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Circumnavigation.html
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en"><span dir="auto">Circumnavigation</span></h1>
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<div id="siteSub">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><div class="dablink">"Round the world" redirects here. For the airline ticket, see <a href="Round-the-world_ticket" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Round-the-world_ticket" title="Round-the-world ticket">Round-the-world ticket</a>.</div>
<p><b>Circumnavigation</b>—literally, "<a href="Navigation" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navigation" title="Navigation">navigation</a> of a <a href="Circumference" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumference" title="Circumference">circumference</a>"—refers to travelling all the way around an island, a continent, or the entire planet <a href="Earth" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>. The first world circumnavigation in history was the <a href="Timeline_of_Magellan$27s_circumnavigation" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Magellan%27s_circumnavigation" title="Timeline of Magellan's circumnavigation">Magellan-Elcano expedition</a> which sailed from Spain in 1519 and returned in 1522 after having crossed the <a href="Atlantic" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic" title="Atlantic" class="mw-redirect">Atlantic</a>, the <a href="Pacific" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific" title="Pacific" class="mw-redirect">Pacific</a> and the <a href="Indian_Ocean" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian</a> oceans.</p>
<table id="toc" class="toc">
<tr>
<td>
<div id="toctitle">
<h2>Contents</h2>
</div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Global_circumnavigation"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Global circumnavigation</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Nautical"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Nautical</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Wind_powered"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Wind powered</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Mechanically_powered"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Mechanically powered</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Aviation"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Aviation</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Astronautics"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Astronautics</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Human-powered"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Human-powered</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Notable_circumnavigations"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Notable circumnavigations</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Maritime"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Maritime</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Aviation_2"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Aviation</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Land"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Land</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
</ul>
</td>
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<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Circumnavigation&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Global circumnavigation">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Global_circumnavigation">Global circumnavigation</span></h2>
<p>In principle, if a person walks completely around either Pole, they will have crossed all <a href="Meridian_(geography)" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meridian_(geography)" title="Meridian (geography)">meridians</a>, but this is not generally considered a "circumnavigation." A basic definition of a global circumnavigation would be a route which covers at least a <a href="Great_circle" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_circle" title="Great circle">great circle</a>, and in particular one which passes through at least one pair of points <a href="Antipodes" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipodes" title="Antipodes">antipodal</a> to each other.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> In practice, different definitions of world circumnavigation are used, in order to accommodate practical constraints depending on the method of travel. Since the planet is <a href="Spheroid" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spheroid" title="Spheroid">quasispheroidal</a>, a trip from one Pole to the other, and back again, would technically be a circumnavigation, but practical difficulties generally preclude such a voyage.</p>
<p>The first global circumnavigation was that of <a href="Juan_Sebasti$C3$A1n_Elcano" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Sebasti%C3%A1n_Elcano" title="Juan Sebastián Elcano">Juan Sebastián Elcano</a> between 1519 and 1522, known as the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Magellan%E2%80%93Elcano_expedition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magellan–Elcano expedition (page does not exist)">Magellan–Elcano expedition</a>. It was a Spanish voyage of discovery led initially by <a href="Ferdinand_Magellan" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Magellan" title="Ferdinand Magellan">Ferdinand Magellan</a> between 1519 and 1521, and then by Elcano from 1521 to 1522. The voyage started in <a href="Seville" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a>, crossed the Atlantic Ocean, and after several stopovers rounded the southern tip of South America. It then continued across the Pacific discovering a number of islands on its way, including <a href="Guam" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a> and the <a href="Philippines" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>. After Magellan's death in the Philippines in 1521, Elcano took command of the expedition and continued the journey across the Indian Ocean, round the <a href="Cape_of_Good_Hope" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_of_Good_Hope" title="Cape of Good Hope">Cape of Good Hope</a>, north along the Atlantic Ocean, and back to Spain in 1522. Elcano and a small group of 18 men were actually the only members of the expedition to make the full circumnavigation.</p>
