diff --git a/test/e2e/testdata/basic-auth.yaml b/test/e2e/testdata/basic-auth.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..be15cd9246f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/e2e/testdata/basic-auth.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+---
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: Secret
+metadata:
+  namespace: gateway-conformance-infra
+  name: basic-auth-users-secret
+data:
+  .htpasswd: "dXNlcjE6e1NIQX10RVNzQm1FL3lOWTNsYjZhMEw2dlZRRVpOcXc9CnVzZXIyOntTSEF9RUo5TFBGRFhzTjl5blNtYnh2anA3NUJtbHg4PQo="
+---
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: Secret
+metadata:
+  namespace: gateway-conformance-infra
+  name: basic-auth-users-secret-2
+data:
+  .htpasswd: "dXNlcjM6e1NIQX1QcitqQWR4WkdXOFlXVHhGNVJrb2VpTXBkWWs9CnVzZXI0OntTSEF9SC9LemNFcnQ0RTdzdFI1UXltbU8vVkNoTjVzPQ=="
+---
+apiVersion: gateway.envoyproxy.io/v1alpha1
+kind: SecurityPolicy
+metadata:
+  name: basic-auth
+  namespace: gateway-conformance-infra
+spec:
+  targetRef:
+    group: gateway.networking.k8s.io
+    kind: HTTPRoute
+    name: http-with-basic-auth
+    namespace: gateway-conformance-infra
+  basicAuth:
+    users:
+      name: "basic-auth-users-secret"
+---
+apiVersion: gateway.envoyproxy.io/v1alpha1
+kind: SecurityPolicy
+metadata:
+  name: basic-auth-2
+  namespace: gateway-conformance-infra
+spec:
+  targetRef:
+    group: gateway.networking.k8s.io
+    kind: HTTPRoute
+    name: http-with-basic-auth-2
+    namespace: gateway-conformance-infra
+  basicAuth:
+    users:
+      name: "basic-auth-users-secret-2"
+---
+apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1
+kind: HTTPRoute
+metadata:
+  name: http-with-basic-auth
+  namespace: gateway-conformance-infra
+spec:
+  parentRefs:
+  - name: same-namespace
+  rules:
+  - matches:
+    - path:
+        type: PathPrefix
+        value: /basic-auth
+    backendRefs:
+    - name: infra-backend-v1
+      port: 8080
+---
+apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1
+kind: HTTPRoute
+metadata:
+  name: http-with-basic-auth-2
+  namespace: gateway-conformance-infra
+spec:
+  parentRefs:
+  - name: same-namespace
+  rules:
+  - matches:
+    - path:
+        type: PathPrefix
+        value: /basic-auth-2
+    backendRefs:
+    - name: infra-backend-v1
+      port: 8080
diff --git a/test/e2e/tests/basic-auth.go b/test/e2e/tests/basic-auth.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..40241a8a813d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/e2e/tests/basic-auth.go
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+// Copyright Envoy Gateway Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+// The full text of the Apache license is available in the LICENSE file at
+// the root of the repo.
+
+//go:build e2e
+// +build e2e
+
+package tests
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/types"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/wait"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/client"
+	gwv1a2 "sigs.k8s.io/gateway-api/apis/v1alpha2"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/gateway-api/conformance/utils/http"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/gateway-api/conformance/utils/kubernetes"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/gateway-api/conformance/utils/suite"
+
+	egv1a1 "github.com/envoyproxy/gateway/api/v1alpha1"
+)
+
+func init() {
+	ConformanceTests = append(ConformanceTests, BasicAuthTest)
+}
+
+var BasicAuthTest = suite.ConformanceTest{
+	ShortName:   "BasicAuth",
+	Description: "Resource with BasicAuth enabled",
+	Manifests:   []string{"testdata/basic-auth.yaml"},
+	Test: func(t *testing.T, suite *suite.ConformanceTestSuite) {
+		t.Run("valid username password", func(t *testing.T) {
+			ns := "gateway-conformance-infra"
+			routeNN := types.NamespacedName{Name: "http-with-basic-auth", Namespace: ns}
+			gwNN := types.NamespacedName{Name: "same-namespace", Namespace: ns}
+			gwAddr := kubernetes.GatewayAndHTTPRoutesMustBeAccepted(t, suite.Client, suite.TimeoutConfig, suite.ControllerName, kubernetes.NewGatewayRef(gwNN), routeNN)
+			SecurityPolicyMustBeAccepted(t, suite.Client, types.NamespacedName{Name: "basic-auth", Namespace: ns})
+			SecurityPolicyMustBeAccepted(t, suite.Client, types.NamespacedName{Name: "basic-auth-2", Namespace: ns})
+			expectedResponse := http.ExpectedResponse{
+				Request: http.Request{
+					Path: "/basic-auth",
+					Headers: map[string]string{
+						"Authorization": "Basic dXNlcjE6dGVzdDE=", // user1:test1
+					},
+				},
+				Response: http.Response{
+					StatusCode: 200,
+				},
+				Namespace: ns,
+			}
+
+			req := http.MakeRequest(t, &expectedResponse, gwAddr, "HTTP", "http")
