diff --git a/build.zig b/build.zig
index 2b0685d19eab..f86b0d3bec8a 100644
--- a/build.zig
+++ b/build.zig
@@ -220,7 +220,6 @@ pub fn build(b: *Builder) !void {
     }
 
     const log_scopes = b.option([]const []const u8, "log", "Which log scopes to enable") orelse &[0][]const u8{};
-    const zir_dumps = b.option([]const []const u8, "dump-zir", "Which functions to dump ZIR for before codegen") orelse &[0][]const u8{};
 
     const opt_version_string = b.option([]const u8, "version-string", "Override Zig version string. Default is to find out with git.");
     const version = if (opt_version_string) |version| version else v: {
@@ -277,7 +276,6 @@ pub fn build(b: *Builder) !void {
     exe.addBuildOption(std.SemanticVersion, "semver", semver);
 
     exe.addBuildOption([]const []const u8, "log_scopes", log_scopes);
-    exe.addBuildOption([]const []const u8, "zir_dumps", zir_dumps);
     exe.addBuildOption(bool, "enable_tracy", tracy != null);
     exe.addBuildOption(bool, "is_stage1", is_stage1);
     if (tracy) |tracy_path| {
diff --git a/src/Compilation.zig b/src/Compilation.zig
index de115b9b40c3..9a06aee56125 100644
--- a/src/Compilation.zig
+++ b/src/Compilation.zig
@@ -1459,24 +1459,29 @@ pub fn performAllTheWork(self: *Compilation) error{ TimerUnsupported, OutOfMemor
                 const module = self.bin_file.options.module.?;
                 if (decl.typed_value.most_recent.typed_value.val.castTag(.function)) |payload| {
                     const func = payload.data;
-                    switch (func.analysis) {
+                    switch (func.state) {
                         .queued => module.analyzeFnBody(decl, func) catch |err| switch (err) {
                             error.AnalysisFail => {
-                                assert(func.analysis != .in_progress);
+                                assert(func.state != .in_progress);
                                 continue;
                             },
                             error.OutOfMemory => return error.OutOfMemory,
                         },
                         .in_progress => unreachable,
+                        .inline_only => unreachable, // don't queue work for this
                         .sema_failure, .dependency_failure => continue,
                         .success => {},
                     }
-                    // Here we tack on additional allocations to the Decl's arena. The allocations are
-                    // lifetime annotations in the ZIR.
+                    // Here we tack on additional allocations to the Decl's arena. The allocations
+                    // are lifetime annotations in the ZIR.
                     var decl_arena = decl.typed_value.most_recent.arena.?.promote(module.gpa);
                     defer decl.typed_value.most_recent.arena.?.* = decl_arena.state;
                     log.debug("analyze liveness of {s}\n", .{decl.name});
-                    try liveness.analyze(module.gpa, &decl_arena.allocator, func.analysis.success);
+                    try liveness.analyze(module.gpa, &decl_arena.allocator, func.body);
+
+                    if (std.builtin.mode == .Debug and self.verbose_ir) {
+                        func.dump(module.*);
+                    }
                 }
 
                 assert(decl.typed_value.most_recent.typed_value.ty.hasCodeGenBits());
diff --git a/src/Module.zig b/src/Module.zig
index d1719059c473..24ea48043b8d 100644
--- a/src/Module.zig
+++ b/src/Module.zig
@@ -268,6 +268,11 @@ pub const Decl = struct {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Asserts that the `Decl` is part of AST and not ZIRModule.
+    pub fn getFileScope(self: *Decl) *Scope.File {
+        return self.scope.cast(Scope.Container).?.file_scope;
+    }
+
     fn removeDependant(self: *Decl, other: *Decl) void {
         self.dependants.removeAssertDiscard(other);
     }
@@ -281,46 +286,32 @@ pub const Decl = struct {
 /// Extern functions do not have this data structure; they are represented by
 /// the `Decl` only, with a `Value` tag of `extern_fn`.
 pub const Fn = struct {
-    /// This memory owned by the Decl's TypedValue.Managed arena allocator.
-    analysis: union(enum) {
-        queued: *ZIR,
+    owner_decl: *Decl,
+    /// Contains un-analyzed ZIR instructions generated from Zig source AST.
+    /// Even after we finish analysis, the ZIR is kept in memory, so that
+    /// comptime and inline function calls can happen.
+    zir: zir.Module.Body,
+    /// undefined unless analysis state is `success`.
+    body: Body,
+    state: Analysis,
+
+    pub const Analysis = enum {
+        queued,
+        /// This function intentionally only has ZIR generated because it is marked
+        /// inline, which means no runtime version of the function will be generated.
+        inline_only,
         in_progress,
         /// There will be a corresponding ErrorMsg in Module.failed_decls
         sema_failure,
-        /// This Fn might be OK but it depends on another Decl which did not successfully complete
-        /// semantic analysis.
+        /// This Fn might be OK but it depends on another Decl which did not
+        /// successfully complete semantic analysis.
         dependency_failure,
-        success: Body,
-    },
-    owner_decl: *Decl,
-
-    /// This memory is temporary and points to stack memory for the duration
-    /// of Fn analysis.
-    pub const Analysis = struct {
-        inner_block: Scope.Block,
-    };
-
-    /// Contains un-analyzed ZIR instructions generated from Zig source AST.
-    pub const ZIR = struct {
-        body: zir.Module.Body,
-        arena: std.heap.ArenaAllocator.State,
+        success,
     };
 
     /// For debugging purposes.
     pub fn dump(self: *Fn, mod: Module) void {
-        std.debug.print("Module.Function(name={s}) ", .{self.owner_decl.name});
-        switch (self.analysis) {
-            .queued => {
-                std.debug.print("queued\n", .{});
-            },
-            .in_progress => {
-                std.debug.print("in_progress\n", .{});
-            },
-            else => {
-                std.debug.print("\n", .{});
-                zir.dumpFn(mod, self);
-            },
-        }
+        zir.dumpFn(mod, self);
     }
 };
 
@@ -761,21 +752,60 @@ pub const Scope = struct {
     /// during semantic analysis of the block.
     pub const Block = struct {
         pub const base_tag: Tag = .block;
+
         base: Scope = Scope{ .tag = base_tag },
         parent: ?*Block,
+        /// Maps ZIR to TZIR. Shared to sub-blocks.
+        inst_table: *InstTable,
         func: ?*Fn,
         decl: *Decl,
         instructions: ArrayListUnmanaged(*Inst),
         /// Points to the arena allocator of DeclAnalysis
         arena: *Allocator,
         label: ?Label = null,
+        inlining: ?*Inlining,
         is_comptime: bool,
 
+        pub const InstTable = std.AutoHashMap(*zir.Inst, *Inst);
+
+        /// This `Block` maps a block ZIR instruction to the corresponding
+        /// TZIR instruction for break instruction analysis.
         pub const Label = struct {
             zir_block: *zir.Inst.Block,
+            merges: Merges,
+        };
+
+        /// This `Block` indicates that an inline function call is happening
+        /// and return instructions should be analyzed as a break instruction
+        /// to this TZIR block instruction.
+        /// It is shared among all the blocks in an inline or comptime called
+        /// function.
+        pub const Inlining = struct {
+            /// Shared state among the entire inline/comptime call stack.
+            shared: *Shared,
+            /// We use this to count from 0 so that arg instructions know
+            /// which parameter index they are, without having to store
+            /// a parameter index with each arg instruction.
+            param_index: usize,
+            casted_args: []*Inst,
+            merges: Merges,
+
+            pub const Shared = struct {
+                caller: ?*Fn,
+                branch_count: u64,
+                branch_quota: u64,
+            };
+        };
+
+        pub const Merges = struct {
             results: ArrayListUnmanaged(*Inst),
             block_inst: *Inst.Block,
         };
+
+        /// For debugging purposes.
+        pub fn dump(self: *Block, mod: Module) void {
+            zir.dumpBlock(mod, self);
+        }
     };
 
     /// This is a temporary structure, references to it are valid only
@@ -992,11 +1022,11 @@ fn astGenAndAnalyzeDecl(self: *Module, decl: *Decl) !bool {
     defer tracy.end();
 
     const container_scope = decl.scope.cast(Scope.Container).?;
-    const tree = try self.getAstTree(container_scope);
+    const tree = try self.getAstTree(container_scope.file_scope);
     const ast_node = tree.root_node.decls()[decl.src_index];
     switch (ast_node.tag) {
         .FnProto => {
-            const fn_proto = @fieldParentPtr(ast.Node.FnProto, "base", ast_node);
+            const fn_proto = ast_node.castTag(.FnProto).?;
 
             decl.analysis = .in_progress;
 
@@ -1062,7 +1092,7 @@ fn astGenAndAnalyzeDecl(self: *Module, decl: *Decl) !bool {
                 .param_types = param_types,
             }, .{});
 
-            if (self.comp.verbose_ir) {
+            if (std.builtin.mode == .Debug and self.comp.verbose_ir) {
                 zir.dumpZir(self.gpa, "fn_type", decl.name, fn_type_scope.instructions.items) catch {};
             }
 
@@ -1071,12 +1101,17 @@ fn astGenAndAnalyzeDecl(self: *Module, decl: *Decl) !bool {
             errdefer decl_arena.deinit();
             const decl_arena_state = try decl_arena.allocator.create(std.heap.ArenaAllocator.State);
 
+            var inst_table = Scope.Block.InstTable.init(self.gpa);
+            defer inst_table.deinit();
+
             var block_scope: Scope.Block = .{
                 .parent = null,
+                .inst_table = &inst_table,
                 .func = null,
                 .decl = decl,
                 .instructions = .{},
                 .arena = &decl_arena.allocator,
+                .inlining = null,
                 .is_comptime = false,
             };
             defer block_scope.instructions.deinit(self.gpa);
@@ -1113,14 +1148,11 @@ fn astGenAndAnalyzeDecl(self: *Module, decl: *Decl) !bool {
             const new_func = try decl_arena.allocator.create(Fn);
             const fn_payload = try decl_arena.allocator.create(Value.Payload.Function);
 
-            const fn_zir = blk: {
-                // This scope's arena memory is discarded after the ZIR generation
-                // pass completes, and semantic analysis of it completes.
-                var gen_scope_arena = std.heap.ArenaAllocator.init(self.gpa);
-                errdefer gen_scope_arena.deinit();
+            const fn_zir: zir.Module.Body = blk: {
+                // We put the ZIR inside the Decl arena.
                 var gen_scope: Scope.GenZIR = .{
                     .decl = decl,
-                    .arena = &gen_scope_arena.allocator,
+                    .arena = &decl_arena.allocator,
                     .parent = decl.scope,
                 };
                 defer gen_scope.instructions.deinit(self.gpa);
@@ -1131,8 +1163,8 @@ fn astGenAndAnalyzeDecl(self: *Module, decl: *Decl) !bool {
                 for (fn_proto.params()) |param, i| {
                     const name_token = param.name_token.?;
                     const src = tree.token_locs[name_token].start;
-                    const param_name = tree.tokenSlice(name_token); // TODO: call identifierTokenString
-                    const arg = try gen_scope_arena.allocator.create(zir.Inst.Arg);
+                    const param_name = try self.identifierTokenString(&gen_scope.base, name_token);
+                    const arg = try decl_arena.allocator.create(zir.Inst.Arg);
                     arg.* = .{
                         .base = .{
                             .tag = .arg,
@@ -1144,7 +1176,7 @@ fn astGenAndAnalyzeDecl(self: *Module, decl: *Decl) !bool {
                         .kw_args = .{},
                     };
                     gen_scope.instructions.items[i] = &arg.base;
-                    const sub_scope = try gen_scope_arena.allocator.create(Scope.LocalVal);
+                    const sub_scope = try decl_arena.allocator.create(Scope.LocalVal);
                     sub_scope.* = .{
                         .parent = params_scope,
                         .gen_zir = &gen_scope,
@@ -1165,22 +1197,29 @@ fn astGenAndAnalyzeDecl(self: *Module, decl: *Decl) !bool {
                     _ = try astgen.addZIRNoOp(self, &gen_scope.base, src, .returnvoid);
                 }
 