<p>For the wealthy, long voyages around the world, such as was done by <a href="Ulysses_S._Grant" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a>, became possible in the 19th century, and the two World Wars moved vast numbers of troops around the planet. However, it was later improvements in technology and rising incomes that made such trips relatively common.</p>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Circumnavigation&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Nautical">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Nautical">Nautical</span></h2>
<p>The nautical global circumnavigation record is currently held by a wind powered vessel.</p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Circumnavigation&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Wind powered">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Wind_powered">Wind powered</span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="File3ACircumnavigationByTrades.png" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CircumnavigationByTrades.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/CircumnavigationByTrades.png/220px-CircumnavigationByTrades.png" webstripperwas="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/CircumnavigationByTrades.png/220px-CircumnavigationByTrades.png" width="220" height="138" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/CircumnavigationByTrades.png/330px-CircumnavigationByTrades.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/CircumnavigationByTrades.png/440px-CircumnavigationByTrades.png 2x" /></a>
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The route of a typical modern sailing circumnavigation, via the <a href="Suez_Canal" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a> and the <a href="Panama_Canal" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_Canal" title="Panama Canal">Panama Canal</a> is shown in red; its antipodes are shown in yellow.</div>
</div>
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<p>The map on the right shows, in red, a typical, non-competitive, route for a <a href="Sailing" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sailing" title="Sailing">sailing</a> circumnavigation of the world by the <a href="Trade_wind" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_wind" title="Trade wind">trade winds</a> and the <a href="Suez_Canal" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">Suez</a> and <a href="Panama_Canal" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_Canal" title="Panama Canal">Panama</a> canals; overlaid in yellow are the points antipodal to all points on the route. It can be seen that the route roughly approximates a <a href="Great_circle" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_circle" title="Great circle">great circle</a>, and passes through two pairs of antipodal points. This is a route followed by many <a href="Cruising_(maritime)" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruising_(maritime)" title="Cruising (maritime)">cruising</a> sailors, going in the western direction; the use of the trade winds makes it a relatively easy sail, although it passes through a number of zones of calms or light winds.</p>
<div class="thumb tleft">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="File3ACircumnavigationByCapes.png" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CircumnavigationByCapes.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/CircumnavigationByCapes.png/220px-CircumnavigationByCapes.png" webstripperwas="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/CircumnavigationByCapes.png/220px-CircumnavigationByCapes.png" width="220" height="138" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/CircumnavigationByCapes.png/330px-CircumnavigationByCapes.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/CircumnavigationByCapes.png/440px-CircumnavigationByCapes.png 2x" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify"><a href="File3ACircumnavigationByCapes.png" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CircumnavigationByCapes.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.22wmf1/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" webstripperwas="//bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.22wmf1/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" height="11" alt="" /></a></div>
The route of a typical yacht racing circumnavigation is shown in red; its antipodes are shown in yellow.</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>In <a href="Yacht_racing" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yacht_racing" title="Yacht racing">yacht racing</a>, a round-the-world route approximating a great circle would be quite impractical, particularly in a non-stop race where use of the Panama and Suez Canals would be impossible. Yacht racing therefore defines a world circumnavigation to be a passage of at least 21,600 nautical miles (40,000 km) in length which crosses the <a href="Equator" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equator" title="Equator">equator</a>, crosses every <a href="Meridian_(geography)" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meridian_(geography)" title="Meridian (geography)">meridian</a> and finishes in the same port as it starts.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> The map on the left shows the route of the <a href="Vend$C3$A9e_Globe" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vend%C3%A9e_Globe" title="Vendée Globe">Vendée Globe</a> round-the-world race in red; overlaid in yellow are the points antipodal to all points on the route. It can be seen that the route does not pass through any pairs of antipodal points. Since the winds in the higher latitudes predominantly blow west-to-east it can be seen that there is an easier route (west-to-east) and a harder route (east-to-west) when circumnavigating by sail; this difficulty is magnified for <a href="Square-rig" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square-rig" title="Square-rig" class="mw-redirect">square-rig</a> vessels.</p>