+			cReq, cResp, err := suite.RoundTripper.CaptureRoundTrip(req)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Errorf("failed to get expected response: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			if err := http.CompareRequest(t, &req, cReq, cResp, expectedResponse); err != nil {
+				t.Errorf("failed to compare request and response: %v", err)
+			}
+		})
+
+		t.Run("without Authorization header", func(t *testing.T) {
+			ns := "gateway-conformance-infra"
+			routeNN := types.NamespacedName{Name: "http-with-basic-auth", Namespace: ns}
+			gwNN := types.NamespacedName{Name: "same-namespace", Namespace: ns}
+			gwAddr := kubernetes.GatewayAndHTTPRoutesMustBeAccepted(t, suite.Client, suite.TimeoutConfig, suite.ControllerName, kubernetes.NewGatewayRef(gwNN), routeNN)
+
+			expectedResponse := http.ExpectedResponse{
+				Request: http.Request{
+					Path: "/basic-auth",
+				},
+				Response: http.Response{
+					StatusCode: 401,
+				},
+				Namespace: ns,
+			}
+
+			req := http.MakeRequest(t, &expectedResponse, gwAddr, "HTTP", "http")
+			cReq, cResp, err := suite.RoundTripper.CaptureRoundTrip(req)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Errorf("failed to get expected response: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			if err := http.CompareRequest(t, &req, cReq, cResp, expectedResponse); err != nil {
+				t.Errorf("failed to compare request and response: %v", err)
+			}
+		})
+
+		t.Run("invalid username password", func(t *testing.T) {
+			ns := "gateway-conformance-infra"
+			routeNN := types.NamespacedName{Name: "http-with-basic-auth", Namespace: ns}
+			gwNN := types.NamespacedName{Name: "same-namespace", Namespace: ns}
+			gwAddr := kubernetes.GatewayAndHTTPRoutesMustBeAccepted(t, suite.Client, suite.TimeoutConfig, suite.ControllerName, kubernetes.NewGatewayRef(gwNN), routeNN)
+
+			expectedResponse := http.ExpectedResponse{
+				Request: http.Request{
+					Path: "/basic-auth",
+					Headers: map[string]string{
+						"Authorization": "Basic dXNlcjE6dGVzdDI=", // user1:test2
+					},
+				},
+				Response: http.Response{
+					StatusCode: 401,
+				},
+				Namespace: ns,
+			}
+
+			req := http.MakeRequest(t, &expectedResponse, gwAddr, "HTTP", "http")
+			cReq, cResp, err := suite.RoundTripper.CaptureRoundTrip(req)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Errorf("failed to get expected response: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			if err := http.CompareRequest(t, &req, cReq, cResp, expectedResponse); err != nil {
+				t.Errorf("failed to compare request and response: %v", err)
+			}
+		})
+
+		t.Run("per-route configuration-second route", func(t *testing.T) {
+			ns := "gateway-conformance-infra"
+			routeNN := types.NamespacedName{Name: "http-with-basic-auth", Namespace: ns}
+			gwNN := types.NamespacedName{Name: "same-namespace", Namespace: ns}
+			gwAddr := kubernetes.GatewayAndHTTPRoutesMustBeAccepted(t, suite.Client, suite.TimeoutConfig, suite.ControllerName, kubernetes.NewGatewayRef(gwNN), routeNN)
+
+			expectedResponse := http.ExpectedResponse{
+				Request: http.Request{
+					Path: "/basic-auth-2",
+					Headers: map[string]string{
+						"Authorization": "Basic dXNlcjQ6dGVzdDQ=", // user4:test4
+					},
+				},
+				Response: http.Response{
+					StatusCode: 200,
+				},
+				Namespace: ns,
+			}
+
+			req := http.MakeRequest(t, &expectedResponse, gwAddr, "HTTP", "http")
+			cReq, cResp, err := suite.RoundTripper.CaptureRoundTrip(req)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Errorf("failed to get expected response: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			if err := http.CompareRequest(t, &req, cReq, cResp, expectedResponse); err != nil {
+				t.Errorf("failed to compare request and response: %v", err)
+			}
+		})
+	},
+}
+
+// SecurityPolicyMustBeAccepted waits for the specified SecurityPolicy to be accepted.
+func SecurityPolicyMustBeAccepted(
+	t *testing.T,
+	client client.Client,
+	securityPolicyName types.NamespacedName) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	waitErr := wait.PollUntilContextTimeout(context.Background(), 1*time.Second, 60*time.Second, true, func(ctx context.Context) (bool, error) {
+		securityPolicy := &egv1a1.SecurityPolicy{}
+		err := client.Get(ctx, securityPolicyName, securityPolicy)
+		if err != nil {
+			return false, fmt.Errorf("error fetching SecurityPolicy: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		for _, condition := range securityPolicy.Status.Conditions {
+			if condition.Type == string(gwv1a2.PolicyConditionAccepted) && condition.Status == metav1.ConditionTrue {
+				return true, nil
+			}
+		}
+		t.Logf("SecurityPolicy not yet accepted: %v", securityPolicy)
+		return false, nil
+	})
+	require.NoErrorf(t, waitErr, "error waiting for HTTPRoute to have parents matching expectations")
+}