diff --git a/lib/core/utils/matches.js b/lib/core/utils/matches.js
index 412dfcf837..5a20573edf 100644
--- a/lib/core/utils/matches.js
+++ b/lib/core/utils/matches.js
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ function matchesAttributes(vNode, exp) {
     !exp.attributes ||
     exp.attributes.every(att => {
       var nodeAtt = vNode.attr(att.key);
-      return nodeAtt !== null && (!att.value || att.test(nodeAtt));
+      return nodeAtt !== null && att.test(nodeAtt);
     })
   );
 }
@@ -108,9 +108,10 @@ function convertAttributes(atts) {
           return attributeValue !== value;
         };
         break;
+      // attribute existence
       default:
         test = value => {
-          return !!value;
+          return value !== null;
         };
     }
 
diff --git a/test/core/utils/matches.js b/test/core/utils/matches.js
index ad5aac90dc..6951243588 100644
--- a/test/core/utils/matches.js
+++ b/test/core/utils/matches.js
@@ -1,32 +1,32 @@
-describe('utils.matches', function() {
+describe('utils.matches', function () {
   var matches = axe.utils.matches;
   var fixture = document.querySelector('#fixture');
   var queryFixture = axe.testUtils.queryFixture;
   var convertSelector = axe._thisWillBeDeletedDoNotUse.utils.convertSelector;
 
-  afterEach(function() {
+  afterEach(function () {
     fixture.innerHTML = '';
   });
 
-  describe('tag', function() {
-    it('returns true if tag matches', function() {
+  describe('tag', function () {
+    it('returns true if tag matches', function () {
       var virtualNode = queryFixture('<h1 id="target">foo</h1>');
       assert.isTrue(matches(virtualNode, 'h1'));
     });
 
-    it('returns false if the tag does not match', function() {
+    it('returns false if the tag does not match', function () {
       var virtualNode = queryFixture('<h1 id="target">foo</h1>');
       assert.isFalse(matches(virtualNode, 'div'));
     });
 
-    it('is case sensitive for XHTML', function() {
+    it('is case sensitive for XHTML', function () {
       var virtualNode = queryFixture('<H1 id="target">foo</H1>');
       delete virtualNode._cache.props;
       virtualNode._isXHTML = true;
       assert.isFalse(matches(virtualNode, 'h1'));
     });
 
-    it('is case insensitive for HTML, but not for XHTML', function() {
+    it('is case insensitive for HTML, but not for XHTML', function () {
       var virtualNode = queryFixture('<H1 id="target">foo</H1>');
       delete virtualNode._cache.props;
       virtualNode._isXHTML = true;
@@ -34,22 +34,22 @@ describe('utils.matches', function() {
     });
   });
 
-  describe('classes', function() {
-    it('returns true if all classes match', function() {
+  describe('classes', function () {
+    it('returns true if all classes match', function () {
       var virtualNode = queryFixture(
         '<span id="target" class="foo bar baz"></span>'
       );
       assert.isTrue(matches(virtualNode, '.foo.bar.baz'));
     });
 
-    it('returns false if some classes do not match', function() {
+    it('returns false if some classes do not match', function () {
       var virtualNode = queryFixture(
         '<span id="target" class="foo bar baz"></span>'
       );
       assert.isFalse(matches(virtualNode, '.foo.bar.bazz'));
     });
 
-    it('returns false if any classes are missing', function() {
+    it('returns false if any classes are missing', function () {
       var virtualNode = queryFixture(
         '<span id="target" class="foo bar"></span>'
       );
@@ -57,168 +57,196 @@ describe('utils.matches', function() {
     });
   });
 
-  describe('attributes', function() {
-    it('returns true if attribute exists', function() {
+  describe('attributes', function () {
+    it('returns true if attribute exists', function () {
       var virtualNode = queryFixture(
         '<span id="target" foo="baz" bar="foo" baz="bar"></span>'
       );
       assert.isTrue(matches(virtualNode, '[foo]'));
     });
 
-    it('returns true if attribute matches', function() {
+    it('returns true if attribute matches', function () {
       var virtualNode = queryFixture(
         '<span id="target" foo="baz" bar="foo" baz="bar"></span>'
       );
       assert.isTrue(matches(virtualNode, '[foo=baz]'));
     });
 
-    it('returns true if all attributes match', function() {
+    it('returns true if all attributes match', function () {
       var virtualNode = queryFixture(
         '<span id="target" foo="baz" bar="foo" baz="bar"></span>'
       );
       assert.isTrue(matches(virtualNode, '[foo="baz"][bar="foo"][baz="bar"]'));
     });
 