-                if (self.comp.verbose_ir) {
+                if (std.builtin.mode == .Debug and self.comp.verbose_ir) {
                     zir.dumpZir(self.gpa, "fn_body", decl.name, gen_scope.instructions.items) catch {};
                 }
 
-                const fn_zir = try gen_scope_arena.allocator.create(Fn.ZIR);
-                fn_zir.* = .{
-                    .body = .{
-                        .instructions = try gen_scope.arena.dupe(*zir.Inst, gen_scope.instructions.items),
-                    },
-                    .arena = gen_scope_arena.state,
+                break :blk .{
+                    .instructions = try gen_scope.arena.dupe(*zir.Inst, gen_scope.instructions.items),
                 };
-                break :blk fn_zir;
             };
 
+            const is_inline = blk: {
+                if (fn_proto.getExternExportInlineToken()) |maybe_inline_token| {
+                    if (tree.token_ids[maybe_inline_token] == .Keyword_inline) {
+                        break :blk true;
+                    }
+                }
+                break :blk false;
+            };
+            const anal_state = ([2]Fn.Analysis{ .queued, .inline_only })[@boolToInt(is_inline)];
+
             new_func.* = .{
-                .analysis = .{ .queued = fn_zir },
+                .state = anal_state,
+                .zir = fn_zir,
+                .body = undefined,
                 .owner_decl = decl,
             };
             fn_payload.* = .{
@@ -1189,11 +1228,16 @@ fn astGenAndAnalyzeDecl(self: *Module, decl: *Decl) !bool {
             };
 
             var prev_type_has_bits = false;
+            var prev_is_inline = false;
             var type_changed = true;
 
             if (decl.typedValueManaged()) |tvm| {
                 prev_type_has_bits = tvm.typed_value.ty.hasCodeGenBits();
                 type_changed = !tvm.typed_value.ty.eql(fn_type);
+                if (tvm.typed_value.val.castTag(.function)) |payload| {
+                    const prev_func = payload.data;
+                    prev_is_inline = prev_func.state == .inline_only;
+                }
 
                 tvm.deinit(self.gpa);
             }
@@ -1211,18 +1255,26 @@ fn astGenAndAnalyzeDecl(self: *Module, decl: *Decl) !bool {
             decl.analysis = .complete;
             decl.generation = self.generation;
 
-            if (fn_type.hasCodeGenBits()) {
+            if (!is_inline and fn_type.hasCodeGenBits()) {
                 // We don't fully codegen the decl until later, but we do need to reserve a global
                 // offset table index for it. This allows us to codegen decls out of dependency order,
                 // increasing how many computations can be done in parallel.
                 try self.comp.bin_file.allocateDeclIndexes(decl);
                 try self.comp.work_queue.writeItem(.{ .codegen_decl = decl });
-            } else if (prev_type_has_bits) {
+            } else if (!prev_is_inline and prev_type_has_bits) {
                 self.comp.bin_file.freeDecl(decl);
             }
 
             if (fn_proto.getExternExportInlineToken()) |maybe_export_token| {
                 if (tree.token_ids[maybe_export_token] == .Keyword_export) {
+                    if (is_inline) {
+                        return self.failTok(
+                            &block_scope.base,
+                            maybe_export_token,
+                            "export of inline function",
+                            .{},
+                        );
+                    }
                     const export_src = tree.token_locs[maybe_export_token].start;
                     const name_loc = tree.token_locs[fn_proto.getNameToken().?];
                     const name = tree.tokenSliceLoc(name_loc);
@@ -1230,7 +1282,7 @@ fn astGenAndAnalyzeDecl(self: *Module, decl: *Decl) !bool {
                     try self.analyzeExport(&block_scope.base, export_src, name, decl);
                 }
             }
-            return type_changed;
+            return type_changed or is_inline != prev_is_inline;
         },
         .VarDecl => {
             const var_decl = @fieldParentPtr(ast.Node.VarDecl, "base", ast_node);
@@ -1242,12 +1294,17 @@ fn astGenAndAnalyzeDecl(self: *Module, decl: *Decl) !bool {
             errdefer decl_arena.deinit();
             const decl_arena_state = try decl_arena.allocator.create(std.heap.ArenaAllocator.State);
 
+            var decl_inst_table = Scope.Block.InstTable.init(self.gpa);
+            defer decl_inst_table.deinit();
+
             var block_scope: Scope.Block = .{
                 .parent = null,
+                .inst_table = &decl_inst_table,
                 .func = null,
                 .decl = decl,
                 .instructions = .{},
                 .arena = &decl_arena.allocator,
+                .inlining = null,
                 .is_comptime = true,
             };
             defer block_scope.instructions.deinit(self.gpa);
@@ -1303,23 +1360,30 @@ fn astGenAndAnalyzeDecl(self: *Module, decl: *Decl) !bool {
 
                 const src = tree.token_locs[init_node.firstToken()].start;
                 const init_inst = try astgen.expr(self, &gen_scope.base, init_result_loc, init_node);
-                if (self.comp.verbose_ir) {
+                if (std.builtin.mode == .Debug and self.comp.verbose_ir) {
                     zir.dumpZir(self.gpa, "var_init", decl.name, gen_scope.instructions.items) catch {};
                 }
 
+                var var_inst_table = Scope.Block.InstTable.init(self.gpa);
+                defer var_inst_table.deinit();
+
                 var inner_block: Scope.Block = .{
                     .parent = null,
+                    .inst_table = &var_inst_table,
                     .func = null,
                     .decl = decl,
                     .instructions = .{},
                     .arena = &gen_scope_arena.allocator,
+                    .inlining = null,
                     .is_comptime = true,
                 };
                 defer inner_block.instructions.deinit(self.gpa);
-                try zir_sema.analyzeBody(self, &inner_block.base, .{ .instructions = gen_scope.instructions.items });
+                try zir_sema.analyzeBody(self, &inner_block, .{
+                    .instructions = gen_scope.instructions.items,
+                });
 
                 // The result location guarantees the type coercion.
-                const analyzed_init_inst = init_inst.analyzed_inst.?;
+                const analyzed_init_inst = var_inst_table.get(init_inst).?;
                 // The is_comptime in the Scope.Block guarantees the result is comptime-known.
                 const val = analyzed_init_inst.value().?;
 
@@ -1347,7 +1411,7 @@ fn astGenAndAnalyzeDecl(self: *Module, decl: *Decl) !bool {
                     .val = Value.initTag(.type_type),
                 });
                 const var_type = try astgen.expr(self, &type_scope.base, .{ .ty = type_type }, type_node);
-                if (self.comp.verbose_ir) {
+                if (std.builtin.mode == .Debug and self.comp.verbose_ir) {
                     zir.dumpZir(self.gpa, "var_type", decl.name, type_scope.instructions.items) catch {};
                 }
 
@@ -1423,21 +1487,26 @@ fn astGenAndAnalyzeDecl(self: *Module, decl: *Decl) !bool {
             defer gen_scope.instructions.deinit(self.gpa);
 
             _ = try astgen.comptimeExpr(self, &gen_scope.base, .none, comptime_decl.expr);
-            if (self.comp.verbose_ir) {
+            if (std.builtin.mode == .Debug and self.comp.verbose_ir) {
                 zir.dumpZir(self.gpa, "comptime_block", decl.name, gen_scope.instructions.items) catch {};
             }
 
+            var inst_table = Scope.Block.InstTable.init(self.gpa);
+            defer inst_table.deinit();
+
             var block_scope: Scope.Block = .{
                 .parent = null,
+                .inst_table = &inst_table,
                 .func = null,
                 .decl = decl,
                 .instructions = .{},
                 .arena = &analysis_arena.allocator,
+                .inlining = null,
                 .is_comptime = true,
             };
             defer block_scope.instructions.deinit(self.gpa);
 
-            _ = try zir_sema.analyzeBody(self, &block_scope.base, .{
+            _ = try zir_sema.analyzeBody(self, &block_scope, .{
                 .instructions = gen_scope.instructions.items,
             });
 
@@ -1496,12 +1565,10 @@ fn getSrcModule(self: *Module, root_scope: *Scope.ZIRModule) !*zir.Module {
     }
 }
 
-fn getAstTree(self: *Module, container_scope: *Scope.Container) !*ast.Tree {
+pub fn getAstTree(self: *Module, root_scope: *Scope.File) !*ast.Tree {
     const tracy = trace(@src());
     defer tracy.end();
 
-    const root_scope = container_scope.file_scope;
-
     switch (root_scope.status) {
         .never_loaded, .unloaded_success => {
             try self.failed_files.ensureCapacity(self.gpa, self.failed_files.items().len + 1);
@@ -1549,7 +1616,7 @@ pub fn analyzeContainer(self: *Module, container_scope: *Scope.Container) !void
 
     // We may be analyzing it for the first time, or this may be
     // an incremental update. This code handles both cases.
-    const tree = try self.getAstTree(container_scope);
+    const tree = try self.getAstTree(container_scope.file_scope);
     const decls = tree.root_node.decls();
 
     try self.comp.work_queue.ensureUnusedCapacity(decls.len);
@@ -1806,25 +1873,28 @@ pub fn analyzeFnBody(self: *Module, decl: *Decl, func: *Fn) !void {
     // Use the Decl's arena for function memory.
     var arena = decl.typed_value.most_recent.arena.?.promote(self.gpa);
     defer decl.typed_value.most_recent.arena.?.* = arena.state;
+    var inst_table = Scope.Block.InstTable.init(self.gpa);
+    defer inst_table.deinit();
     var inner_block: Scope.Block = .{
         .parent = null,
+        .inst_table = &inst_table,
         .func = func,
         .decl = decl,
         .instructions = .{},
         .arena = &arena.allocator,
+        .inlining = null,
         .is_comptime = false,
     };
     defer inner_block.instructions.deinit(self.gpa);
 
-    const fn_zir = func.analysis.queued;
-    defer fn_zir.arena.promote(self.gpa).deinit();
-    func.analysis = .{ .in_progress = {} };
+    func.state = .in_progress;
     log.debug("set {s} to in_progress\n", .{decl.name});
 
-    try zir_sema.analyzeBody(self, &inner_block.base, fn_zir.body);
+    try zir_sema.analyzeBody(self, &inner_block, func.zir);
 
     const instructions = try arena.allocator.dupe(*Inst, inner_block.instructions.items);
-    func.analysis = .{ .success = .{ .instructions = instructions } };
+    func.state = .success;
+    func.body = .{ .instructions = instructions };
     log.debug("set {s} to success\n", .{decl.name});
 }
 
