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github_flow.html
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.jAfsTr{width:100%;background:#f5f5f5;} .jAfsTr .book-wrapper{width:100%;max-width:1000px;padding:40px 16px 60px;margin:0 auto;background:#fff;} .jAfsTr blockquote{background-color:#fcf8e3;border-color:#faebcc;color:#8a6d3b;padding:15px 30px;margin:0;margin-bottom:20px;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0);border-radius:4px;} .jAfsTr blockquote h4{text-align:center;margin:0;} .jAfsTr .contents-wrapper{background:#f5f5f5;padding:30px 0;} .jAfsTr .chapter-contents{width:100%;max-width:800px;margin:0 auto;font-family:'ProximaNova','Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:300;-webkit-letter-spacing:0.3px;-moz-letter-spacing:0.3px;-ms-letter-spacing:0.3px;letter-spacing:0.3px;line-height:36px;font-size:16px;} .jAfsTr .chapter-contents h1{font-family:'Crete Round',Georgia,Times New Roman,serif;font-size:24px;color:#e5533c;margin-top:0;text-align:center;} .jAfsTr .chapter-contents h2{font-family:'Crete Round',Georgia,Times New Roman,serif;font-size:18px;color:#14877e;} .jAfsTr .chapter-contents a{color:#14877e;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px dotted #1bbfb1;} .jAfsTr .book-wrapper img{display:block;max-width:700px;margin:20px auto;width:100%;} .jAfsTr .book-wrapper img[alt='certificates']{display:block;width:291px;} .jAfsTr:not(pre) > code[class*='language-'],.jAfsTr pre{background:#f5f5f5;} .jAfsTr pre{padding:1em;margin:0.5em 0;overflow:auto;} .jAfsTr code[class*='language-'],.jAfsTr pre{color:#000;text-shadow:0 1px #fff;font-size:14px;direction:ltr;text-align:left;white-space:pre;word-spacing:normal;word-break:normal;line-height:26px;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-hyphens:none;-moz-hyphens:none;-ms-hyphens:none;-webkit-hyphens:none;-moz-hyphens:none;-ms-hyphens:none;hyphens:none;} .jAfsTr .chapter-contents pre{color:#767676;border:1px solid #dcdcdc;-webkit-border-radius:5px;-moz-border-radius:5px;border-radius:5px;white-space:pre-wrap;white-space:-moz-pre-wrap;white-space:-pre-wrap;white-space:-o-pre-wrap;word-wrap:break-word;} .jAfsTr .chapter-contents p > code,.jAfsTr .chapter-contents ul > code,.jAfsTr .chapter-contents ol > code,.jAfsTr .chapter-contents li > code{padding-right:4px;padding-left:4px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;background-color:#f5f5f5;color:#14877e;border-radius:4px;font-size:15px;}</style><title data-react-helmet="true">团队协作流程</title><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/webpack-runtime-6d5d43391d798a08cb1d.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/framework-d585a04b7d285a7760d6.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/app-53297de6fe45b94e19e4.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/styles-e9d24b1846c7d6eb9685.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/commons-3feee98700f3ba0cdb22.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/component---src-templates-blog-post-js-795d606d338983cb4fc4.js"/><link as="fetch" rel="preload" href="/page-data/github_flow.html/page-data.json" crossorigin="anonymous"/><link as="fetch" rel="preload" href="/page-data/app-data.json" crossorigin="anonymous"/></head><body><noscript id="gatsby-noscript">This app works best with JavaScript enabled.</noscript><div id="___gatsby"><div style="outline:none" tabindex="-1" id="gatsby-focus-wrapper"><div class="Layout__Wrap-sc-74hz2d-0 gyphcv"><div class="Header__Wrap-sc-75xirx-0 gNLVAN"><h2 class="Header-sc-75xirx-1 gOrJcT"><a href="/">Git 北京</a></h2><form class="DocSearch__Form-sc-qvs5fz-0 jVGkyu"><input type="search" id="algolia-doc-search" placeholder="Search docs" class="DocSearch__Input-sc-qvs5fz-1 hawBpy"/></form></div><div class="blog-post__Wrap-sc-1e41lke-1 jAfsTr"><div class="book-wrapper"><div class="blog-post__Title-sc-1e41lke-0 kTQsnG">团队协作流程</div><div class="chapter-contents"><br/><div><p>前几天还都是一个开发者唱独角戏。但是尽管如此也可以看出 git 带来的便利了，比如代码写错了可以回滚，为了新功能开发可以开新分支等等。但是 git 和 github 更大的威力在于协作，所以今天来聊团队协作流程。</p>