-    it('returns false if some attributes do not match', function() {
+    it('returns false if some attributes do not match', function () {
       var virtualNode = queryFixture(
         '<span id="target" foo="baz" bar="foo" baz="bar"></span>'
       );
       assert.isFalse(matches(virtualNode, '[foo="baz"][bar="foo"][baz="baz"]'));
     });
 
-    it('returns false if any attributes are missing', function() {
+    it('returns false if any attributes are missing', function () {
       var virtualNode = queryFixture(
         '<span id="target" foo="baz" baz="bar"></span>'
       );
       assert.isFalse(matches(virtualNode, '[foo="baz"][bar="foo"][baz="bar"]'));
     });
 
-    it('returns true if attribute starts with value', function() {
+    it('returns true if attribute starts with value', function () {
       var virtualNode = queryFixture(
         '<span id="target" foo="bazaphone" bar="foo" baz="bar"></span>'
       );
       assert.isTrue(matches(virtualNode, '[foo^="baz"]'));
     });
 
-    it('returns true if attribute ends with value', function() {
+    it('returns true if attribute ends with value', function () {
       var virtualNode = queryFixture(
         '<span id="target" foo="bazaphone" bar="foo" baz="bar"></span>'
       );
       assert.isTrue(matches(virtualNode, '[foo$="hone"]'));
     });
 
-    it('returns true if attribute contains value', function() {
+    it('returns true if attribute contains value', function () {
       var virtualNode = queryFixture(
         '<span id="target" foo="bazaphone" bar="foo" baz="bar"></span>'
       );
       assert.isTrue(matches(virtualNode, '[foo*="baz"]'));
     });
 
-    it('returns true if attribute has value', function() {
+    it('returns true if attribute has value', function () {
       var virtualNode = queryFixture(
         '<span id="target" foo="bar baz" bar="foo" baz="bar"></span>'
       );
       assert.isTrue(matches(virtualNode, '[foo~="baz"]'));
     });
+
+    it('returns true if attribute matches having an empty value', function () {
+      var virtualNode = queryFixture(
+        '<span id="target" foo="" bar="foo" baz="bar"></span>'
+      );
+      assert.isTrue(matches(virtualNode, '[foo=""]'));
+    });
+
+    it('returns true if attribute matches not having value', function () {
+      var virtualNode = queryFixture(
+        '<span id="target" foo bar="foo" baz="bar"></span>'
+      );
+      assert.isTrue(matches(virtualNode, '[foo=""]'));
+    });
+
+    it('returns false if attribute should not have value', function () {
+      var virtualNode = queryFixture(
+        '<span id="target" foo="bar baz" bar="foo" baz="bar"></span>'
+      );
+      assert.isFalse(matches(virtualNode, '[foo=""]'));
+    });
+
+    it('should return true if attribute exists without value', function () {
+      var virtualNode = queryFixture(
+        '<span id="target" foo bar="foo" baz="bar"></span>'
+      );
+      assert.isTrue(matches(virtualNode, '[foo]'));
+    });
   });
 
-  describe('id', function() {
-    it('returns true if id matches', function() {
+  describe('id', function () {
+    it('returns true if id matches', function () {
       var virtualNode = queryFixture('<h1 id="target">foo</h1>');
       assert.isTrue(matches(virtualNode, '#target'));
     });
 
-    it('returns false if the id does not match', function() {
+    it('returns false if the id does not match', function () {
       var virtualNode = queryFixture('<h1 id="target">foo</h1>');
       assert.isFalse(matches(virtualNode, '#notTarget'));
     });
   });
 
-  describe('pseudos', function() {
-    it('throws error if pseudo is not implemented', function() {
+  describe('pseudos', function () {
+    it('throws error if pseudo is not implemented', function () {
       var virtualNode = queryFixture('<h1 id="target">foo</h1>');
-      assert.throws(function() {
+      assert.throws(function () {
         matches(virtualNode, 'h1:empty');
       });
-      assert.throws(function() {
+      assert.throws(function () {
         matches(virtualNode, 'h1::before');
       });
     });
 
-    describe(':not', function() {
-      it('returns true if :not matches using tag', function() {
+    describe(':not', function () {
+      it('returns true if :not matches using tag', function () {
         var virtualNode = queryFixture('<h1 id="target">foo</h1>');
         assert.isTrue(matches(virtualNode, 'h1:not(span)'));
       });
 
-      it('returns true if :not matches using class', function() {
+      it('returns true if :not matches using class', function () {
         var virtualNode = queryFixture('<h1 id="target">foo</h1>');
         assert.isTrue(matches(virtualNode, 'h1:not(.foo)'));
       });
 
