Prop-151 at APNIC 55. Prop-148 and prop-149 are under discussion and shall be discussed further in the next APNIC meeting. OPM is one of the most important sessions as policy proposals are discussed and then after the voting took place on the policy proposals.

        -

        There was a Panel discussion on the Leasing of IP addresses. The existing APNIC policies are silent on leasing, and there was a policy in APNIC 54 on leasing (which was held in Singapore in September 2022), ‘prop-148: Leasing of Resources is not Acceptable’, which didn’t reach a consensus. Leasing is a tricky point as ISPs, network services providers and other organizations use IP addresses outside their ASN boundary also for multiple reasons, and a negative policy on this can lead to chaos for a few networks/organizations.

        -

        One of the probable examples of leasing is 1.1.1.1(and 1.0.0.1). The 1.1.1.0/24 and 1.0.0.0/24 IP segments are allocated to APNIC-LABS and the segments are announced from ASN 13335, Cloudflare’s ASN.

        -

        Current APNIC policies allowed the transfer[16] of resources by paying the fees[17] (the resources have to be marked as unused for transferring/selling and the current market price of an IPv4 address is approximately $50 per address)

        - post-thumb -

        Source - https://blog.apnic.net/2023/01/23/ip-addressing-through-2022/

        -
        7. -
      7. DNS Abuse session – Mr Champika from ICANN talks about the Domain Abuse Activity Reporting (DAAR) and Centralized Zone Data Service (CZDS) projects of ICANN. All gTLDs are part of DAAR and its optional for ccTLDs to join this. Through CZDS service[18], zone data of all the gTLDs (more than 1150 TLDs as of march 2023) are available for the researchers and can be used for various data analytics and cyber security purposes. A few of the interesting findings using this CZDS data are –

        -
          -
        1. Who controls the internet?
          2. -
        2. Who reads your email?
          3. -
        -
        8. -
      8. Annual General Meeting – Following reports were presented -- APNIC activity 2022 report, treasure’s report, EC report (where it was reiterated that fees for apnic account holders will be going to rise effective from 01st Jan 2023[19], an account holder with /16 IPv4 addresses shall have to pay AUD 10,234 which is AUD 609 higher than the previous year charges), Policy SIG report, Joint SIG report, Routing Security SIG report, NIR SIG report, and Cooperation SIG report.
        9. -
      -

      APNIC 55 meeting ends on 02nd March 2023.

      -
      References:
      -
        -
      1. https://lists.ausnog.net/pipermail/ausnog/attachments/20230214/86094c46/attachment-0001.pdf
        2. -
      2. https://orbit.apnic.net/hyperkitty/list/apnic-talk@lists.apnic.net/thread/JIZFMZ3QOMUGCWFLQ6DKG45CDIY3GSRL/
        3. -
      3. https://orbit.apnic.net/hyperkitty/list/apnic-talk@lists.apnic.net/thread/ZV2EH35IIASA22VSGTEZ76NPJBXAYPEA/
        4. -
      4. https://mybroadband.co.za/news/internet/407770-afrinic-bank-accounts-frozen-after-r740-million-damages-claim.html
        5. -
      5. https://afrinic.net/court-cases
        6. -
      6. https://www.nro.net/wp-content/uploads/NRO-Letter-to-Mauritius-Government-FINAL.pdf
        7. -
      7. https://afrinic.net/20220215-court-update-cloud-innovation-ltd-vs-afrinic-scr-5c-30-21
        8. -
      8. https://orbit.apnic.net/hyperkitty/list/apnic-talk@lists.apnic.net/thread/ZV2EH35IIASA22VSGTEZ76NPJBXAYPEA/
        9. -
      9. https://lists.ausnog.net/pipermail/ausnog/attachments/20230214/86094c46/attachment-0001.pdf
        10. -
      10. https://orbit.apnic.net/hyperkitty/list/apnic-talk@lists.apnic.net/thread/RVPB2ZDTED2BTIYDOXO4V6FZCIBDYSU7/
        11. -
      11. https://www.bigpulse.com/pollresults?code=1347334F85MguQmfUrTmJkLupT9
        12. -
      12. https://www.apnic.net/about-apnic/organization/structure/apnic-executive-council/ec-members/past-ec-members/
        13. -
      13. https://2023.apricot.net/assets/files/APPS314/nirsigapnic55present_1677547303.pdf
        14. -
      14. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_number_of_Internet_users
        15. -
      15. https://2023.apricot.net/assets/files/APPS314/sigguidelineproposal_1677547638.pdf
        16. -
      16. https://www.apnic.net/community/policy/resources
        17. -
      17. https://help.apnic.net/s/article/IPv4-Transfer-Fees
        18. -
      18. https://czds.icann.org/zone-request/add
        19. -
      19. https://blog.apnic.net/2022/12/12/apnic-fee-schedule-increase-for-all-account-holders-from-1-january-2023/
        20. -
      -
      +
    2. Second, Mr Gaurab Raj Upadhaya, another veteran and a respected name in the + APNIC community, (served six terms in the APNIC Executive Council from 2011 to + 2022[12], and on the chair from + 2016-2022) steps aside from APNIC Executive Council.
      3. +
    3. In the APNIC NIR SIG session, a meeting place for seven National Internet + Registries (CNNIC, IDNIC, IRINN, JPNIC, KRNIC, TWNIC, and VNNIC), there were + discussions and presentations on IPv6 deployment, RPKI, uniqueness among NIR's + and updates from NIR members. In one of the NIR’s session[13], IP address delegations to + various countries were discussed and a pie chart comparison is shown below. +
      post-thumb
      +
      It is worth mentioning that more than + 60% of total IPv6 address delegations by APNIC went to China and India + has roughly 6% of IPv6 addresses allocated within the APNIC + region. Although population-wise and Internet + penetration-wise[14], both + these countries are nearly comparable but + IPv6 address allocation to India is 1/10 of that of + China.
      +
      4. +
    4. In a joint SIG meeting, there were discussions on Updating the election process + of SIGs[15]
      5. +
    5. In the APNIC Routing Security SIG meeting, there were presentations and + discussions on multiple topics including “Status of hierarchical vs + non-hierarchical as-sets” and there was a policy (prop-151: Restricting + non-hierarchical as-set) on the same topic, and the consensus was reached on + this in OPM and AGM both.
      6. +
    6. In Open Policy Meetings 1 and 2, one of the most popular sessions of APNIC + conferences, the community discusses the proposal in person, or via remote + participation. At the end of the period allotted to discuss the proposal, the + SIG Chair(s) decide if the community has reached a consensus. If the SIG accepts + the proposal, the Chair reports that decision at the APNIC Member Meeting (AMM). +