@@ -2321,7 +2391,7 @@ pub fn analyzeDeclRef(self: *Module, scope: *Scope, src: usize, decl: *Decl) Inn
     self.ensureDeclAnalyzed(decl) catch |err| {
         if (scope.cast(Scope.Block)) |block| {
             if (block.func) |func| {
-                func.analysis = .dependency_failure;
+                func.state = .dependency_failure;
             } else {
                 block.decl.analysis = .dependency_failure;
             }
@@ -3020,11 +3090,20 @@ fn failWithOwnedErrorMsg(self: *Module, scope: *Scope, src: usize, err_msg: *Com
         },
         .block => {
             const block = scope.cast(Scope.Block).?;
-            if (block.func) |func| {
-                func.analysis = .sema_failure;
+            if (block.inlining) |inlining| {
+                if (inlining.shared.caller) |func| {
+                    func.state = .sema_failure;
+                } else {
+                    block.decl.analysis = .sema_failure;
+                    block.decl.generation = self.generation;
+                }
             } else {
-                block.decl.analysis = .sema_failure;
-                block.decl.generation = self.generation;
+                if (block.func) |func| {
+                    func.state = .sema_failure;
+                } else {
+                    block.decl.analysis = .sema_failure;
+                    block.decl.generation = self.generation;
+                }
             }
             self.failed_decls.putAssumeCapacityNoClobber(block.decl, err_msg);
         },
@@ -3380,10 +3459,12 @@ pub fn addSafetyCheck(mod: *Module, parent_block: *Scope.Block, ok: *Inst, panic
 
     var fail_block: Scope.Block = .{
         .parent = parent_block,
+        .inst_table = parent_block.inst_table,
         .func = parent_block.func,
         .decl = parent_block.decl,
         .instructions = .{},
         .arena = parent_block.arena,
+        .inlining = parent_block.inlining,
         .is_comptime = parent_block.is_comptime,
     };
     defer fail_block.instructions.deinit(mod.gpa);
@@ -3427,3 +3508,34 @@ pub fn validateVarType(mod: *Module, scope: *Scope, src: usize, ty: Type) !void
         return mod.fail(scope, src, "variable of type '{}' must be const or comptime", .{ty});
     }
 }
+
+/// Identifier token -> String (allocated in scope.arena())
+pub fn identifierTokenString(mod: *Module, scope: *Scope, token: ast.TokenIndex) InnerError![]const u8 {
+    const tree = scope.tree();
+
+    const ident_name = tree.tokenSlice(token);
+    if (mem.startsWith(u8, ident_name, "@")) {
+        const raw_string = ident_name[1..];
+        var bad_index: usize = undefined;
+        return std.zig.parseStringLiteral(scope.arena(), raw_string, &bad_index) catch |err| switch (err) {
+            error.InvalidCharacter => {
+                const bad_byte = raw_string[bad_index];
+                const src = tree.token_locs[token].start;
+                return mod.fail(scope, src + 1 + bad_index, "invalid string literal character: '{c}'\n", .{bad_byte});
+            },
+            else => |e| return e,
+        };
+    }
+    return ident_name;
+}
+
+pub fn emitBackwardBranch(mod: *Module, block: *Scope.Block, src: usize) !void {
+    const shared = block.inlining.?.shared;
+    shared.branch_count += 1;
+    if (shared.branch_count > shared.branch_quota) {
+        // TODO show the "called from here" stack
+        return mod.fail(&block.base, src, "evaluation exceeded {d} backwards branches", .{
+            shared.branch_quota,
+        });
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/astgen.zig b/src/astgen.zig
index a50fa026ca5d..7e4e9e227146 100644
--- a/src/astgen.zig
+++ b/src/astgen.zig
@@ -384,7 +384,7 @@ fn breakExpr(mod: *Module, parent_scope: *Scope, node: *ast.Node.ControlFlowExpr
             .local_val => scope = scope.cast(Scope.LocalVal).?.parent,
             .local_ptr => scope = scope.cast(Scope.LocalPtr).?.parent,
             else => if (node.getLabel()) |break_label| {
-                const label_name = try identifierTokenString(mod, parent_scope, break_label);
+                const label_name = try mod.identifierTokenString(parent_scope, break_label);
                 return mod.failTok(parent_scope, break_label, "label not found: '{s}'", .{label_name});
             } else {
                 return mod.failTok(parent_scope, src, "break expression outside loop", .{});
@@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ fn continueExpr(mod: *Module, parent_scope: *Scope, node: *ast.Node.ControlFlowE
             .local_val => scope = scope.cast(Scope.LocalVal).?.parent,
             .local_ptr => scope = scope.cast(Scope.LocalPtr).?.parent,
             else => if (node.getLabel()) |break_label| {
-                const label_name = try identifierTokenString(mod, parent_scope, break_label);
+                const label_name = try mod.identifierTokenString(parent_scope, break_label);
                 return mod.failTok(parent_scope, break_label, "label not found: '{s}'", .{label_name});
             } else {
                 return mod.failTok(parent_scope, src, "continue expression outside loop", .{});
@@ -551,7 +551,7 @@ fn varDecl(
     }
     const tree = scope.tree();
     const name_src = tree.token_locs[node.name_token].start;
-    const ident_name = try identifierTokenString(mod, scope, node.name_token);
+    const ident_name = try mod.identifierTokenString(scope, node.name_token);
 
     // Local variables shadowing detection, including function parameters.
     {
@@ -843,7 +843,7 @@ fn typeInixOp(mod: *Module, scope: *Scope, node: *ast.Node.SimpleInfixOp, op_ins
 fn enumLiteral(mod: *Module, scope: *Scope, node: *ast.Node.EnumLiteral) !*zir.Inst {
     const tree = scope.tree();
     const src = tree.token_locs[node.name].start;
-    const name = try identifierTokenString(mod, scope, node.name);
+    const name = try mod.identifierTokenString(scope, node.name);
 
     return addZIRInst(mod, scope, src, zir.Inst.EnumLiteral, .{ .name = name }, .{});
 }
@@ -864,7 +864,7 @@ fn errorSetDecl(mod: *Module, scope: *Scope, rl: ResultLoc, node: *ast.Node.Erro
 
     for (decls) |decl, i| {
         const tag = decl.castTag(.ErrorTag).?;
-        fields[i] = try identifierTokenString(mod, scope, tag.name_token);
+        fields[i] = try mod.identifierTokenString(scope, tag.name_token);
     }
 
     // analyzing the error set results in a decl ref, so we might need to dereference it
@@ -988,36 +988,16 @@ fn orelseCatchExpr(
 /// Return whether the identifier names of two tokens are equal. Resolves @"" tokens without allocating.
 /// OK in theory it could do it without allocating. This implementation allocates when the @"" form is used.
 fn tokenIdentEql(mod: *Module, scope: *Scope, token1: ast.TokenIndex, token2: ast.TokenIndex) !bool {
-    const ident_name_1 = try identifierTokenString(mod, scope, token1);
-    const ident_name_2 = try identifierTokenString(mod, scope, token2);
+    const ident_name_1 = try mod.identifierTokenString(scope, token1);
+    const ident_name_2 = try mod.identifierTokenString(scope, token2);
     return mem.eql(u8, ident_name_1, ident_name_2);
 }
 
-/// Identifier token -> String (allocated in scope.arena())
-fn identifierTokenString(mod: *Module, scope: *Scope, token: ast.TokenIndex) InnerError![]const u8 {
-    const tree = scope.tree();
-
-    const ident_name = tree.tokenSlice(token);
-    if (mem.startsWith(u8, ident_name, "@")) {
-        const raw_string = ident_name[1..];
-        var bad_index: usize = undefined;
-        return std.zig.parseStringLiteral(scope.arena(), raw_string, &bad_index) catch |err| switch (err) {
-            error.InvalidCharacter => {
-                const bad_byte = raw_string[bad_index];
-                const src = tree.token_locs[token].start;
-                return mod.fail(scope, src + 1 + bad_index, "invalid string literal character: '{c}'\n", .{bad_byte});
-            },
-            else => |e| return e,
-        };
-    }
-    return ident_name;
-}
-
 pub fn identifierStringInst(mod: *Module, scope: *Scope, node: *ast.Node.OneToken) InnerError!*zir.Inst {
     const tree = scope.tree();
     const src = tree.token_locs[node.token].start;
 
-    const ident_name = try identifierTokenString(mod, scope, node.token);
+    const ident_name = try mod.identifierTokenString(scope, node.token);
 
     return addZIRInst(mod, scope, src, zir.Inst.Str, .{ .bytes = ident_name }, .{});
 }
@@ -1936,7 +1916,7 @@ fn identifier(mod: *Module, scope: *Scope, rl: ResultLoc, ident: *ast.Node.OneTo
     defer tracy.end();
 
     const tree = scope.tree();
-    const ident_name = try identifierTokenString(mod, scope, ident.token);
+    const ident_name = try mod.identifierTokenString(scope, ident.token);
     const src = tree.token_locs[ident.token].start;
     if (mem.eql(u8, ident_name, "_")) {
         return mod.failNode(scope, &ident.base, "TODO implement '_' identifier", .{});
diff --git a/src/codegen.zig b/src/codegen.zig
index 6530b687e577..58be73a31cf8 100644
--- a/src/codegen.zig
+++ b/src/codegen.zig
@@ -532,7 +532,7 @@ fn Function(comptime arch: std.Target.Cpu.Arch) type {
                         self.code.items.len += 4;
 
                         try self.dbgSetPrologueEnd();
-                        try self.genBody(self.mod_fn.analysis.success);
+                        try self.genBody(self.mod_fn.body);
 
                         const stack_end = self.max_end_stack;
                         if (stack_end > math.maxInt(i32))
@@ -576,7 +576,7 @@ fn Function(comptime arch: std.Target.Cpu.Arch) type {
                         });
                     } else {
                         try self.dbgSetPrologueEnd();
-                        try self.genBody(self.mod_fn.analysis.success);
+                        try self.genBody(self.mod_fn.body);
                         try self.dbgSetEpilogueBegin();
                     }
                 },
@@ -593,7 +593,7 @@ fn Function(comptime arch: std.Target.Cpu.Arch) type {
 
                         try self.dbgSetPrologueEnd();
 
-                        try self.genBody(self.mod_fn.analysis.success);
+                        try self.genBody(self.mod_fn.body);
 
                         // Backpatch stack offset
                         const stack_end = self.max_end_stack;
@@ -638,13 +638,13 @@ fn Function(comptime arch: std.Target.Cpu.Arch) type {
                         writeInt(u32, try self.code.addManyAsArray(4), Instruction.pop(.al, .{ .fp, .pc }).toU32());
                     } else {
                         try self.dbgSetPrologueEnd();
-                        try self.genBody(self.mod_fn.analysis.success);
+                        try self.genBody(self.mod_fn.body);
                         try self.dbgSetEpilogueBegin();
                     }
                 },
                 else => {
                     try self.dbgSetPrologueEnd();
-                    try self.genBody(self.mod_fn.analysis.success);
+                    try self.genBody(self.mod_fn.body);
                     try self.dbgSetEpilogueBegin();
                 },
             }
diff --git a/src/codegen/c.zig b/src/codegen/c.zig
index 684a03eb7962..1a89e22d4878 100644
--- a/src/codegen/c.zig
+++ b/src/codegen/c.zig
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ pub fn generate(file: *C, module: *Module, decl: *Decl) !void {
         try writer.writeAll(" {");
 
         const func: *Module.Fn = func_payload.data;
-        const instructions = func.analysis.success.instructions;
+        const instructions = func.body.instructions;
         if (instructions.len > 0) {
             try writer.writeAll("\n");
             for (instructions) |inst| {
diff --git a/src/codegen/wasm.zig b/src/codegen/wasm.zig
index c7ad59f5d178..036243dccac5 100644
--- a/src/codegen/wasm.zig
+++ b/src/codegen/wasm.zig
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ pub fn genCode(buf: *ArrayList(u8), decl: *Decl) !void {
     // TODO: check for and handle death of instructions
     const tv = decl.typed_value.most_recent.typed_value;
     const mod_fn = tv.val.castTag(.function).?.data;
-    for (mod_fn.analysis.success.instructions) |inst| try genInst(buf, decl, inst);
+    for (mod_fn.body.instructions) |inst| try genInst(buf, decl, inst);
 
     // Write 'end' opcode
     try writer.writeByte(0x0B);
diff --git a/src/config.zig.in b/src/config.zig.in
index 9d16cf382441..0dbd3f3c9176 100644
--- a/src/config.zig.in
+++ b/src/config.zig.in
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ pub const have_llvm = true;
 pub const version: [:0]const u8 = "@ZIG_VERSION@";
 pub const semver = try @import("std").SemanticVersion.parse(version);
 pub const log_scopes: []const []const u8 = &[_][]const u8{};
-pub const zir_dumps: []const []const u8 = &[_][]const u8{};
 pub const enable_tracy = false;
 pub const is_stage1 = true;
 pub const skip_non_native = false;
diff --git a/src/link/Elf.zig b/src/link/Elf.zig
index 116d7c98597e..d74236f8c1b5 100644
--- a/src/link/Elf.zig
+++ b/src/link/Elf.zig
@@ -2178,16 +2178,6 @@ pub fn updateDecl(self: *Elf, module: *Module, decl: *Module.Decl) !void {
         else => false,
     };
     if (is_fn) {
-        const zir_dumps = if (std.builtin.is_test) &[0][]const u8{} else build_options.zir_dumps;
-        if (zir_dumps.len != 0) {
-            for (zir_dumps) |fn_name| {
-                if (mem.eql(u8, mem.spanZ(decl.name), fn_name)) {
-                    std.debug.print("\n{s}\n", .{decl.name});
-                    typed_value.val.castTag(.function).?.data.dump(module.*);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
         // For functions we need to add a prologue to the debug line program.
         try dbg_line_buffer.ensureCapacity(26);
 
diff --git a/src/link/MachO/DebugSymbols.zig b/src/link/MachO/DebugSymbols.zig
index c70fcc5825ce..11f87d5495ba 100644
--- a/src/link/MachO/DebugSymbols.zig
+++ b/src/link/MachO/DebugSymbols.zig
@@ -936,16 +936,6 @@ pub fn initDeclDebugBuffers(
     const typed_value = decl.typed_value.most_recent.typed_value;
     switch (typed_value.ty.zigTypeTag()) {
         .Fn => {
-            const zir_dumps = if (std.builtin.is_test) &[0][]const u8{} else build_options.zir_dumps;
-            if (zir_dumps.len != 0) {
-                for (zir_dumps) |fn_name| {
-                    if (mem.eql(u8, mem.spanZ(decl.name), fn_name)) {
-                        std.debug.print("\n{}\n", .{decl.name});
-                        typed_value.val.cast(Value.Payload.Function).?.func.dump(module.*);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
             // For functions we need to add a prologue to the debug line program.
             try dbg_line_buffer.ensureCapacity(26);
 
diff --git a/src/llvm_backend.zig b/src/llvm_backend.zig
index 51d1a0840e2e..97406797b61b 100644
--- a/src/llvm_backend.zig
+++ b/src/llvm_backend.zig
@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ pub const LLVMIRModule = struct {
                 const entry_block = llvm_func.appendBasicBlock("Entry");
                 self.builder.positionBuilderAtEnd(entry_block);
 