<p>For <a href="Around_the_world_sailing_record" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Around_the_world_sailing_record" title="Around the world sailing record">around the world sailing records</a>, there is a rule saying that the length must be at least 21,600 nautical miles calculated along the shortest possible track from the starting port and back that does not cross land and does not go below 63°S. It is allowed to have one single waypoint to lengthen the calculated track. The equator must be crossed.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p>The current wind powered circumnavigation record of 45 days 13 hours 42 minutes 53 seconds was established by <a href="Lo$C3$AFck_Peyron" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lo%C3%AFck_Peyron" title="Loïck Peyron">Loïck Peyron</a> on the maxi-multihull sailing yacht <a href="Banque_Populaire_V" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banque_Populaire_V" title="Banque Populaire V">Banque Populaire V</a> and completed on the 6th of January 2012. The voyage followed the North Atlantic Ocean, Equator, South Atlantic Ocean, Southern Ocean, South Atlantic Ocean, Equator, North Atlantic Ocean route in an easterly direction.</p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Circumnavigation&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Mechanically powered">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Mechanically_powered">Mechanically powered</span></h3>
<p>Since the advent of world cruises in 1922, by <a href="Cunard_Line" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cunard_Line" title="Cunard Line">Cunard's</a> <a href="RMS_Laconia_(1921)" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RMS_Laconia_(1921)" title="RMS Laconia (1921)">Laconia</a>, thousands of people have completed circumnavigations of the globe at a more leisurely pace. Typically, these voyages begin in <a href="New_York_City" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> or <a href="Southampton" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southampton" title="Southampton">Southampton</a>, and proceed westward. Routes vary, either travelling through the Caribbean and then into the Pacific Ocean via the Panama Canal, or around <a href="Cape_Horn" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Horn" title="Cape Horn">Cape Horn</a>. From there ships usually make their way to Hawaii, the islands of the South Pacific, Australia, New Zealand, then northward to Hong Kong, South East Asia, and India. At that point, again, routes may vary: one way is through the Suez Canal and into the Mediterranean; the other is around <a href="Cape_of_Good_Hope" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_of_Good_Hope" title="Cape of Good Hope">Cape of Good Hope</a> and then up the west coast of Africa. These cruises end in the port where they began.</p>
<p>The current mechanically powered circumnavigation record of 60 days 23 hours and 49 minutes was established by a voyage of the wave-piercing trimaran <a href="Earthrace" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthrace" title="Earthrace" class="mw-redirect">Earthrace</a> which was completed on 27 June 2008. The voyage followed the North Atlantic Ocean, Panama Canal, Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, Suez Canal, Mediterranean Sea route in a westerly direction.</p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Circumnavigation&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Aviation">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Aviation">Aviation</span></h3>
<p>Since the development of commercial aviation many thousands of people have flown around the world. Some regular routes, such as the old <a href="Pan_American_World_Airways" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan_American_World_Airways" title="Pan American World Airways">Pan American</a> Flight One (and later, although briefly, <a href="United_Airlines" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Airlines" title="United Airlines">United Airlines</a> Flight One), circled the globe, and today planning such a trip through various connections is quite simple.</p>
<p>The <a href="First_aerial_circumnavigation" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_aerial_circumnavigation" title="First aerial circumnavigation">first successful attempt</a> to circumnavigate the planet Earth by air occurred in 1924, flown by aviators of the <a href="U.S._Army_Air_Service" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Army_Air_Service" title="U.S. Army Air Service" class="mw-redirect">U.S. Army Air Service</a> in a quartet of <a href="Douglas_World_Cruiser" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_World_Cruiser" title="Douglas World Cruiser">Douglas World Cruiser</a> biplanes.</p>
<p>The first <a href="Aerostat" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerostat" title="Aerostat">lighter-than-air</a> aircraft of any type to circumnavigate the Earth under its own power was the <a href="Rigid_airship" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rigid_airship" title="Rigid airship">rigid airship</a> <a href="LZ_127_Graf_Zeppelin" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LZ_127_Graf_Zeppelin" title="LZ 127 Graf Zeppelin">LZ 127 Graf Zeppelin</a>, which did so in 1929.</p>
<p>Aviation records take account of the wind circulation patterns of the world; in particular the <a href="Jet_stream" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jet_stream" title="Jet stream">jet streams</a>, which circulate in the northern and southern hemispheres without crossing the equator. There is therefore no requirement to cross the equator, or to pass through two antipodal points, in the course of setting a round-the-world aviation record. Thus, for example, <a href="Steve_Fossett" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Fossett" title="Steve Fossett">Steve Fossett</a>'s global circumnavigation by balloon was entirely contained within the southern hemisphere.</p>
