diff --git a/Bigtable/phpunit-conformance.xml.dist b/Bigtable/phpunit-conformance.xml.dist
index 236f6e8796f4..6e6226b57497 100644
--- a/Bigtable/phpunit-conformance.xml.dist
+++ b/Bigtable/phpunit-conformance.xml.dist
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<phpunit colors="true">
+<phpunit xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" bootstrap="./tests/Unit/bootstrap.php" colors="true" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="https://schema.phpunit.de/9.3/phpunit.xsd">
   <testsuites>
     <testsuite>
       <directory>tests/Conformance</directory>
diff --git a/Bigtable/src/ResumableStream.php b/Bigtable/src/ResumableStream.php
index fb344157a4b5..fcd80d4bd881 100644
--- a/Bigtable/src/ResumableStream.php
+++ b/Bigtable/src/ResumableStream.php
@@ -79,6 +79,11 @@ class ResumableStream implements \IteratorAggregate
      */
     private $callOptions;
 
+    /**
+     * @var callable
+     */
+    private $delayFunction;
+
     /**
      * Constructs a resumable stream.
      *
@@ -116,6 +121,22 @@ public function __construct(
         $this->callOptions['retrySettings'] = [
             'retriesEnabled' => false
         ];
+
+        $this->delayFunction = function (int $attempt) {
+            // Values here are taken from the Java Bigtable client, and are
+            // different than those set by default in the readRows configuration
+            // @see https://github.com/googleapis/java-bigtable/blob/c618969216c90c42dee6ee48db81e90af4fb102b/google-cloud-bigtable/src/main/java/com/google/cloud/bigtable/data/v2/stub/EnhancedBigtableStubSettings.java#L162-L164
+            $initialDelayMillis = 10;
+            $initialDelayMultiplier = 2;
+            $maxDelayMillis = 60000;
+
+            $delayMultiplier = $initialDelayMultiplier ** $attempt;
+            $delayMs = min($initialDelayMillis * $delayMultiplier, $maxDelayMillis);
+            $actualDelayMs = mt_rand(0, $delayMs); // add jitter
+            $delay = 1000 * $actualDelayMs; // convert ms to µs
+
+            usleep((int) $delay);
+        };
     }
 
     /**
@@ -126,7 +147,8 @@ public function __construct(
      */
     public function readAll()
     {
-        $attempt = 0;
+        // Reset $currentAttempts on successful row read, but keep total attempts for the header.
+        $currentAttempt = $totalAttempt = 0;
         do {
             $ex = null;
             list($this->request, $this->callOptions) =
@@ -137,10 +159,10 @@ public function readAll()
             if ($completed !== true) {
                 // Send in "bigtable-attempt" header on retry request
                 $headers = $this->callOptions['headers'] ?? [];
-                if ($attempt > 0) {
-                    $headers['bigtable-attempt'] = [(string) $attempt];
+                if ($totalAttempt > 0) {
+                    $headers['bigtable-attempt'] = [(string) $totalAttempt];
+                    ($this->delayFunction)($currentAttempt);
                 }
-                $attempt++;
 
                 $stream = call_user_func_array(
                     [$this->gapicClient, $this->method],
@@ -150,11 +172,14 @@ public function readAll()
                 try {
                     foreach ($stream->readAll() as $item) {
                         yield $item;
+                        $currentAttempt = 0; // reset delay and attempt on successful read.
                     }
                 } catch (\Exception $ex) {
+                    $totalAttempt++;
+                    $currentAttempt++;
                 }
             }
-        } while ((!$this->retryFunction || ($this->retryFunction)($ex)) && $attempt <= $this->retries);
+        } while ((!$this->retryFunction || ($this->retryFunction)($ex)) && $currentAttempt <= $this->retries);
         if ($ex !== null) {
             throw $ex;
         }
diff --git a/Bigtable/tests/Conformance/ReadRowsTest.php b/Bigtable/tests/Conformance/ReadRowsTest.php
index 74cba5b6685b..ec448f41969d 100644
--- a/Bigtable/tests/Conformance/ReadRowsTest.php
+++ b/Bigtable/tests/Conformance/ReadRowsTest.php
@@ -20,10 +20,13 @@
 use Google\ApiCore\ServerStream;
 use Google\Cloud\Bigtable\ChunkFormatter;
 use Google\Cloud\Bigtable\Exception\BigtableDataOperationException;
+use Google\Cloud\Bigtable\V2\Client\BigtableClient;
+use Google\Cloud\Bigtable\V2\ReadRowsRequest;
 use Google\Cloud\Bigtable\V2\ReadRowsResponse;
-use Google\Cloud\Bigtable\V2\ReadRowsResponse_CellChunk;
+use Google\Cloud\Bigtable\V2\ReadRowsResponse\CellChunk;
 use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
 use Prophecy\PhpUnit\ProphecyTrait;
+use Prophecy\Argument;
 