-                const instructions = func.analysis.success.instructions;
+                const instructions = func.body.instructions;
                 for (instructions) |inst| {
                     switch (inst.tag) {
                         .breakpoint => try self.genBreakpoint(inst.castTag(.breakpoint).?),
diff --git a/src/main.zig b/src/main.zig
index 519671bccf50..155dcc74de7e 100644
--- a/src/main.zig
+++ b/src/main.zig
@@ -1818,7 +1818,7 @@ fn buildOutputType(
     };
 
     updateModule(gpa, comp, zir_out_path, hook) catch |err| switch (err) {
-        error.SemanticAnalyzeFail => process.exit(1),
+        error.SemanticAnalyzeFail => if (!watch) process.exit(1),
         else => |e| return e,
     };
     try comp.makeBinFileExecutable();
diff --git a/src/value.zig b/src/value.zig
index 10f58fa44f07..11c385b44654 100644
--- a/src/value.zig
+++ b/src/value.zig
@@ -330,11 +330,14 @@ pub const Value = extern union {
             .int_type => return self.copyPayloadShallow(allocator, Payload.IntType),
             .int_u64 => return self.copyPayloadShallow(allocator, Payload.U64),
             .int_i64 => return self.copyPayloadShallow(allocator, Payload.I64),
-            .int_big_positive => {
-                @panic("TODO implement copying of big ints");
-            },
-            .int_big_negative => {
-                @panic("TODO implement copying of big ints");
+            .int_big_positive, .int_big_negative => {
+                const old_payload = self.cast(Payload.BigInt).?;
+                const new_payload = try allocator.create(Payload.BigInt);
+                new_payload.* = .{
+                    .base = .{ .tag = self.ptr_otherwise.tag },
+                    .data = try allocator.dupe(std.math.big.Limb, old_payload.data),
+                };
+                return Value{ .ptr_otherwise = &new_payload.base };
             },
             .function => return self.copyPayloadShallow(allocator, Payload.Function),
             .extern_fn => return self.copyPayloadShallow(allocator, Payload.Decl),
diff --git a/src/zir.zig b/src/zir.zig
index 0593cbd8fd02..3fd2ac7c801b 100644
--- a/src/zir.zig
+++ b/src/zir.zig
@@ -25,12 +25,13 @@ pub const Decl = struct {
 
 /// These are instructions that correspond to the ZIR text format. See `ir.Inst` for
 /// in-memory, analyzed instructions with types and values.
+/// We use a table to map these instruction to their respective semantically analyzed
+/// instructions because it is possible to have multiple analyses on the same ZIR
+/// happening at the same time.
 pub const Inst = struct {
     tag: Tag,
     /// Byte offset into the source.
     src: usize,
-    /// Pre-allocated field for mapping ZIR text instructions to post-analysis instructions.
-    analyzed_inst: ?*ir.Inst = null,
 
     /// These names are used directly as the instruction names in the text format.
     pub const Tag = enum {
@@ -793,7 +794,9 @@ pub const Inst = struct {
             fn_type: *Inst,
             body: Module.Body,
         },
-        kw_args: struct {},
+        kw_args: struct {
+            is_inline: bool = false,
+        },
     };
 
     pub const FnType = struct {
@@ -1847,44 +1850,325 @@ pub fn emit(allocator: *Allocator, old_module: *IrModule) !Module {
 /// For debugging purposes, prints a function representation to stderr.
 pub fn dumpFn(old_module: IrModule, module_fn: *IrModule.Fn) void {
     const allocator = old_module.gpa;
-    var ctx: EmitZIR = .{
+    var ctx: DumpTzir = .{
         .allocator = allocator,
-        .decls = .{},
         .arena = std.heap.ArenaAllocator.init(allocator),
         .old_module = &old_module,
-        .next_auto_name = 0,
-        .names = std.StringArrayHashMap(void).init(allocator),
-        .primitive_table = std.AutoHashMap(Inst.Primitive.Builtin, *Decl).init(allocator),
-        .indent = 0,
-        .block_table = std.AutoHashMap(*ir.Inst.Block, *Inst.Block).init(allocator),
-        .loop_table = std.AutoHashMap(*ir.Inst.Loop, *Inst.Loop).init(allocator),
-        .metadata = std.AutoHashMap(*Inst, Module.MetaData).init(allocator),
-        .body_metadata = std.AutoHashMap(*Module.Body, Module.BodyMetaData).init(allocator),
+        .module_fn = module_fn,
+        .indent = 2,
+        .inst_table = DumpTzir.InstTable.init(allocator),
+        .partial_inst_table = DumpTzir.InstTable.init(allocator),
+        .const_table = DumpTzir.InstTable.init(allocator),
     };
-    defer ctx.metadata.deinit();
-    defer ctx.body_metadata.deinit();
-    defer ctx.block_table.deinit();
-    defer ctx.loop_table.deinit();
-    defer ctx.decls.deinit(allocator);
-    defer ctx.names.deinit();
-    defer ctx.primitive_table.deinit();
+    defer ctx.inst_table.deinit();
+    defer ctx.partial_inst_table.deinit();
+    defer ctx.const_table.deinit();
     defer ctx.arena.deinit();
 
-    const fn_ty = module_fn.owner_decl.typed_value.most_recent.typed_value.ty;
-    _ = ctx.emitFn(module_fn, 0, fn_ty) catch |err| {
-        std.debug.print("unable to dump function: {s}\n", .{@errorName(err)});
-        return;
-    };
-    var module = Module{
-        .decls = ctx.decls.items,
-        .arena = ctx.arena,
-        .metadata = ctx.metadata,
-        .body_metadata = ctx.body_metadata,
-    };
-
-    module.dump();
+    switch (module_fn.state) {
+        .queued => std.debug.print("(queued)", .{}),
+        .inline_only => std.debug.print("(inline_only)", .{}),
+        .in_progress => std.debug.print("(in_progress)", .{}),
+        .sema_failure => std.debug.print("(sema_failure)", .{}),
+        .dependency_failure => std.debug.print("(dependency_failure)", .{}),
+        .success => {
+            const writer = std.io.getStdErr().writer();
+            ctx.dump(module_fn.body, writer) catch @panic("failed to dump TZIR");
+        },
+    }
 }
 