<p>For powered aviation, the course of a round-the-world record must start and finish at the same point and cross all meridians; the course must be at least 36,787.559 kilometres (22,858.729 mi) long (which is the length of the <a href="Tropic_of_Cancer" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropic_of_Cancer" title="Tropic of Cancer">Tropic of Cancer</a>). The course must include set control points at latitudes outside the <a href="Arctic_Circle" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic_Circle" title="Arctic Circle">Arctic</a> and <a href="Antarctic_Circle" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarctic_Circle" title="Antarctic Circle">Antarctic</a> circles.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p>In ballooning, which is totally at the mercy of the winds, the requirements are even more relaxed. The course must cross all meridians, and must include a set of checkpoints which are all outside of two circles, chosen by the pilot, having radii of 3,335.85 kilometres (2,072.80 mi) and enclosing the poles (though not necessarily centred on them).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Circumnavigation&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Astronautics">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Astronautics">Astronautics</span></h3>
<p>The first person to fly in space, <a href="Yuri_Gagarin" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Gagarin" title="Yuri Gagarin">Yuri Gagarin</a>, also became the first person to complete an <a href="Orbital_spaceflight" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_spaceflight" title="Orbital spaceflight">orbital spaceflight</a> in the <a href="Vostok_1" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vostok_1" title="Vostok 1">Vostok 1</a> spaceship, in 1961. Early NASA space missions included only <a href="Sub-orbital_spaceflight" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sub-orbital_spaceflight" title="Sub-orbital spaceflight">sub-orbital spaceflights</a>.</p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Circumnavigation&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Human-powered">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Human-powered">Human-powered</span></h3>
<div class="rellink boilerplate seealso">See also: <a href="Around_the_world_cycling_record" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Around_the_world_cycling_record" title="Around the world cycling record">Around the world cycling record</a></div>
<p>According to AdventureStats, <a href="Jason_Lewis_(adventurer)" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason_Lewis_(adventurer)" title="Jason Lewis (adventurer)">Jason Lewis</a> completed the first true human-powered circumnavigation of the globe<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> while <a href="National_Geographic_Society" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society">National Geographic</a> lists Colin Angus as being the first to complete a global circumnavigation.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup> While neither Lewis or Angus met the <a href="Guinness_World_Records" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness World Records</a> criteria, each completed continuous human powered journeys around the planet, although they did not cross a pair of antipodes or travel the distance of the Tropic of Cancer.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="David_Kunst" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Kunst" title="David Kunst" class="mw-redirect">David Kunst</a> was the first verified person to walk around the world between 20 June 1970 and 10 October 1974. Guidelines issued by <a href="Guinness_World_Records" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness World Records</a> in March 2007 state that a human powered circumnavigation must travel a minimum of 36,787.559 km (the distance of the Tropic of Cancer), cross the Equator, and each leg must commence at the exact point where the last finished off. To date no one has completed a human-powered circumnavigation according to the guidelines set by Guinness.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p>People have both bicycled and run around the world, but the oceans have had to be covered by air travel, making the distance shorter than the Guinness guidelines. To go from North America to Asia on foot is theoretically possible but very difficult. It involves crossing the <a href="Bering_Strait" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bering_Strait" title="Bering Strait">Bering Strait</a> on the ice, and around 3000 km of roadless swamped or freezing cold areas in Alaska and eastern Russia. No one has so far travelled all of this route by foot.</p>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Circumnavigation&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notable circumnavigations">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Notable_circumnavigations">Notable circumnavigations</span></h2>
<div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <a href="List_of_circumnavigations" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_circumnavigations" title="List of circumnavigations">List of circumnavigations</a></div>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Circumnavigation&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Maritime">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Maritime">Maritime</span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px;"><a href="File3ANaoVictoria.JPG" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NaoVictoria.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/NaoVictoria.JPG/200px-NaoVictoria.JPG" webstripperwas="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/NaoVictoria.JPG/200px-NaoVictoria.JPG" width="200" height="267" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/NaoVictoria.JPG/300px-NaoVictoria.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/NaoVictoria.JPG/400px-NaoVictoria.JPG 2x" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify"><a href="File3ANaoVictoria.JPG" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NaoVictoria.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.22wmf1/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" webstripperwas="//bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.22wmf1/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" height="11" alt="" /></a></div>
A replica of Magellan's <i><a href="Victoria_(ship)" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_(ship)" title="Victoria (ship)">Nao Victoria</a></i>, the first vessel to circumnavigate the planet</div>
</div>
</div>
<ul>
