diff --git a/src/action/action.ts b/src/action/action.ts
index e8bbe622..3871ae2e 100644
--- a/src/action/action.ts
+++ b/src/action/action.ts
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 import { Context } from '@/enums/context.js';
 import { DiscriminatedItem } from '@/item/item.js';
 import { ItemMembership } from '@/itemMembership/itemMembership.js';
-import { Member } from '@/member/member.js';
+import { Account, Member } from '@/member/member.js';
 
 export type Action = {
   id: string;
   item?: DiscriminatedItem | null;
-  member?: Member | null;
+  account?: Account | null;
   view: Context | 'Unknown';
   type: string;
   extra: { [key: string]: unknown };
diff --git a/src/action/factory.ts b/src/action/factory.ts
index cca750c8..17d209fd 100644
--- a/src/action/factory.ts
+++ b/src/action/factory.ts
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import { faker } from '@faker-js/faker';
 export const ActionFactory = (a: Partial<Action> = {}): Action => ({
   id: faker.string.uuid(),
   // member and item default to null
-  member: null,
+  account: null,
   item: null,
   view: faker.helpers.arrayElement(Object.values(Context)),
   type: faker.lorem.word(),
diff --git a/src/app/app.ts b/src/app/app.ts
index 835234e6..3d679b1c 100644
--- a/src/app/app.ts
+++ b/src/app/app.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { Publisher } from './publisher.js';
 import { DiscriminatedItem } from '@/item/item.js';
-import { Member } from '@/member/member.js';
+import { Account, Member } from '@/member/member.js';
 import { UUID } from '@/types.js';
 
 export type AppExtra = {
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ export interface AppIdentification {
 }
 
 export type AuthTokenSubject = {
-  memberId?: Member['id'];
+  accountId?: Account['id'];
   itemId: DiscriminatedItem['id'];
   origin: string;
 } & AppIdentification; // from the graasp client/app wrapper // from the app itself
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ type Data = { [key: string]: unknown };
 export type AppAction<T extends Data = Data> = {
   id: string;
   item: DiscriminatedItem;
-  member: Member;
+  account: Account;
   type: string;
   data: T;
   createdAt: string;
@@ -48,8 +48,8 @@ export enum AppDataVisibility {
 export type AppData<T extends Data = Data> = {
   id: string;
   item: DiscriminatedItem;
-  creator: Member | null;
-  member: Member;
+  creator: Account | null;
+  account: Account;
   type: string;
   visibility: `${AppDataVisibility}` | AppDataVisibility;
   data: T;
diff --git a/src/chat/chat.ts b/src/chat/chat.ts
index 7aee6c8a..c145dc8d 100644
--- a/src/chat/chat.ts
+++ b/src/chat/chat.ts
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 import { DiscriminatedItem } from '../item/item.js';
-import { Member } from '../member/member.js';
+import { Account } from '../member/member.js';
 import { UUID } from '../types.js';
 import { MentionStatus } from './mentions.js';
 
 export type ChatMessage = {
   id: UUID;
   item: DiscriminatedItem;
-  creator: Member | null;
+  creator: Account | null;
   createdAt: string;
   updatedAt: string;
   body: string;
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ export type ChatMessage = {
 export type ExportedChatMessage = {
   id: UUID;
   chatId: UUID;
-  creator: Member | null;
+  creator: Account | null;
   creatorName: string;
   createdAt: string;
   updatedAt: string;
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ export type DeleteChatMessageParamType = {
 export type ChatMention = {
   id: UUID;
   message: ChatMessage;
-  member: Member;
+  account: Account;
   createdAt: string;
   updatedAt: string;
   status: MentionStatus;
diff --git a/src/index.ts b/src/index.ts
index 6fe5bb28..93e200c5 100644
--- a/src/index.ts
+++ b/src/index.ts
@@ -190,6 +190,7 @@ export * from './itemLike/itemLike.js';
  * Item Login
  */
 export * from './itemLogin/itemLogin.js';
+export * from './itemLogin/factory.js';
 
