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Dogecoin <-> Ethereum bridge docs

The Dogecoin <-> Ethereum bridge is a system that allows Doges to be moved from the Dogecoin blockchain to the Ethereum blockchain and back. Read the intro for non-technical users by Ross Nicoll.

Main subprojects

Doge to Eth

Design

Superblocks

The Doge -> Eth side uses a new concept we named Superblocks. Read the white paper.

Eth to Doge

Design

Collateralized bridge

We implemented a "collateralized" solution for the Eth -> Doge side. Here are the core concepts:

  • When a user wants to get doge tokens, she has to send the doges to a "Bridge operator". A bridge operator receives doges from users and holds them while they are locked. The smart contract mints doge tokens for the user.
  • When a user burns her doge tokens, a "bridge operator" is requested to send the doges back to the user.
  • Anyone can be a bridge operator.
  • "Bridge operators" deposit ether (collateral) on a smart contract. If they do anything with the doges but what is expected, they lose their eth deposit.
  • Anyone can report to the smart contract a doge tx showing a "bridge operator" misbehaviour.
  • There is an oracle for eth/doge price.

Actors

This is the list of external actors to the system and what they can do.

  • User
    • Lock (Doge -> Eth).
    • Transfer doge tokens (Eth -> Eth).
    • Unlock (Eth -> Doge).
  • Operator
    • Register as operator.
    • Add/Remove Eth collateral deposit.
    • Store locked doges.
    • Create, sign & broadcast doge unlock tx.
  • Superblock Submitter
    • Propose superblocks.
    • Defend superblocks.
  • Superblock Challenger
    • Challenge superblocks.
  • Doge/Eth Price Oracle
    • Inform Doge/Eth price rate.

Workflows

  • New Superblock

    • There is a new block on the doge blockchain, then another one, then another one...
    • Once per hour Superblock Submitters create a new Superblock containing the newly created blocks and send a Superblock summary to SuperblockClaims contract
    • Superblock Challengers will challenge the superblock if they find it invalid. They will request the list of block hashes, the block headers, etc. Superblock Submitters should send that information which is validated onchain by the contract.
    • A Superblock Challenger might challenge one of the block's scrypt hashes. In that case SuperblockClaims contract uses Truebit's Scrypt hash verification to check its correctness.
    • If any information provided by the Superblock Submitter is proven wrong or if it fails to answer, the Superblock is discarded.
    • If no challenge to the Superblock was done after a contest period (or if the challenges failed) the superblock is considered to be "approved". SuperblockClaims contract contract notifies DogeSuperblocks contract which adds the Superblock to its Superblock chain.
    • Note: DogeSuperblocks contract uses a checkpoint instead of starting from dogecoin blockchain genesis.

  • Sending dogecoins to ethereum

    • User selects an operator (any operator who has the desired amount of eth collateral).
    • User sends a lock doge tx of N doges to the doge network using Dogethereum tools lock tool.
    • The doge tx is included in a doge block and several doge blocks are mined on top of it.
    • Once the doge block is included in an approved superblock, the lock tx is ready to be relayed to the eth network.
    • A doge altruistic doge lock tx submitter finds the doge lock tx (In the future there will be a tool for users to relay their own txs).
    • The doge altruistic doge lock tx submitter sends an eth tx to DogeSuperblocks contract containing: the doge lock tx, a partial merkle tree proving the doge lock tx was included in a doge block, the doge block header that contains the doge lock tx, another partial merkle tree proving the block was included in a superblock and the superblock id that contains the block.
    • DogeSuperblocks contract checks the consistency of the supplied information and relays the doge lock tx to DogeToken contract.
    • DogeToken contract checks the doge lock tx actually sends funds to the doge address of a registered operator.
    • DogeToken contract mints N tokens and assigns them to the User. Dogecoin lock txs don't specify a destination eth address. Dogetokens will be assigned to the eth address controlled by the private key that signed the dogecoin lock tx.

  • Sending doge tokens back to dogecoin

    • User selects an operator (any operator who has the desired amount of locked doges).
    • User sends an eth tx to the DogeToken contract invoking the doUnlock function. Destination doge address, amount and operator id are supplied as parameters.
    • DogeToken contract selects the UTXOs to spend, defines the doge tx fee, change and operator fee.
    • The operator agent notices the unlock request. It creates, signs & broadcasts a doge unlock tx.
    • The user receives the unlocked doges.
    • The operator waits the doge tx to be confirmed and included in a superblock and then relays the doge unlock tx to the eth network, so change can be used by DogeToken contract for future unlocks.

Incentives

Some operations require gas to be spent or eth deposit to be frozen. Here are the incentives for doing that.

  • Submitting a Superblock: Superblock submitters will get a fee when the superblock they sent is used to relay a tx.
  • Being an operator: Each time a lock/unlock tx is made, operator gets a fee.
  • Sending dogecoin txs to DogeToken: Each user will send their own dogecoin lock tx to get doge tokens.
  • Superblock challenge: Challengers who find invalid superblocks will get some eth after the challenge/response game finishes.

Assumptions

  • Incentives will guarantee that there is always at least one honest Superblock Submitter and one honest Superblock Challenger online.
  • There are no huge reorgs (i.e. 100+ block) in Doge nor in Eth blockchains

Team

License

MIT License
Copyright (c) 2021 Coinfabrik & Oscar Guindzberg
License

Donations

BTC: 37gWZJPmEjM8RdgjauLsDUgbkYPe5bRFtt
ETH: 0xFc7E364035f52ecA68D71dcfb63D1E3769413d69
DOGE: D5q6QoN51z1daFpkreNqpbVq6i6oP6S35m