<li>The Spanish <a href="Timeline_of_Magellan$27s_circumnavigation" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Magellan%27s_circumnavigation" title="Timeline of Magellan's circumnavigation">Magellan-Elcano expedition</a> of August 1519 to 8 September 1522, started by Portuguese navigator <a href="Ferdinand_Magellan" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Magellan" title="Ferdinand Magellan">Fernão de Magalhães (Ferdinand Magellan)</a> and completed by Spanish Basque navigator <a href="Juan_Sebasti$C3$A1n_Elcano" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Sebasti%C3%A1n_Elcano" title="Juan Sebastián Elcano">Juan Sebastián Elcano</a> after Magellan's death, was the first global circumnavigation.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup></li>
<li><a href="HMS_Driver_(1840)" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Driver_(1840)" title="HMS Driver (1840)">HMS <i>Driver</i></a> completed the first circumnavigation by a steam ship in 1845–1847.</li>
<li>The Spanish frigate <i>Numancia</i>, commanded by Juan Bautista Antequera y Bobadilla, completed the first circumnavigation by an <a href="Ironclad" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ironclad" title="Ironclad" class="mw-redirect">ironclad</a> in 1865–1867.</li>
<li><a href="Joshua_Slocum" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Slocum" title="Joshua Slocum">Joshua Slocum</a> completed the first <a href="Single-handed_sailing" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-handed_sailing" title="Single-handed sailing">single-handed</a> circumnavigation in 1895–1898.</li>
</ul>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Circumnavigation&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Aviation">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Aviation_2">Aviation</span></h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="United_States_Army_Air_Service" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Service" title="United States Army Air Service">United States Army Air Service</a>, 1924, <a href="First_aerial_circumnavigation" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_aerial_circumnavigation" title="First aerial circumnavigation">first aerial circumnavigation</a>, 175 days, covering 44,360 kilometres (27,560 mi), with examples of the <a href="Douglas_World_Cruiser" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_World_Cruiser" title="Douglas World Cruiser">Douglas World Cruiser</a> biplane.</li>
<li>In 1949, the <a href="Lucky_Lady_II" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucky_Lady_II" title="Lucky Lady II">Lucky Lady II</a>, a <a href="Boeing_B-50_Superfortress" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_B-50_Superfortress" title="Boeing B-50 Superfortress">Boeing B-50 Superfortress</a> of the U. S. Air Force, commanded by Captain James Gallagher, became the first aeroplane to circle the world nonstop. This was achieved by refueling the plane in flight. Total time airborne was 94 hours and 1 minute.</li>
<li>In 2005, <a href="Steve_Fossett" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Fossett" title="Steve Fossett">Steve Fossett</a>, flying a <a href="Virgin_Atlantic_GlobalFlyer" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Atlantic_GlobalFlyer" title="Virgin Atlantic GlobalFlyer">Virgin Atlantic GlobalFlyer</a>, set the current record for fastest aerial circumnavigation (first non-stop, non-refueled solo circumnavigation in an airplane) in 67 hours, covering 37,000 kilometers.</li>
</ul>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Circumnavigation&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Land">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Land">Land</span></h3>
<ul>
<li>In 1841-1842 Sir <a href="George_Simpson_(administrator)" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Simpson_(administrator)" title="George Simpson (administrator)">George Simpson (administrator)</a> made the first "land circumnavigation", crossing Canada and Siberia and returning to London.</li>
</ul>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Circumnavigation&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h2>
<table class="metadata mbox-small plainlinks" style="border:1px solid #aaa; background-color:#f9f9f9;">
<tr>
<td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Wikivoyage-logo.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-logo.svg.png" webstripperwas="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Wikivoyage-logo.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-logo.svg.png" width="40" height="40" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Wikivoyage-logo.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Wikivoyage-logo.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-logo.svg.png 2x" /></td>
<td class="mbox-text plainlist" style=""><a href="Wikivoyage" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikivoyage" title="Wikivoyage">Wikivoyage</a> has travel information related to: <i><b><a href="http://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Round_the_world_overland" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Round the world overland">Round the world overland</a></b></i></td>
</tr>
</table>
<table class="metadata mbox-small plainlinks" style="border:1px solid #aaa; background-color:#f9f9f9;">
<tr>
<td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Wikivoyage-logo.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-logo.svg.png" webstripperwas="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Wikivoyage-logo.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-logo.svg.png" width="40" height="40" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Wikivoyage-logo.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Wikivoyage-logo.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-logo.svg.png 2x" /></td>
<td class="mbox-text plainlist" style=""><a href="Wikivoyage" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikivoyage" title="Wikivoyage">Wikivoyage</a> has travel information related to: <i><b><a href="http://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Round_the_world_flights" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Round the world flights">Round the world flights</a></b></i></td>
</tr>
</table>
<ul>
<li><a href="List_of_circumnavigations" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_circumnavigations" title="List of circumnavigations">List of circumnavigations</a></li>
<li><a href="Around_the_world_sailing_record" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Around_the_world_sailing_record" title="Around the world sailing record">Around the world sailing record</a></li>
