diff --git a/criu/net.c b/criu/net.c
index 7109e6876a..0f7280bb50 100644
--- a/criu/net.c
+++ b/criu/net.c
@@ -2438,27 +2438,39 @@ static inline int do_restore_nftables(struct cr_img *img)
 	off_t img_data_size;
 	char *buf;
 
-	if ((img_data_size = img_raw_size(img)) < 0)
+	if ((img_data_size = img_raw_size(img)) < 0) {
+		pr_err("image size mismatch\n");
 		goto out;
+	}
 
-	if (read_img_str(img, &buf, img_data_size) < 0)
+	if (read_img_str(img, &buf, img_data_size) < 0) {
+		pr_err("Failed to read nftables data\n");
 		goto out;
+	}
 
 	nft = nft_ctx_new(NFT_CTX_DEFAULT);
-	if (!nft)
+	if (!nft) {
+		pr_err("Failed to create nft context object\n");
 		goto buf_free_out;
+	}
+
+	if (nft_ctx_buffer_output(nft) || nft_ctx_buffer_error(nft)) {
+		pr_err("Failed to enable std/err output buffering\n");
+		goto nft_ctx_free_out;
+	}
 
-	if (nft_ctx_buffer_output(nft) || nft_ctx_buffer_error(nft) ||
 #if defined(CONFIG_HAS_NFTABLES_LIB_API_0)
-	    nft_run_cmd_from_buffer(nft, buf, strlen(buf)))
+	if (nft_run_cmd_from_buffer(nft, buf, strlen(buf)))
 #elif defined(CONFIG_HAS_NFTABLES_LIB_API_1)
-	    nft_run_cmd_from_buffer(nft, buf))
+	if (nft_run_cmd_from_buffer(nft, buf))
 #else
-	{
-		BUILD_BUG_ON(1);
-	}
+	BUILD_BUG_ON(1);
 #endif
+	{
+		pr_err("nft command error:\n%s\n%s\n",
+		       nft_ctx_get_error_buffer(nft), buf);
 		goto nft_ctx_free_out;
+	}
 
 	exit_code = 0;
 
@@ -3178,19 +3190,53 @@ static inline int nftables_network_unlock(void)
 #endif
 }
 
+static int iptables_has_criu_jump_target(void)
+{
+	int fd, ret;
+	char *argv[4] = { "sh", "-c", "iptables -C INPUT -j CRIU", NULL };
+
+	fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR);
+	if (fd < 0) {
+		fd = -1;
+		pr_perror("failed to open /dev/null, using log fd");
+	}
+
+	ret = cr_system(fd, fd, fd, "sh", argv, CRS_CAN_FAIL);
+	close_safe(&fd);
+	return ret;
+}
+
 static int iptables_network_unlock_internal(void)
 {
-	char conf[] = "*filter\n"
-		      ":CRIU - [0:0]\n"
-		      "-D INPUT -j CRIU\n"
-		      "-D OUTPUT -j CRIU\n"
-		      "-X CRIU\n"
-		      "COMMIT\n";
+	char delete_jump_targets[] = "*filter\n"
+				     ":CRIU - [0:0]\n"
+				     "-D INPUT -j CRIU\n"
+				     "-D OUTPUT -j CRIU\n"
+				     "COMMIT\n";
+
+	char delete_criu_chain[] = "*filter\n"
+				   ":CRIU - [0:0]\n"
+				   "-X CRIU\n"
+				   "COMMIT\n";
+
 	int ret = 0;
 
-	ret |= iptables_restore(false, conf, sizeof(conf) - 1);
+	ret |= iptables_restore(false, delete_jump_targets, sizeof(delete_jump_targets) - 1);
 	if (kdat.ipv6)
-		ret |= iptables_restore(true, conf, sizeof(conf) - 1);
+		ret |= iptables_restore(true, delete_jump_targets, sizeof(delete_jump_targets) - 1);
+
+	/* For compatibility with iptables-nft backend, we need to make sure that all jump
+	 * targets have been removed before deleting the CRIU chain.
+	 */
+	if (!iptables_has_criu_jump_target()) {
+		ret |= iptables_restore(false, delete_jump_targets, sizeof(delete_jump_targets) - 1);
+		if (kdat.ipv6)
+			ret |= iptables_restore(true, delete_jump_targets, sizeof(delete_jump_targets) - 1);
+	}
+
+	ret |= iptables_restore(false, delete_criu_chain, sizeof(delete_criu_chain) - 1);
+	if (kdat.ipv6)
+		ret |= iptables_restore(true, delete_criu_chain, sizeof(delete_criu_chain) - 1);
 