 /**
  * @group bigtable
@@ -48,8 +51,13 @@ public function testReadRows($readRowsResponses, $expectedRows, $expectedErrorCo
         $this->serverStream->readAll()->shouldBeCalled()->willReturn(
             $this->arrayAsGenerator($readRowsResponses)
         );
+        $request = new ReadRowsRequest();
+        $client = $this->prophesize(BigtableClient::class);
+        $client->readRows($request, Argument::type('array'))
+            ->willReturn($this->serverStream->reveal());
         $chunkFormatter = new ChunkFormatter(
-            $this->serverStream->reveal()
+            $client->reveal(),
+            $request
         );
         $rows = [];
         $errorCount = 0;
@@ -73,7 +81,7 @@ public function rowsProvider()
             $responses = [];
             foreach ($test['chunks_base64'] as $chunk) {
                 $chunk = base64_decode($chunk);
-                $cellChunk = new ReadRowsResponse_CellChunk();
+                $cellChunk = new CellChunk();
                 $cellChunk->mergeFromString($chunk);
                 $response =  new ReadRowsResponse();
                 $response->setChunks([$cellChunk]);
diff --git a/Bigtable/tests/Unit/ResumableStreamTest.php b/Bigtable/tests/Unit/ResumableStreamTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..09d95f93d619
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Bigtable/tests/Unit/ResumableStreamTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+<?php
+/**
+ * Copyright 2024, Google LLC All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+namespace Google\Cloud\Bigtable\Tests\Unit;
+
+use Google\Cloud\Bigtable\ResumableStream;
+use Google\Cloud\Bigtable\V2\Client\BigtableClient;
+use Google\Cloud\Bigtable\V2\ReadRowsRequest;
+use Google\Cloud\Bigtable\V2\ReadRowsResponse;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
+use Prophecy\PhpUnit\ProphecyTrait;
+use Prophecy\Argument;
+use Google\ApiCore\ServerStream;
+
+/**
+ * @group bigtable
+ * @group bigtabledata
+ */
+class ResumableStreamTest extends TestCase
+{
+    use ProphecyTrait;
+
+    const RETRYABLE_CODE = 1234;
+
+    public function testRetryDelayAndAttemptAreResetWhenRowReceived()
+    {
+        if (extension_loaded('protobuf')) {
+            $this->markTestSkipped('This test is not compatible with the protobuf extension');
+        }
+
+        $count = 0;
+        $stream = $this->prophesize(ServerStream::class);
+        $generator1 = function () {
+            yield new ReadRowsResponse();
+            throw new \Exception('This is the 3rd retryable', self::RETRYABLE_CODE);
+        };
+        $generator2 = fn () => yield new ReadRowsResponse();
+        $stream->readAll()
+            ->will(function () use (&$count, $generator1, $generator2) {
+                // Simlate a call to readRows where the server throws 2 exceptions, reads a row
+                // successfuly, throws another exception, and reads one more row successfully.
+                return match ($count++) {
+                    0 => throw new \Exception('This is the 1st retryable', self::RETRYABLE_CODE),
+                    1 => throw new \Exception('This is the 2nd retryable', self::RETRYABLE_CODE),
+                    2 => $generator1(),
+                    3 => throw new \Exception(
+                        'The 4th exception should retry because attempts reset',
+                        self::RETRYABLE_CODE
+                    ),
+                    4 => $generator2(),
+                };
+            });
+        $bigtable = $this->prophesize(BigtableClient::class);
+        $bigtable->readRows(Argument::type(ReadRowsRequest::class), Argument::type('array'))
+            ->shouldBeCalledTimes(5)
+            ->willReturn($stream->reveal());
+        $resumableStream = new ResumableStream(
+            $bigtable->reveal(),
+            'readRows',
+            $this->prophesize(ReadRowsRequest::class)->reveal(),
+            fn ($request, $callOptions) => [$request, $callOptions],
+            fn ($exception) => $exception && $exception->getCode() === self::RETRYABLE_CODE
+        );
+
+        $retries = 0;
+        $delayFunction = function ($delayFactor) use (&$retries) {
+            $this->assertEquals(match (++$retries) {
+                1 => 1, // initial delay
+                2 => 2, // increment by 1
+                3 => 1, // the delay is reset by the successful call
+                4 => 2, // increment by 1
+            }, $delayFactor);
+        };
+        $prop = (new \ReflectionObject($resumableStream))->getProperty('delayFunction');
+        $prop->setAccessible(true);
+        $prop->setValue($resumableStream, $delayFunction);
+
+        $rows = iterator_to_array($resumableStream->readAll());
+        $this->assertEquals(2, count($rows));
+        $this->assertEquals(4, $retries);
+    }
+
+    public function testThreeConsecutiveFailuresIsNotReset()
+    {
+        if (extension_loaded('protobuf')) {
+            $this->markTestSkipped('This test is not compatible with the protobuf extension');
+        }
+
+        $this->expectException(\Exception::class);
+        $this->expectExceptionMessage('This is retryable, but we are at our limit!');
+
+        $count = 0;
+        $stream = $this->prophesize(ServerStream::class);
+        $stream->readAll()
+            ->will(function () use (&$count) {
+                // Simlate a call to readRows where the server throws 2 exceptions, reads a row
+                // successfuly, throws another exception, and reads one more row successfully.
+                return match ($count++) {
+                    0 => throw new \Exception('This is retryable!', self::RETRYABLE_CODE),
+                    1 => throw new \Exception('This is also retryable!', self::RETRYABLE_CODE),
+                    2 => throw new \Exception('This is too is retryable!', self::RETRYABLE_CODE),
+                    3 => throw new \Exception('This is retryable, but we are at our limit!', self::RETRYABLE_CODE),
+                    4 => throw new \Exception('This is not retryable and should not be thrown'),
+                };
+            });
+        $bigtable = $this->prophesize(BigtableClient::class);
+        $bigtable->readRows(Argument::type(ReadRowsRequest::class), Argument::type('array'))
+            ->shouldBeCalledTimes(4)
+            ->willReturn($stream->reveal());
+        $resumableStream = new ResumableStream(
+            $bigtable->reveal(),
+            'readRows',
+            $this->prophesize(ReadRowsRequest::class)->reveal(),
+            fn ($request, $callOptions) => [$request, $callOptions],
+            fn ($exception) => $exception && $exception->getCode() === self::RETRYABLE_CODE
+        );
+
+        iterator_to_array($resumableStream->readAll());
+    }
+}