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Escaping from KIOSKs

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Check physical device

Component Action
Power button Turning the device off and on again may expose the start screen
Power cable Check whether the device reboots when the power is cut off briefly
USB ports Connect physical keyboard with more shortcuts
Ethernet Network scan or sniffing may enable further exploitation

Check for possible actions inside the GUI application

Common Dialogs are those options of saving a file, opening a file, selecting a font, a color... Most of them will offer a full Explorer functionality. This means that you will be able to access Explorer functionalities if you can access these options:

  • Close/Close as
  • Open/Open with
  • Print
  • Export/Import
  • Search
  • Scan

You should check if you can:

  • Modify or create new files
  • Create symbolic links
  • Get access to restricted areas
  • Execute other apps

Command Execution

Maybe using a Open with option** you can open/execute some kind of shell.

Windows

For example cmd.exe, command.com, Powershell/Powershell ISE, mmc.exe, at.exe, taskschd.msc... find more binaries that can be used to execute commands (and perform unexpected actions) here: https://lolbas-project.github.io/

*NIX __

bash, sh, zsh... More here: https://gtfobins.github.io/

Windows

Bypassing path restrictions

  • Environment variables: There are a lot of environment variables that are pointing to some path
  • Other protocols: about:, data:, ftp:, file:, mailto:, news:, res:, telnet:, view-source:
  • Symbolic links
  • Shortcuts: CTRL+N (open new session), CTRL+R (Execute Commands), CTRL+SHIFT+ESC (Task Manager), Windows+E (open explorer), CTRL-B, CTRL-I (Favourites), CTRL-H (History), CTRL-L, CTRL-O (File/Open Dialog), CTRL-P (Print Dialog), CTRL-S (Save As)
    • Hidden Administrative menu: CTRL-ALT-F8, CTRL-ESC-F9
  • Shell URIs: shell:Administrative Tools, shell:DocumentsLibrary, shell:Librariesshell:UserProfiles, shell:Personal, shell:SearchHomeFolder, shell:Systemshell:NetworkPlacesFolder, shell:SendTo, shell:UsersProfiles, shell:Common Administrative Tools, shell:MyComputerFolder, shell:InternetFolder
  • UNC paths: Paths to connect to shared folders. You should try to connect to the C$ of the local machine ("\\127.0.0.1\c$\Windows\System32")
    • More UNC paths:
UNC UNC UNC
%ALLUSERSPROFILE% %APPDATA% %CommonProgramFiles%
%COMMONPROGRAMFILES(x86)% %COMPUTERNAME% %COMSPEC%
%HOMEDRIVE% %HOMEPATH% %LOCALAPPDATA%
%LOGONSERVER% %PATH% %PATHEXT%
%ProgramData% %ProgramFiles% %ProgramFiles(x86)%
%PROMPT% %PSModulePath% %Public%
%SYSTEMDRIVE% %SYSTEMROOT% %TEMP%
%TMP% %USERDOMAIN% %USERNAME%
%USERPROFILE% %WINDIR%

Download Your Binaries

Console: https://sourceforge.net/projects/console/
Explorer: https://sourceforge.net/projects/explorerplus/files/Explorer%2B%2B/
Registry editor: https://sourceforge.net/projects/uberregedit/

Accessing filesystem from the browser

PATH PATH PATH PATH
File:/C:/windows File:/C:/windows/ File:/C:/windows\ File:/C:\windows
File:/C:\windows\ File:/C:\windows/ File://C:/windows File://C:/windows/
File://C:/windows\ File://C:\windows File://C:\windows/ File://C:\windows\
C:/windows C:/windows/ C:/windows\ C:\windows
C:\windows\ C:\windows/ %WINDIR% %TMP%
%TEMP% %SYSTEMDRIVE% %SYSTEMROOT% %APPDATA%
%HOMEDRIVE% %HOMESHARE


ShortCuts

  • Sticky Keys – Press SHIFT 5 times
  • Mouse Keys – SHIFT+ALT+NUMLOCK
  • High Contrast – SHIFT+ALT+PRINTSCN
  • Toggle Keys – Hold NUMLOCK for 5 seconds
  • Filter Keys – Hold right SHIFT for 12 seconds
  • WINDOWS+F1 – Windows Search
  • WINDOWS+D – Show Desktop
  • WINDOWS+E – Launch Windows Explorer
  • WINDOWS+R – Run
  • WINDOWS+U – Ease of Access Centre
  • WINDOWS+F – Search
  • SHIFT+F10 – Context Menu
  • CTRL+SHIFT+ESC – Task Manager
  • CTRL+ALT+DEL – Splash screen on newer Windows versions
  • F1 – Help F3 – Search
  • F6 – Address Bar
  • F11 – Toggle full screen within Internet Explorer
  • CTRL+H – Internet Explorer History
  • CTRL+T – Internet Explorer – New Tab
  • CTRL+N – Internet Explorer – New Page
  • CTRL+O – Open File
  • CTRL+S – Save CTRL+N – New RDP / Citrix

Swipes

  • Swipe from the left side to the right to see all open Windows, minimizing the KIOSK app and accessing the whole OS directly;
  • Swipe from the right side to the left to open Action Center, minimizing the KIOSK app and accessing the whole OS directly;
  • Swipe in from the top edge to make the title bar visible for an app opened in full screen mode;
  • Swipe up from the bottom to show the taskbar in a full screen app.

Internet Explorer Tricks

'Image Toolbar'

It's a toolbar that appears on the top-left of image when it's clicked. You will be able to Save, Print, Mailto, Open "My Pictures" in Explorer. The Kiosk needs to be using Internet Explorer.