      The following policy proposals were discussed –

      +
        +
      1. prop-147: Historical Resources Management
        2. +
      2. prop-149: Change of maximum delegation for less than /21 total IPv4 + holdings
        3. +
      3. prop-150: ROA/whois object with Private, Reserved and Unallocated + (reserved/available) Origin ASN.
        4. +
      4. prop-151: Restricting non-hierarchical as-set
        5. +
      +

      Consensus has been reached on Prop-147, Prop-150 and Prop-151 at APNIC 55. + Prop-148 and prop-149 are under discussion and shall be discussed further in + the next APNIC meeting. OPM is one of the most important sessions as policy + proposals are discussed and then after the voting took place on the policy + proposals.

      +

      There was a Panel discussion on the Leasing of IP addresses. The existing + APNIC policies are silent on leasing, and there was a policy in APNIC 54 on + leasing (which was held in Singapore in September 2022), ‘prop-148: Leasing + of Resources is not Acceptable’, which didn’t reach a consensus. Leasing is + a tricky point as ISPs, network services providers and other organizations + use IP addresses outside their ASN boundary also for multiple reasons, and a + negative policy on this can lead to chaos for a few networks/organizations. +

      +

      One of the probable examples of leasing is 1.1.1.1(and 1.0.0.1). The 1.1.1.0/24 and + 1.0.0.0/24 IP segments are allocated to APNIC-LABS and the segments are announced from ASN + 13335, Cloudflare’s ASN.

      +

      Current APNIC policies allowed the transfer[16] of resources by paying + the fees[17] (the resources + have to be marked as unused for transferring/selling and the current market + price of an IPv4 address is approximately $50 per address)

      + post-thumb +

      Source - https://blog.apnic.net/2023/01/23/ip-addressing-through-2022/ +

      +
      7. +
    7. DNS Abuse session – Mr Champika from ICANN talks about the Domain Abuse Activity + Reporting (DAAR) and Centralized Zone Data Service (CZDS) projects of ICANN. All + gTLDs are part of DAAR and its optional for ccTLDs to join this. Through CZDS + service[18], zone data of all + the gTLDs (more than 1150 TLDs as of march 2023) are available for the + researchers and can be used for various data analytics and cyber security + purposes. A few of the interesting findings using this CZDS data are –

      +
        +
      1. Who controls the internet?
        2. +
      2. Who reads your email?
        3. +
      +
      8. +
    8. Annual General Meeting – Following reports were presented -- APNIC activity 2022 + report, treasure’s report, EC report (where it was reiterated that fees for + apnic account holders will be going to rise effective from 01st Jan 2023[19], an account holder with /16 + IPv4 addresses shall have to pay AUD 10,234 which is AUD 609 higher than the + previous year charges), Policy SIG report, Joint SIG report, Routing Security + SIG report, NIR SIG report, and Cooperation SIG report.
      9. +
    +

    APNIC 55 meeting ends on 02nd March 2023.