-      it('returns true if :not matches using attribute', function() {
+      it('returns true if :not matches using attribute', function () {
         var virtualNode = queryFixture('<h1 id="target">foo</h1>');
         assert.isTrue(matches(virtualNode, 'h1:not([class])'));
       });
 
-      it('returns true if :not matches using id', function() {
+      it('returns true if :not matches using id', function () {
         var virtualNode = queryFixture('<h1 id="target">foo</h1>');
         assert.isTrue(matches(virtualNode, 'h1:not(#foo)'));
       });
 
-      it('returns true if :not matches none of the selectors', function() {
+      it('returns true if :not matches none of the selectors', function () {
         var virtualNode = queryFixture('<h1 id="target">foo</h1>');
         assert.isTrue(matches(virtualNode, 'h1:not([role=heading], span)'));
       });
 
-      it('returns false if :not matches element', function() {
+      it('returns false if :not matches element', function () {
         var virtualNode = queryFixture('<h1 id="target">foo</h1>');
         assert.isFalse(matches(virtualNode, 'h1:not([id])'));
       });
 
-      it('returns false if :not matches one of the selectors', function() {
+      it('returns false if :not matches one of the selectors', function () {
         var virtualNode = queryFixture('<h1 id="target">foo</h1>');
         assert.isFalse(matches(virtualNode, 'h1:not([role=heading], [id])'));
       });
     });
 
-    describe(':is', function() {
-      it('returns true if :is matches using tag', function() {
+    describe(':is', function () {
+      it('returns true if :is matches using tag', function () {
         var virtualNode = queryFixture('<h1 id="target">foo</h1>');
         assert.isTrue(matches(virtualNode, ':is(h1)'));
       });
 
-      it('returns true if :is matches using class', function() {
+      it('returns true if :is matches using class', function () {
         var virtualNode = queryFixture('<h1 id="target" class="foo">foo</h1>');
         assert.isTrue(matches(virtualNode, 'h1:is(.foo)'));
       });
 
-      it('returns true if :is matches using attribute', function() {
+      it('returns true if :is matches using attribute', function () {
         var virtualNode = queryFixture('<h1 id="target" class="foo">foo</h1>');
         assert.isTrue(matches(virtualNode, 'h1:is([class])'));
       });
 
-      it('returns true if :is matches using id', function() {
+      it('returns true if :is matches using id', function () {
         var virtualNode = queryFixture('<h1 id="target">foo</h1>');
         assert.isTrue(matches(virtualNode, 'h1:is(#target)'));
       });
 
-      it('returns true if :is matches one of the selectors', function() {
+      it('returns true if :is matches one of the selectors', function () {
         var virtualNode = queryFixture('<h1 id="target">foo</h1>');
         assert.isTrue(matches(virtualNode, ':is([role=heading], h1)'));
       });
 
-      it('returns true if :is matches complex selector', function() {
+      it('returns true if :is matches complex selector', function () {
         var virtualNode = queryFixture('<div><h1 id="target">foo</h1></div>');
         assert.isTrue(matches(virtualNode, 'h1:is(div > #target)'));
       });
 
-      it('returns false if :is does not match element', function() {
+      it('returns false if :is does not match element', function () {
         var virtualNode = queryFixture('<h1 id="target">foo</h1>');
         assert.isFalse(matches(virtualNode, 'h1:is([class])'));
       });
 
-      it('returns false if :is matches none of the selectors', function() {
+      it('returns false if :is matches none of the selectors', function () {
         var virtualNode = queryFixture('<h1 id="target">foo</h1>');
         assert.isFalse(
           matches(virtualNode, 'h1:is([class], span, #foo, .bar)')
@@ -227,22 +255,22 @@ describe('utils.matches', function() {
     });
   });
 
-  describe('complex', function() {
-    it('returns true for complex selector', function() {
+  describe('complex', function () {
+    it('returns true for complex selector', function () {
       var virtualNode = queryFixture(
         '<span id="target" class="foo bar baz"></span>'
       );
       assert.isTrue(matches(virtualNode, 'span.foo[id="target"]:not(div)'));
     });
 
-    it('returns false if any part of the selector does not match', function() {
+    it('returns false if any part of the selector does not match', function () {
       var virtualNode = queryFixture(
         '<span id="target" class="foo bar baz"></span>'
       );
       assert.isFalse(matches(virtualNode, 'span.foo[id="target"]:not(span)'));
     });
 
-    it('returns true if a comma-separated list of selectors match', function() {
+    it('returns true if a comma-separated list of selectors match', function () {
       var virtualNode = queryFixture(
         '<span id="target" class="foo bar baz"></span>'
       );
@@ -250,92 +278,92 @@ describe('utils.matches', function() {
     });
   });
 