<p>聊了这么多天的 github，有必要稍微停下来，再想想究竟什么是 github 。没错，前面的使用中也看到了，github 是 git 仓库的托管平台，让我们的项目仓库可以方便的备份同步。但是其实也许比这个还要重要的是，github 是一个大家一起协作做项目的平台，是一种开发者的工作方式，引导一种看着不像流程但是却真正健康轻便的开发流程。</p>
<p>在 <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qyz3jkOBbQY">How Github Use Github To Build Github</a> 的演讲中，Zach Holman 说，</p>
<blockquote>
<p>多年来我一直在寻找做软件正确的方式，现在我想我找到了，github 就是这种方式。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Github 多年来总结出来一套自己的团队协作流程，简单而且强大，叫做 <a href="https://guides.github.com/introduction/flow/index.html">Github Flow</a> ，网站上的各个功能都是围绕着这个流程来开发的。</p>
<p>要了解一个流程，没有什么比跑一个最简单的实际例子更好的方式了，官方给出的 <a href="https://guides.github.com/activities/hello-world/">Hello World</a> 就是服务于这个目的，不过这个 Hello World 用的是纯粹的网页来实现整个流程。咱们今天用网页配合 Github For Mac 客户端来完成这个流程。</p>
<h2 id="什么是-github-flow-" style="position:relative;"><a href="#%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF-github-flow-" aria-label="什么是 github flow permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>什么是 Github Flow ？</h2>
<p>来理解一下什么是 Github Flow 。说白了，就是给一个项目开发新功能要走的几步。整个过程的核心是“拉取请求” 。</p>
<p>第一步，创建新分支，用来开发这个新功能。如下图所示</p>
<p><img src="https://happypeter.github.io/images/2019031601.jpg"></p>
<p>第二步，不断实现功能，做成一个个新版本。</p>
<p><img src="https://happypeter.github.io/images/2019031602.jpg"></p>
<p>第三步，发起”拉取请求“（ Pull Request ），后面简称 PR 吧。</p>
<p><img src="https://happypeter.github.io/images/2019031603.jpg"></p>
<p>第四步，大家讨论。这是一个代码审核的过程。</p>
<p><img src="https://happypeter.github.io/images/2019031604.jpg"></p>
<p>第五步，部署代码。</p>
<p><img src="https://happypeter.github.io/images/2019031604.jpg"></p>
<p>第六步，把分支的内容合并到 master 。</p>
<p><img src="https://happypeter.github.io/images/2019031606.jpg"></p>
<p>这就是整个 Github Flow 的几个步骤了。</p>
<h2 id="给队友添加写权限" style="position:relative;"><a href="#%E7%BB%99%E9%98%9F%E5%8F%8B%E6%B7%BB%E5%8A%A0%E5%86%99%E6%9D%83%E9%99%90" aria-label="给队友添加写权限 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>给队友添加写权限</h2>
<p>接下来跑一个实际的例子。首先一步是给队友添加写权限，注意这里的讨论的是团队共同开发自己公司的项目，对于开源项目，是不必给贡献者添加写权限的，后续小节中会有专门介绍。</p>
<p>现在我和 @billi66 要合作开发一个新项目。于是我就来创建这个项目，过程在<a href="github_in_browser">浏览器中使用 Github</a>中已经介绍过了。下面就继续在 GUI 这个项目上做演示。</p>
<p>现在我要把 @billi66 添加进来，让她也具有项目的修改权限了。如何来做呢？把她添加成项目的“协作者”（ collaborator ） 就行了。 </p>
<p>首先到项目页面，点击 Settings 一项，可以看到 collaborators 选项，输入框中输入 <code>bi</code> 就可以自动补齐出 <code>billie66</code> 了</p>
<p><img src="https://happypeter.github.io/images/2019031607.jpg"></p>
<p>回车选中，然后点 <code>Add collaborator</code> 按钮，这样就完成了。</p>
<h2 id="开话题分支并在上面开发" style="position:relative;"><a href="#%E5%BC%80%E8%AF%9D%E9%A2%98%E5%88%86%E6%94%AF%E5%B9%B6%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%8A%E9%9D%A2%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91" aria-label="开话题分支并在上面开发 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>开话题分支并在上面开发</h2>
<p>现在我和 @billie66 都对项目有写权限，对于非常有把握的代码，可以直接在本地 master 开发然后 Push 到远端 master 分支上面。但是如果是比较重要的功能，还是要发单独开”话题分支“（ Topic Branch ），这是后面发 PR 的前提。</p>
<p>尽管所有的流程操作都可以在<a href="https://github.com/blog/1557-github-flow-in-the-browser">浏览器中完成</a>。但是更为常见的情形是我和 @billie 会把代码 clone 到本地来进行新功能的开发，因为这样可以使用自己的编辑器以及测试工具。</p>
