diff --git a/pkg/kv/kvserver/kvflowcontrol/kvflowdispatch/kvflowdispatch.go b/pkg/kv/kvserver/kvflowcontrol/kvflowdispatch/kvflowdispatch.go
index 6b476cc73acb..1af808641b92 100644
--- a/pkg/kv/kvserver/kvflowcontrol/kvflowdispatch/kvflowdispatch.go
+++ b/pkg/kv/kvserver/kvflowcontrol/kvflowdispatch/kvflowdispatch.go
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ package kvflowdispatch
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"sync"
 
 	"github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/base"
 	"github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/kv/kvserver/kvflowcontrol"
@@ -32,13 +33,9 @@ const AdmittedRaftLogEntriesBytes = 50
 // entries to specific nodes, and (ii) to read pending dispatches.
 type Dispatch struct {
 	mu struct {
-		// TODO(irfansharif,aaditya): On kv0/enc=false/nodes=3/cpu=96 this mutex
-		// is responsible for ~3.7% of the mutex contention. Look to address it
-		// as part of #104154. Perhaps shard this mutex by node ID? Or use a
-		// sync.Map instead?
 		syncutil.Mutex
 		// outbox maintains pending dispatches on a per-node basis.
-		outbox map[roachpb.NodeID]dispatches
+		outbox sync.Map // roachpb.NodeID -> *dispatches
 	}
 	metrics *metrics
 	// handles is used to dispatch tokens locally. Remote token dispatches are
@@ -57,7 +54,12 @@ type dispatchKey struct {
 	admissionpb.WorkPriority
 }
 
-type dispatches map[dispatchKey]kvflowcontrolpb.RaftLogPosition
+type dispatches struct {
+	mu struct {
+		syncutil.Mutex
+		items map[dispatchKey]kvflowcontrolpb.RaftLogPosition
+	}
+}
 
 var _ kvflowcontrol.Dispatch = &Dispatch{}
 
@@ -69,7 +71,7 @@ func New(
 		handles: handles,
 		nodeID:  nodeID,
 	}
-	d.mu.outbox = make(map[roachpb.NodeID]dispatches)
+	d.mu.outbox = sync.Map{}
 	d.metrics = newMetrics()
 	registry.AddMetricStruct(d.metrics)
 	return d
@@ -101,50 +103,65 @@ func (d *Dispatch) Dispatch(
 		d.metrics.LocalDispatch[wc].Inc(1)
 		return
 	}
-	d.metrics.RemoteDispatch[wc].Inc(1)
 
-	d.mu.Lock()
-	defer d.mu.Unlock()
+	d.metrics.RemoteDispatch[wc].Inc(1)
+	dispatchMap := d.getDispatchMap(nodeID)
+	var existing kvflowcontrolpb.RaftLogPosition
+	var found bool
+	func() {
+		dispatchMap.mu.Lock()
+		defer dispatchMap.mu.Unlock()
+
+		if len(dispatchMap.mu.items) == 0 {
+			d.metrics.PendingNodes.Inc(1)
+		}
 
-	if _, ok := d.mu.outbox[nodeID]; !ok {
-		d.mu.outbox[nodeID] = dispatches{}
-		d.metrics.PendingNodes.Inc(1)
-	}
+		dk := dispatchKey{
+			entries.RangeID,
+			entries.StoreID,
+			pri,
+		}
 
-	dk := dispatchKey{
-		entries.RangeID,
-		entries.StoreID,
-		pri,
-	}
+		existing, found = dispatchMap.mu.items[dk]
 
-	existing, found := d.mu.outbox[nodeID][dk]
-	if !found || existing.Less(entries.UpToRaftLogPosition) {
-		d.mu.outbox[nodeID][dk] = entries.UpToRaftLogPosition
+		if !found || existing.Less(entries.UpToRaftLogPosition) {
+			dispatchMap.mu.items[dk] = entries.UpToRaftLogPosition
+		}
+	}()
 