-  describe('combinator', function() {
-    it('returns true if parent selector matches', function() {
+  describe('combinator', function () {
+    it('returns true if parent selector matches', function () {
       var virtualNode = queryFixture('<div><h1 id="target">foo</h1></div>');
       assert.isTrue(matches(virtualNode, 'div > h1'));
     });
 
-    it('returns true if nested parent selector matches', function() {
+    it('returns true if nested parent selector matches', function () {
       var virtualNode = queryFixture(
         '<main><div><h1 id="target">foo</h1></div><main>'
       );
       assert.isTrue(matches(virtualNode, 'main > div > h1'));
     });
 
-    it('returns true if hierarchical selector matches', function() {
+    it('returns true if hierarchical selector matches', function () {
       var virtualNode = queryFixture('<div><h1 id="target">foo</h1></div>');
       assert.isTrue(matches(virtualNode, 'div h1'));
     });
 
-    it('returns true if nested hierarchical selector matches', function() {
+    it('returns true if nested hierarchical selector matches', function () {
       var virtualNode = queryFixture(
         '<div><table><tr><td><h1 id="target">foo</h1></td></tr></table></div>'
       );
       assert.isTrue(matches(virtualNode, 'div tr h1'));
     });
 
-    it('returns true if mixed parent and hierarchical selector matches', function() {
+    it('returns true if mixed parent and hierarchical selector matches', function () {
       var virtualNode = queryFixture(
         '<div><table><tr><td><h1 id="target">foo</h1></td></tr></table></div>'
       );
       assert.isTrue(matches(virtualNode, 'div tr > td h1'));
     });
 
-    it('returns false if parent selector does not match', function() {
+    it('returns false if parent selector does not match', function () {
       var virtualNode = queryFixture('<div><h1 id="target">foo</h1></div>');
       assert.isFalse(matches(virtualNode, 'span > h1'));
     });
 
-    it('returns false if nested parent selector does not match', function() {
+    it('returns false if nested parent selector does not match', function () {
       var virtualNode = queryFixture(
         '<main><div><h1 id="target">foo</h1></div><main>'
       );
       assert.isFalse(matches(virtualNode, 'span > div > h1'));
     });
 
-    it('returns false if hierarchical selector does not match', function() {
+    it('returns false if hierarchical selector does not match', function () {
       var virtualNode = queryFixture('<div><h1 id="target">foo</h1></div>');
       assert.isFalse(matches(virtualNode, 'span h1'));
     });
 
-    it('returns false if nested hierarchical selector does not match', function() {
+    it('returns false if nested hierarchical selector does not match', function () {
       var virtualNode = queryFixture(
         '<div><table><tr><td><h1 id="target">foo</h1></td></tr></table></div>'
       );
       assert.isFalse(matches(virtualNode, 'div span h1'));
     });
 
-    it('returns false if mixed parent and hierarchical selector does not match', function() {
+    it('returns false if mixed parent and hierarchical selector does not match', function () {
       var virtualNode = queryFixture(
         '<div><table><tr><td><h1 id="target">foo</h1></td></tr></table></div>'
       );
       assert.isFalse(matches(virtualNode, 'div span > td h1'));
     });
 
-    it('throws error if combinator is not implemented', function() {
+    it('throws error if combinator is not implemented', function () {
       var virtualNode = queryFixture('<div></div><h1 id="target">foo</h1>');
-      assert.throws(function() {
+      assert.throws(function () {
         matches(virtualNode, 'div + h1');
       });
-      assert.throws(function() {
+      assert.throws(function () {
         matches(virtualNode, 'div ~ h1');
       });
     });
   });
 
-  describe('convertSelector', function() {
-    it('should set type to attrExist for attribute selector', function() {
+  describe('convertSelector', function () {
+    it('should set type to attrExist for attribute selector', function () {
       var expression = convertSelector('[disabled]');
       assert.equal(expression[0][0].attributes[0].type, 'attrExist');
     });
 
-    it('should set type to attrValue for attribute value selector', function() {
+    it('should set type to attrValue for attribute value selector', function () {
       var expression = convertSelector('[aria-pressed="true"]');
       assert.equal(expression[0][0].attributes[0].type, 'attrValue');
     });
 
-    it('should set type to attrValue for empty attribute value selector', function() {
+    it('should set type to attrValue for empty attribute value selector', function () {
       var expression = convertSelector('[aria-pressed=""]');
       assert.equal(expression[0][0].attributes[0].type, 'attrValue');
     });