diff --git a/source/module_esolver/esolver_ks_pw.cpp b/source/module_esolver/esolver_ks_pw.cpp
index d16289d4e7..23639d45a3 100644
--- a/source/module_esolver/esolver_ks_pw.cpp
+++ b/source/module_esolver/esolver_ks_pw.cpp
@@ -106,15 +106,18 @@ ESolver_KS_PW<T, Device>::~ESolver_KS_PW()
         container::kernels::destroyGpuBlasHandle();
         container::kernels::destroyGpuSolverHandle();
 #endif
-        delete reinterpret_cast<psi::Psi<T, Device>*>(this->kspw_psi);
     }
 #ifdef __DSP
     std::cout << " ** Closing DSP Hardware..." << std::endl;
     dspDestoryHandle(GlobalV::MY_RANK);
 #endif
+    if(PARAM.inp.device == "gpu" || PARAM.inp.precision == "single")
+    {
+        delete this->kspw_psi;
+    }
     if (PARAM.inp.precision == "single")
     {
-        delete reinterpret_cast<psi::Psi<std::complex<double>, Device>*>(this->__kspw_psi);
+        delete this->__kspw_psi;
     }
 
     delete this->psi;
diff --git a/source/module_hamilt_pw/hamilt_pwdft/VNL_in_pw.cpp b/source/module_hamilt_pw/hamilt_pwdft/VNL_in_pw.cpp
index c33d68470b..b41c8f476e 100644
--- a/source/module_hamilt_pw/hamilt_pwdft/VNL_in_pw.cpp
+++ b/source/module_hamilt_pw/hamilt_pwdft/VNL_in_pw.cpp
@@ -532,9 +532,12 @@ void pseudopot_cell_vnl::getvnl(Device* ctx,
     delmem_var_op()(ctx, ylm);
     delmem_var_op()(ctx, vkb1);
     delmem_complex_op()(ctx, sk);
-    if (base_device::get_device_type<Device>(ctx) == base_device::GpuDevice)
+    if (PARAM.inp.device == "gpu" || PARAM.inp.precision == "single")
     {
         delmem_var_op()(ctx, gk);
+    }
+    if (PARAM.inp.device == "gpu")
+    {
         delmem_int_op()(ctx, atom_nh);
         delmem_int_op()(ctx, atom_nb);
         delmem_int_op()(ctx, atom_na);
diff --git a/source/module_io/read_input_item_system.cpp b/source/module_io/read_input_item_system.cpp
index 97b5875f96..c95e785885 100644
--- a/source/module_io/read_input_item_system.cpp
+++ b/source/module_io/read_input_item_system.cpp
@@ -775,12 +775,28 @@ void ReadInput::item_system()
             para.input.device=base_device::information::get_device_flag(
                                 para.inp.device, para.inp.basis_type);
         };
+        item.check_value = [](const Input_Item& item, const Parameter& para) {
+            std::vector<std::string> avail_list = {"cpu", "gpu"};
+            if (std::find(avail_list.begin(), avail_list.end(), para.input.device) == avail_list.end())
+            {
+                const std::string warningstr = nofound_str(avail_list, "device");
+                ModuleBase::WARNING_QUIT("ReadInput", warningstr);
+            }
+        };
         this->add_item(item);
     }
     {
         Input_Item item("precision");
         item.annotation = "the computing precision for ABACUS";
         read_sync_string(input.precision);
+        item.check_value = [](const Input_Item& item, const Parameter& para) {
+            std::vector<std::string> avail_list = {"single", "double"};
+            if (std::find(avail_list.begin(), avail_list.end(), para.input.precision) == avail_list.end())
+            {
+                const std::string warningstr = nofound_str(avail_list, "precision");
+                ModuleBase::WARNING_QUIT("ReadInput", warningstr);
+            }
+        };
         this->add_item(item);
     }
 }
diff --git a/source/module_psi/psi_init.cpp b/source/module_psi/psi_init.cpp
index f5a0fa6595..24708c9665 100644
--- a/source/module_psi/psi_init.cpp
+++ b/source/module_psi/psi_init.cpp
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ void PSIInit<T, Device>::prepare_init(const int& random_seed)
         this->psi_initer = std::unique_ptr<psi_initializer<T>>(new psi_initializer_random<T>());
     }
     else if (this->init_wfc == "atomic"
-             || (this->init_wfc == "atomic+random" && this->ucell.natomwfc != PARAM.inp.nbands))
+             || (this->init_wfc == "atomic+random" && this->ucell.natomwfc < PARAM.inp.nbands))
     {
         this->psi_initer = std::unique_ptr<psi_initializer<T>>(new psi_initializer_atomic<T>());
     }
@@ -99,17 +99,30 @@ void PSIInit<T, Device>::initialize_psi(Psi<std::complex<double>>* psi,
     const int nbands_start = this->psi_initer->nbands_start();
     const int nbands = psi->get_nbands();
     const int nbasis = psi->get_nbasis();
-    const bool another_psi_space = (nbands_start != nbands || PARAM.inp.precision == "single");
+    const bool not_equal = (nbands_start != nbands);
 