    +
    References:
    +
      +
    1. https://lists.ausnog.net/pipermail/ausnog/attachments/20230214/86094c46/attachment-0001.pdf +
      2. +
    2. https://orbit.apnic.net/hyperkitty/list/apnic-talk@lists.apnic.net/thread/JIZFMZ3QOMUGCWFLQ6DKG45CDIY3GSRL/ +
      3. +
    3. https://orbit.apnic.net/hyperkitty/list/apnic-talk@lists.apnic.net/thread/ZV2EH35IIASA22VSGTEZ76NPJBXAYPEA/ +
      4. +
    4. https://mybroadband.co.za/news/internet/407770-afrinic-bank-accounts-frozen-after-r740-million-damages-claim.html +
      5. +
    5. https://afrinic.net/court-cases +
      6. +
    6. https://www.nro.net/wp-content/uploads/NRO-Letter-to-Mauritius-Government-FINAL.pdf +
      7. +
    7. https://afrinic.net/20220215-court-update-cloud-innovation-ltd-vs-afrinic-scr-5c-30-21 +
      8. +
    8. https://orbit.apnic.net/hyperkitty/list/apnic-talk@lists.apnic.net/thread/ZV2EH35IIASA22VSGTEZ76NPJBXAYPEA/ +
      9. +
    9. https://lists.ausnog.net/pipermail/ausnog/attachments/20230214/86094c46/attachment-0001.pdf +
      10. +
    10. https://orbit.apnic.net/hyperkitty/list/apnic-talk@lists.apnic.net/thread/RVPB2ZDTED2BTIYDOXO4V6FZCIBDYSU7/ +
      11. +
    11. https://www.bigpulse.com/pollresults?code=1347334F85MguQmfUrTmJkLupT9 +
      12. +
    12. https://www.apnic.net/about-apnic/organization/structure/apnic-executive-council/ec-members/past-ec-members/ +
      13. +
    13. https://2023.apricot.net/assets/files/APPS314/nirsigapnic55present_1677547303.pdf +
      14. +
    14. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_number_of_Internet_users +
      15. +
    15. https://2023.apricot.net/assets/files/APPS314/sigguidelineproposal_1677547638.pdf +
      16. +
    16. https://www.apnic.net/community/policy/resources +
      17. +
    17. https://help.apnic.net/s/article/IPv4-Transfer-Fees +
      18. +
    18. https://czds.icann.org/zone-request/add +
      19. +
    19. https://blog.apnic.net/2022/12/12/apnic-fee-schedule-increase-for-all-account-holders-from-1-january-2023/ +
      20. +
    - +
    +
    - - + + + -
    - -
    - +
    + +
    + - -
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + +
    + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file From e27f8f756e2c6cfe69c2637f0d0a0d01a27dc9e1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: kansal15 Date: Wed, 6 Mar 2024 09:03:22 +0530 Subject: [PATCH 3/3] Add the Disqus in all pages --- 2013/06/national-knowledge-network.html | 21 +- 2013/06/shouldnt-india-have-root-server.html | 21 +- 2013/06/what-is-wi-fi.html | 21 +- ...main-information-groper-dig-dns-query.html | 21 +- ...how-to-install-dig-in-windows-machine.html | 21 +- .../online-privacy-about-gstaticcom-and.html | 21 +- 2013/11/ipv6-address-allocation-bcp.html | 21 +- .../why-we-have-ipv6-after-ipv4-where-is.html | 21 +- ...google-public-dns-servers-hijacked-on.html | 21 +- 2014/03/pgp-and-smime-protocol.html | 21 +- 2014/03/public-dns-servers.html | 21 +- .../extension-mechanisms-for-dns-edns0.html | 32 +- .../internationalized-domain-name-url-in.html | 21 +- 2014/09/ipv6-dns-measurement-stats.html | 21 +- ...a-certificate-chain-and-traceroute-of.html | 19 + 2015/09/cipher-suites.html | 19 + 2015/09/export-grade-cryptography.html | 19 + ...flaw-in-serverkeyexchange-messages-of.html | 21 ++ .../freak-factoring-attack-on-rsa-export.html | 20 ++ 2015/09/http10-and-http11.html | 21 +- .../ip-to-country-mapping-in-wireshark.html | 21 +- 2015/09/server-name-indication-sni.html | 21 +- 2015/09/spdy-pronounced-speedy-npn-next.html | 21 +- 2015/09/tls-handshake.html | 21 +- 2015/09/tls-session-resumption.html | 21 +- ...ansport-layer-security-tls-and-secure.html | 21 +- .../analysis-of-igi-airport-wi-fi-setup.html | 19 + 2020/08/common-terms-used-in-wireless.html | 28 +- .../multiple-input-multiple-output-mimo.html | 20 ++ 2021/07/identity-psk-ipsk.html | 21 ++ ...vailability-and-info-of-wlan-channels.html | 21 ++ 2022/02/history-of-root-servers.html | 19 + 2022/02/ipv6-sage-certified-henet.html | 20 ++ ...re-nirs-limiting-nations-say-in-apnic.html | 18 + 2022/05/IP-rating.html | 18 + 2022/05/configure-firefox.html | 19 + .../07/is-apnic-policy-of-members-voting.html | 19 + 2022/11/thankYou.html | 19 + .../02/Calculating-DS-record-from-DNSKEY.html | 324 ++++++++++-------- 39 files changed, 939 insertions(+), 176 deletions(-) diff --git a/2013/06/national-knowledge-network.html b/2013/06/national-knowledge-network.html index 014247d..12fdaa7 100644 --- a/2013/06/national-knowledge-network.html +++ b/2013/06/national-knowledge-network.html @@ -165,6 +165,7 @@
    For more information about NKN, pl. visit
  • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Knowledge_Network
    • +
    @@ -192,7 +193,25 @@
    For more information about NKN, pl. visit
    $("#skipnone").remove(); }); $('#myFooter').load('../../include/footer.html'); - $('#showsidebar').load('../../include/sidebarShow.html'); + $('#showsidebar').load('../../include/sidebarShow.html'); + + + diff --git a/2013/06/shouldnt-india-have-root-server.html b/2013/06/shouldnt-india-have-root-server.html index a47c1c9..ab04d1d 100644 --- a/2013/06/shouldnt-india-have-root-server.html +++ b/2013/06/shouldnt-india-have-root-server.html @@ -140,6 +140,7 @@

    difference which exists between the North and the South????

    +
    @@ -167,7 +168,25 @@

    $("#skipnone").remove(); }); $('#myFooter').load('../../include/footer.html'); - $('#showsidebar').load('../../include/sidebarShow.html'); + $('#showsidebar').load('../../include/sidebarShow.html'); + + + diff --git a/2013/06/what-is-wi-fi.html b/2013/06/what-is-wi-fi.html index 85be60b..b045c18 100644 --- a/2013/06/what-is-wi-fi.html +++ b/2013/06/what-is-wi-fi.html @@ -135,6 +135,7 @@

    +
    @@ -162,7 +163,25 @@

    $("#skipnone").remove(); }); $('#myFooter').load('../../include/footer.html'); - $('#showsidebar').load('../../include/sidebarShow.html'); + $('#showsidebar').load('../../include/sidebarShow.html'); + + + diff --git a/2013/08/domain-information-groper-dig-dns-query.html b/2013/08/domain-information-groper-dig-dns-query.html index 558901d..c528b21 100644 --- a/2013/08/domain-information-groper-dig-dns-query.html +++ b/2013/08/domain-information-groper-dig-dns-query.html @@ -288,6 +288,7 @@

    Usage Example :-

    Then resolver goes to NS of 'india.gov.in' which in turn replies the desired query answer.

    +
    @@ -315,7 +316,25 @@
    Usage Example :-
    $("#skipnone").remove(); }); $('#myFooter').load('../../include/footer.html'); - $('#showsidebar').load('../../include/sidebarShow.html'); + $('#showsidebar').load('../../include/sidebarShow.html'); + + + diff --git a/2013/08/how-to-install-dig-in-windows-machine.html b/2013/08/how-to-install-dig-in-windows-machine.html index 68eacd6..e6ac9aa 100644 --- a/2013/08/how-to-install-dig-in-windows-machine.html +++ b/2013/08/how-to-install-dig-in-windows-machine.html @@ -130,6 +130,7 @@
    Use dig more efficiently (using .digrc) :-

    This bug has been rectified in Bind 9.9.5-W1 version which can be downloaded from here.

