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Error with reprojecting code with latest version of terra and PROJ 8.0.1 #648

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Robinlovelace opened this issue Sep 25, 2021 · 13 comments
Closed

Error with reprojecting code with latest version of terra and PROJ 8.0.1 #648

Robinlovelace opened this issue Sep 25, 2021 · 13 comments
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binder Issues found at https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/robinlovelace/geocompr/main?urlpath=rstudio bug help wanted

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@Robinlovelace
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Robinlovelace commented Sep 25, 2021 •
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I think this may be an issue with terra/PROJ versions but reporting here as it affects the book, at least when it builds in the Binder environment.

Reproducible example:

remotes::install_github("rspatial/terra")
library(terra)
library(spData)
sf::sf_extSoftVersion()
cat_raster = rast(system.file("raster/nlcd.tif", package = "spDataLarge"))
crs(cat_raster)
cat_raster_wgs84 = project(cat_raster, "EPSG:4326", method = "near")

Result on computer with a recent version of PROJ:

remotes::install_github("rspatial/terra")
#> Skipping install of 'terra' from a github remote, the SHA1 (9cb87338) has not changed since last install.
#>   Use `force = TRUE` to force installation
library(terra)
#> terra version 1.4.3
library(spData)
sf::sf_extSoftVersion()
#>           GEOS           GDAL         proj.4 GDAL_with_GEOS     USE_PROJ_H 
#>        "3.9.1"        "3.3.2"        "8.0.1"         "true"         "true" 
#>           PROJ 
#>        "8.0.1"
cat_raster = rast(system.file("raster/nlcd.tif", package = "spDataLarge"))
crs(cat_raster)
#> [1] "PROJCRS[\"NAD83 / UTM zone 12N\",\n    BASEGEOGCRS[\"NAD83\",\n        DATUM[\"North American Datum 1983\",\n            ELLIPSOID[\"GRS 1980\",6378137,298.257222101,\n                LENGTHUNIT[\"metre\",1]]],\n        PRIMEM[\"Greenwich\",0,\n            ANGLEUNIT[\"degree\",0.0174532925199433]],\n        ID[\"EPSG\",4269]],\n    CONVERSION[\"UTM zone 12N\",\n        METHOD[\"Transverse Mercator\",\n            ID[\"EPSG\",9807]],\n        PARAMETER[\"Latitude of natural origin\",0,\n            ANGLEUNIT[\"degree\",0.0174532925199433],\n            ID[\"EPSG\",8801]],\n        PARAMETER[\"Longitude of natural origin\",-111,\n            ANGLEUNIT[\"degree\",0.0174532925199433],\n            ID[\"EPSG\",8802]],\n        PARAMETER[\"Scale factor at natural origin\",0.9996,\n            SCALEUNIT[\"unity\",1],\n            ID[\"EPSG\",8805]],\n        PARAMETER[\"False easting\",500000,\n            LENGTHUNIT[\"metre\",1],\n            ID[\"EPSG\",8806]],\n        PARAMETER[\"False northing\",0,\n            LENGTHUNIT[\"metre\",1],\n            ID[\"EPSG\",8807]]],\n    CS[Cartesian,2],\n        AXIS[\"(E)\",east,\n            ORDER[1],\n            LENGTHUNIT[\"metre\",1]],\n        AXIS[\"(N)\",north,\n            ORDER[2],\n            LENGTHUNIT[\"metre\",1]],\n    USAGE[\n        SCOPE[\"Engineering survey, topographic mapping.\"],\n        AREA[\"North America - between 114°W and 108°W - onshore and offshore. Canada - Alberta; Northwest Territories; Nunavut; Saskatchewan. United States (USA) - Arizona; Colorado; Idaho; Montana; New Mexico; Utah; Wyoming.\"],\n        BBOX[31.332603454538,-114,84,-108]],\n    ID[\"EPSG\",26912]]"
cat_raster_wgs84 = project(cat_raster, "EPSG:4326", method = "near")
#> Warning in x@ptr$warp(SpatRaster$new(), y, method, mask, opt): GDAL Error 1:
#> PROJ: Unrecognized horizontal grid format
#> Warning in x@ptr$warp(SpatRaster$new(), y, method, mask, opt): GDAL Error 1:
#> PROJ: hgridshift: could not find required grid(s).
#> Warning in x@ptr$warp(SpatRaster$new(), y, method, mask, opt): GDAL Error 1:
#> PROJ: pipeline: Pipeline: Bad step definition: proj=hgridshift (File not found
#> or invalid)
#> Warning in x@ptr$warp(SpatRaster$new(), y, method, mask, opt): GDAL Error 1:
#> PROJ: Unrecognized horizontal grid format
#> Warning in x@ptr$warp(SpatRaster$new(), y, method, mask, opt): GDAL Error 1:
#> PROJ: hgridshift: could not find required grid(s).
#> Warning in x@ptr$warp(SpatRaster$new(), y, method, mask, opt): GDAL Error 1:
#> PROJ: pipeline: Pipeline: Bad step definition: proj=hgridshift (File not found
#> or invalid)
#> Warning in x@ptr$warp(SpatRaster$new(), y, method, mask, opt): GDAL Error 1:
#> Too many points (484 out of 484) failed to transform, unable to compute output
#> bounds.
#> Error: [project] cannot create warp output