+const DumpTzir = struct {
+    allocator: *Allocator,
+    arena: std.heap.ArenaAllocator,
+    old_module: *const IrModule,
+    module_fn: *IrModule.Fn,
+    indent: usize,
+    inst_table: InstTable,
+    partial_inst_table: InstTable,
+    const_table: InstTable,
+    next_index: usize = 0,
+    next_partial_index: usize = 0,
+    next_const_index: usize = 0,
+
+    const InstTable = std.AutoArrayHashMap(*ir.Inst, usize);
+
+    fn dump(dtz: *DumpTzir, body: ir.Body, writer: std.fs.File.Writer) !void {
+        // First pass to pre-populate the table so that we can show even invalid references.
+        // Must iterate the same order we iterate the second time.
+        // We also look for constants and put them in the const_table.
+        for (body.instructions) |inst| {
+            try dtz.inst_table.put(inst, dtz.next_index);
+            dtz.next_index += 1;
+            switch (inst.tag) {
+                .alloc,
+                .retvoid,
+                .unreach,
+                .breakpoint,
+                .dbg_stmt,
+                => {},
+
+                .ref,
+                .ret,
+                .bitcast,
+                .not,
+                .isnonnull,
+                .isnull,
+                .iserr,
+                .ptrtoint,
+                .floatcast,
+                .intcast,
+                .load,
+                .unwrap_optional,
+                .wrap_optional,
+                => {
+                    const un_op = inst.cast(ir.Inst.UnOp).?;
+                    try dtz.findConst(un_op.operand);
+                },
+
+                .add,
+                .sub,
+                .cmp_lt,
+                .cmp_lte,
+                .cmp_eq,
+                .cmp_gte,
+                .cmp_gt,
+                .cmp_neq,
+                .store,
+                .booland,
+                .boolor,
+                .bitand,
+                .bitor,
+                .xor,
+                => {
+                    const bin_op = inst.cast(ir.Inst.BinOp).?;
+                    try dtz.findConst(bin_op.lhs);
+                    try dtz.findConst(bin_op.rhs);
+                },
+
+                .arg => {},
+
+                .br => {
+                    const br = inst.castTag(.br).?;
+                    try dtz.findConst(&br.block.base);
+                    try dtz.findConst(br.operand);
+                },
+
+                .brvoid => {
+                    const brvoid = inst.castTag(.brvoid).?;
+                    try dtz.findConst(&brvoid.block.base);
+                },
+
+                // TODO fill out this debug printing
+                .assembly,
+                .block,
+                .call,
+                .condbr,
+                .constant,
+                .loop,
+                .varptr,
+                .switchbr,
+                => {},
+            }
+        }
+
+        std.debug.print("Module.Function(name={s}):\n", .{dtz.module_fn.owner_decl.name});
+
+        for (dtz.const_table.items()) |entry| {
+            const constant = entry.key.castTag(.constant).?;
+            try writer.print("  @{d}: {} = {};\n", .{
+                entry.value, constant.base.ty, constant.val,
+            });
+        }
+
+        return dtz.dumpBody(body, writer);
+    }
+
+    fn dumpBody(dtz: *DumpTzir, body: ir.Body, writer: std.fs.File.Writer) !void {
+        for (body.instructions) |inst| {
+            const my_index = dtz.next_partial_index;
+            try dtz.partial_inst_table.put(inst, my_index);
+            dtz.next_partial_index += 1;
+
+            try writer.writeByteNTimes(' ', dtz.indent);
+            try writer.print("%{d}: {} = {s}(", .{
+                my_index, inst.ty, @tagName(inst.tag),
+            });
+            switch (inst.tag) {
+                .alloc,
+                .retvoid,
+                .unreach,
+                .breakpoint,
+                .dbg_stmt,
+                => try writer.writeAll(")\n"),
+
+                .ref,
+                .ret,
+                .bitcast,
+                .not,
+                .isnonnull,
+                .isnull,
+                .iserr,
+                .ptrtoint,
+                .floatcast,
+                .intcast,
+                .load,
+                .unwrap_optional,
+                .wrap_optional,
+                => {
+                    const un_op = inst.cast(ir.Inst.UnOp).?;
+                    if (dtz.partial_inst_table.get(un_op.operand)) |operand_index| {
+                        try writer.print("%{d})\n", .{operand_index});
+                    } else if (dtz.const_table.get(un_op.operand)) |operand_index| {
+                        try writer.print("@{d})\n", .{operand_index});
+                    } else if (dtz.inst_table.get(un_op.operand)) |operand_index| {
+                        try writer.print("%{d}) // Instruction does not dominate all uses!\n", .{
+                            operand_index,
+                        });
+                    } else {
+                        try writer.writeAll("!BADREF!)\n");
+                    }
+                },
+
+                .add,
+                .sub,
+                .cmp_lt,
+                .cmp_lte,
+                .cmp_eq,
+                .cmp_gte,
+                .cmp_gt,
+                .cmp_neq,
+                .store,
+                .booland,
+                .boolor,
+                .bitand,
+                .bitor,
+                .xor,
+                => {
+                    var lhs_kinky: ?usize = null;
+                    var rhs_kinky: ?usize = null;
+
+                    const bin_op = inst.cast(ir.Inst.BinOp).?;
+                    if (dtz.partial_inst_table.get(bin_op.lhs)) |operand_index| {
+                        try writer.print("%{d}, ", .{operand_index});
+                    } else if (dtz.const_table.get(bin_op.lhs)) |operand_index| {
+                        try writer.print("@{d}, ", .{operand_index});
+                    } else if (dtz.inst_table.get(bin_op.lhs)) |operand_index| {
+                        lhs_kinky = operand_index;
+                        try writer.print("%{d}, ", .{operand_index});
+                    } else {
+                        try writer.writeAll("!BADREF!, ");
+                    }
+                    if (dtz.partial_inst_table.get(bin_op.rhs)) |operand_index| {
+                        try writer.print("%{d}", .{operand_index});
+                    } else if (dtz.const_table.get(bin_op.rhs)) |operand_index| {
+                        try writer.print("@{d}", .{operand_index});
+                    } else if (dtz.inst_table.get(bin_op.rhs)) |operand_index| {
+                        rhs_kinky = operand_index;
+                        try writer.print("%{d}", .{operand_index});
+                    } else {
+                        try writer.writeAll("!BADREF!");
+                    }
+                    if (lhs_kinky != null or rhs_kinky != null) {
+                        try writer.writeAll(") // Instruction does not dominate all uses!");
+                        if (lhs_kinky) |lhs| {
+                            try writer.print(" %{d}", .{lhs});
+                        }
+                        if (rhs_kinky) |rhs| {
+                            try writer.print(" %{d}", .{rhs});
+                        }
+                        try writer.writeAll("\n");
+                    } else {
+                        try writer.writeAll(")\n");
+                    }
+                },
+
+                .arg => {
+                    const arg = inst.castTag(.arg).?;
+                    try writer.print("{s})\n", .{arg.name});
+                },
+
+                .br => {
+                    const br = inst.castTag(.br).?;
+
+                    var lhs_kinky: ?usize = null;
+                    var rhs_kinky: ?usize = null;
+
+                    if (dtz.partial_inst_table.get(&br.block.base)) |operand_index| {
+                        try writer.print("%{d}, ", .{operand_index});
+                    } else if (dtz.const_table.get(&br.block.base)) |operand_index| {
+                        try writer.print("@{d}, ", .{operand_index});
+                    } else if (dtz.inst_table.get(&br.block.base)) |operand_index| {
+                        lhs_kinky = operand_index;
+                        try writer.print("%{d}, ", .{operand_index});
+                    } else {
+                        try writer.writeAll("!BADREF!, ");
+                    }
+
+                    if (dtz.partial_inst_table.get(br.operand)) |operand_index| {
+                        try writer.print("%{d}", .{operand_index});
+                    } else if (dtz.const_table.get(br.operand)) |operand_index| {
+                        try writer.print("@{d}", .{operand_index});
+                    } else if (dtz.inst_table.get(br.operand)) |operand_index| {
+                        rhs_kinky = operand_index;
+                        try writer.print("%{d}", .{operand_index});
+                    } else {
+                        try writer.writeAll("!BADREF!");
+                    }
+
+                    if (lhs_kinky != null or rhs_kinky != null) {
+                        try writer.writeAll(") // Instruction does not dominate all uses!");
+                        if (lhs_kinky) |lhs| {
+                            try writer.print(" %{d}", .{lhs});
+                        }
+                        if (rhs_kinky) |rhs| {
+                            try writer.print(" %{d}", .{rhs});
+                        }
+                        try writer.writeAll("\n");
+                    } else {
+                        try writer.writeAll(")\n");
+                    }
+                },
+
+                .brvoid => {
+                    const brvoid = inst.castTag(.brvoid).?;
+                    if (dtz.partial_inst_table.get(&brvoid.block.base)) |operand_index| {
+                        try writer.print("%{d})\n", .{operand_index});
+                    } else if (dtz.const_table.get(&brvoid.block.base)) |operand_index| {
+                        try writer.print("@{d})\n", .{operand_index});
+                    } else if (dtz.inst_table.get(&brvoid.block.base)) |operand_index| {
+                        try writer.print("%{d}) // Instruction does not dominate all uses!\n", .{
+                            operand_index,
+                        });
+                    } else {
+                        try writer.writeAll("!BADREF!)\n");
+                    }
+                },
+
+                // TODO fill out this debug printing
+                .assembly,
+                .block,
+                .call,
+                .condbr,
+                .constant,
+                .loop,
+                .varptr,
+                .switchbr,
+                => {
+                    try writer.writeAll("!TODO!)\n");
+                },
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn findConst(dtz: *DumpTzir, operand: *ir.Inst) !void {
+        if (operand.tag == .constant) {
+            try dtz.const_table.put(operand, dtz.next_const_index);
+            dtz.next_const_index += 1;
+        }
+    }
+};
+
 const EmitZIR = struct {
     allocator: *Allocator,
     arena: std.heap.ArenaAllocator,
@@ -2072,11 +2356,12 @@ const EmitZIR = struct {
         var instructions = std.ArrayList(*Inst).init(self.allocator);
         defer instructions.deinit();
 
-        switch (module_fn.analysis) {
+        switch (module_fn.state) {
             .queued => unreachable,
             .in_progress => unreachable,
-            .success => |body| {
-                try self.emitBody(body, &inst_table, &instructions);
+            .inline_only => unreachable,
+            .success => {
+                try self.emitBody(module_fn.body, &inst_table, &instructions);
             },
             .sema_failure => {
                 const err_msg = self.old_module.failed_decls.get(module_fn.owner_decl).?;
@@ -2154,7 +2439,9 @@ const EmitZIR = struct {
                 .fn_type = fn_type.inst,
                 .body = .{ .instructions = arena_instrs },
             },
-            .kw_args = .{},
+            .kw_args = .{
+                .is_inline = module_fn.state == .inline_only,
+            },
         };
         return self.emitUnnamedDecl(&fn_inst.base);
     }
diff --git a/src/zir_sema.zig b/src/zir_sema.zig
index f9cd0e1a3d01..a5627933e1b7 100644
--- a/src/zir_sema.zig
+++ b/src/zir_sema.zig
@@ -159,16 +159,11 @@ pub fn analyzeInst(mod: *Module, scope: *Scope, old_inst: *zir.Inst) InnerError!
     }
 }
 
-pub fn analyzeBody(mod: *Module, scope: *Scope, body: zir.Module.Body) !void {
-    for (body.instructions) |src_inst, i| {
-        const analyzed_inst = try analyzeInst(mod, scope, src_inst);
-        src_inst.analyzed_inst = analyzed_inst;
+pub fn analyzeBody(mod: *Module, block: *Scope.Block, body: zir.Module.Body) !void {
+    for (body.instructions) |src_inst| {
+        const analyzed_inst = try analyzeInst(mod, &block.base, src_inst);
+        try block.inst_table.putNoClobber(src_inst, analyzed_inst);
         if (analyzed_inst.ty.zigTypeTag() == .NoReturn) {
-            for (body.instructions[i..]) |unreachable_inst| {
-                if (unreachable_inst.castTag(.dbg_stmt)) |dbg_stmt| {
-                    return mod.fail(scope, dbg_stmt.base.src, "unreachable code", .{});
-                }
-            }
             break;
         }
     }
@@ -180,8 +175,8 @@ pub fn analyzeBodyValueAsType(
     zir_result_inst: *zir.Inst,
     body: zir.Module.Body,
 ) !Type {
-    try analyzeBody(mod, &block_scope.base, body);
-    const result_inst = zir_result_inst.analyzed_inst.?;
+    try analyzeBody(mod, block_scope, body);
+    const result_inst = block_scope.inst_table.get(zir_result_inst).?;
     const val = try mod.resolveConstValue(&block_scope.base, result_inst);
     return val.toType(block_scope.base.arena());
 }
@@ -264,30 +259,9 @@ fn resolveCompleteZirDecl(mod: *Module, scope: *Scope, src_decl: *zir.Decl) Inne
     return decl;
 }
 
-/// TODO Look into removing this function. The body is only needed for .zir files, not .zig files.
-pub fn resolveInst(mod: *Module, scope: *Scope, old_inst: *zir.Inst) InnerError!*Inst {
-    if (old_inst.analyzed_inst) |inst| return inst;
-
-    // If this assert trips, the instruction that was referenced did not get properly
-    // analyzed before it was referenced.
-    const zir_module = scope.namespace().cast(Scope.ZIRModule).?;
-    const entry = if (old_inst.cast(zir.Inst.DeclVal)) |declval| blk: {
-        const decl_name = declval.positionals.name;
-        const entry = zir_module.contents.module.findDecl(decl_name) orelse
-            return mod.fail(scope, old_inst.src, "decl '{s}' not found", .{decl_name});
-        break :blk entry;
-    } else blk: {
-        // If this assert trips, the instruction that was referenced did not get
-        // properly analyzed by a previous instruction analysis before it was
-        // referenced by the current one.
-        break :blk zir_module.contents.module.findInstDecl(old_inst).?;
-    };
-    const decl = try resolveCompleteZirDecl(mod, scope, entry.decl);
-    const decl_ref = try mod.analyzeDeclRef(scope, old_inst.src, decl);
-    // Note: it would be tempting here to store the result into old_inst.analyzed_inst field,
-    // but this would prevent the analyzeDeclRef from happening, which is needed to properly
-    // detect Decl dependencies and dependency failures on updates.
-    return mod.analyzeDeref(scope, old_inst.src, decl_ref, old_inst.src);
+pub fn resolveInst(mod: *Module, scope: *Scope, zir_inst: *zir.Inst) InnerError!*Inst {
+    const block = scope.cast(Scope.Block).?;
+    return block.inst_table.get(zir_inst).?; // Instruction does not dominate all uses!
 }
 
 fn resolveConstString(mod: *Module, scope: *Scope, old_inst: *zir.Inst) ![]u8 {
@@ -575,7 +549,12 @@ fn analyzeInstCompileError(mod: *Module, scope: *Scope, inst: *zir.Inst.UnOp) In
 }
 
 fn analyzeInstArg(mod: *Module, scope: *Scope, inst: *zir.Inst.Arg) InnerError!*Inst {
-    const b = try mod.requireRuntimeBlock(scope, inst.base.src);
+    const b = try mod.requireFunctionBlock(scope, inst.base.src);
+    if (b.inlining) |inlining| {
+        const param_index = inlining.param_index;
+        inlining.param_index += 1;
+        return inlining.casted_args[param_index];
+    }
     const fn_ty = b.func.?.owner_decl.typed_value.most_recent.typed_value.ty;
     const param_index = b.instructions.items.len;
     const param_count = fn_ty.fnParamLen();
@@ -608,15 +587,17 @@ fn analyzeInstLoop(mod: *Module, scope: *Scope, inst: *zir.Inst.Loop) InnerError
 
     var child_block: Scope.Block = .{
         .parent = parent_block,
+        .inst_table = parent_block.inst_table,
         .func = parent_block.func,
         .decl = parent_block.decl,
         .instructions = .{},
         .arena = parent_block.arena,
+        .inlining = parent_block.inlining,
         .is_comptime = parent_block.is_comptime,
     };
     defer child_block.instructions.deinit(mod.gpa);
 
-    try analyzeBody(mod, &child_block.base, inst.positionals.body);
+    try analyzeBody(mod, &child_block, inst.positionals.body);
 
     // Loop repetition is implied so the last instruction may or may not be a noreturn instruction.
 
