implement CidFromReader

And reuse a CidFromBytes test for it, which includes both CIDv0 and
CIDv1 cases as inputs.

Fixes #126.

cid.go

@@ -680,3 +680,141 @@ func CidFromBytes(data []byte) (int, Cid, error) {
 
 	return l, Cid{string(data[0:l])}, nil
 }
+
+func toBufByteReader(r io.Reader, dst []byte) *bufByteReader {
+	// If the reader already implements ByteReader, use it directly.
+	// Otherwise, use a fallback that does 1-byte Reads.
+	if br, ok := r.(io.ByteReader); ok {
+		return &bufByteReader{direct: br, dst: dst, alreadyRead: len(dst)}
+	}
+	return &bufByteReader{fallback: r, dst: dst, alreadyRead: len(dst)}
+}
+
+type bufByteReader struct {
+	direct   io.ByteReader
+	fallback io.Reader
+
+	alreadyRead int
+	dst         []byte
+}
+
+func (r *bufByteReader) ReadByte() (byte, error) {
+	// We still have some of the initial bytes to use.
+	if r.alreadyRead > 0 {
+		b := r.dst[len(r.dst)-r.alreadyRead]
+		r.alreadyRead--
+		return b, nil
+	}
+
+	// The underlying reader has ReadByte; use it.
+	if br := r.direct; br != nil {
+		b, err := br.ReadByte()
+		if err != nil {
+			return 0, err
+		}
+		r.dst = append(r.dst, b)
+		return b, nil
+	}
+
+	// Fall back to a one-byte Read.
+	var p [1]byte
+	if _, err := io.ReadFull(r.fallback, p[:]); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	r.dst = append(r.dst, p[0])
+	return p[0], nil
+}
+
+// CidFromReader reads a precise number of bytes for a CID from a given reader.
+// It returns the number of bytes read, the CID, and any error encountered.
+//
+// It's recommended to supply a reader that buffers and implements io.ByteReader,
+// as CidFromReader has to do many single-byte reads to decode varints.
+// If the argument only implements io.Reader, single-byte Read calls are used instead.
+func CidFromReader(r io.Reader) (int, Cid, error) {
+	// 64 bytes is enough for any CIDv0,
+	// and it's enough for most CIDv1s in practice.
+	// If the digest is too long, we'll allocate more.
+	buf := make([]byte, 0, 64)
+
+	// We read two bytes, to tell if this is a CIDv0 or a CIDv1.
+	v0head := buf[:2]
+	if _, err := io.ReadFull(r, v0head[:]); err != nil {
+		return 0, Undef, err
+	}
+
+	// If we have a CIDv0, read the rest of the bytes and cast the buffer.
+	if v0head[0] == mh.SHA2_256 && v0head[1] == 32 {
+		if _, err := io.ReadFull(r, buf[2:34]); err != nil {
+			return 0, Undef, err
+		}
+
+		h, err := mh.Cast(buf[:34])
+		if err != nil {
+			return 0, Undef, err
+		}
+
+		return 34, Cid{string(h)}, nil
+	}
+
+	// The varint package wants a io.ByteReader, so we must wrap our io.Reader.
+	// Note that we already read two bytes, so bufByteReader uses those first.
+	// After those two bytes, bufByteReader appends the read bytes to br.dst.
+	br := toBufByteReader(r, buf[:2])
+	vers, err := varint.ReadUvarint(br)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, Undef, err
+	}
+
+	if vers != 1 {
+		return 0, Undef, fmt.Errorf("expected 1 as the cid version number, got: %d", vers)
+	}
+
+	// CID block encoding multicodec.
+	_, err = varint.ReadUvarint(br)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, Undef, err
+	}
+
+	// TODO: we could replace all this with multihash.MHFromReader
+	mhStart := len(br.dst)
+
+	// Multihash hash function code.
+	_, err = varint.ReadUvarint(br)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, Undef, err
+	}
+
+	// Multihash digest length.
+	mhl, err := varint.ReadUvarint(br)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, Undef, err
+	}
+	_ = mhl
+
+	// Update buf's length.
+	// We're not reading single bytes beyond this point.
+	buf = br.dst
+	br = nil
+
+	// Multihash digest; might be too long, so allocate.
+	// Refuse to make large allocations to prevent OOMs due to bugs.
+	// TODO: reuse buf if it has enough space
+	const maxDigestAlloc = 32 << 20 // 32MiB
+	if mhl > maxDigestAlloc {
+		return 0, Undef, fmt.Errorf("refusing to allocate %d bytes for a digest", mhl)
+	}
+	digest := make([]byte, int(mhl))
+	if _, err := io.ReadFull(r, digest); err != nil {
+		return 0, Undef, err
+	}
+	buf = append(buf, digest...)
+
+	// This simply ensures the multihash is valid.
+	_, _, err = mh.MHFromBytes(buf[mhStart:])
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, Undef, err
+	}
+
+	return len(buf), Cid{string(buf)}, nil
+}

cid_test.go

@@ -4,10 +4,12 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
+	"io"
 	"math/rand"
 	"reflect"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
+	"testing/iotest"
 
 	mbase "github.com/multiformats/go-multibase"
 	mh "github.com/multiformats/go-multihash"
@@ -692,6 +694,31 @@ func TestReadCidsFromBuffer(t *testing.T) {
 	if cur != len(buf) {
 		t.Fatal("had trailing bytes")
 	}
+
+	// The same, but now with CidFromReader.
+	// In multiple forms, to catch more io interface bugs.
+	for _, r := range []io.Reader{
+		// implements io.ByteReader
+		bytes.NewReader(buf),
+
+		// tiny reads, no io.ByteReader
+		iotest.OneByteReader(bytes.NewReader(buf)),
+	} {
+		cur = 0
+		for _, expc := range cids {
+			n, c, err := CidFromReader(r)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			if c != expc {
+				t.Fatal("cids mismatched")
+			}
+			cur += n
+		}
+		if cur != len(buf) {
+			t.Fatal("had trailing bytes")
+		}
+	}
 }
 
 func TestBadCidFromBytes(t *testing.T) {