Created on 2021-09-25 by the reprex package (v2.0.1)

Note, this error message does not appear on older versions of PROJ.

remotes::install_github("rspatial/terra")
#> Using github PAT from envvar GITHUB_PAT
#> Skipping install of 'terra' from a github remote, the SHA1 (9cb87338) has not changed since last install.
#>   Use `force = TRUE` to force installation
library(terra)
#> terra version 1.4.3
library(spData)
sf::sf_extSoftVersion()
#>           GEOS           GDAL         proj.4 GDAL_with_GEOS     USE_PROJ_H 
#>        "3.9.0"        "3.2.1"        "7.2.1"         "true"         "true" 
#>           PROJ 
#>        "7.2.1"
cat_raster = rast(system.file("raster/nlcd.tif", package = "spDataLarge"))
crs(cat_raster)
#> [1] "PROJCRS[\"NAD83 / UTM zone 12N\",\n    BASEGEOGCRS[\"NAD83\",\n        DATUM[\"North American Datum 1983\",\n            ELLIPSOID[\"GRS 1980\",6378137,298.257222101,\n                LENGTHUNIT[\"metre\",1]]],\n        PRIMEM[\"Greenwich\",0,\n            ANGLEUNIT[\"degree\",0.0174532925199433]],\n        ID[\"EPSG\",4269]],\n    CONVERSION[\"UTM zone 12N\",\n        METHOD[\"Transverse Mercator\",\n            ID[\"EPSG\",9807]],\n        PARAMETER[\"Latitude of natural origin\",0,\n            ANGLEUNIT[\"degree\",0.0174532925199433],\n            ID[\"EPSG\",8801]],\n        PARAMETER[\"Longitude of natural origin\",-111,\n            ANGLEUNIT[\"degree\",0.0174532925199433],\n            ID[\"EPSG\",8802]],\n        PARAMETER[\"Scale factor at natural origin\",0.9996,\n            SCALEUNIT[\"unity\",1],\n            ID[\"EPSG\",8805]],\n        PARAMETER[\"False easting\",500000,\n            LENGTHUNIT[\"metre\",1],\n            ID[\"EPSG\",8806]],\n        PARAMETER[\"False northing\",0,\n            LENGTHUNIT[\"metre\",1],\n            ID[\"EPSG\",8807]]],\n    CS[Cartesian,2],\n        AXIS[\"(E)\",east,\n            ORDER[1],\n            LENGTHUNIT[\"metre\",1]],\n        AXIS[\"(N)\",north,\n            ORDER[2],\n            LENGTHUNIT[\"metre\",1]],\n    USAGE[\n        SCOPE[\"Engineering survey, topographic mapping.\"],\n        AREA[\"North America - between 114°W and 108°W - onshore and offshore. Canada - Alberta; Northwest Territories; Nunavut; Saskatchewan.  United States (USA) - Arizona; Colorado; Idaho; Montana; New Mexico; Utah; Wyoming.\"],\n        BBOX[31.33,-114,84,-108]],\n    ID[\"EPSG\",26912]]"
cat_raster_wgs84 = project(cat_raster, "EPSG:4326", method = "near")

Created on 2021-09-25 by the reprex package (v2.0.1)
@Robinlovelace Robinlovelace added binder Issues found at https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/robinlovelace/geocompr/main?urlpath=rstudio bug help wanted labels Sep 25, 2021
@mdsumner
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Does it work if sf is also installed? If it's Linux then that will sort out the pro files thing, or sf might have same problem