Shell Protocol

Type this URLs to obtain an Explorer view:

  • shell:Administrative Tools
  • shell:DocumentsLibrary
  • shell:Libraries
  • shell:UserProfiles
  • shell:Personal
  • shell:SearchHomeFolder
  • shell:NetworkPlacesFolder
  • shell:SendTo
  • shell:UserProfiles
  • shell:Common Administrative Tools
  • shell:MyComputerFolder
  • shell:InternetFolder
  • Shell:Profile
  • Shell:ProgramFiles
  • Shell:System
  • Shell:ControlPanelFolder
  • Shell:Windows
  • shell:::{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D} --> Control Panel
  • shell:::{20D04FE0-3AEA-1069-A2D8-08002B30309D} --> My Computer
  • shell:::{{208D2C60-3AEA-1069-A2D7-08002B30309D}} --> My Network Places
  • shell:::{871C5380-42A0-1069-A2EA-08002B30309D} --> Internet Explorer

Show File Extensions

Check this page for more information: https://www.howtohaven.com/system/show-file-extensions-in-windows-explorer.shtml

Browsers tricks

Backup iKat versions:

http://swin.es/k/
http://www.ikat.kronicd.net/\

Create a common dialog using JavaScript and access file explorer: document.write('<input/type=file>')
Source: https://medium.com/@Rend\_/give-me-a-browser-ill-give-you-a-shell-de19811defa0

iPad

Gestures and bottoms

  • Swipe up with four (or five) fingers / Double-tap Home button: To view the multitask view and change App
  • Swipe one way or another with four or five fingers: In order to change to the next/last App
  • Pinch the screen with five fingers / Touch Home button / Swipe up with 1 finger from the bottom of the screen in a quick motion to the up: To access Home
  • Swipe one finger from the bottom of the screen just 1-2 inches (slow): The dock will appear
  • Swipe down from the top of the display with 1 finger: To view your notifications
  • Swipe down with 1 finger the top-right corner of the screen: To see iPad Pro's control centre
  • Swipe 1 finger from the left of the screen 1-2 inches: To see Today view
  • Swipe fast 1 finger from the centre of the screen to the right or left: To change to next/last App
  • Press and hold the On/Off/Sleep button at the upper-right corner of the iPad + Move the Slide to power off slider all the way to the right: To power off
  • Press the On/Off/Sleep button at the upper-right corner of the iPad and the Home button for a few second: To force a hard power off
  • Press the On/Off/Sleep button at the upper-right corner of the iPad and the Home button quickly: To take a screenshot that will pop up in the lower left of the display. Press both buttons at the same time very briefly as if you hold them a few seconds a hard power off will be performed.

Shortcuts

You should have an iPad keyboard or a USB keyboard adaptor. Only shortcuts that could help escaping from the application will be shown here.

Key Name
⌘ Command
⌥ Option (Alt)
⇧ Shift
↩ Return
⇥ Tab
^ Control
← Left Arrow
→ Right Arrow
↑ Up Arrow
↓ Down Arrow

System shortcuts

These shortcuts are for the visual settings and sound settings, depending on the use of the iPad.

Shortcut Action
F1 Dim Sscreen
F2 Brighten screen
F7 Back one song
F8 Play/pause
F9 Skip song
F10 Mute
F11 Decrease volume
F12 Increase volume
⌘ Space Display a list of available languages; to choose one, tap the space bar again.

iPad navigation

Shortcut Action
⌘H Go to Home
⌘⇧H (Command-Shift-H) Go to Home
⌘ (Space) Open Spotlight
⌘⇥ (Command-Tab) List last ten used apps
⌘~ Go t the last App
⌘⇧3 (Command-Shift-3) Screenshot (hovers in bottom left to save or act on it)
⌘⇧4 Screenshot and open it in the editor
Press and hold ⌘ List of shortcuts available for the App
⌘⌥D (Command-Option/Alt-D) Brings up the dock
^⌥H (Control-Option-H) Home button
^⌥H H (Control-Option-H-H) Show multitask bar
^⌥I (Control-Option-i) Item chooser
Escape Back button
→ (Right arrow) Next item
← (Left arrow) Previous item
↑↓ (Up arrow, Down arrow) Simultaneously tap selected item
⌥ ↓ (Option-Down arrow) Scroll down
⌥↑ (Option-Up arrow) Scroll up
⌥← or ⌥→ (Option-Left arrow or Option-Right arrow) Scroll left or right
^⌥S (Control-Option-S) Turn VoiceOver speech on or off
⌘⇧⇥ (Command-Shift-Tab) Switch to the previous app
⌘⇥ (Command-Tab) Switch back to the original app
←+→, then Option + ← or Option+→ Navigate through Dock

Safari shortcuts

Shortcut Action
⌘L (Command-L) Open Location
⌘T Open a new tab
⌘W Close the current tab
⌘R Refresh the current tab
⌘. Stop loading the current tab
^⇥ Switch to the next tab
^⇧⇥ (Control-Shift-Tab) Move to the previous tab
⌘L Select the text input/URL field to modify it
⌘⇧T (Command-Shift-T) Open last closed tab (can be used several times)
⌘[ Goes back one page in your browsing history
⌘] Goes forward one page in your browsing history
⌘⇧R Activate Reader Mode

Mail shortcuts

Shortcut Action
⌘L Open Location
⌘T Open a new tab
⌘W Close the current tab
⌘R Refresh the current tab
⌘. Stop loading the current tab
⌘⌥F (Command-Option/Alt-F) Search in your mailbox

References

{% hint style="success" %} Learn & practice AWS Hacking:HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)

Support HackTricks
{% endhint %}