<p>现在我要对项目开发一个很大很大的功能，所以就先来开一个分支叫做 <code>describe-project</code> 。名字是越清楚越好的，这样队友比较能一眼看出我在干什么。注意开新分支一定要在刚刚更新过的 master 的基础上开。开好之后把这个分支发布到远端，以后这个分支上每次实现一点小功能就 push 到远端，这样的好处是队友可以随时看到我的进展。这部分的操作前面<a href="github_for_mac.html">客户端使用</a>中都介绍了。</p>
<p>这样我做了两个版本，而且都同步到远端仓库了。所以到 <code>describe-project</code> 分支的历史上可以看到多了下面两个新 commit 。然后就可以到项目主页，选中 <code>describe-project</code> 分支，来给 master 分支发 Pull Request 了。具体过程之前我们已经介绍过了，这里不再重复。</p>
<h2 id="讨论审核代码" style="position:relative;"><a href="#%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E5%AE%A1%E6%A0%B8%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81" aria-label="讨论审核代码 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>讨论审核代码</h2>
<p>这样，master 的维护者就可以就这个 Pull Request 来进行讨论和代码审核了。不一定是一个老大审核小弟们的代码，可以是队友之间的互相审核。</p>
<p>@billie66 看到这个 PR 之后，就会发表她的意见了。如果我看到之后觉得有道理，代码需要调整，那我现在是不是要撤销这 PR 重新发呢？不用。我只需要继续在 <code>describe-project</code> 分支上改代码然后再同步上来。</p>
<p><img src="https://happypeter.github.io/images/2019031608.jpg"></p>
<p>Pull Request 讨论不断继续，会形成一条由评论和代码穿插而成的线。最后达成一致，我或者 @billie 其中之一可以点一下上面的大大的 <code>Merge Pull Request</code> （ 融合拉取请求 ）的按钮，这样话题分支上的代码就合并到 master 之上了。接下来 <code>describe-project</code> 这个话题分支也就可以删掉，然后关闭这个 PR 了。</p>
<h2 id="快速-pr" style="position:relative;"><a href="#%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F-pr" aria-label="快速 pr permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>快速 PR</h2>
<p>走一遍 Github Flow 方式并不唯一。前面讨论的，在自己的机器上改代码，用客户端作 commit，然后在网页上发 PR 是一种常见的方式。如果我只是改一个文件中的一个小地方，完全可以使用 github 网页功能提供的<a href="https://github.com/blog/1945-quick-pull-requests">快速 PR</a>这种方法。来演示一下。</p>
<p>网页界面中，找到我要修改的文件，点击 <code>edit</code>，修改一下文件内容，然后在下面的界面中，可以直接填写一个 Topic 分支名，创建这个分支，并 commit 到这个分支上发 PR 了。</p>
<p><img src="https://happypeter.github.io/images/2019031609.jpg"></p>
<p>如果只是一个小改动，即使是对于老手，切换到编辑器和客户端，跑一遍整个 PR 的流程，也会觉得挺麻烦的。快速 PR 方法真的是非常方便。</p>
<h2 id="总结" style="position:relative;"><a href="#%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93" aria-label="总结 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>总结</h2>
<p>其实，每一个打开的 PR 都很类似于后面我们要讲的 Issue （ 事务卡片 )，比如二者都可以用 Markdown 格式来写评论。这些技巧会在 Issue 相关的那一部分来介绍。</p></div></div></div></div><footer class="Footer-sc-4dc8xa-0 etjCag"><nav><p>有任何问题请联系<a href="https://github.com/happypeter"> happypeter</a> ： [email protected] <br/> 所有内容基于<!-- --> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">允许商用保留署名的 CC 协议</a> <!-- -->发布</p></nav></footer></div></div><div id="gatsby-announcer" style="position:absolute;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;border:0" aria-live="assertive" aria-atomic="true"></div></div><script id="gatsby-script-loader">/*<![CDATA[*/window.pagePath="/github_flow.html";/*]]>*/</script><script id="gatsby-chunk-mapping">/*<![CDATA[*/window.___chunkMapping={"polyfill":["/polyfill-79abd7c50267fa169289.js"],"app":["/app-53297de6fe45b94e19e4.js"],"component---src-pages-index-js":["/component---src-pages-index-js-99193552b849bd929f2a.js"],"component---src-templates-blog-post-js":["/component---src-templates-blog-post-js-795d606d338983cb4fc4.js"]};/*]]>*/</script><script src="/polyfill-79abd7c50267fa169289.js" nomodule=""></script><script src="/component---src-templates-blog-post-js-795d606d338983cb4fc4.js" async=""></script><script src="/commons-3feee98700f3ba0cdb22.js" async=""></script><script src="/styles-e9d24b1846c7d6eb9685.js" async=""></script><script src="/app-53297de6fe45b94e19e4.js" async=""></script><script src="/framework-d585a04b7d285a7760d6.js" async=""></script><script src="/webpack-runtime-6d5d43391d798a08cb1d.js" async=""></script><script src="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/docsearch.js@2/dist/cdn/docsearch.min.js"></script></body></html>