@Nowosad
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Nowosad commented Sep 26, 2021

I do not have this problem on slightly newer proj (and older gdal):

library(terra)
#> terra version 1.4.3
library(spData)
sf::sf_extSoftVersion()
#>           GEOS           GDAL         proj.4 GDAL_with_GEOS     USE_PROJ_H 
#>        "3.9.1"        "3.3.1"        "8.1.0"         "true"         "true" 
#>           PROJ 
#>        "8.1.0"
cat_raster = rast(system.file("raster/nlcd.tif", package = "spDataLarge"))
crs(cat_raster)
#> [1] "PROJCRS[\"NAD83 / UTM zone 12N\",\n    BASEGEOGCRS[\"NAD83\",\n        DATUM[\"North American Datum 1983\",\n            ELLIPSOID[\"GRS 1980\",6378137,298.257222101,\n                LENGTHUNIT[\"metre\",1]]],\n        PRIMEM[\"Greenwich\",0,\n            ANGLEUNIT[\"degree\",0.0174532925199433]],\n        ID[\"EPSG\",4269]],\n    CONVERSION[\"UTM zone 12N\",\n        METHOD[\"Transverse Mercator\",\n            ID[\"EPSG\",9807]],\n        PARAMETER[\"Latitude of natural origin\",0,\n            ANGLEUNIT[\"degree\",0.0174532925199433],\n            ID[\"EPSG\",8801]],\n        PARAMETER[\"Longitude of natural origin\",-111,\n            ANGLEUNIT[\"degree\",0.0174532925199433],\n            ID[\"EPSG\",8802]],\n        PARAMETER[\"Scale factor at natural origin\",0.9996,\n            SCALEUNIT[\"unity\",1],\n            ID[\"EPSG\",8805]],\n        PARAMETER[\"False easting\",500000,\n            LENGTHUNIT[\"metre\",1],\n            ID[\"EPSG\",8806]],\n        PARAMETER[\"False northing\",0,\n            LENGTHUNIT[\"metre\",1],\n            ID[\"EPSG\",8807]]],\n    CS[Cartesian,2],\n        AXIS[\"(E)\",east,\n            ORDER[1],\n            LENGTHUNIT[\"metre\",1]],\n        AXIS[\"(N)\",north,\n            ORDER[2],\n            LENGTHUNIT[\"metre\",1]],\n    USAGE[\n        SCOPE[\"Engineering survey, topographic mapping.\"],\n        AREA[\"North America - between 114°W and 108°W - onshore and offshore. Canada - Alberta; Northwest Territories; Nunavut; Saskatchewan. United States (USA) - Arizona; Colorado; Idaho; Montana; New Mexico; Utah; Wyoming.\"],\n        BBOX[31.33,-114,84,-108]],\n    ID[\"EPSG\",26912]]"
cat_raster_wgs84 = project(cat_raster, "EPSG:4326", method = "near")

Created on 2021-09-26 by the reprex package (v2.0.1)

@Robinlovelace
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Good to see the problem is not there on new PROJ, thanks for testing Jakub...

@Robinlovelace
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Does it work if sf is also installed? If it's Linux then that will sort out the pro files thing, or sf might have same problem

Good question. Contrary to my expectation, the CRS transformation worked for an sf and stars representations of the object, but with warnings:

remotes::install_github("rspatial/terra")
library(terra)
library(spData)
sf::sf_extSoftVersion()
cat_raster = rast(system.file("raster/nlcd.tif", package = "spDataLarge"))
cat_stars = stars::read_stars(system.file("raster/nlcd.tif", package = "spDataLarge"))
sf::st_crs(cat_stars)
cat_stars_4326 = sf::st_transform(cat_stars, 4326) # warnings
cat_sf = sf::st_as_sf(cat_stars)
plot(cat_sf[1:5, ]) # works
cat_sf_4326 = sf::st_transform(cat_sf[1:9, ], 4326) # warnings
mapview::mapview(cat_sf_4326)

@Robinlovelace
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Robinlovelace commented Sep 26, 2021 •
edited
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Warnings from transforming the stars object:

> cat_stars_4326 = sf::st_transform(cat_stars, 4326)
Unrecognized horizontal grid format
hgridshift: could not find required grid(s).
pipeline: Pipeline: Bad step definition: proj=hgridshift (File not found or invalid)

@Robinlovelace
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Any ideas how get the required file or make that warning go away?