-		if !found {
-			d.metrics.PendingDispatches[wc].Inc(1)
-		} else {
+	if found {
+		if existing.Less(entries.UpToRaftLogPosition) {
 			// We're replacing an existing dispatch with one with a higher log
 			// position. Increment the coalesced metric.
 			d.metrics.CoalescedDispatches[wc].Inc(1)
+		} else {
+			// We're dropping a dispatch given we already have a pending one with a
+			// higher log position. Increment the coalesced metric.
+			d.metrics.CoalescedDispatches[wc].Inc(1)
 		}
-	}
-	if found && !existing.Less(entries.UpToRaftLogPosition) {
-		// We're dropping a dispatch given we already have a pending one with a
-		// higher log position. Increment the coalesced metric.
-		d.metrics.CoalescedDispatches[wc].Inc(1)
+	} else {
+		d.metrics.PendingDispatches[wc].Inc(1)
 	}
 }
 
 // PendingDispatch is part of the kvflowcontrol.Dispatch interface.
 func (d *Dispatch) PendingDispatch() []roachpb.NodeID {
+	// NB: We're holding the Dispatch mutex here, which guards against new buckets
+	// being added, synchronization we don't get out of sync.Map.Range() directly.
 	d.mu.Lock()
 	defer d.mu.Unlock()
 
-	nodes := make([]roachpb.NodeID, 0, len(d.mu.outbox))
-	for node := range d.mu.outbox {
-		nodes = append(nodes, node)
-	}
+	var nodes []roachpb.NodeID
+	d.mu.outbox.Range(func(key, value any) bool {
+		dispatchMap := value.(*dispatches)
+		node := key.(roachpb.NodeID)
+		dispatchMap.mu.Lock()
+		defer dispatchMap.mu.Unlock()
+		if len(dispatchMap.mu.items) > 0 {
+			nodes = append(nodes, node)
+		}
+		return true
+	})
 	return nodes
 }
 
@@ -152,16 +169,18 @@ func (d *Dispatch) PendingDispatch() []roachpb.NodeID {
 func (d *Dispatch) PendingDispatchFor(
 	nodeID roachpb.NodeID, maxBytes int64,
 ) ([]kvflowcontrolpb.AdmittedRaftLogEntries, int) {
-	d.mu.Lock()
-	defer d.mu.Unlock()
+	dispatchMap := d.getDispatchMap(nodeID)
 
-	if _, ok := d.mu.outbox[nodeID]; !ok {
+	dispatchMap.mu.Lock()
+	defer dispatchMap.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if len(dispatchMap.mu.items) == 0 {
 		return nil, 0
 	}
 
 	var entries []kvflowcontrolpb.AdmittedRaftLogEntries
 	maxEntries := maxBytes / AdmittedRaftLogEntriesBytes
-	for key, dispatch := range d.mu.outbox[nodeID] {
+	for key, dispatch := range dispatchMap.mu.items {
 		if maxEntries == 0 {
 			break
 		}
@@ -178,18 +197,33 @@ func (d *Dispatch) PendingDispatchFor(
 		wc := admissionpb.WorkClassFromPri(key.WorkPriority)
 		d.metrics.PendingDispatches[wc].Dec(1)
 		maxEntries -= 1
-		delete(d.mu.outbox[nodeID], key)
+		delete(dispatchMap.mu.items, key)
 	}
 
-	remainingDispatches := len(d.mu.outbox[nodeID])
+	remainingDispatches := len(dispatchMap.mu.items)
 	if remainingDispatches == 0 {
-		delete(d.mu.outbox, nodeID)
 		d.metrics.PendingNodes.Dec(1)
 	}
-
 	return entries, remainingDispatches
 }
 
+func (d *Dispatch) getDispatchMap(nodeID roachpb.NodeID) *dispatches {
+	// We hold the d.mu.Lock every time we add to d.mu.outbox to avoid a race
+	// condition in initializing dispatchMap.mu.items and reading from it after
+	// returning from this function.
+	dispatchMap, ok := d.mu.outbox.Load(nodeID)
+	if !ok {
+		d.mu.Lock()
+		defer d.mu.Unlock()
+		var loaded bool
+		dispatchMap, loaded = d.mu.outbox.LoadOrStore(nodeID, &dispatches{})
+		if !loaded {
+			dispatchMap.(*dispatches).mu.items = make(map[dispatchKey]kvflowcontrolpb.RaftLogPosition)
+		}
+	}
+	return dispatchMap.(*dispatches)
+}
+
 // testingMetrics returns the underlying metrics struct for testing purposes.
 func (d *Dispatch) testingMetrics() *metrics {
 	return d.metrics