@@ -630,16 +611,18 @@ fn analyzeInstBlockFlat(mod: *Module, scope: *Scope, inst: *zir.Inst.Block, is_c
 
     var child_block: Scope.Block = .{
         .parent = parent_block,
+        .inst_table = parent_block.inst_table,
         .func = parent_block.func,
         .decl = parent_block.decl,
         .instructions = .{},
         .arena = parent_block.arena,
         .label = null,
+        .inlining = parent_block.inlining,
         .is_comptime = parent_block.is_comptime or is_comptime,
     };
     defer child_block.instructions.deinit(mod.gpa);
 
-    try analyzeBody(mod, &child_block.base, inst.positionals.body);
+    try analyzeBody(mod, &child_block, inst.positionals.body);
 
     try parent_block.instructions.appendSlice(mod.gpa, child_block.instructions.items);
 
@@ -668,6 +651,7 @@ fn analyzeInstBlock(mod: *Module, scope: *Scope, inst: *zir.Inst.Block, is_compt
 
     var child_block: Scope.Block = .{
         .parent = parent_block,
+        .inst_table = parent_block.inst_table,
         .func = parent_block.func,
         .decl = parent_block.decl,
         .instructions = .{},
@@ -675,38 +659,53 @@ fn analyzeInstBlock(mod: *Module, scope: *Scope, inst: *zir.Inst.Block, is_compt
         // TODO @as here is working around a stage1 miscompilation bug :(
         .label = @as(?Scope.Block.Label, Scope.Block.Label{
             .zir_block = inst,
-            .results = .{},
-            .block_inst = block_inst,
+            .merges = .{
+                .results = .{},
+                .block_inst = block_inst,
+            },
         }),
+        .inlining = parent_block.inlining,
         .is_comptime = is_comptime or parent_block.is_comptime,
     };
-    const label = &child_block.label.?;
+    const merges = &child_block.label.?.merges;
 
     defer child_block.instructions.deinit(mod.gpa);
-    defer label.results.deinit(mod.gpa);
+    defer merges.results.deinit(mod.gpa);
 
-    try analyzeBody(mod, &child_block.base, inst.positionals.body);
+    try analyzeBody(mod, &child_block, inst.positionals.body);
+
+    return analyzeBlockBody(mod, scope, &child_block, merges);
+}
+
+fn analyzeBlockBody(
+    mod: *Module,
+    scope: *Scope,
+    child_block: *Scope.Block,
+    merges: *Scope.Block.Merges,
+) InnerError!*Inst {
+    const parent_block = scope.cast(Scope.Block).?;
 
     // Blocks must terminate with noreturn instruction.
     assert(child_block.instructions.items.len != 0);
     assert(child_block.instructions.items[child_block.instructions.items.len - 1].ty.isNoReturn());
 
-    if (label.results.items.len == 0) {
-        // No need for a block instruction. We can put the new instructions directly into the parent block.
+    if (merges.results.items.len == 0) {
+        // No need for a block instruction. We can put the new instructions
+        // directly into the parent block.
         const copied_instructions = try parent_block.arena.dupe(*Inst, child_block.instructions.items);
         try parent_block.instructions.appendSlice(mod.gpa, copied_instructions);
         return copied_instructions[copied_instructions.len - 1];
     }
-    if (label.results.items.len == 1) {
+    if (merges.results.items.len == 1) {
         const last_inst_index = child_block.instructions.items.len - 1;
         const last_inst = child_block.instructions.items[last_inst_index];
         if (last_inst.breakBlock()) |br_block| {
-            if (br_block == block_inst) {
+            if (br_block == merges.block_inst) {
                 // No need for a block instruction. We can put the new instructions directly into the parent block.
                 // Here we omit the break instruction.
                 const copied_instructions = try parent_block.arena.dupe(*Inst, child_block.instructions.items[0..last_inst_index]);
                 try parent_block.instructions.appendSlice(mod.gpa, copied_instructions);
-                return label.results.items[0];
+                return merges.results.items[0];
             }
         }
     }
@@ -715,10 +714,10 @@ fn analyzeInstBlock(mod: *Module, scope: *Scope, inst: *zir.Inst.Block, is_compt
 
     // Need to set the type and emit the Block instruction. This allows machine code generation
     // to emit a jump instruction to after the block when it encounters the break.
-    try parent_block.instructions.append(mod.gpa, &block_inst.base);
-    block_inst.base.ty = try mod.resolvePeerTypes(scope, label.results.items);
-    block_inst.body = .{ .instructions = try parent_block.arena.dupe(*Inst, child_block.instructions.items) };
-    return &block_inst.base;
+    try parent_block.instructions.append(mod.gpa, &merges.block_inst.base);
+    merges.block_inst.base.ty = try mod.resolvePeerTypes(scope, merges.results.items);
+    merges.block_inst.body = .{ .instructions = try parent_block.arena.dupe(*Inst, child_block.instructions.items) };
+    return &merges.block_inst.base;
 }
 
 fn analyzeInstBreakpoint(mod: *Module, scope: *Scope, inst: *zir.Inst.NoOp) InnerError!*Inst {
@@ -826,28 +825,108 @@ fn analyzeInstCall(mod: *Module, scope: *Scope, inst: *zir.Inst.Call) InnerError
 
     const ret_type = func.ty.fnReturnType();
 
-    const b = try mod.requireRuntimeBlock(scope, inst.base.src);
+    const b = try mod.requireFunctionBlock(scope, inst.base.src);
+    const is_comptime_call = b.is_comptime or inst.kw_args.modifier == .compile_time;
+    const is_inline_call = is_comptime_call or inst.kw_args.modifier == .always_inline or blk: {
+        // This logic will get simplified by
+        // https://github.com/ziglang/zig/issues/6429
+        if (try mod.resolveDefinedValue(scope, func)) |func_val| {
+            const module_fn = switch (func_val.tag()) {
+                .function => func_val.castTag(.function).?.data,
+                else => break :blk false,
+            };
+            break :blk module_fn.state == .inline_only;
+        }
+        break :blk false;
+    };
+    if (is_inline_call) {
+        const func_val = try mod.resolveConstValue(scope, func);
+        const module_fn = switch (func_val.tag()) {
+            .function => func_val.castTag(.function).?.data,
+            .extern_fn => return mod.fail(scope, inst.base.src, "{s} call of extern function", .{
+                @as([]const u8, if (is_comptime_call) "comptime" else "inline"),
+            }),
+            else => unreachable,
+        };
+
+        // Analyze the ZIR. The same ZIR gets analyzed into a runtime function
+        // or an inlined call depending on what union tag the `label` field is
+        // set to in the `Scope.Block`.
+        // This block instruction will be used to capture the return value from the
+        // inlined function.
+        const block_inst = try scope.arena().create(Inst.Block);
+        block_inst.* = .{
+            .base = .{
+                .tag = Inst.Block.base_tag,
+                .ty = ret_type,
+                .src = inst.base.src,
+            },
+            .body = undefined,
+        };
+        // If this is the top of the inline/comptime call stack, we use this data.
+        // Otherwise we pass on the shared data from the parent scope.
+        var shared_inlining = Scope.Block.Inlining.Shared{
+            .branch_count = 0,
+            .branch_quota = 1000,
+            .caller = b.func,
+        };
+        // This one is shared among sub-blocks within the same callee, but not
+        // shared among the entire inline/comptime call stack.
+        var inlining = Scope.Block.Inlining{
+            .shared = if (b.inlining) |inlining| inlining.shared else &shared_inlining,
+            .param_index = 0,
+            .casted_args = casted_args,
+            .merges = .{
+                .results = .{},
+                .block_inst = block_inst,
+            },
+        };
+        var inst_table = Scope.Block.InstTable.init(mod.gpa);
+        defer inst_table.deinit();
+
+        var child_block: Scope.Block = .{
+            .parent = null,
+            .inst_table = &inst_table,
+            .func = module_fn,
+            // Note that we pass the caller's Decl, not the callee. This causes
+            // compile errors to be attached (correctly) to the caller's Decl.
+            .decl = scope.decl().?,
+            .instructions = .{},
+            .arena = scope.arena(),
+            .label = null,
+            .inlining = &inlining,
+            .is_comptime = is_comptime_call,
+        };
+        const merges = &child_block.inlining.?.merges;
+
+        defer child_block.instructions.deinit(mod.gpa);
+        defer merges.results.deinit(mod.gpa);
+
+        try mod.emitBackwardBranch(&child_block, inst.base.src);
+
+        // This will have return instructions analyzed as break instructions to
+        // the block_inst above.
+        try analyzeBody(mod, &child_block, module_fn.zir);
+
+        const result = try analyzeBlockBody(mod, scope, &child_block, merges);
+        if (result.castTag(.constant)) |constant| {
+            log.debug("inline call resulted in {}", .{constant.val});
+        } else {
+            log.debug("inline call resulted in {}", .{result});
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
     return mod.addCall(b, inst.base.src, ret_type, func, casted_args);
 }
 
 fn analyzeInstFn(mod: *Module, scope: *Scope, fn_inst: *zir.Inst.Fn) InnerError!*Inst {
     const fn_type = try resolveType(mod, scope, fn_inst.positionals.fn_type);
-    const fn_zir = blk: {
-        var fn_arena = std.heap.ArenaAllocator.init(mod.gpa);
-        errdefer fn_arena.deinit();
-
-        const fn_zir = try scope.arena().create(Module.Fn.ZIR);
-        fn_zir.* = .{
-            .body = .{
-                .instructions = fn_inst.positionals.body.instructions,
-            },
-            .arena = fn_arena.state,
-        };
-        break :blk fn_zir;
-    };
     const new_func = try scope.arena().create(Module.Fn);
     new_func.* = .{
-        .analysis = .{ .queued = fn_zir },
+        .state = if (fn_inst.kw_args.is_inline) .inline_only else .queued,
+        .zir = fn_inst.positionals.body,
+        .body = undefined,
         .owner_decl = scope.decl().?,
     };
     return mod.constInst(scope, fn_inst.base.src, .{
@@ -1312,17 +1391,17 @@ fn analyzeInstSwitchBr(mod: *Module, scope: *Scope, inst: *zir.Inst.SwitchBr) In
             const item = try mod.resolveConstValue(scope, casted);
 
             if (target_val.eql(item)) {
-                try analyzeBody(mod, scope, case.body);
+                try analyzeBody(mod, scope.cast(Scope.Block).?, case.body);
                 return mod.constNoReturn(scope, inst.base.src);
             }
         }
-        try analyzeBody(mod, scope, inst.positionals.else_body);
+        try analyzeBody(mod, scope.cast(Scope.Block).?, inst.positionals.else_body);
         return mod.constNoReturn(scope, inst.base.src);
     }
 
     if (inst.positionals.cases.len == 0) {
         // no cases just analyze else_branch
-        try analyzeBody(mod, scope, inst.positionals.else_body);
+        try analyzeBody(mod, scope.cast(Scope.Block).?, inst.positionals.else_body);
         return mod.constNoReturn(scope, inst.base.src);
     }
 
@@ -1331,10 +1410,12 @@ fn analyzeInstSwitchBr(mod: *Module, scope: *Scope, inst: *zir.Inst.SwitchBr) In
 
     var case_block: Scope.Block = .{
         .parent = parent_block,
+        .inst_table = parent_block.inst_table,
         .func = parent_block.func,
         .decl = parent_block.decl,
         .instructions = .{},
         .arena = parent_block.arena,
+        .inlining = parent_block.inlining,
         .is_comptime = parent_block.is_comptime,
     };
     defer case_block.instructions.deinit(mod.gpa);
@@ -1347,7 +1428,7 @@ fn analyzeInstSwitchBr(mod: *Module, scope: *Scope, inst: *zir.Inst.SwitchBr) In
         const casted = try mod.coerce(scope, target.ty, resolved);
         const item = try mod.resolveConstValue(scope, casted);
 
-        try analyzeBody(mod, &case_block.base, case.body);
+        try analyzeBody(mod, &case_block, case.body);
 
         cases[i] = .{
             .item = item,
@@ -1356,7 +1437,7 @@ fn analyzeInstSwitchBr(mod: *Module, scope: *Scope, inst: *zir.Inst.SwitchBr) In
     }
 
     case_block.instructions.items.len = 0;
-    try analyzeBody(mod, &case_block.base, inst.positionals.else_body);
+    try analyzeBody(mod, &case_block, inst.positionals.else_body);
 
     const else_body: ir.Body = .{
         .instructions = try parent_block.arena.dupe(*Inst, case_block.instructions.items),
@@ -1509,7 +1590,7 @@ fn analyzeInstImport(mod: *Module, scope: *Scope, inst: *zir.Inst.UnOp) InnerErr
             return mod.fail(scope, inst.base.src, "unable to find '{s}'", .{operand});
         },
         else => {
-            // TODO user friendly error to string
+            // TODO: make sure this gets retried and not cached
             return mod.fail(scope, inst.base.src, "unable to open '{s}': {s}", .{ operand, @errorName(err) });
         },
     };
@@ -1674,24 +1755,26 @@ fn analyzeInstComptimeOp(mod: *Module, scope: *Scope, res_type: Type, inst: *zir
     }
     const is_int = res_type.isInt() or res_type.zigTypeTag() == .ComptimeInt;
 