@Robinlovelace
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Full reprex below.

remotes::install_github("rspatial/terra")
#> Skipping install of 'terra' from a github remote, the SHA1 (9cb87338) has not changed since last install.
#>   Use `force = TRUE` to force installation
library(terra)
#> terra version 1.4.3
library(spData)
sf::sf_extSoftVersion()
#>           GEOS           GDAL         proj.4 GDAL_with_GEOS     USE_PROJ_H 
#>        "3.9.1"        "3.3.2"        "8.0.1"         "true"         "true" 
#>           PROJ 
#>        "8.0.1"
cat_raster = rast(system.file("raster/nlcd.tif", package = "spDataLarge"))
cat_stars = stars::read_stars(system.file("raster/nlcd.tif", package = "spDataLarge"))
sf::st_crs(cat_stars)
#> Coordinate Reference System:
#>   User input: NAD83 / UTM zone 12N 
#>   wkt:
#> PROJCRS["NAD83 / UTM zone 12N",
#>     BASEGEOGCRS["NAD83",
#>         DATUM["North American Datum 1983",
#>             ELLIPSOID["GRS 1980",6378137,298.257222101,
#>                 LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]]],
#>         PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,
#>             ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
#>         ID["EPSG",4269]],
#>     CONVERSION["UTM zone 12N",
#>         METHOD["Transverse Mercator",
#>             ID["EPSG",9807]],
#>         PARAMETER["Latitude of natural origin",0,
#>             ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],
#>             ID["EPSG",8801]],
#>         PARAMETER["Longitude of natural origin",-111,
#>             ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],
#>             ID["EPSG",8802]],
#>         PARAMETER["Scale factor at natural origin",0.9996,
#>             SCALEUNIT["unity",1],
#>             ID["EPSG",8805]],
#>         PARAMETER["False easting",500000,
#>             LENGTHUNIT["metre",1],
#>             ID["EPSG",8806]],
#>         PARAMETER["False northing",0,
#>             LENGTHUNIT["metre",1],
#>             ID["EPSG",8807]]],
#>     CS[Cartesian,2],
#>         AXIS["(E)",east,
#>             ORDER[1],
#>             LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]],
#>         AXIS["(N)",north,
#>             ORDER[2],
#>             LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]],
#>     USAGE[
#>         SCOPE["Engineering survey, topographic mapping."],
#>         AREA["North America - between 114°W and 108°W - onshore and offshore. Canada - Alberta; Northwest Territories; Nunavut; Saskatchewan. United States (USA) - Arizona; Colorado; Idaho; Montana; New Mexico; Utah; Wyoming."],
#>         BBOX[31.332603454538,-114,84,-108]],
#>     ID["EPSG",26912]]
cat_stars_4326 = sf::st_transform(cat_stars, 4326) 
cat_sf = sf::st_as_sf(cat_stars)
# plot(cat_sf[1:5, ]) # works
cat_sf_4326 = sf::st_transform(cat_sf[1:9, ], 4326)
#> Warning in CPL_transform(x, crs, aoi, pipeline, reverse, desired_accuracy, :
#> GDAL Error 1: PROJ: Unrecognized horizontal grid format
#> Warning in CPL_transform(x, crs, aoi, pipeline, reverse, desired_accuracy, :
#> GDAL Error 1: PROJ: hgridshift: could not find required grid(s).
#> Warning in CPL_transform(x, crs, aoi, pipeline, reverse, desired_accuracy, :
#> GDAL Error 1: PROJ: pipeline: Pipeline: Bad step definition: proj=hgridshift
#> (File not found or invalid)
#> Warning in CPL_transform(x, crs, aoi, pipeline, reverse, desired_accuracy, :
#> GDAL Error 1: PROJ: Unrecognized horizontal grid format
#> Warning in CPL_transform(x, crs, aoi, pipeline, reverse, desired_accuracy, :
#> GDAL Error 1: PROJ: hgridshift: could not find required grid(s).
#> Warning in CPL_transform(x, crs, aoi, pipeline, reverse, desired_accuracy, :
#> GDAL Error 1: PROJ: pipeline: Pipeline: Bad step definition: proj=hgridshift
#> (File not found or invalid)
#> Warning in CPL_transform(x, crs, aoi, pipeline, reverse, desired_accuracy, :
#> GDAL Error 1: PROJ: Unrecognized horizontal grid format
