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Lesson_06_Grammar.md

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Lesson 6Youtube

6.1 N を V(transitive)

The particle を is used to indicate the direct object of a transitive verb.

ジュースを みです。 I drink juice.

[Note] を is used only in writing the particle.

6.2 N を します

A fairly wide range of nouns are used as the objects of the verb します, which means that the action denoted by the noun is performed. Some examples are shown below.

  • Play sports or games

サッカーを します play soccer

トランプを します play cards

  • Hold gatherings or events

パーティーを します give a party

かいを します hold a meeting

  • Do something

宿しゅくだいを します do homework

ごとを します work

でんを します call, phone

6.3 なにを しますか

This is a question to ask about someone's actions.

げつよう なにを しますか。 What are you doing on Monday? …… きょうきます。 …… I am going to Kyoto.

昨日きのう なにを しましたか。 What did you do yesterday? …… サッカーを しました。 …… I played soccer.

6.4 なん and なに

Both なん and なに mean 'what'.

  • なん is used in the following cases:

    • When it precedes a word whose first is in the た, だ and な -row.

    これは なんですか。 What is that?

    なんほんですか。 What's that book about?

    る まえに、なんいますか。 What do you say before going to bed? (See Lesson 21.)

    なんとうきょうきますか。 How are you getting to Tokyo?

    • なんで is used for asking 'Why?' as well as 'How?' なにで can be used when the speaker wants to make it clear the he or she is asking "How?"

    なにとうきょうきますか。 How are you getting to Tokyo? …… しんかんせんきます。 …… I am going on the Shinkansan.

    • When using it with a counter suffix.

    テレーザちゃんは なんさいですか。 How old is Teresa?

  • なに is used in all other cases apart from above part.

    なにいますか。 What are you going to buy?

6.5 N(place) で V

When add after a noun denoting a place, the particle で indicates the occurrence of an action in that place.

えきしんぶんいます。 I am going to buy a paper at the station.

6.6 V ませんか

This expression is used when the speaker wants to invite someone to do something.

いっしょに きょうきませんか。 Would you like to come to Kyoto with us? …… ええ、いいですね。 …… Yes, that's a nice idea.

6.7 V ましょう

This expression is used when a speaker is positively inviting the listener to do something with the speaker. It is also used when responding positively to an invitation.

ちょっと やすみましょう。 Let's take a break.

いっしょに ひるごはんを べませんか。 Shall we have lunch together? …… ええ、べましょう。 …… Yes, let's do it.

[Note] V ませんか and V ましょう are both used to invite someone to do something, but V ませんか shows that the speaker is giving more consideration to what the listener might want than V ましょう.

6.8 〜か

か indicates that the listener has received and accept some new information. It is used in the same way as the か in そうですか (see Lesson 2).

にちよう きょうきました。 I went to Kyoto on Sunday. …… きょうですか。いいですね。 …… Kyoto, eh? Great!