test(e2e): Add cloudflare workers e2e test

[AbhiPrasad]

ref #12620

Adds a basic e2e test for cloudflare workers that installs the SDK, builds the worker, and validates deploying a worker to cloudflare

This PR previously added a build step in CI that validates deploying the worker to cloudflare, but there seems to be some API permissions issues. For now not including that in the PR, but will come back to address it later on.

[github-actions]

size-limit report 📦

Path	Size
@sentry/browser	22.45 KB (0%)
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing)	34.22 KB (0%)
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay)	70.28 KB (+0.04% 🔺)
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay) - with treeshaking flags	63.62 KB (+0.04% 🔺)
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay with Canvas)	74.68 KB (+0.04% 🔺)
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay, Feedback)	87.26 KB (+0.04% 🔺)
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay, Feedback, metrics)	89.11 KB (+0.03% 🔺)
@sentry/browser (incl. metrics)	26.75 KB (0%)
@sentry/browser (incl. Feedback)	39.37 KB (0%)
@sentry/browser (incl. sendFeedback)	27.06 KB (0%)
@sentry/browser (incl. FeedbackAsync)	31.7 KB (0%)
@sentry/react	25.22 KB (0%)
@sentry/react (incl. Tracing)	37.22 KB (0%)
@sentry/vue	26.6 KB (0%)
@sentry/vue (incl. Tracing)	36.06 KB (0%)
@sentry/svelte	22.58 KB (0%)
CDN Bundle	23.64 KB (0%)
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing)	35.88 KB (0%)
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay)	70.31 KB (+0.07% 🔺)
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay, Feedback)	75.57 KB (+0.06% 🔺)
CDN Bundle - uncompressed	69.37 KB (0%)
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing) - uncompressed	106.31 KB (0%)
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay) - uncompressed	218.16 KB (+0.1% 🔺)
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay, Feedback) - uncompressed	230.99 KB (+0.09% 🔺)
@sentry/nextjs (client)	37.08 KB (0%)
@sentry/sveltekit (client)	34.81 KB (0%)
@sentry/node	114.55 KB (0%)
@sentry/node - without tracing	89.33 KB (-0.01% 🔽)
@sentry/aws-serverless	98.5 KB (0%)