#> Warning in CPL_transform(x, crs, aoi, pipeline, reverse, desired_accuracy, :
#> GDAL Error 1: PROJ: hgridshift: could not find required grid(s).
#> Warning in CPL_transform(x, crs, aoi, pipeline, reverse, desired_accuracy, :
#> GDAL Error 1: PROJ: pipeline: Pipeline: Bad step definition: proj=hgridshift
#> (File not found or invalid)
#> Warning in CPL_transform(x, crs, aoi, pipeline, reverse, desired_accuracy, :
#> GDAL Error 1: PROJ: Unrecognized horizontal grid format
#> Warning in CPL_transform(x, crs, aoi, pipeline, reverse, desired_accuracy, :
#> GDAL Error 1: PROJ: hgridshift: could not find required grid(s).
#> Warning in CPL_transform(x, crs, aoi, pipeline, reverse, desired_accuracy, :
#> GDAL Error 1: PROJ: pipeline: Pipeline: Bad step definition: proj=hgridshift
#> (File not found or invalid)
#> Warning in CPL_transform(x, crs, aoi, pipeline, reverse, desired_accuracy, :
#> GDAL Error 1: PROJ: Unrecognized horizontal grid format
#> Warning in CPL_transform(x, crs, aoi, pipeline, reverse, desired_accuracy, :
#> GDAL Error 1: PROJ: hgridshift: could not find required grid(s).
#> Warning in CPL_transform(x, crs, aoi, pipeline, reverse, desired_accuracy, :
#> GDAL Error 1: PROJ: pipeline: Pipeline: Bad step definition: proj=hgridshift
#> (File not found or invalid)
#> Warning in CPL_transform(x, crs, aoi, pipeline, reverse, desired_accuracy, :
#> GDAL Error 1: PROJ: Unrecognized horizontal grid format
#> Warning in CPL_transform(x, crs, aoi, pipeline, reverse, desired_accuracy, :
#> GDAL Error 1: PROJ: hgridshift: could not find required grid(s).
#> Warning in CPL_transform(x, crs, aoi, pipeline, reverse, desired_accuracy, :
#> GDAL Error 1: PROJ: pipeline: Pipeline: Bad step definition: proj=hgridshift
#> (File not found or invalid)
#> Warning in CPL_transform(x, crs, aoi, pipeline, reverse, desired_accuracy, :
#> GDAL Error 1: PROJ: Unrecognized horizontal grid format
#> Warning in CPL_transform(x, crs, aoi, pipeline, reverse, desired_accuracy, :
#> GDAL Error 1: PROJ: hgridshift: could not find required grid(s).
#> Warning in CPL_transform(x, crs, aoi, pipeline, reverse, desired_accuracy, :
#> GDAL Error 1: PROJ: pipeline: Pipeline: Bad step definition: proj=hgridshift
#> (File not found or invalid)
#> Warning in CPL_transform(x, crs, aoi, pipeline, reverse, desired_accuracy, :
#> GDAL Error 1: PROJ: Unrecognized horizontal grid format
#> Warning in CPL_transform(x, crs, aoi, pipeline, reverse, desired_accuracy, :
#> GDAL Error 1: PROJ: hgridshift: could not find required grid(s).
#> Warning in CPL_transform(x, crs, aoi, pipeline, reverse, desired_accuracy, :
#> GDAL Error 1: PROJ: pipeline: Pipeline: Bad step definition: proj=hgridshift
#> (File not found or invalid)
#> Warning in CPL_transform(x, crs, aoi, pipeline, reverse, desired_accuracy, :
#> GDAL Error 1: PROJ: Unrecognized horizontal grid format
#> Warning in CPL_transform(x, crs, aoi, pipeline, reverse, desired_accuracy, :
#> GDAL Error 1: PROJ: hgridshift: could not find required grid(s).
#> Warning in CPL_transform(x, crs, aoi, pipeline, reverse, desired_accuracy, :
#> GDAL Error 1: PROJ: pipeline: Pipeline: Bad step definition: proj=hgridshift
#> (File not found or invalid)
warnings()

Created on 2021-09-26 by the reprex package (v2.0.1)

@Robinlovelace
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Robinlovelace commented Sep 26, 2021 •
edited
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My guess: sf and stars can handle the situation when the 'required grid(s)' are not present but emit a warning and transform the object less accurately. terra does not have such a fallback option. 2 pottential solutions come to mind:

  1. Upstream changes in the terra codebase to make it use a fallback transformation pipeline and emit a warning not an error
  2. Silently check for the 'required grid(s)' with code in the geocompr repo and download them if they are not there

Not sure either solution is possible/appropriate.

