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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>CloudedBats</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/css/bulma.min.css">
</head>
<body>
<nav class="navbar is-black" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation">
<div class="navbar-brand">
<a class="navbar-item" href="http://cloudedbats.org">
<!-- <img src="cloudedbats_logo.png" width="100px" height="200px"> -->
<img src="static/cloudedbats_logo.png" style="max-height: 100px" class="py-2 px-2">
</a>
<a role="button" id="navbar_burger_id" class="navbar-burger" aria-label="menu" aria-expanded="false"
data-target="navbar-id">
<span aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span aria-hidden="true"></span>
</a>
</div>
<div id="navbar-id" class="navbar-menu">
<div class="navbar-start">
<a class="navbar-item has-text-weight-bold" onclick="hideShowParts('introduction');">CloudedBats</a>
<a class="navbar-item" onclick="hideShowParts('bat-detectors');">Bat detectors</a>
<a class="navbar-item" onclick="hideShowParts('post-processing');">Post processing</a>
<a class="navbar-item" onclick="hideShowParts('stations');">Stations</a>
<a class="navbar-item" onclick="hideShowParts('surveys');">Surveys</a>
<a class="navbar-item" onclick="hideShowParts('news');">News</a>
</div>
<div class="navbar-end">
<a class="navbar-item pr-6" onclick="hideShowParts('about');">About</a>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
<section class="section has-background-white-ter">
<div class="container">
<!-- INTRO -->
<div id="div_introduction_id">
<section class="columns px-2-mobile px-6-tablet">
<div class="column"></div>
<div class="column is-full-mobile is-four-fifths-tablet">
<div class="content">
<h1 class="title">
Welcome to CloudedBats
</h1>
<p class="mb-4">
CloudedBats is my hobby/spare-time project where I'm trying
to develop a complete set of open and free software tools to
be used when acoustically monitoring bats.
In the end it should cover the whole path from the ultrasonic
microphone to well documented survey results that can be shared.
</p>
<p class="mb-4">
Target groups are both professionals like scientists and
environmental consultants as well as citizen scientists and
other groups of bat enthusiasts.
</p>
<p class="subtitle mb-4">
Why do we need open source software when monitoring bats?
</p>
<p class="mb-4">
For me as a software developer, collaboration and transparency is the only way
today to develop and maintain software in an effective way.
Everyone is doing it, both beginners as well as big companies like Google
and Microsoft.
And all software development tools and software libraries I use in the
CloudedBats project are open and free. Then it is an easy decision
to also let my software to be open and free.
</p>
<p class="subtitle mb-4">
What about the bats?
</p>
<p class="mb-4">
We know too little about the more than 1400 bat species that has been
found today, and we must speed up the work. It's urgent because we are
living in a rapidly changing world.
</p>
<p class="mb-2">
Therefore my focus is to find solutions that can be used in all countries,
not only in the northern part of Europe where I live. I think it is really
important that we also starts to openly and freely shares the sound
files that has been recorded directly and don't wait until an article or
report has been published. That will make it easier to collaborate if, for
example, both scientists and enthusiasts/citizen scientists share their
data and sound files.
</p>
<p class="mb-4">
You can read more about Open science here:
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_science">Open science</a>.
</p>
<p class="subtitle mb-4">
Where to start?
</p>
<p class="mb-4">
There are a lot of experimental applications and code parts stored in the
public software repository at GitHub.
They can be of some interest for software developers.
The source code repository can be found here:
<a href="https://github.com/cloudedbats">CloudedBats at GitHub</a>.
</p>
<p class="mb-4">
For normal users the bat detector called <em>WURB</em> is a good start.
You can read more about it on the next page
<a onclick="hideShowParts('bat-detectors');">Bat detectors</a>.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="column">
<p class="buttons mt-2">
<button class="button is-light" onclick="hideShowParts('bat-detectors');">
Next
</button>
</p>
</div>
</section>
</div>
<!-- BAT DETECTORS -->
<div id="div_bat_detectors_id" style="visibility:hidden; overflow:hidden; height:0; width:0;" class="">
<section class="columns px-2-mobile px-6-tablet">
<div class="column"></div>
<div class="column is-four-fifths">
<div class="content">
<h1 class="title">
Bat detectors
</h1>
<p class="mb-4">
Bats are special because they are so good at hiding.
Most bat species are small, they are active when it is dark and
they use ultrasound for navigation and communication.
