diff --git a/archeryutils/rounds.py b/archeryutils/rounds.py
index 1a1a7ca..57c7cca 100644
--- a/archeryutils/rounds.py
+++ b/archeryutils/rounds.py
@@ -42,6 +42,9 @@ class Pass:
     def __init__(self, n_arrows: int, target: Target) -> None:
         self.n_arrows = abs(n_arrows)
         self.target = target
+        if not isinstance(self.target, Target):
+            msg = "The target passed to a Pass should be of type Target."
+            raise TypeError(msg)
 
     @classmethod
     def at_target(  # noqa: PLR0913
@@ -202,6 +205,12 @@ def __init__(  # noqa: PLR0913
     ) -> None:
         self.name = name
         self.passes = list(passes)
+        if not self.passes:
+            msg = "passes must contain at least one Pass object but none supplied."
+            raise ValueError(msg)
+        if any(not isinstance(x, Pass) for x in self.passes):
+            msg = "passes in a Round object should be an iterable of Pass objects."
+            raise TypeError(msg)
         self.location = location
         self.body = body
         self.family = family
diff --git a/archeryutils/tests/test_rounds.py b/archeryutils/tests/test_rounds.py
index 625383f..970146d 100644
--- a/archeryutils/tests/test_rounds.py
+++ b/archeryutils/tests/test_rounds.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 """Tests for Pass and Round classes."""
 
-from typing import Union
+from typing import Iterable, Union
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -35,6 +35,14 @@ def test_init(self) -> None:
         assert test_pass.target == _target
         assert test_pass.n_arrows == 36
 
+    def test_invalid_target(self) -> None:
+        """Check that Pass raises a TypeError for invalid target."""
+        with pytest.raises(
+            TypeError,
+            match="The target passed to a Pass should be of type Target.",
+        ):
+            Pass(36, 42)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
     def test_at_target_constructor(self) -> None:
         """Check indirect initialisation of a Pass with target parameters."""
         test_pass = Pass.at_target(36, "5_zone", 122, 50)
@@ -175,6 +183,29 @@ def test_init_with_iterable_passes(self) -> None:
 
         assert list_.passes == tuple_.passes == iterable_.passes
 
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "badpass",
+        [
+            pytest.param([]),
+            pytest.param(()),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_init_with_empty_passes(self, badpass: Iterable) -> None:
+        """Check that Round raises a ValueError for empty passes iterable."""
+        with pytest.raises(
+            ValueError,
+            match="passes must contain at least one Pass object but none supplied.",
+        ):
+            Round("My Round Name", badpass)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+    def test_init_with_incorrect_type_passes(self) -> None:
+        """Check that Round raises a TypeError for passes not containing Pass."""
+        with pytest.raises(
+            TypeError,
+            match="passes in a Round object should be an iterable of Pass objects.",
+        ):
+            Round("My Round Name", ["a", "b", "c"])  # type: ignore[list-item]
+
     def test_repr(self) -> None:
         """Check Pass string representation."""
         test_round = Round("Name", [Pass(36, _target)])