 /**
  * Item Memberships
diff --git a/src/itemLogin/factory.ts b/src/itemLogin/factory.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9abe0027
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/itemLogin/factory.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+import { ItemLoginSchema, ItemLoginSchemaType } from './itemLogin.js';
+import { faker } from '@faker-js/faker';
+
+export function ItemLoginSchemaFactory(
+  itemLoginSchema: Partial<ItemLoginSchema> & Pick<ItemLoginSchema, 'item'>,
+): ItemLoginSchema {
+  return {
+    id: faker.string.uuid(),
+    type: ItemLoginSchemaType.Username,
+    createdAt: faker.date.anytime().toISOString(),
+    updatedAt: faker.date.anytime().toISOString(),
+    ...itemLoginSchema,
+  };
+}
diff --git a/src/itemLogin/itemLogin.ts b/src/itemLogin/itemLogin.ts
index 5af6b8b5..c4fa00be 100644
--- a/src/itemLogin/itemLogin.ts
+++ b/src/itemLogin/itemLogin.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import { DiscriminatedItem } from '@/item/item.js';
-import { Member } from '@/member/member.js';
 import { UUID } from '@/types.js';
 
 export enum ItemLoginSchemaType {
@@ -17,12 +16,3 @@ export interface ItemLoginSchema {
   createdAt: string;
   updatedAt: string;
 }
-
-export type ItemLogin = {
-  id: UUID;
-  member: Member;
-  itemLoginSchema: ItemLoginSchema;
-  password?: string;
-  createdAt: string;
-  updatedAt: string;
-};
diff --git a/src/itemMembership/factory.ts b/src/itemMembership/factory.ts
index 908fedc6..581ee0fb 100644
--- a/src/itemMembership/factory.ts
+++ b/src/itemMembership/factory.ts
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ export const ItemMembershipFactory = (
   id: faker.string.uuid(),
   createdAt: faker.date.anytime().toISOString(),
   updatedAt: faker.date.anytime().toISOString(),
-  member: MemberFactory(im.member),
+  account: im.account ?? MemberFactory(),
   permission: faker.helpers.enumValue(PermissionLevel),
   ...im,
 });
diff --git a/src/itemMembership/itemMembership.ts b/src/itemMembership/itemMembership.ts
index 1bc28b76..345741d3 100644
--- a/src/itemMembership/itemMembership.ts
+++ b/src/itemMembership/itemMembership.ts
@@ -1,14 +1,22 @@
 import { PermissionLevel } from '@/enums/permissionLevel/permissionLevel.js';
 import { DiscriminatedItem } from '@/item/item.js';
-import { Member } from '@/member/member.js';
+import { Account, AccountType, Member } from '@/member/member.js';
 import { UUID } from '@/types.js';
 
+type AugmentedAccount =
+  | (Member & {
+      type: AccountType.Individual;
+    })
+  | (Account & {
+      type: AccountType.Guest;
+    });
+
 export interface ItemMembership {
   id: UUID;
-  member: Member;
+  account: AugmentedAccount;
   item: DiscriminatedItem;
   permission: PermissionLevel;
-  creator?: Member | null;
+  creator?: Account | null;
   createdAt: string;
   updatedAt: string;
 }
diff --git a/src/member/constants.ts b/src/member/constants.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 2a6ab557..00000000
--- a/src/member/constants.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-export const PSEUDO_USER_MAIL_REGEX = /[a-zA-Z0-9]{4}-\d{13}@graasp\.org/;
diff --git a/src/member/factory.ts b/src/member/factory.ts
index 06e47a29..4fd5b9b3 100644
--- a/src/member/factory.ts
+++ b/src/member/factory.ts
@@ -1,21 +1,44 @@
-import { CompleteMember, MemberType } from './member.js';
+import {
+  Account,
+  AccountType,
+  CompleteAccount,
+  CompleteGuest,
+  CompleteMember,
+} from './member.js';
 import { faker } from '@faker-js/faker';
 