<li><a href="Russian_circumnavigations" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_circumnavigations" title="Russian circumnavigations" class="mw-redirect">Russian circumnavigations</a></li>
<li><a href="First_Russian_circumnavigation" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Russian_circumnavigation" title="First Russian circumnavigation">First Russian circumnavigation</a></li>
</ul>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Circumnavigation&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span></h2>
<div class="reflist references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 33em; -webkit-column-width: 33em; column-width: 33em; list-style-type: decimal;">
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.expedition360.com/home/circumnavigation.htm" >"Definition of a Circumnavigation"</a>. Expedition360.com. 1924-09-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 2012-07-02</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.pub=Expedition360.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.date=1924-09-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.expedition360.com%2Fhome%2Fcircumnavigation.htm&rft.btitle=Definition+of+a+Circumnavigation&rft.genre=book&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Circumnavigation" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sailspeedrecords.com/the-courses-offshore.html" >"<i>ISAF/World Sailing Speed Record Rules for individually attempted Passage Records or Performances Offshore, sec. 26.1.a, Record Courses</i>"</a>. Sailspeedrecords.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 2012-07-02</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%27%27ISAF%2FWorld+Sailing+Speed+Record+Rules+for+individually+attempted+Passage+Records+or+Performances+Offshore%2C+sec.+26.1.a%2C+Record+Courses%27%27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsailspeedrecords.com%2Fthe-courses-offshore.html&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Sailspeedrecords.com&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Circumnavigation" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sailspeedrecords.com/the-courses-offshore.html" >"ISAF/World Sailing Speed Record Rules for individually attempted Passage Records or Performances Offshore"</a>. Sailspeedrecords.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 2012-07-02</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=ISAF%2FWorld+Sailing+Speed+Record+Rules+for+individually+attempted+Passage+Records+or+Performances+Offshore&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sailspeedrecords.com%2Fthe-courses-offshore.html&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Sailspeedrecords.com&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Circumnavigation" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fai.org/general_aviation/documents" >"<i>FAI Sporting Code Section 2: Powered Aerodynes: Speed around the world non-stop and non-refuelled</i>"</a>. Fai.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 2012-07-02</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%27%27FAI+Sporting+Code+Section+2%3A+Powered+Aerodynes%3A+Speed+around+the+world+non-stop+and+non-refuelled%27%27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fai.org%2Fgeneral_aviation%2Fdocuments&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Fai.org&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Circumnavigation" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fai.org/documents/sportingcode/sc1" ><i>FAI Sporting Code Section 1: Aerostats: Around-the-World Records</i></a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title=" since July 2012" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="Wikipedia3ALink_rot" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a></i>]</span></sup></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adventurestats.com/tables/hpc.shtml" >"Global HPC—Human Powered Circumnavigations"</a>. AdventureStats<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 2012-07-02</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Global+HPC%E2%80%94Human+Powered+Circumnavigations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adventurestats.com%2Ftables%2Fhpc.shtml&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=AdventureStats&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Circumnavigation" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web">Daniel Duane (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalgeographic.com/adventure/best-of-adventure-2007/achievements/colin-angus-julie-wafaei.html" >"Adventurers of the Year: The New Magellans"</a>. National Geographic Society<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 2012-07-02</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.aulast=Daniel+Duane&rft.pub=National+Geographic+Society&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Fadventure%2Fbest-of-adventure-2007%2Fachievements%2Fcolin-angus-julie-wafaei.html&rft.btitle=Adventurers+of+the+Year%3A+The+New+Magellans&rft.genre=book&rft.au=Daniel+Duane&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Circumnavigation" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adventurestats.com/tables/hpc.shtml" >"Global HPC—Human Powered Circumnavigations"</a>. AdventureStats<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 2012-07-02</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Global+HPC%E2%80%94Human+Powered+Circumnavigations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adventurestats.com%2Ftables%2Fhpc.shtml&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=AdventureStats&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Circumnavigation" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web">Julie Wafaei, Colin Angus. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.angusadventures.com/circumnavigations.html" >"<i>Colin Angus version of circumnavigation</i>"</a>. Angusadventures.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 2012-07-02</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%27%27Colin+Angus+version+of+circumnavigation%27%27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.angusadventures.com%2Fcircumnavigations.html&rft.aulast=Julie+Wafaei%2C+Colin+Angus&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Angusadventures.com&rft.au=Julie+Wafaei%2C+Colin+Angus&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Circumnavigation" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.around-n-over.org/circumnavigation.htm" >"<i>Erden Eruc version of circumnavigation</i>"</a>. Around-n-over.