[RAC] Populate common alert fields from alerting framework data

[weltenwort]

📝 Summary

The intended schema contains many fields that are populated in a uniform way across all rule types. Most of the can be populated from the rule data provided by the alerting framework. To ensure consistency all rule types should share the code to populate these alert fields.

predecessor to #107980

✔️ Acceptance criteria

• These rule types all share the code to populate the common fields
  • persistent security rules
  • observability synthetics rules
  • observability apm rules
  • observability metrics rules
  • observability logs rules
• The populated fields include
  • the kibana.alert.rule fields from the rule information passed in executor options

[elasticmachine]

Pinging @elastic/logs-metrics-ui (Team:logs-metrics-ui)