-    const value = try switch (inst.base.tag) {
+    const value = switch (inst.base.tag) {
         .add => blk: {
             const val = if (is_int)
-                Module.intAdd(scope.arena(), lhs_val, rhs_val)
+                try Module.intAdd(scope.arena(), lhs_val, rhs_val)
             else
-                mod.floatAdd(scope, res_type, inst.base.src, lhs_val, rhs_val);
+                try mod.floatAdd(scope, res_type, inst.base.src, lhs_val, rhs_val);
             break :blk val;
         },
         .sub => blk: {
             const val = if (is_int)
-                Module.intSub(scope.arena(), lhs_val, rhs_val)
+                try Module.intSub(scope.arena(), lhs_val, rhs_val)
             else
-                mod.floatSub(scope, res_type, inst.base.src, lhs_val, rhs_val);
+                try mod.floatSub(scope, res_type, inst.base.src, lhs_val, rhs_val);
             break :blk val;
         },
         else => return mod.fail(scope, inst.base.src, "TODO Implement arithmetic operand '{s}'", .{@tagName(inst.base.tag)}),
     };
 
+    log.debug("{s}({}, {}) result: {}", .{ @tagName(inst.base.tag), lhs_val, rhs_val, value });
+
     return mod.constInst(scope, inst.base.src, .{
         .ty = res_type,
         .val = value,
@@ -1860,35 +1943,39 @@ fn analyzeInstCondBr(mod: *Module, scope: *Scope, inst: *zir.Inst.CondBr) InnerE
     const uncasted_cond = try resolveInst(mod, scope, inst.positionals.condition);
     const cond = try mod.coerce(scope, Type.initTag(.bool), uncasted_cond);
 
+    const parent_block = scope.cast(Scope.Block).?;
+
     if (try mod.resolveDefinedValue(scope, cond)) |cond_val| {
         const body = if (cond_val.toBool()) &inst.positionals.then_body else &inst.positionals.else_body;
-        try analyzeBody(mod, scope, body.*);
+        try analyzeBody(mod, parent_block, body.*);
         return mod.constNoReturn(scope, inst.base.src);
     }
 
-    const parent_block = try mod.requireRuntimeBlock(scope, inst.base.src);
-
     var true_block: Scope.Block = .{
         .parent = parent_block,
+        .inst_table = parent_block.inst_table,
         .func = parent_block.func,
         .decl = parent_block.decl,
         .instructions = .{},
         .arena = parent_block.arena,
+        .inlining = parent_block.inlining,
         .is_comptime = parent_block.is_comptime,
     };
     defer true_block.instructions.deinit(mod.gpa);
-    try analyzeBody(mod, &true_block.base, inst.positionals.then_body);
+    try analyzeBody(mod, &true_block, inst.positionals.then_body);
 
     var false_block: Scope.Block = .{
         .parent = parent_block,
+        .inst_table = parent_block.inst_table,
         .func = parent_block.func,
         .decl = parent_block.decl,
         .instructions = .{},
         .arena = parent_block.arena,
+        .inlining = parent_block.inlining,
         .is_comptime = parent_block.is_comptime,
     };
     defer false_block.instructions.deinit(mod.gpa);
-    try analyzeBody(mod, &false_block.base, inst.positionals.else_body);
+    try analyzeBody(mod, &false_block, inst.positionals.else_body);
 
     const then_body: ir.Body = .{ .instructions = try scope.arena().dupe(*Inst, true_block.instructions.items) };
     const else_body: ir.Body = .{ .instructions = try scope.arena().dupe(*Inst, false_block.instructions.items) };
@@ -1912,12 +1999,26 @@ fn analyzeInstUnreachable(
 
 fn analyzeInstRet(mod: *Module, scope: *Scope, inst: *zir.Inst.UnOp) InnerError!*Inst {
     const operand = try resolveInst(mod, scope, inst.positionals.operand);
-    const b = try mod.requireRuntimeBlock(scope, inst.base.src);
+    const b = try mod.requireFunctionBlock(scope, inst.base.src);
+
+    if (b.inlining) |inlining| {
+        // We are inlining a function call; rewrite the `ret` as a `break`.
+        try inlining.merges.results.append(mod.gpa, operand);
+        return mod.addBr(b, inst.base.src, inlining.merges.block_inst, operand);
+    }
+
     return mod.addUnOp(b, inst.base.src, Type.initTag(.noreturn), .ret, operand);
 }
 
 fn analyzeInstRetVoid(mod: *Module, scope: *Scope, inst: *zir.Inst.NoOp) InnerError!*Inst {
-    const b = try mod.requireRuntimeBlock(scope, inst.base.src);
+    const b = try mod.requireFunctionBlock(scope, inst.base.src);
+    if (b.inlining) |inlining| {
+        // We are inlining a function call; rewrite the `retvoid` as a `breakvoid`.
+        const void_inst = try mod.constVoid(scope, inst.base.src);
+        try inlining.merges.results.append(mod.gpa, void_inst);
+        return mod.addBr(b, inst.base.src, inlining.merges.block_inst, void_inst);
+    }
+
     if (b.func) |func| {
         // Need to emit a compile error if returning void is not allowed.
         const void_inst = try mod.constVoid(scope, inst.base.src);
@@ -1949,9 +2050,9 @@ fn analyzeBreak(
     while (opt_block) |block| {
         if (block.label) |*label| {
             if (label.zir_block == zir_block) {
-                try label.results.append(mod.gpa, operand);
-                const b = try mod.requireRuntimeBlock(scope, src);
-                return mod.addBr(b, src, label.block_inst, operand);
+                try label.merges.results.append(mod.gpa, operand);
+                const b = try mod.requireFunctionBlock(scope, src);
+                return mod.addBr(b, src, label.merges.block_inst, operand);
             }
         }
         opt_block = block.parent;
diff --git a/test/stage2/test.zig b/test/stage2/test.zig
index 93a8037064c6..9a74e9ee09a5 100644
--- a/test/stage2/test.zig
+++ b/test/stage2/test.zig
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ const wasi = std.zig.CrossTarget{
 };
 
 pub fn addCases(ctx: *TestContext) !void {
-    try @import("zir.zig").addCases(ctx);
     try @import("cbe.zig").addCases(ctx);
     try @import("spu-ii.zig").addCases(ctx);
     try @import("arm.zig").addCases(ctx);
@@ -318,7 +317,7 @@ pub fn addCases(ctx: *TestContext) !void {
     }
 
     {
-        var case = ctx.exe("adding numbers at runtime", linux_x64);
+        var case = ctx.exe("adding numbers at runtime and comptime", linux_x64);
         case.addCompareOutput(
             \\export fn _start() noreturn {
             \\    add(3, 4);
@@ -342,6 +341,54 @@ pub fn addCases(ctx: *TestContext) !void {
         ,
             "",
         );
+        // comptime function call
+        case.addCompareOutput(
+            \\export fn _start() noreturn {
+            \\    exit();
+            \\}
+            \\
+            \\fn add(a: u32, b: u32) u32 {
+            \\    return a + b;
+            \\}
+            \\
+            \\const x = add(3, 4);
+            \\
+            \\fn exit() noreturn {
+            \\    asm volatile ("syscall"
+            \\        :
+            \\        : [number] "{rax}" (231),
+            \\          [arg1] "{rdi}" (x - 7)
+            \\        : "rcx", "r11", "memory"
+            \\    );
+            \\    unreachable;
+            \\}
+        ,
+            "",
+        );
+        // Inline function call
+        case.addCompareOutput(
+            \\export fn _start() noreturn {
+            \\    var x: usize = 3;
+            \\    const y = add(1, 2, x);
+            \\    exit(y - 6);
+            \\}
+            \\
+            \\inline fn add(a: usize, b: usize, c: usize) usize {
+            \\    return a + b + c;
+            \\}
+            \\
+            \\fn exit(code: usize) noreturn {
+            \\    asm volatile ("syscall"
+            \\        :
+            \\        : [number] "{rax}" (231),
+            \\          [arg1] "{rdi}" (code)
+            \\        : "rcx", "r11", "memory"
+            \\    );
+            \\    unreachable;
+            \\}
+        ,
+            "",
+        );
     }
 