+export function AccountFactory(account: Partial<Account> = {}): Account {
+  return { id: faker.string.uuid(), name: faker.person.fullName(), ...account };
+}
+
+function BaseAccountFactory<T extends AccountType>(
+  baseAccount: Partial<CompleteAccount> & { type: T },
+): CompleteAccount & { type: T } {
+  return {
+    ...AccountFactory(baseAccount),
+    createdAt: faker.date.anytime().toISOString(),
+    updatedAt: faker.date.anytime().toISOString(),
+    ...baseAccount,
+  };
+}
+
 export const MemberFactory = (
   m: Partial<CompleteMember> = {},
 ): CompleteMember => ({
-  id: faker.string.uuid(),
-  name: faker.person.fullName(),
   email: faker.internet.email(),
-  createdAt: faker.date.anytime().toISOString(),
-  updatedAt: faker.date.anytime().toISOString(),
   extra: faker.helpers.arrayElement([
     { lang: faker.helpers.arrayElement(['en', 'fr', 'de']) },
     {},
   ]),
-  // todo: handle other member type when useful in backend
-  type: MemberType.Individual,
   enableSaveActions: m.enableSaveActions ?? true,
   isValidated: m.isValidated ?? true,
+  ...BaseAccountFactory({ type: AccountType.Individual }),
   ...m,
 });
+
+export const GuestFactory = (
+  g: Partial<CompleteGuest> & Pick<CompleteGuest, 'itemLoginSchema'>,
+): CompleteGuest => ({
+  ...BaseAccountFactory({ type: AccountType.Guest }),
+  ...g,
+});
diff --git a/src/member/member.test.ts b/src/member/member.test.ts
index e3d415ef..c2a6fe9c 100644
--- a/src/member/member.test.ts
+++ b/src/member/member.test.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
 
-import { isPseudoMember } from './member.js';
+import { AccountType, isPseudoMember } from './member.js';
 
 describe('Member Util Tests', () => {
   beforeEach(() => {
@@ -9,16 +9,14 @@ describe('Member Util Tests', () => {
 
   describe('isPseudoMember', () => {
     it('check successfully member is pseudonymized for false values', () => {
-      const res1 = isPseudoMember({ email: 'mail' });
+      const res1 = isPseudoMember({ type: AccountType.Individual });
       expect(res1).toBeFalsy();
-      const res2 = isPseudoMember({ email: 'mail@email.org' });
+      const res2 = isPseudoMember({ type: AccountType.Group });
       expect(res2).toBeFalsy();
-      const res3 = isPseudoMember({ email: 'mail@graasp.org' });
-      expect(res3).toBeFalsy();
     });
 
     it('check successfully member is pseudonymized for true values', () => {
-      const res3 = isPseudoMember({ email: '3242-1234567890123@graasp.org' });
+      const res3 = isPseudoMember({ type: AccountType.Guest });
       expect(res3).toBeTruthy();
     });
   });
diff --git a/src/member/member.ts b/src/member/member.ts
index 0f705945..15e2d94b 100644
--- a/src/member/member.ts
+++ b/src/member/member.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-import { PSEUDO_USER_MAIL_REGEX } from './constants.js';
 import { EmailFrequency } from '@/chat/mentions.js';
+import { ItemLoginSchema } from '@/itemLogin/itemLogin.js';
 import { UUID } from '@/types.js';
 
 export type Password = string;
@@ -33,9 +33,10 @@ export type PublicProfile = {
   updatedAt: string;
 };
 
-export enum MemberType {
+export enum AccountType {
   Individual = 'individual',
   Group = 'group',
+  Guest = 'guest',
 }
 
 type MemberExtra = {
@@ -52,22 +53,39 @@ export const buildMemberExtra = (extra: Partial<MemberExtra>) => ({
   ...extra,
 });
 
-export type Member = {
+export type Account = {
   id: UUID;
   name: string;
+};
+
+export type Member = Account & {
   email: string;
 };
 
-export type CompleteMember = Member & {
-  type: `${MemberType}` | MemberType;
-  extra: MemberExtra;
-  enableSaveActions: boolean;
-  userAgreementsDate?: string;
+export type CompleteAccount = Account & {
+  type: `${AccountType}` | AccountType;
   createdAt: string;
   updatedAt: string;
   lastAuthenticatedAt?: string;
+};
+
+export type CompleteMember = CompleteAccount & {
+  type: AccountType.Individual;
+  email: string;
+  extra: MemberExtra;
+  enableSaveActions: boolean;
+  userAgreementsDate?: string;
+
   isValidated: boolean;
 };
 
-export const isPseudoMember = (member: { email: string }) =>
-  PSEUDO_USER_MAIL_REGEX.test(member.email.toLowerCase());
+export type CompleteGuest = CompleteAccount & {
+  type: AccountType.Guest;
+  itemLoginSchema: ItemLoginSchema;
+};
+
+export type CurrentAccount = CompleteMember | CompleteGuest;
+
+export function isPseudoMember(member: { type: AccountType }) {
+  return member.type === AccountType.Guest;
+}