    +
    @@ -157,7 +158,25 @@
    Use dig more efficiently (using .digrc) :-
    $("#skipnone").remove(); }); $('#myFooter').load('../../include/footer.html'); - $('#showsidebar').load('../../include/sidebarShow.html'); + $('#showsidebar').load('../../include/sidebarShow.html'); + + + diff --git a/2013/08/online-privacy-about-gstaticcom-and.html b/2013/08/online-privacy-about-gstaticcom-and.html index 8eca1b3..fc0b644 100644 --- a/2013/08/online-privacy-about-gstaticcom-and.html +++ b/2013/08/online-privacy-about-gstaticcom-and.html @@ -86,6 +86,7 @@

    +
    @@ -113,7 +114,25 @@

    $("#skipnone").remove(); }); $('#myFooter').load('../../include/footer.html'); - $('#showsidebar').load('../../include/sidebarShow.html'); + $('#showsidebar').load('../../include/sidebarShow.html'); + + + diff --git a/2013/11/ipv6-address-allocation-bcp.html b/2013/11/ipv6-address-allocation-bcp.html index 3e5b157..db2cfe1 100644 --- a/2013/11/ipv6-address-allocation-bcp.html +++ b/2013/11/ipv6-address-allocation-bcp.html @@ -300,6 +300,7 @@

    Best Current Practice:
    +
    @@ -327,7 +328,25 @@
    Best Current Practice:
    $("#skipnone").remove(); }); $('#myFooter').load('../../include/footer.html'); - $('#showsidebar').load('../../include/sidebarShow.html'); + $('#showsidebar').load('../../include/sidebarShow.html'); + + + diff --git a/2013/12/why-we-have-ipv6-after-ipv4-where-is.html b/2013/12/why-we-have-ipv6-after-ipv4-where-is.html index 53b7542..539eca7 100644 --- a/2013/12/why-we-have-ipv6-after-ipv4-where-is.html +++ b/2013/12/why-we-have-ipv6-after-ipv4-where-is.html @@ -97,6 +97,7 @@

    in our lifetime, it will having a number greater than 9 for sure :).

    +
    @@ -124,7 +125,25 @@

    $("#skipnone").remove(); }); $('#myFooter').load('../../include/footer.html'); - $('#showsidebar').load('../../include/sidebarShow.html'); + $('#showsidebar').load('../../include/sidebarShow.html'); + + + diff --git a/2014/03/google-public-dns-servers-hijacked-on.html b/2014/03/google-public-dns-servers-hijacked-on.html index 6f90f63..ce7eafa 100644 --- a/2014/03/google-public-dns-servers-hijacked-on.html +++ b/2014/03/google-public-dns-servers-hijacked-on.html @@ -105,6 +105,7 @@

    how much vulnerable we are in the Internet world even today.

    +
    @@ -132,7 +133,25 @@

    $("#skipnone").remove(); }); $('#myFooter').load('../../include/footer.html'); - $('#showsidebar').load('../../include/sidebarShow.html'); + $('#showsidebar').load('../../include/sidebarShow.html'); + + + diff --git a/2014/03/pgp-and-smime-protocol.html b/2014/03/pgp-and-smime-protocol.html index 50523ed..4bc5979 100644 --- a/2014/03/pgp-and-smime-protocol.html +++ b/2014/03/pgp-and-smime-protocol.html @@ -135,6 +135,7 @@

    Summary:
    +
    @@ -162,7 +163,25 @@
    Summary:
    $("#skipnone").remove(); }); $('#myFooter').load('../../include/footer.html'); - $('#showsidebar').load('../../include/sidebarShow.html'); + $('#showsidebar').load('../../include/sidebarShow.html'); + + + diff --git a/2014/03/public-dns-servers.html b/2014/03/public-dns-servers.html index 6d3405c..0293e45 100644 --- a/2014/03/public-dns-servers.html +++ b/2014/03/public-dns-servers.html @@ -131,6 +131,7 @@
    Other Public DNS Server
    +
    @@ -158,7 +159,25 @@
    Other Public DNS Server
    $("#skipnone").remove(); }); $('#myFooter').load('../../include/footer.html'); - $('#showsidebar').load('../../include/sidebarShow.html'); + $('#showsidebar').load('../../include/sidebarShow.html'); + + + diff --git a/2014/04/extension-mechanisms-for-dns-edns0.html b/2014/04/extension-mechanisms-for-dns-edns0.html index ff93cae..957ff94 100644 --- a/2014/04/extension-mechanisms-for-dns-edns0.html +++ b/2014/04/extension-mechanisms-for-dns-edns0.html @@ -269,13 +269,14 @@
    EDNS Support in Resolvers
    supports larger dns packets or not?

    By default implementation of various firewalls block DNS packet of size larger than 512 bytes (Cisco ASA blocks such packets).

    -

    To check EDNS implementation support in your resolver, use below mentioned dig +

    To check EDNS implementation support in your resolver, use below + mentioned dig command –

    $ dig +short rs.dns-oarc.net txt

    You can specify DNS resolver also by using below command –

    -
    +
    $dig +short rs.dns-oarc.net txt @resolver-address

    The output should look something like this –

    @@ -298,9 +299,10 @@
    EDNS Support in Resolvers
    reply size limit is at least 4023 bytes" -

    To check EDNS packet sixe support by nslookup utility, use following command –

    +

    To check EDNS packet sixe support by nslookup utility, use following + command –

    - cmd> nslookup –type=TXT rs.dns-oarc.net. + cmd> nslookup –type=TXT rs.dns-oarc.net.
    For more detail about EDNS packet size testing, visit:-
    @@ -310,11 +312,13 @@
    For more detail about EDNS packet size testing, visit:-<