Therefore, detectors are needed that can record ultrasound and can be used for
either active or passive monitoring.
</p>
<p class="mb-4">
There are good bat detectors available, but I wanted a more flexible and powerful
detector that can be extended in functionality when needed. My requirement list was
something like this when I started to develop my own detector:
<ul>
<li>
The software should be open and free for all kind of usage, even commercial use
if someone want to include parts of it in products that are sold for money.
</li>
<li>
Hardware should be as cheap as possible and easily available where they are
selling electronic things.
The core part should be a small computer that can run the operating
system Linux.
</li>
<li>
There must be support for high quality ultrasonic microphones for professional use,
but also a possibility to have entry level alternatives for beginners.
</li>
</ul>
</p>
<p class="mb-4">
This resulted in a Do-It-Yourself, DIY, bat detector based on three main parts:
<ol>
<li>
<span class="has-text-weight-bold">Computer:</span>
Raspberry Pi is a small computer that is powerful enough and has a
lot of features that makes it good to use for a bat detector.
The base price for it is 35$, but it will cost somewhere between 50 and 100$
depending on taxes and model.
</li>
<li>
<span class="has-text-weight-bold">Microphone:</span>
Ultrasonic microphones with USB connections are supported.
The detector automatically identifies microphones from Pettersson and Dodotronic.
For entry level options there are sound cards available that runs at a sampling
rate of 192 kHz.
That will be enough for the most common bat species and sound up to about 90 kHz
can be recorded.
But then you have to find a suitable microphone element and build that part
yourself.
</li>
<li>
<span class="has-text-weight-bold">Software:</span>
This is the part that I develop myself. Mainly based on my own needs and
what I think is fun to develop.
</li>
</ol>
</p>
<p>
The rest is probably things you already have. Power supply for the
Raspberry Pi computer is the same as the USB power sources used for mobile
phones.
The user interface for the detector is a web page that can run in a web
browser in your computer or mobile phone.
Recorded files can be stored on USB memory sticks, or internally in the
detector for later download to a computer.
Then there are extra options like
USB GPS receivers for time and position and
USB 4G modems for internet access.
</p>
<p>
There are two main things that makes other bat detector alternatives better.
One is power consumption and the Raspberry Pi needs up to 5 Watt of power
where many other detectors can run for weeks on standard batteries.
A slightly bigger Powerbank can be used for single night sessions and will
last for about 12 hours.
If power is available you can use a mobile phone charger and run it permanently.
</p>
<p>
The other problem is that you must know a little about computers and how to run
commands from a terminal window when installing the software.
If you don't have that knowledge you must ask for help, but I think that there
are many people who will be happy and found it interesting to set up a
Raspberry Pi for bat monitoring if you ask them.
</p>
<p class="subtitle my-4">
The WURB detector
</p>
<p class="mb-4">
The WURB detector has been developed since 2017 and I have tried different
option for configuration and control.
In 2020 I started a complete redesign of the software and the version called
"CloudedBats_WURB_2020" is more or less like I want it to be.
There are users in a couple of countries and there are nearly no issues
reported that are related to reliability and stability.
</p>
<p class="mb-4">
For my personal use I have four of them for field work, and some more for
development and test.
The field work detectors are all equipped with Pettersson u384 microphones and
are configured like this:
<ul>
<li>
One WURB detector is for active monitoring. Audio feedback is activated and I
use a technique called pitch shifting for that.
It is like frequency division but the sound quality is not destroyed,
the frequencies are just divided by a factor between 10 and 50.
Recordings can be triggered either manually or automatically when sound is
detected.
If a GPS receiver is attached each file will have the correct position in the
file name that makes is useful for transect monitoring.
</li>
<li>
Then I have two detectors with powerbanks for deployment over night.
The GPS receiver can be removed after deployment since the position will
not change. If they are within a WiFi network they can be controlled
remotely and recorded files can be download while they are running and
are recording new files. I also have some 4G modems that can be used at remote
places to set up communication tunnels (similar to VPN) for remote access and
file download from anywhere where internet is available.
This is really handy because the
detectors can then be controlled and checked that they was correctly setup,
and you don't have to wait to the day after to start analyzing the recorded
files.
</li>
<li>
The last one is a permanent station at home where the WURB detector is
connected and powered by using Power-over-Ethernet, PoE. It is then open
to the internet and anyone can log in as a read-only user and download
files by using SFTP. It was deployed in may 2021 and except for some problems
with thunderstorms it has been running for about 7 months at the moment
(and there are bat activities even when there is snow and the temperature
is below zero degC).