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 2012-07-02</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%27%27Erden+Eruc+version+of+circumnavigation%27%27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.around-n-over.org%2Fcircumnavigation.htm&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Around-n-over.org&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Circumnavigation" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.expedition360.com/home/circumnavigation.htm" >"<i>Jason Lewis version of circumnavigation</i>"</a>. Expedition360.com. 1924-09-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 2012-07-02</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.pub=Expedition360.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.date=1924-09-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.expedition360.com%2Fhome%2Fcircumnavigation.htm&rft.btitle=%27%27Jason+Lewis+version+of+circumnavigation%27%27&rft.genre=book&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Circumnavigation" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Gloria Pilar Totoricagüena (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.fr/books?id=xy6p3D4AoTIC" ><i>Basque Diaspora: Migration And Transnational Identity</i></a>. University of Nevada Press. p. 132. <a href="International_Standard_Book_Number.html" webstripperwas="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="Special3ABookSources/9781877802454" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781877802454" title="Special:BookSources/9781877802454">9781877802454</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 8 March 2013</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.pages=132&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.fr%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dxy6p3D4AoTIC&rft.genre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Basque+Diaspora%3A+Migration+And+Transnational+Identity&rft.aulast=Gloria+Pilar+Totoricag%C3%BCena&rft.pub=University+of+Nevada+Press&rft.isbn=9781877802454&rft.date=2005&rft.au=Gloria+Pilar+Totoricag%C3%BCena&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Circumnavigation" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Magellan's Voyage: A Narrative Account of the First Circumnavigation.'Magellan's Voyage' By Antonio Pigafetta, Raleigh Ashlin Skelton. Published by Courier Dover Publications, 1994. <a href="Special3ABookSources/0486280993" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0486280993" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-486-28099-3</a>, <a href="Special3ABookSources/9780486280998" webstripperwas="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780486280998" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-486-28099-8</a></span></li>
</ol>
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<li class="interwiki-de"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weltumrundung" title="Weltumrundung" lang="de" hreflang="de">Deutsch</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-et"><a href="http://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cmbermaailmareis" title="Ümbermaailmareis" lang="et" hreflang="et">Eesti</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-es"><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circunnavegaci%C3%B3n" title="Circunnavegación" lang="es" hreflang="es">Español</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-fr"><a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumnavigation" title="Circumnavigation" lang="fr" hreflang="fr">Français</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-it"><a href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumnavigazione" title="Circumnavigazione" lang="it" hreflang="it">Italiano</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-he"><a href="http://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%A4%D7%AA_%D7%9B%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A5" title="הקפת כדור הארץ" lang="he" hreflang="he">עברית</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-la"><a href="http://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumnavigatio" title="Circumnavigatio" lang="la" hreflang="la">Latina</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-nl"><a href="http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumnavigatie" title="Circumnavigatie" lang="nl" hreflang="nl">Nederlands</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-ja"><a href="http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E4%B8%80%E5%91%A8" title="世界一周" lang="ja" hreflang="ja">日本語</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-no"><a href="http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorden_rundt-reiser" title="Jorden rundt-reiser" lang="no" hreflang="no">Norsk bokmål</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-pl"><a href="http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rejs_wok%C3%B3%C5%82ziemski" title="Rejs wokółziemski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl">Polski</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-pt"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circum-navega%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Circum-navegação" lang="pt" hreflang="pt">Português</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-ro"><a href="http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumnaviga%C8%9Bie" title="Circumnavigație" lang="ro" hreflang="ro">Română</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-ru"><a href="http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Кругосветное путешествие" lang="ru" hreflang="ru">Русский</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-simple"><a href="http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumnavigation" title="Circumnavigation" lang="simple" hreflang="simple">Simple English</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-sv"><a href="http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4rldsomsegling" title="Världsomsegling" lang="sv" hreflang="sv">Svenska</a></li>
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