    - +
    + + @@ -338,6 +342,24 @@
    For more detail about EDNS packet size testing, visit:-< $('#myFooter').load('../../include/footer.html'); $('#showsidebar').load('../../include/sidebarShow.html'); + + + diff --git a/2014/08/internationalized-domain-name-url-in.html b/2014/08/internationalized-domain-name-url-in.html index 7872d9d..287a738 100644 --- a/2014/08/internationalized-domain-name-url-in.html +++ b/2014/08/internationalized-domain-name-url-in.html @@ -187,6 +187,7 @@
    For more info, please refer :- -
    DNS Query for an IDN domain +
    @@ -214,7 +215,25 @@
    For more info, please refer :- -
    $("#skipnone").remove(); }); $('#myFooter').load('../../include/footer.html'); - $('#showsidebar').load('../../include/sidebarShow.html'); + $('#showsidebar').load('../../include/sidebarShow.html'); + + + diff --git a/2014/09/ipv6-dns-measurement-stats.html b/2014/09/ipv6-dns-measurement-stats.html index 859df3c..772d44e 100644 --- a/2014/09/ipv6-dns-measurement-stats.html +++ b/2014/09/ipv6-dns-measurement-stats.html @@ -388,6 +388,7 @@
    Most Queried Domain
    +
    @@ -415,7 +416,25 @@
    Most Queried Domain
    $("#skipnone").remove(); }); $('#myFooter').load('../../include/footer.html'); - $('#showsidebar').load('../../include/sidebarShow.html'); + $('#showsidebar').load('../../include/sidebarShow.html'); + + + diff --git a/2015/09/ca-certificate-chain-and-traceroute-of.html b/2015/09/ca-certificate-chain-and-traceroute-of.html index a37b324..7fcdc8a 100644 --- a/2015/09/ca-certificate-chain-and-traceroute-of.html +++ b/2015/09/ca-certificate-chain-and-traceroute-of.html @@ -76,6 +76,7 @@

    Both subCA hierarchy and tracroute, has the full lyrics of Bad Horse song.

    Interesting stuff and amazing use of technology.

    +
    @@ -106,6 +107,24 @@

    $('#myFooter').load('../../include/footer.html'); $('#showsidebar').load('../../include/sidebarShow.html'); + + + diff --git a/2015/09/cipher-suites.html b/2015/09/cipher-suites.html index e3d8973..7da5808 100644 --- a/2015/09/cipher-suites.html +++ b/2015/09/cipher-suites.html @@ -2549,6 +2549,7 @@

    Appendix:-
    +
    @@ -2579,6 +2580,24 @@
    Appendix:-
    $('#showsidebar').load('../../include/sidebarShow.html'); + + + diff --git a/2015/09/export-grade-cryptography.html b/2015/09/export-grade-cryptography.html index e00d932..9fab484 100644 --- a/2015/09/export-grade-cryptography.html +++ b/2015/09/export-grade-cryptography.html @@ -81,6 +81,7 @@

    The export-grade encryption had 512 bits, the maximum allowed under U.S. restrictions designed to limit trade in military technologies in the 1990s.

    +
    @@ -111,6 +112,24 @@

    $('#showsidebar').load('../../include/sidebarShow.html'); + + + diff --git a/2015/09/flaw-in-serverkeyexchange-messages-of.html b/2015/09/flaw-in-serverkeyexchange-messages-of.html index a0a0862..d3fd648 100644 --- a/2015/09/flaw-in-serverkeyexchange-messages-of.html +++ b/2015/09/flaw-in-serverkeyexchange-messages-of.html @@ -101,6 +101,7 @@

    of Finished messages. And this is a big task :).

    +
    @@ -130,6 +131,26 @@

    $('#myFooter').load('../../include/footer.html'); $('#showsidebar').load('../../include/sidebarShow.html'); + + + + + diff --git a/2015/09/freak-factoring-attack-on-rsa-export.html b/2015/09/freak-factoring-attack-on-rsa-export.html index b35e957..4ea63c4 100644 --- a/2015/09/freak-factoring-attack-on-rsa-export.html +++ b/2015/09/freak-factoring-attack-on-rsa-export.html @@ -95,6 +95,7 @@

    Acknowledgements -

    +
    @@ -125,6 +126,25 @@
    Acknowledgements -
    $('#showsidebar').load('../../include/sidebarShow.html'); + + + + diff --git a/2015/09/http10-and-http11.html b/2015/09/http10-and-http11.html index 8639917..5435c1e 100644 --- a/2015/09/http10-and-http11.html +++ b/2015/09/http10-and-http11.html @@ -176,6 +176,7 @@
    HTTP and HTML :-

    +
    @@ -203,7 +204,25 @@
    HTTP and HTML :-
    $("#skipnone").remove(); }); $('#myFooter').load('../../include/footer.html'); - $('#showsidebar').load('../../include/sidebarShow.html'); + $('#showsidebar').load('../../include/sidebarShow.html'); + + + diff --git a/2015/09/ip-to-country-mapping-in-wireshark.html b/2015/09/ip-to-country-mapping-in-wireshark.html index fd79daf..afa70d8 100644 --- a/2015/09/ip-to-country-mapping-in-wireshark.html +++ b/2015/09/ip-to-country-mapping-in-wireshark.html @@ -82,6 +82,7 @@

    +
    @@ -109,7 +110,25 @@

    $("#skipnone").remove(); }); $('#myFooter').load('../../include/footer.html'); - $('#showsidebar').load('../../include/sidebarShow.html'); + $('#showsidebar').load('../../include/sidebarShow.html'); + + + diff --git a/2015/09/server-name-indication-sni.html b/2015/09/server-name-indication-sni.html index 808dc7e..616a080 100644 --- a/2015/09/server-name-indication-sni.html +++ b/2015/09/server-name-indication-sni.html @@ -87,6 +87,7 @@