</li>
</ul>
</p>
<p class="mb-4">
There is a user manual for the WURB detector here:<br>
<a
href="https://github.com/cloudedbats/cloudedbats_wurb_2020/blob/master/docs/user_manual_basic.md">
CloudedBats-WURB-2020, User manual - basic usage
</a>.
</p>
<p>
A more detailed description and installation instructions can be found in the
source code repository at GitHub:<br>
<a href="https://github.com/cloudedbats/cloudedbats_wurb_2020">
CloudedBats-WURB-2020
</a>.
</p>
<p class="subtitle my-4">
The Pathfinder detector
</p>
<p class="mb-4">
Pathfinder is an experimental detector for active monitoring only. The plan is to
have stereo sound and also night vision by using infrared light.
The stereo part is already working and I'm working on the night vision part.
Maybe there will be a prototype available during 2022.
</p>
<p class="subtitle my-4">
The AudioMoth detector
</p>
<p class="mb-4">
This is another kind of open source detectors developed by a team at
<a href="https://www.openacousticdevices.info/">Open Acoustic Devices</a>.
They use an interesting concept by also implementing open hardware.
The AudioMoth detector is a good complement to my style of bat detector,
they can be setup to run over longer time periods and the price tag is low.
That means if you need many detectors for a survey, or want to introduce
new people to bats, then AudioMoth definitely is an option.
</p>
<p class="mb-4">
My plan is to also support for sound files recorded by the AudioMoth detectors
when developing the post processing parts. There are some limitation when
recording files by using that kind of minimalistic/low power processor that
can easily be handled in a post processing step.
</p>
<p class="mb-4">
Read more about the AudioMoth project here:<br>
<a href="https://www.openacousticdevices.info/audiomoth">
OpenAcousticDevices - AudioMoth
</a>
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="column">
<p class="buttons mt-2">
<button class="button is-light" onclick="hideShowParts('post-processing');">
Next
</button>
<button class="button is-light" onclick="hideShowParts('introduction');">
Previous
</button>
</p>
</div>
</section>
</div>
<!-- POST PROCESSING -->
<div id="div_post_processing_id" style="visibility:hidden; overflow:hidden; height:0; width:0;" class="">
<section class="columns px-2-mobile px-6-tablet">
<div class="column"></div>
<div class="column is-four-fifths">
<div class="content">
<h1 class="title">
Post processing
</h1>
<p class="mb-4">
Post processing is about everything that happens when the sound files
are recorded. The WURB detectors are mainly used in the same way as the
majority of other bat detectors that can record ultrasonic sound;
the sound files are stored on an USB memory stick, or on the internal
SD card, and must then be manually moved, or downloaded, to a computer
where the following sound file analysis can be done.
</p>
<p class="mb-4">
Since the WURB detector uses a Rasperry Pi computer running Linux
there are many things that can be handled in a more efficient way.
My requirements when starting to develop a new workflow for
post processing are:
<ul>
<li>
Recorded sound files should automatically be moved from connected
WURB detectors to a central public server.
</li>
<li>
Collected sound files should be available more or less directly for
other people to download from the server to do their own analysis.
</li>
<li>
It should be possible to produce an automatically generated activity
report from last nights recordings.
This report should be available via a public web page managed by the
server.
</li>
<li>
It should be possible to do some basic sound file analysis direcly
through the web for files that are stored on the server, as well as
running automated analyses on the server.
</li>
<li>
A system for annotations must be developed that can be used both
for automatically and manually performed analyses.
</li>
<li>
The basic work should be possible to do by using web pages only.
It should be possible to easily download files where a deeper analysis
is needed where the users can use their favorite analysis tools.
</li>
</ul>
</p>
<p class="subtitle my-4">
Data capture
</p>
<p class="mb-4">
Text...
</p>
<p class="subtitle my-4">
Collect data
</p>
<p class="mb-4">
Text...
</p>
<p class="subtitle my-4">
Analysis data
</p>
<p class="mb-4">
Text...