Wider question: is there a way to download new transform grids from the R command line? Could be worth a section in the book if so.

@Nowosad
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Nowosad commented Sep 26, 2021

My suggestions:

  1. Open a new issue about this in the terra repo to share this discovery
  2. Yes, there is a way to download new transform grids (at least in sf) - I plan to write about it in the 6th chapter. You need to set sf_proj_network to TRUE (it is FALSE by default).
sf_proj_network(TRUE)

@Robinlovelace Robinlovelace mentioned this issue Sep 26, 2021
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@Robinlovelace
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Minor update on this, issue still appears on Binder, this is the issue I get after running bookdown::serve_book() in that rather specific environment:

label: 06-reproj-31
Quitting from lines 473-474 (06-reproj.Rmd) 
Error: [project] cannot create warp output

Execution halted
Error in Rscript_render(f, render_args, render_meta, add1, add2) : 
  Failed to compile 06-reproj.Rmd

Source: https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/robinlovelace/geocompr/main?urlpath=rstudio

@Nowosad
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Nowosad commented Oct 11, 2021

Could it be related to having PROJ 8.0.1 (as oppose to e.g., PROJ 8.1.0)?

@Robinlovelace
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Could be...

@Robinlovelace
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Fixed on the new version of binder discussed in #691

Test it here: https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/robinlovelace/geocompr/main?urlpath=rstudio

> library(terra)
terra version 1.5.2
> library(spData)
Warning message:
multiple methods tables found for ‘approxNA’ 
> sf::sf_extSoftVersion()
          GEOS           GDAL         proj.4 GDAL_with_GEOS     USE_PROJ_H           PROJ 
       "3.8.0"        "3.0.4"        "6.3.1"         "true"         "true"        "6.3.1" 
> cat_raster = rast(system.file("raster/nlcd.tif", package = "spDataLarge"))
> crs(cat_raster)
[1] "PROJCRS[\"NAD83 / UTM zone 12N\",\n    BASEGEOGCRS[\"NAD83\",\n        DATUM[\"North American Datum 1983\",\n            ELLIPSOID[\"GRS 1980\",6378137,298.257222101,\n                LENGTHUNIT[\"metre\",1]]],\n        PRIMEM[\"Greenwich\",0,\n            ANGLEUNIT[\"degree\",0.0174532925199433]],\n        ID[\"EPSG\",4269]],\n    CONVERSION[\"UTM zone 12N\",\n        METHOD[\"Transverse Mercator\",\n            ID[\"EPSG\",9807]],\n        PARAMETER[\"Latitude of natural origin\",0,\n            ANGLEUNIT[\"degree\",0.0174532925199433],\n            ID[\"EPSG\",8801]],\n        PARAMETER[\"Longitude of natural origin\",-111,\n            ANGLEUNIT[\"degree\",0.0174532925199433],\n            ID[\"EPSG\",8802]],\n        PARAMETER[\"Scale factor at natural origin\",0.9996,\n            SCALEUNIT[\"unity\",1],\n            ID[\"EPSG\",8805]],\n        PARAMETER[\"False easting\",500000,\n            LENGTHUNIT[\"metre\",1],\n            ID[\"EPSG\",8806]],\n        PARAMETER[\"False northing\",0,\n            LENGTHUNIT[\"metre\",1],\n            ID[\"EPSG\",8807]]],\n    CS[Cartesian,2],\n        AXIS[\"(E)\",east,\n            ORDER[1],\n            LENGTHUNIT[\"metre\",1]],\n        AXIS[\"(N)\",north,\n            ORDER[2],\n            LENGTHUNIT[\"metre\",1]],\n    USAGE[\n        SCOPE[\"unknown\"],\n        AREA[\"North America - 114°W to 108°W and NAD83 by country\"],\n        BBOX[31.33,-114,84,-108]],\n    ID[\"EPSG\",26912]]"
> cat_raster_wgs84 = project(cat_raster, "EPSG:4326", method = "near")

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