    For more info, please refer :- -

    +
    @@ -114,7 +115,25 @@
    For more info, please refer :- -
    $("#skipnone").remove(); }); $('#myFooter').load('../../include/footer.html'); - $('#showsidebar').load('../../include/sidebarShow.html'); + $('#showsidebar').load('../../include/sidebarShow.html'); + + + diff --git a/2015/09/spdy-pronounced-speedy-npn-next.html b/2015/09/spdy-pronounced-speedy-npn-next.html index 2b4acce..04a4010 100644 --- a/2015/09/spdy-pronounced-speedy-npn-next.html +++ b/2015/09/spdy-pronounced-speedy-npn-next.html @@ -143,6 +143,7 @@
    Why not HTTP/1.2 ?
    +
    @@ -170,7 +171,25 @@
    Why not HTTP/1.2 ?
    $("#skipnone").remove(); }); $('#myFooter').load('../../include/footer.html'); - $('#showsidebar').load('../../include/sidebarShow.html'); + $('#showsidebar').load('../../include/sidebarShow.html'); + + + diff --git a/2015/09/tls-handshake.html b/2015/09/tls-handshake.html index 1a2c6ac..dbe2583 100644 --- a/2015/09/tls-handshake.html +++ b/2015/09/tls-handshake.html @@ -138,6 +138,7 @@
    TLS Parameters :- -
    +
    @@ -165,7 +166,25 @@
    TLS Parameters :- -
    $("#skipnone").remove(); }); $('#myFooter').load('../../include/footer.html'); - $('#showsidebar').load('../../include/sidebarShow.html'); + $('#showsidebar').load('../../include/sidebarShow.html'); + + + diff --git a/2015/09/tls-session-resumption.html b/2015/09/tls-session-resumption.html index 40e9d66..693161f 100644 --- a/2015/09/tls-session-resumption.html +++ b/2015/09/tls-session-resumption.html @@ -132,6 +132,7 @@
    Session Tickets

    +
    @@ -159,7 +160,25 @@
    Session Tickets
    $("#skipnone").remove(); }); $('#myFooter').load('../../include/footer.html'); - $('#showsidebar').load('../../include/sidebarShow.html'); + $('#showsidebar').load('../../include/sidebarShow.html'); + + + diff --git a/2015/09/transport-layer-security-tls-and-secure.html b/2015/09/transport-layer-security-tls-and-secure.html index 03c471e..3e778c4 100644 --- a/2015/09/transport-layer-security-tls-and-secure.html +++ b/2015/09/transport-layer-security-tls-and-secure.html @@ -164,6 +164,7 @@
    For a details list of browser supporting TLS and SSL, please refer the be https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security#Web_browsers +
    @@ -191,7 +192,25 @@
    For a details list of browser supporting TLS and SSL, please refer the be $("#skipnone").remove(); }); $('#myFooter').load('../../include/footer.html'); - $('#showsidebar').load('../../include/sidebarShow.html'); + $('#showsidebar').load('../../include/sidebarShow.html'); + + + diff --git a/2016/10/analysis-of-igi-airport-wi-fi-setup.html b/2016/10/analysis-of-igi-airport-wi-fi-setup.html index 6b17474..62ae532 100644 --- a/2016/10/analysis-of-igi-airport-wi-fi-setup.html +++ b/2016/10/analysis-of-igi-airport-wi-fi-setup.html @@ -185,6 +185,7 @@
    Speed Test and Uplink Information
    igi +
    @@ -214,6 +215,24 @@
    Speed Test and Uplink Information
    $('#myFooter').load('../../include/footer.html'); $('#showsidebar').load('../../include/sidebarShow.html'); + + + diff --git a/2020/08/common-terms-used-in-wireless.html b/2020/08/common-terms-used-in-wireless.html index d319dd2..4d6a43c 100644 --- a/2020/08/common-terms-used-in-wireless.html +++ b/2020/08/common-terms-used-in-wireless.html @@ -41,8 +41,8 @@
    -
    -
    +
    +

    Common terms used in Wireless Communications

    @@ -70,12 +70,15 @@

    src="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1PPpnLBH9xbEVdR3MtcPHlJo3QQvpCpbf/preview" width="100%">

    +
    - +
    +
    +
    @@ -100,6 +103,25 @@

    $('#myFooter').load('../../include/footer.html'); $('#showsidebar').load('../../include/sidebarShow.html'); + + + + diff --git a/2020/09/multiple-input-multiple-output-mimo.html b/2020/09/multiple-input-multiple-output-mimo.html index ea712dc..7f72dfa 100644 --- a/2020/09/multiple-input-multiple-output-mimo.html +++ b/2020/09/multiple-input-multiple-output-mimo.html @@ -70,7 +70,9 @@

    src="https://drive.google.com/file/d/11NglGBQtcXX6jR64d0Kpvb41LLfrNDfP/preview" width="100%"> +
    + @@ -99,6 +101,24 @@

    $('#myFooter').load('../../include/footer.html'); $('#showsidebar').load('../../include/sidebarShow.html'); + + + diff --git a/2021/07/identity-psk-ipsk.html b/2021/07/identity-psk-ipsk.html index a659dde..465e7d8 100644 --- a/2021/07/identity-psk-ipsk.html +++ b/2021/07/identity-psk-ipsk.html @@ -169,7 +169,9 @@

    Step 3-

    Happy Browsing 😊

    +
    + @@ -198,6 +200,25 @@
    Step 3-
    $('#myFooter').load('../../include/footer.html'); $('#showsidebar').load('../../include/sidebarShow.html'); + + + + diff --git a/2021/12/availability-and-info-of-wlan-channels.html b/2021/12/availability-and-info-of-wlan-channels.html index 1387a02..8daef33 100644 --- a/2021/12/availability-and-info-of-wlan-channels.html +++ b/2021/12/availability-and-info-of-wlan-channels.html @@ -118,8 +118,11 @@
    References:
    +
    + + @@ -149,6 +152,24 @@
    References:
    $('#myFooter').load('../../include/footer.html'); $('#sidebarshow').load('../../include/sidebarShow.html'); + + + diff --git a/2022/02/history-of-root-servers.html b/2022/02/history-of-root-servers.html index c8e8638..e0d6284 100644 --- a/2022/02/history-of-root-servers.html +++ b/2022/02/history-of-root-servers.html @@ -502,7 +502,9 @@
    References:
    +
    + @@ -531,6 +533,23 @@
    References:
    $('#myFooter').load('../../include/footer.html'); $('#showsidebar').load('../../include/sidebarShow.html'); + + diff --git a/2022/02/ipv6-sage-certified-henet.html b/2022/02/ipv6-sage-certified-henet.html index 727eb27..2e7a223 100644 --- a/2022/02/ipv6-sage-certified-henet.html +++ b/2022/02/ipv6-sage-certified-henet.html @@ -66,7 +66,9 @@

