Adding STATIC_CALL opcode

[pirapira]

This issue keeps track of following the adoption of https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/pull/214/files

[pirapira]

One way to implement this is:

• the input tuple I obtains a new boolean member, true for static calls.
• \Lambda needs a new argument
• \Theta needs a new argument
• the exceptional halting function Z is true when the static flag is true and the next operation is not "static"
• a new function S(mu) tells if the next operation is "static".

[pirapira]

Note

• how are boolean elements (true, false) denoted in the Yellow Paper? (true is \top, false does not appear, but I guess I can use \bot).
• I_s is taken for "sender". What for static? w for can write to state?
• where are the input tuple I constructed?
  • around equations (88)--(95), when an external account creates a contract
  • around equations (107)--(113), when an external account makes a call
  • when a contract creates a contract, is redirected to above
  • when a contract calls a contract, is redirected to above