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Unix Programming and Regular Expressions Workshop - History Substitution

Sections:

History Description

History Command

  • The history command manipulates this history list.

  • In its simplest form, it prints the history list.

  • Options allow for the recall and editing of particular commands and for setting parameters such as the number of past commands to retain in the list.

History Options

history: history [-c] [-d offset] [n] or history -anrw [filename] or history -ps arg [arg...]

Display or manipulate the history list.

Display the history list with line numbers, prefixing each modified entry with a `*'. An argument of N lists only the last N entries.

History Options:

  • -c clear the history list by deleting all of the entries

  • -d offset delete the history entry at position OFFSET.

  • -a append history lines from this session to the history file

  • -nread all history lines not already read from the history file and append them to the history list

  • -r read the history file and append the contents to the history list

  • -w write the current history to the history file

  • -p perform history expansion on each ARG and display the result without storing it in the history list

  • -s append the ARGs to the history list as a single entry

If FILENAME is given, it is used as the history file.

Otherwise, if HISTFILE has a value, that is used, else ~/.bash_history.

History Event Designators

Designator Meaning
! Start a history event unless followed immediately by SPACE, NEWLINE or =
!! Previous Command
!n Command number n in the history list
!-n The nth preceding command
!string The most recent command that started with string
!?string[?] The most recent command that contained string. The last ? is optional
!# The current command that you have typed
!{event} The event is an event designator. The braces isolate event from the surrounding text

History Examples

history 10

this will output the last 10 entries in the history file

In zsh history is aliased to fc

!!

Will reexecute last command done in history

!3

This will execute the 3rd command in history

!-3

This will execute the 3rd to last command in history

!echo

This will execute the most recent command that started with echo

!?printf

This will execute the most recent command that contained printf

echo !#

This will print the curent command that you have typed hence echo echo

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