    IPv6 Sage Certified - HE.NET

    IPv6 Certification Badge for gauravkansal +
    + @@ -96,6 +98,24 @@

    IPv6 Sage Certified - HE.NET

    $('#showsidebar').load('../../include/sidebarShow.html'); + + + diff --git a/2022/03/are-nirs-limiting-nations-say-in-apnic.html b/2022/03/are-nirs-limiting-nations-say-in-apnic.html index 520432d..fc9361f 100644 --- a/2022/03/are-nirs-limiting-nations-say-in-apnic.html +++ b/2022/03/are-nirs-limiting-nations-say-in-apnic.html @@ -854,6 +854,7 @@
    References:
    +
    @@ -884,6 +885,23 @@
    References:
    $('#myFooter').load('../../include/footer.html'); $('#showsidebar').load('../../include/sidebarShow.html'); + + diff --git a/2022/05/IP-rating.html b/2022/05/IP-rating.html index d1d43b5..d22a0cf 100644 --- a/2022/05/IP-rating.html +++ b/2022/05/IP-rating.html @@ -114,6 +114,7 @@
    +
    @@ -143,6 +144,23 @@
    $('#myFooter').load('../../include/footer.html'); $('#showsidebar').load('../../include/sidebarShow.html'); + + diff --git a/2022/05/configure-firefox.html b/2022/05/configure-firefox.html index b9a3409..8b4743d 100644 --- a/2022/05/configure-firefox.html +++ b/2022/05/configure-firefox.html @@ -118,6 +118,7 @@
    +
    @@ -147,6 +148,24 @@
    $('#myFooter').load('../../include/footer.html'); $('#showsidebar').load('../../include/sidebarShow.html'); + + + diff --git a/2022/07/is-apnic-policy-of-members-voting.html b/2022/07/is-apnic-policy-of-members-voting.html index 2a828ff..f017672 100644 --- a/2022/07/is-apnic-policy-of-members-voting.html +++ b/2022/07/is-apnic-policy-of-members-voting.html @@ -869,6 +869,7 @@
    References:
    +
    @@ -899,6 +900,24 @@
    References:
    $('#myFooter').load('../../include/footer.html'); $('#showsidebar').load('../../include/sidebarShow.html'); + + + diff --git a/2022/11/thankYou.html b/2022/11/thankYou.html index 54ddab4..54c25fe 100644 --- a/2022/11/thankYou.html +++ b/2022/11/thankYou.html @@ -81,6 +81,7 @@

    Thanking you once again!

    +
    @@ -110,6 +111,24 @@

    $('#myFooter').load('../../include/footer.html'); $('#showsidebar').load('../../include/sidebarShow.html'); + + + diff --git a/2024/02/Calculating-DS-record-from-DNSKEY.html b/2024/02/Calculating-DS-record-from-DNSKEY.html index 5bb7821..e771a58 100644 --- a/2024/02/Calculating-DS-record-from-DNSKEY.html +++ b/2024/02/Calculating-DS-record-from-DNSKEY.html @@ -1,156 +1,167 @@ - - - Gaurav Kansal Blog - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
    -
    - -
    - - - -
    + + + + Gaurav Kansal Blog + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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    + +
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    + - + - -
    + +
    +
    +
    +
    +

    Calculating DS record from DNSKEY

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    -

    Calculating DS record from DNSKEY

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    • Post by + - post-thumb -
      -

      DS (Delegation Signer) is calculated using the following five fields –

      -

        -
      1. DNSKEY owner name: clean-internet.in. (0x 0e636C65616E2D696E7465726E657402696E00) -
        2. -
      2. Flags:257 (0x0101) -
        3. -
      3. Protocol:3 (0x03) -
        4. -
      4. Algorithm:13 (0x0D) -
        5. -
      5. Public Key corresponding to the KSK: HAbAHtlIrnJ7d8M7r4PpODUebLmP.. -
        6. -
      -
      Hex of Public Key: - 1c06c01ed948ae727b77c33baf83e938351e6cb98f9162bb2198b2e0a43ce9693da5b882ab5c5a025a8f986faecd7a3766b0c9104cda5001a32b8d013c125d3e -
      - -

      Now, combining the mentioned five parameters will lead to following data —

      -
      0e636C65616E2D696E7465726E657402696E000101030D1c06c01ed948ae727b77c33baf83e938351e6cb98f9162bb2198b2e0a43ce9693da5b882ab5c5a025a8f986faecd7a3766b0c9104cda5001a32b8d013c125d3e -
      - -

      Now, convert the hex to binary and find out the SHASUM -

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      echo -n - 0e636C65616E2D696E7465726E657402696E000101030D1c06c01ed948ae727b77c33baf83e938351e6cb98f9162bb2198b2e0a43ce9693da5b882ab5c5a025a8f986faecd7a3766b0c9104cda5001a32b8d013c125d3e - | xxd -r -p | shasum -a 256 -
      - -
      58b6825ce64a0bdffc475f82487f7a5793255986498041ea9b95241c8bf81ca7 - +
    • Feb 13, 2024
      • +
    + post-thumb +
    +

    DS (Delegation Signer) is calculated using the following + five fields –

    +

    +
      +
    1. DNSKEY owner name: clean-internet.in. (0x + 0e636C65616E2D696E7465726E657402696E00) +
      2. +
    2. Flags:257 (0x0101) +
      3. +
    3. Protocol:3 (0x03) +
      4. +
    4. Algorithm:13 (0x0D) +
      5. +
    5. Public Key corresponding to the KSK: HAbAHtlIrnJ7d8M7r4PpODUebLmP.. +
      6. +
    +
    Hex of Public Key: + 1c06c01ed948ae727b77c33baf83e938351e6cb98f9162bb2198b2e0a43ce9693da5b882ab5c5a025a8f986faecd7a3766b0c9104cda5001a32b8d013c125d3e +
    + +

    Now, combining the mentioned five parameters will lead to following data —

    +
    0e636C65616E2D696E7465726E657402696E000101030D1c06c01ed948ae727b77c33baf83e938351e6cb98f9162bb2198b2e0a43ce9693da5b882ab5c5a025a8f986faecd7a3766b0c9104cda5001a32b8d013c125d3e +
    + +