     Psi<T>* psi_cpu = reinterpret_cast<psi::Psi<T>*>(psi);
     Psi<T, Device>* psi_device = kspw_psi;
 
-    if (another_psi_space)
+    if (not_equal)
     {
         psi_cpu = new Psi<T>(1, nbands_start, nbasis, nullptr);
         psi_device = PARAM.inp.device == "gpu" ? new psi::Psi<T, Device>(psi_cpu[0])
                                                : reinterpret_cast<psi::Psi<T, Device>*>(psi_cpu);
     }
+    else if (PARAM.inp.precision == "single")
+    {
+        if (PARAM.inp.device == "cpu")
+        {
+            psi_cpu = reinterpret_cast<psi::Psi<T>*>(kspw_psi);
+            psi_device = kspw_psi;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            psi_cpu = new Psi<T>(1, nbands_start, nbasis, nullptr);
+            psi_device = kspw_psi;  
+        }
+    }
 
     // loop over kpoints, make it possible to only allocate memory for psig at the only one kpt
     // like (1, nbands, npwx), in which npwx is the maximal npw of all kpoints
@@ -126,16 +139,16 @@ void PSIInit<T, Device>::initialize_psi(Psi<std::complex<double>>* psi,
         this->psi_initer->init_psig(psi_cpu->get_pointer(), ik);
         if (psi_device->get_pointer() != psi_cpu->get_pointer())
         {
-            castmem_h2d_op()(ctx, cpu_ctx, psi_device->get_pointer(), psi_cpu->get_pointer(), nbands_start * nbasis);
+            syncmem_h2d_op()(ctx, cpu_ctx, psi_device->get_pointer(), psi_cpu->get_pointer(), nbands_start * nbasis);
         }
 
         std::vector<typename GetTypeReal<T>::type> etatom(nbands_start, 0.0);
 
         if (this->ks_solver == "cg")
         {
-            if (another_psi_space)
+            if (not_equal)
             {
-                // for diagH_subspace_init, psi_cpu->get_pointer() and kspw_psi->get_pointer() should be different
+                // for diagH_subspace_init, psi_device->get_pointer() and kspw_psi->get_pointer() should be different
                 hsolver::DiagoIterAssist<T, Device>::diagH_subspace_init(p_hamilt,
                                                                          psi_device->get_pointer(),
                                                                          nbands_start,
@@ -145,7 +158,7 @@ void PSIInit<T, Device>::initialize_psi(Psi<std::complex<double>>* psi,
             }
             else
             {
-                // for diagH_subspace_init, psi_cpu->get_pointer() and kspw_psi->get_pointer() can be the same
+                // for diagH_subspace, psi_device->get_pointer() and kspw_psi->get_pointer() can be the same
                 hsolver::DiagoIterAssist<T, Device>::diagH_subspace(p_hamilt,
                                                                     *psi_device,
                                                                     *kspw_psi,
@@ -155,14 +168,14 @@ void PSIInit<T, Device>::initialize_psi(Psi<std::complex<double>>* psi,
         }
         else // dav, bpcg
         {
-            if (another_psi_space)
+            if (psi_device->get_pointer() != kspw_psi->get_pointer())
             {
                 syncmem_complex_op()(ctx, ctx, kspw_psi->get_pointer(), psi_device->get_pointer(), nbands * nbasis);
             }
         }
     } // end k-point loop
 
-    if (another_psi_space)
+    if (not_equal)
     {
         delete psi_cpu;
         if(PARAM.inp.device == "gpu")
@@ -170,6 +183,10 @@ void PSIInit<T, Device>::initialize_psi(Psi<std::complex<double>>* psi,
             delete psi_device;
         }
     }
+    else if (PARAM.inp.precision == "single" && PARAM.inp.device == "gpu")
+    {
+        delete psi_cpu;
+    }
 
     ModuleBase::timer::tick("PSIInit", "initialize_psi");
 }
diff --git a/source/module_psi/psi_init.h b/source/module_psi/psi_init.h
index 453d27b072..712952e634 100644
--- a/source/module_psi/psi_init.h
+++ b/source/module_psi/psi_init.h
@@ -82,8 +82,7 @@ class PSIInit
 
     //-------------------------OP--------------------------------------------
     using syncmem_complex_op = base_device::memory::synchronize_memory_op<T, Device, Device>;
-    using castmem_h2d_op
-        = base_device::memory::cast_memory_op<T, T, Device, base_device::DEVICE_CPU>;
+    using syncmem_h2d_op = base_device::memory::synchronize_memory_op<T, Device, base_device::DEVICE_CPU>;
 };
 
 ///@brief allocate the wavefunction