ancient_documents.md

Ancient documents from 1700/1800

• Repertorium, vol. I: Littrow's Heliostat (p.46-56)

• Repertorium, vol. II: Carl Zech, "Gli eliostati"; interessante confronto matematico/geometrico fra tre tipi di eliostati: Fraunhofer, August e Silbermann.

• "Le siderostat", by M.A. Laussedat, in "Revue des cours scientifiques de la France et de l'étranger". 1867-68, pp.259-264 - How Foucault siderostat was used to observe solar eclipses

• "La lunette astronomique horizontale destinée a l'observation du soleil, de ses éclipses et des passages de Vénus sur cet astre" ("Il telescopio orizzontale astronomico destinato all'osservazione del sole, delle sue eclissi e del passaggio di Venere su di esso", by M.A. Laussedat

• Zech, Ueber Heliostaten

  • "Repertorium für physikalische Technik", Vol. II ("Rpertorio di Philipp Carl sulla fisica e la tecnologia sperimentale, vol. II"), pagina 10 e successive
  • "Katalog von Leybolds Nachfolger" ("Catalogo del successore di Leybold, Colonia")

• Frick-Lehmann, Physikalische Technik I, 7. Aufl., S. 208 f., Braunschweig 1904 (Edizione 7, pag. 208) (su Google books, ma non consultabile: link; edizione 1856 consultabile, pag. 213: link)

• Radau, "Zur Theorie der Heliostaten", in "Carls Repertorium für physikalische Technik", vol II (1867), (pag.1 e successive, pag. 234 e successive)

• Notice sur l'Héliostat, Di Jean Thiébault Silbermann - Eliostato di Silbermann spiegato in dettaglio da lui stesso, con figura completa

• Heliostats, Siderostats, and Coelostats: A Review of Practical Instruments for Astronomical Applications, by A. A. Mills, 1985, in Journal of the British Astronomical Association, Vol. 95, NO.3/APR, P. 89, 1985 (describing various types of heliostats, also taking into account declination change along the year)

• A Note on the Principle And Nomenclature of Heliostats, Coelostats, Siderostats by Dougherty, L. M., in
  Journal of the British Astronomical Association, vol.92, no.4, p.182-187 (1982) (describing geometry of various types of heliostats)

• A self-setting heliostat and its use in experimental optics - by Edison Pettit, in Popular Astronomy Vol 21, Iss 9 (double mirror)
• BULLETIN OF THE ENCOURAGEMENT SOCIETY FOR NATIONAL INDUSTRY - Details page
• ON A HELIOSTAT FOR THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, WASHINGTON by SIR HOWARD GRUBB, F.R.S., an Hon. Secretary of the Royal Dublin Society (Plate XIII) in The Scientific proceedings of the Royal Dublin Society - new series - volume 6, on page 598, drawing on Plate XIII:

• VARIÉTÉS SUR LA THEORIE DES HËLIOSTATS, by Par M. R. RADAU, in "Bulletin astronomique", tome 1, 1884. pp. 153-160. Detailed descriptions of mechanism of heliostats by Foucalt, Silbermann and Littrow in French language. See transcriptions here.

• A Heliostat for Photo-Micrography, by S. W. Stratton and T. J. Burrill, in Proceedings of the American Society of Microscopists, Vol. 7, Eighth Annual Meeting (1885), pp. 103-107
  • Mirror rotation speed: 1 turn in 24 hours (full sun speed)
  • Reflection direction: customizable
  • Reflection target: final target
  • Clock mechanism: an endless screw is fixed to the axis of the minutes-hand of a standard clock, engaging a 24-cogs wheel on heliostat main axis

(also here)

• Un heliostat a la portee de tous, by G. Raymond, in "L'Astronomie", vol. 37, pp.410-411:

• A New Heliostat (alternative link), by Deck, Lyman S. , in Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, Vol. 25, Twenty-Sixth Annual Meeting (Sep., 1904), pp. 187-234 (48 pages) (how to build a simple heliostat using a standard mechanical clock)
  • Mirror rotation speed: 1 turn in 48 hours (half sun speed)
  • Reflection direction: orthogonal to clock axis
  • Reflection target : final target
  • clock mechanism: 1:4 reduction mechanism applied to hour-hand of a standard clock.

• On an improved heliostat invented by Alfred M. Mayer (1886) - Document is behind a paywall, but the patent of the device is available for free, with full explanation of the mechanism: link . Also available in "The American journal of science" (AKA "Silliman's Journal"), series 4, vol. 4: link (link found in "Die Fortschritte der Physik" by Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft, vol. 53, 1845. The device makes use of a clock mechanism which rotates an axis by 360 degrees every 24 hours, which is not part of this patent. The device is specifically intended to project "one single ray" from the sun.
  • Mirror rotation speed: 1 turn in 24 hours (full sun speed)
  • Reflection direction: parallel to clock axis
  • Reflection target : secondary mirror
  • clock mechanism: not specified

• Teoria dei "tubi solari": https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340111732_Study_and_Analysis_of_Parameters_Affecting_Tubular_Daylighting_Device
• Multiple references:

(source: Sur la théorie des héliostats, R. Radau "Bulletin astronomique, Observatoire de Paris", 1884,1 pp. 153-160 )