    Now, convert the hex to binary and find out the SHASUM -

    +
    echo -n + 0e636C65616E2D696E7465726E657402696E000101030D1c06c01ed948ae727b77c33baf83e938351e6cb98f9162bb2198b2e0a43ce9693da5b882ab5c5a025a8f986faecd7a3766b0c9104cda5001a32b8d013c125d3e + | xxd -r -p | shasum -a 256 +
    + +
    58b6825ce64a0bdffc475f82487f7a5793255986498041ea9b95241c8bf81ca7 - +
    + +

    Which is exact same as DS record of clean-pipe.in. domain -

    +

    #dig clean-internet.in. DS +short

    +
    58183 13 2 58B6825CE64A0BDFFC475F82487F7A5793255986498041EA9B95241C + 8BF81CA7 +
    +
    Further explanation:
    +
    +
    Calculating hex of clean-internet.in
    +
    +

    A domain name, in "wireformat" is a set of labels, where each label is + preceded by a length value and ends with the empty label (value 0x00).

    +

    For clean-internet, wire format is : 0e (as length is 14) and then “63 + 6C 65 61 6E 2D 69 6E 74 65 72 6E 65 74” (the hex representation of c , l , e + …); and for "in.", wire format is : 02 (as length is 2) and then “69 6E” + (the hex representation of i and n);

    +

    followed by empty label : 00

    +

    So, combine hex of “clean-internet.in” is — "0x 0e 63 6C 65 61 6E + 2D + 69 6E 74 65 72 6E 65 74 02 69 6E 00”

    +

    OR 0x0e636C65616E2D696E7465726E657402696E00 +

    - -

    Which is exact same as DS record of clean-pipe.in. domain -

    -

    #dig clean-internet.in. DS +short

    -
    58183 13 2 58B6825CE64A0BDFFC475F82487F7A5793255986498041EA9B95241C - 8BF81CA7 +
    +
    +
    Calculating Hex of DNSKEY which is in ASCII format.
    +
    +

    dig clean-internet.in. + @1.10.10.11 DNSKEY +short +multiline +
    + 256 3 13 + yE2hqr/n8hRaX1lEFmjxMJSiuce0gM5yiYoPsacLNc1yV8HMo8+rbOYu68FSimSwIU5wZYR+kQEK4F/a/5mllQ== +
    + 257 3 13 HAbAHtlIrnJ7d8M7r4PpODUebLmPkWK7IZiy4KQ86Wk9pbiCq1xaAlqP + mG+uzXo3ZrDJEEzaUAGjK40BPBJdPg== +

    +

    Calculating Hex of the DNSKEY portion of the KSK —

    +

    % echo -n 'HAbAHtlIrnJ7d8M7r4PpODUebLmPkWK7IZiy4KQ86Wk9pbiCq1xaAlqP + mG+uzXo3ZrDJEEzaUAGjK40BPBJdPg==' | base64 -D -i - | xxd -ps +
    1c06c01ed948ae727b77c33baf83e938351e6cb98f9162bb2198b2e0a43c + e9693da5b882ab5c5a025a8f986faecd7a3766b0c9104cda5001a32b8d01 + 3c125d3e +

    -
    Further explanation:
    -
    -
    Calculating hex of clean-internet.in
    -
    -

    A domain name, in "wireformat" is a set of labels, where each label is preceded by a length value and ends with the empty label (value 0x00).

    -

    For clean-internet, wire format is : 0e (as length is 14) and then “63 6C 65 61 6E 2D 69 6E 74 65 72 6E 65 74” (the hex representation of c , l , e …); and for "in.", wire format is : 02 (as length is 2) and then “69 6E” (the hex representation of i and n);

    -

    followed by empty label : 00

    -

    So, combine hex of “clean-internet.in” is — "0x 0e 63 6C 65 61 6E 2D - 69 6E 74 65 72 6E 65 74 02 69 6E 00”

    -

    OR 0x0e636C65616E2D696E7465726E657402696E00 -

    -
    -
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    Calculating Hex of DNSKEY which is in ASCII format.
    -
    -

    dig clean-internet.in. - @1.10.10.11 DNSKEY +short +multiline -
    - 256 3 13 - yE2hqr/n8hRaX1lEFmjxMJSiuce0gM5yiYoPsacLNc1yV8HMo8+rbOYu68FSimSwIU5wZYR+kQEK4F/a/5mllQ== -
    - 257 3 13 HAbAHtlIrnJ7d8M7r4PpODUebLmPkWK7IZiy4KQ86Wk9pbiCq1xaAlqP - mG+uzXo3ZrDJEEzaUAGjK40BPBJdPg== -

    -

    Calculating Hex of the DNSKEY portion of the KSK —

    -

    % echo -n 'HAbAHtlIrnJ7d8M7r4PpODUebLmPkWK7IZiy4KQ86Wk9pbiCq1xaAlqP - mG+uzXo3ZrDJEEzaUAGjK40BPBJdPg==' | base64 -D -i - | xxd -ps -
    1c06c01ed948ae727b77c33baf83e938351e6cb98f9162bb2198b2e0a43c - e9693da5b882ab5c5a025a8f986faecd7a3766b0c9104cda5001a32b8d01 - 3c125d3e -

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    References:
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    1. https://www.mail-archive.com/opendnssec-user@lists.opendnssec.org/msg01788.html -
      2. -
    2. https://stackoverflow.com/questions/14930460/how-to-verify-dnskey-by-using-its-corresponding-ds -
      3. -
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    + +
    References:
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    1. https://www.mail-archive.com/opendnssec-user@lists.opendnssec.org/msg01788.html +
      2. +
    2. https://stackoverflow.com/questions/14930460/how-to-verify-dnskey-by-using-its-corresponding-ds +
      3. +
    - +
    + - - + + + @@ -161,19 +172,36 @@
    References:
    - +
    - + + + @@ -185,9 +213,9 @@
    References:
    - - + + - + \ No newline at end of file