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="column">
<p class="buttons mt-2">
<button class="button is-light" onclick="hideShowParts('stations');">
Next
</button>
<button class="button is-light" onclick="hideShowParts('bat-detectors');">
Previous
</button>
</p>
</div>
</section>
</div>
<!-- Stations -->
<div id="div_stations_id" style="visibility:hidden; overflow:hidden; height:0; width:0;" class="">
<section class="columns px-2-mobile px-6-tablet">
<div class="column"></div>
<div class="column is-four-fifths">
<div class="content">
<h1 class="title">
Stations
</h1>
<p class="subtitle my-4">
Subtitle...
</p>
<p class="mb-4">
Text...
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="column">
<p class="buttons mt-2">
<button class="button is-light" onclick="hideShowParts('surveys');">
Next
</button>
<button class="button is-light" onclick="hideShowParts('post-processing');">
Previous
</button>
</p>
</div>
</section>
</div>
<!-- SURVEYS -->
<div id="div_surveys_id" style="visibility:hidden; overflow:hidden; height:0; width:0;" class="">
<section class="columns px-2-mobile px-6-tablet">
<div class="column"></div>
<div class="column is-four-fifths">
<div class="content">
<h1 class="title">
Surveys
</h1>
<p class="subtitle my-4">
Subtitle...
</p>
<p class="mb-4">
Text...
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="column">
<p class="buttons mt-2">
<button class="button is-light" onclick="hideShowParts('news');">
Next
</button>
<button class="button is-light" onclick="hideShowParts('stations');">
Previous
</button>
</p>
</div>
</section>
</div>
<!-- NEWS -->
<div id="div_news_id" style="visibility:hidden; overflow:hidden; height:0; width:0;" class="">
<section class="columns px-2-mobile px-6-tablet">
<div class="column"></div>
<div class="column is-four-fifths">
<div class="content">
<h1 class="title">
News
</h1>
<p class="subtitle my-4">
December 2021
</p>
<p class="mb-4">
I started this webpage as a complement to the software repositories
stored at GitHub. The goal here is to describe more of "what" and
"why" without digging too deep into the technical parts.
</p>
<p class="mb-4">
I have also started a cleanup of the GitHub repositories.
Together with some users we made a lot of progress during 2021 and
the results from that must be documented and shared, hopefully in the
beginning of next year when some more testing is done.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="column">
<p class="buttons mt-2">
<button class="button is-light" onclick="hideShowParts('about');">
Next
</button>
<button class="button is-light" onclick="hideShowParts('surveys');">
Previous
</button>
</p>
</div>
</section>
</div>
<!-- ABOUT -->
<div id="div_about_id" style="visibility:hidden; overflow:hidden; height:0; width:0;" class="">
<section class="columns px-2-mobile px-6-tablet">
<div class="column"></div>
<div class="column is-three-fifths">
<div class="content">
<h1 class="title">
About
</h1>
<p class="mb-4">
It all started in 2015 when I joined a batwalk in the Botanical garden in
Gothenburg, Sweden. Then I realised that there is a large group of mammals
that I wanted to know more about.
</p>
<p class="subtitle my-4">
My background
</p>
<p class="mb-4">
I have been working with software development on a professional level for
nearly 40 years in a variety of businesses.
During the last 15 years I have been working with systems for marine monitoring
together with a group of skilled marine biologists.
Our home is on a small old farm out in the forest, where we try to protect it
from being taken over by the big dense spruce forest, which is what usually
happens with this type of older agricultural landscape.
</p>
<p class="mb-4">
It has been a joy to combine these parts of knowledge to build my own system
where I now also can monitor the development of the bats that lives at home.
And it is also great to be a part of the rapidly growing community of people
working with bats.
</p>
<p class="subtitle my-4">
CloudedBats
</p>
<p class="mb-4">
CloudedBats is my open source software project where I share the code that
I develop for bats. My basic rules for the project are:
<ul>
<li>I don't want any foundings for the project.
It also means that there are no deadlines and I can always decide for
myself where to spend the available time and energy on the project.
</li>
<li>The software I use myself, both applications and software libraries,
should be free. Hardware used should be generic and affordable
(except for the ultrasonic microphones where high quality is needed).
</li>
<li>Web applications should be preferred over desktop applications
for the parts that I develop myself.
</li>
<li>Python is the main software language for the developed code and
Linux (with distributions based on Debian) is the preferred
operating system.
</li>
<li>The systems I develop should be possible to use in all countries
where there are bats.
There seems to be a huge need for more monitoring in the tropical
areas and other regions with a large number of bat species.
</li>
<li>I prefer to mainly work with people who also share their work and
understand that Open Science is a good thing.
</li>
</ul>
</p>
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