     {
@@ -1331,4 +1378,102 @@ pub fn addCases(ctx: *TestContext) !void {
             \\}
         , &[_][]const u8{":2:9: error: variable of type '@Type(.Null)' must be const or comptime"});
     }
+
+    {
+        var case = ctx.exe("compile error in inline fn call fixed", linux_x64);
+        case.addError(
+            \\export fn _start() noreturn {
+            \\    var x: usize = 3;
+            \\    const y = add(10, 2, x);
+            \\    exit(y - 6);
+            \\}
+            \\
+            \\inline fn add(a: usize, b: usize, c: usize) usize {
+            \\    if (a == 10) @compileError("bad");
+            \\    return a + b + c;
+            \\}
+            \\
+            \\fn exit(code: usize) noreturn {
+            \\    asm volatile ("syscall"
+            \\        :
+            \\        : [number] "{rax}" (231),
+            \\          [arg1] "{rdi}" (code)
+            \\        : "rcx", "r11", "memory"
+            \\    );
+            \\    unreachable;
+            \\}
+        , &[_][]const u8{":8:18: error: bad"});
+
+        case.addCompareOutput(
+            \\export fn _start() noreturn {
+            \\    var x: usize = 3;
+            \\    const y = add(1, 2, x);
+            \\    exit(y - 6);
+            \\}
+            \\
+            \\inline fn add(a: usize, b: usize, c: usize) usize {
+            \\    if (a == 10) @compileError("bad");
+            \\    return a + b + c;
+            \\}
+            \\
+            \\fn exit(code: usize) noreturn {
+            \\    asm volatile ("syscall"
+            \\        :
+            \\        : [number] "{rax}" (231),
+            \\          [arg1] "{rdi}" (code)
+            \\        : "rcx", "r11", "memory"
+            \\    );
+            \\    unreachable;
+            \\}
+        ,
+            "",
+        );
+    }
+    {
+        var case = ctx.exe("recursive inline function", linux_x64);
+        case.addCompareOutput(
+            \\export fn _start() noreturn {
+            \\    const y = fibonacci(7);
+            \\    exit(y - 21);
+            \\}
+            \\
+            \\inline fn fibonacci(n: usize) usize {
+            \\    if (n <= 2) return n;
+            \\    return fibonacci(n - 2) + fibonacci(n - 1);
+            \\}
+            \\
+            \\fn exit(code: usize) noreturn {
+            \\    asm volatile ("syscall"
+            \\        :
+            \\        : [number] "{rax}" (231),
+            \\          [arg1] "{rdi}" (code)
+            \\        : "rcx", "r11", "memory"
+            \\    );
+            \\    unreachable;
+            \\}
+        ,
+            "",
+        );
+        case.addError(
+            \\export fn _start() noreturn {
+            \\    const y = fibonacci(999);
+            \\    exit(y - 21);
+            \\}
+            \\
+            \\inline fn fibonacci(n: usize) usize {
+            \\    if (n <= 2) return n;
+            \\    return fibonacci(n - 2) + fibonacci(n - 1);
+            \\}
+            \\
+            \\fn exit(code: usize) noreturn {
+            \\    asm volatile ("syscall"
+            \\        :
+            \\        : [number] "{rax}" (231),
+            \\          [arg1] "{rdi}" (code)
+            \\        : "rcx", "r11", "memory"
+            \\    );
+            \\    unreachable;
+            \\}
+        , &[_][]const u8{":8:10: error: evaluation exceeded 1000 backwards branches"});
+    }
 }
diff --git a/test/stage2/zir.zig b/test/stage2/zir.zig
deleted file mode 100644
index da4038e79219..000000000000
--- a/test/stage2/zir.zig
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,316 +0,0 @@
-const std = @import("std");
-const TestContext = @import("../../src/test.zig").TestContext;
-// self-hosted does not yet support PE executable files / COFF object files
-// or mach-o files. So we do the ZIR transform test cases cross compiling for
-// x86_64-linux.
-const linux_x64 = std.zig.CrossTarget{
-    .cpu_arch = .x86_64,
-    .os_tag = .linux,
-};
-
-pub fn addCases(ctx: *TestContext) !void {
-    ctx.transformZIR("referencing decls which appear later in the file", linux_x64,
-        \\@void = primitive(void)
-        \\@fnty = fntype([], @void, cc=C)
-        \\
-        \\@9 = str("entry")
-        \\@11 = export(@9, "entry")
-        \\
-        \\@entry = fn(@fnty, {
-        \\  %11 = returnvoid()
-        \\})
-    ,
-        \\@void = primitive(void)
-        \\@fnty = fntype([], @void, cc=C)
-        \\@9 = declref("9__anon_0")
-        \\@9__anon_0 = str("entry")
-        \\@unnamed$4 = str("entry")
-        \\@unnamed$5 = export(@unnamed$4, "entry")
-        \\@11 = primitive(void_value)
-        \\@unnamed$7 = fntype([], @void, cc=C)
-        \\@entry = fn(@unnamed$7, {
-        \\  %0 = returnvoid() ; deaths=0b1000000000000000
-        \\})
-        \\
-    );
-    ctx.transformZIR("elemptr, add, cmp, condbr, return, breakpoint", linux_x64,
-        \\@void = primitive(void)
-        \\@usize = primitive(usize)
-        \\@fnty = fntype([], @void, cc=C)
-        \\@0 = int(0)
-        \\@1 = int(1)
-        \\@2 = int(2)
-        \\@3 = int(3)
-        \\
-        \\@entry = fn(@fnty, {
-        \\  %a = str("\x32\x08\x01\x0a")
-        \\  %a_ref = ref(%a)
-        \\  %eptr0 = elemptr(%a_ref, @0)
-        \\  %eptr1 = elemptr(%a_ref, @1)
-        \\  %eptr2 = elemptr(%a_ref, @2)
-        \\  %eptr3 = elemptr(%a_ref, @3)
-        \\  %v0 = deref(%eptr0)
-        \\  %v1 = deref(%eptr1)
-        \\  %v2 = deref(%eptr2)
-        \\  %v3 = deref(%eptr3)
-        \\  %x0 = add(%v0, %v1)
-        \\  %x1 = add(%v2, %v3)
-        \\  %result = add(%x0, %x1)
-        \\
-        \\  %expected = int(69)
-        \\  %ok = cmp_eq(%result, %expected)
-        \\  %10 = condbr(%ok, {
-        \\    %11 = returnvoid()
-        \\  }, {
-        \\    %12 = breakpoint()
-        \\  })
-        \\})
-        \\
-        \\@9 = str("entry")
-        \\@11 = export(@9, "entry")
-    ,
-        \\@void = primitive(void)
-        \\@fnty = fntype([], @void, cc=C)
-        \\@0 = int(0)
-        \\@1 = int(1)
-        \\@2 = int(2)
-        \\@3 = int(3)
-        \\@unnamed$6 = fntype([], @void, cc=C)
-        \\@entry = fn(@unnamed$6, {
-        \\  %0 = returnvoid() ; deaths=0b1000000000000000
-        \\})
-        \\@entry__anon_1 = str("2\x08\x01\n")
-        \\@9 = declref("9__anon_0")
-        \\@9__anon_0 = str("entry")
-        \\@unnamed$11 = str("entry")
-        \\@unnamed$12 = export(@unnamed$11, "entry")
-        \\@11 = primitive(void_value)
-        \\
-    );
-
-    {
-        var case = ctx.objZIR("reference cycle with compile error in the cycle", linux_x64);
-        case.addTransform(
-            \\@void = primitive(void)
-            \\@fnty = fntype([], @void, cc=C)
-            \\
-            \\@9 = str("entry")
-            \\@11 = export(@9, "entry")
-            \\
-            \\@entry = fn(@fnty, {
-            \\  %0 = call(@a, [])
-            \\  %1 = returnvoid()
-            \\})
-            \\
-            \\@a = fn(@fnty, {
-            \\  %0 = call(@b, [])
-            \\  %1 = returnvoid()
-            \\})
-            \\
-            \\@b = fn(@fnty, {
-            \\  %0 = call(@a, [])
-            \\  %1 = returnvoid()
-            \\})
-        ,
-            \\@void = primitive(void)
-            \\@fnty = fntype([], @void, cc=C)
-            \\@9 = declref("9__anon_0")
-            \\@9__anon_0 = str("entry")
-            \\@unnamed$4 = str("entry")
-            \\@unnamed$5 = export(@unnamed$4, "entry")
-            \\@11 = primitive(void_value)
-            \\@unnamed$7 = fntype([], @void, cc=C)
-            \\@entry = fn(@unnamed$7, {
-            \\  %0 = call(@a, [], modifier=auto) ; deaths=0b1000000000000001
-            \\  %1 = returnvoid() ; deaths=0b1000000000000000
-            \\})
-            \\@unnamed$9 = fntype([], @void, cc=C)
-            \\@a = fn(@unnamed$9, {
-            \\  %0 = call(@b, [], modifier=auto) ; deaths=0b1000000000000001
-            \\  %1 = returnvoid() ; deaths=0b1000000000000000
-            \\})
-            \\@unnamed$11 = fntype([], @void, cc=C)
-            \\@b = fn(@unnamed$11, {
-            \\  %0 = call(@a, [], modifier=auto) ; deaths=0b1000000000000001
-            \\  %1 = returnvoid() ; deaths=0b1000000000000000
-            \\})
-            \\
-        );
-        // Now we introduce a compile error
-        case.addError(
-            \\@void = primitive(void)
-            \\@fnty = fntype([], @void, cc=C)
-            \\
-            \\@9 = str("entry")
-            \\@11 = export(@9, "entry")
-            \\
-            \\@entry = fn(@fnty, {
-            \\  %0 = call(@a, [])
-            \\  %1 = returnvoid()
-            \\})
-            \\
-            \\@a = fn(@fnty, {
-            \\  %0 = call(@c, [])
-            \\  %1 = returnvoid()
-            \\})
-            \\
-            \\@b = str("message")
-            \\
-            \\@c = fn(@fnty, {
-            \\  %9 = compileerror(@b)
-            \\  %0 = call(@a, [])
-            \\  %1 = returnvoid()
-            \\})
-        ,
-            &[_][]const u8{
-                ":20:21: error: message",
-            },
-        );
-        // Now we remove the call to `a`. `a` and `b` form a cycle, but no entry points are
-        // referencing either of them. This tests that the cycle is detected, and the error
-        // goes away.
-        case.addTransform(
-            \\@void = primitive(void)
-            \\@fnty = fntype([], @void, cc=C)
-            \\
-            \\@9 = str("entry")
-            \\@11 = export(@9, "entry")
-            \\
-            \\@entry = fn(@fnty, {
-            \\  %0 = returnvoid()
-            \\})
-            \\
-            \\@a = fn(@fnty, {
-            \\  %0 = call(@c, [])
-            \\  %1 = returnvoid()
-            \\})
-            \\
-            \\@b = str("message")
-            \\
-            \\@c = fn(@fnty, {
-            \\  %9 = compileerror(@b)
-            \\  %0 = call(@a, [])
-            \\  %1 = returnvoid()
-            \\})
-        ,
-            \\@void = primitive(void)
-            \\@fnty = fntype([], @void, cc=C)
-            \\@9 = declref("9__anon_3")
-            \\@9__anon_3 = str("entry")
-            \\@unnamed$4 = str("entry")
-            \\@unnamed$5 = export(@unnamed$4, "entry")
-            \\@11 = primitive(void_value)
-            \\@unnamed$7 = fntype([], @void, cc=C)
-            \\@entry = fn(@unnamed$7, {
-            \\  %0 = returnvoid() ; deaths=0b1000000000000000
-            \\})
-            \\
-        );
-    }
-
-    if (std.Target.current.os.tag != .linux or
-        std.Target.current.cpu.arch != .x86_64)
-    {
-        // TODO implement self-hosted PE (.exe file) linking
-        // TODO implement more ZIR so we don't depend on x86_64-linux
-        return;
-    }
-
-    ctx.compareOutputZIR("hello world ZIR",
-        \\@noreturn = primitive(noreturn)
-        \\@void = primitive(void)
-        \\@usize = primitive(usize)
-        \\@0 = int(0)
-        \\@1 = int(1)
-        \\@2 = int(2)
-        \\@3 = int(3)
-        \\
-        \\@msg = str("Hello, world!\n")
-        \\
-        \\@start_fnty = fntype([], @noreturn, cc=Naked)
-        \\@start = fn(@start_fnty, {
-        \\  %SYS_exit_group = int(231)
-        \\  %exit_code = as(@usize, @0)
-        \\
-        \\  %syscall = str("syscall")
-        \\  %sysoutreg = str("={rax}")
-        \\  %rax = str("{rax}")
-        \\  %rdi = str("{rdi}")
-        \\  %rcx = str("rcx")
-        \\  %rdx = str("{rdx}")
-        \\  %rsi = str("{rsi}")
-        \\  %r11 = str("r11")
-        \\  %memory = str("memory")
-        \\
-        \\  %SYS_write = as(@usize, @1)
-        \\  %STDOUT_FILENO = as(@usize, @1)
-        \\
-        \\  %msg_addr = ptrtoint(@msg)
-        \\
-        \\  %len_name = str("len")
-        \\  %msg_len_ptr = fieldptr(@msg, %len_name)
-        \\  %msg_len = deref(%msg_len_ptr)
-        \\  %rc_write = asm(%syscall, @usize,
-        \\    volatile=1,
-        \\    output=%sysoutreg,
-        \\    inputs=[%rax, %rdi, %rsi, %rdx],
-        \\    clobbers=[%rcx, %r11, %memory],
-        \\    args=[%SYS_write, %STDOUT_FILENO, %msg_addr, %msg_len])
-        \\
-        \\  %rc_exit = asm(%syscall, @usize,
-        \\    volatile=1,
-        \\    output=%sysoutreg,
-        \\    inputs=[%rax, %rdi],
-        \\    clobbers=[%rcx, %r11, %memory],
-        \\    args=[%SYS_exit_group, %exit_code])
-        \\
-        \\  %99 = unreachable()
-        \\});
-        \\
-        \\@9 = str("_start")
-        \\@11 = export(@9, "start")
-    ,
-        \\Hello, world!
-        \\
-    );
-
-    ctx.compareOutputZIR("function call with no args no return value",
-        \\@noreturn = primitive(noreturn)
-        \\@void = primitive(void)
-        \\@usize = primitive(usize)
-        \\@0 = int(0)
-        \\@1 = int(1)
-        \\@2 = int(2)
-        \\@3 = int(3)
-        \\
-        \\@exit0_fnty = fntype([], @noreturn)
-        \\@exit0 = fn(@exit0_fnty, {
-        \\  %SYS_exit_group = int(231)
-        \\  %exit_code = as(@usize, @0)
-        \\
-        \\  %syscall = str("syscall")
-        \\  %sysoutreg = str("={rax}")
-        \\  %rax = str("{rax}")
-        \\  %rdi = str("{rdi}")
-        \\  %rcx = str("rcx")
-        \\  %r11 = str("r11")
-        \\  %memory = str("memory")
-        \\
-        \\  %rc = asm(%syscall, @usize,
-        \\    volatile=1,
-        \\    output=%sysoutreg,
-        \\    inputs=[%rax, %rdi],
-        \\    clobbers=[%rcx, %r11, %memory],
-        \\    args=[%SYS_exit_group, %exit_code])
-        \\
-        \\  %99 = unreachable()
-        \\});
-        \\
-        \\@start_fnty = fntype([], @noreturn, cc=Naked)
-        \\@start = fn(@start_fnty, {
-        \\  %0 = call(@exit0, [])
-        \\})
-        \\@9 = str("_start")
-        \\@11 = export(@9, "start")
-    , "");
-}