 	return ret;
 }
diff --git a/scripts/build/Dockerfile.alpine b/scripts/build/Dockerfile.alpine
index 593e190315..2c58c910e7 100644
--- a/scripts/build/Dockerfile.alpine
+++ b/scripts/build/Dockerfile.alpine
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ RUN make mrproper && date && make -j $(nproc) CC="$CC" && date
 RUN apk add \
 	ip6tables \
 	iptables \
+	iptables-legacy \
 	nftables \
 	iproute2 \
 	tar \
diff --git a/test/zdtm/static/Makefile b/test/zdtm/static/Makefile
index 07d3bc6e21..fb856d55b4 100644
--- a/test/zdtm/static/Makefile
+++ b/test/zdtm/static/Makefile
@@ -85,7 +85,8 @@ TST_NOFILE	:=				\
 		socket-tcp4v6			\
 		socket-tcp-local		\
 		socket-tcp-reuseport		\
-		socket-tcp-nfconntrack		\
+		socket-tcp-ipt-nfconntrack	\
+		socket-tcp-nft-nfconntrack	\
 		socket-tcp6-local		\
 		socket-tcp4v6-local		\
 		socket-tcpbuf			\
@@ -277,7 +278,7 @@ pkg-config-check = $(shell sh -c '$(PKG_CONFIG) $(1) && echo y')
 ifeq ($(call pkg-config-check,libbpf),y)
 TST_NOFILE	+=				\
 		bpf_hash			\
-		bpf_array			
+		bpf_array
 endif
 
 ifneq ($(ARCH),arm)
@@ -598,7 +599,8 @@ socket-tcpbuf6-local:	CFLAGS += -D ZDTM_TCP_LOCAL -D ZDTM_IPV6
 socket-tcp6-local:	CFLAGS += -D ZDTM_TCP_LOCAL -D ZDTM_IPV6
 socket-tcp4v6-local:	CFLAGS += -D ZDTM_TCP_LOCAL -D ZDTM_IPV4V6
 socket-tcp-local:	CFLAGS += -D ZDTM_TCP_LOCAL
-socket-tcp-nfconntrack: CFLAGS += -D ZDTM_TCP_LOCAL -DZDTM_CONNTRACK
+socket-tcp-ipt-nfconntrack: CFLAGS += -D ZDTM_TCP_LOCAL -DZDTM_IPT_CONNTRACK
+socket-tcp-nft-nfconntrack: CFLAGS += -D ZDTM_TCP_LOCAL -DZDTM_NFT_CONNTRACK
 socket_listen6:		CFLAGS += -D ZDTM_IPV6
 socket_listen4v6:	CFLAGS += -D ZDTM_IPV4V6
 socket-tcp6-closed:	CFLAGS += -D ZDTM_IPV6
diff --git a/test/zdtm/static/socket-tcp-nfconntrack.c b/test/zdtm/static/socket-tcp-ipt-nfconntrack.c
similarity index 100%
rename from test/zdtm/static/socket-tcp-nfconntrack.c
rename to test/zdtm/static/socket-tcp-ipt-nfconntrack.c
diff --git a/test/zdtm/static/socket-tcp-ipt-nfconntrack.desc b/test/zdtm/static/socket-tcp-ipt-nfconntrack.desc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..53dd822854
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/zdtm/static/socket-tcp-ipt-nfconntrack.desc
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+{
+    'feature': 'has_ipt_legacy',
+    'flavor': 'h',
+    'opts': '--tcp-established',
+    'flags': 'suid'
+}
diff --git a/test/zdtm/static/socket-tcp-nfconntrack.desc b/test/zdtm/static/socket-tcp-nfconntrack.desc
deleted file mode 100644
index add2513f81..0000000000
--- a/test/zdtm/static/socket-tcp-nfconntrack.desc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-{'flavor': 'h', 'opts': '--tcp-established', 'flags': 'suid'}
diff --git a/test/zdtm/static/socket-tcp-nft-nfconntrack.c b/test/zdtm/static/socket-tcp-nft-nfconntrack.c
new file mode 120000
index 0000000000..8cb60dd03a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/zdtm/static/socket-tcp-nft-nfconntrack.c
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+socket-tcp.c
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/test/zdtm/static/socket-tcp-nft-nfconntrack.desc b/test/zdtm/static/socket-tcp-nft-nfconntrack.desc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..38a4eb3897
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/zdtm/static/socket-tcp-nft-nfconntrack.desc
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+    'flavor': 'h',
+    'feature': 'network_lock_nftables',
+    'opts': '--tcp-established',
+    'dopts': '--network-lock nftables',
+    'flags': 'suid'
+}
diff --git a/test/zdtm/static/socket-tcp.c b/test/zdtm/static/socket-tcp.c
index f6ef473853..9830c7860a 100644
--- a/test/zdtm/static/socket-tcp.c
+++ b/test/zdtm/static/socket-tcp.c
@@ -67,17 +67,38 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 	int val;
 	socklen_t optlen;
 
-#ifdef ZDTM_CONNTRACK
+#ifdef ZDTM_IPT_CONNTRACK
 	if (unshare(CLONE_NEWNET)) {
 		pr_perror("unshare");
 		return 1;
 	}
 	if (system("ip link set up dev lo"))
 		return 1;
-	if (system("iptables -w -A INPUT -i lo -p tcp -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT"))
+
+	if (system("iptables-legacy -w -A INPUT -i lo -p tcp -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT"))
+		return 1;
+	if (system("iptables-legacy -w -A INPUT -j DROP"))
+		return 1;
+
+#endif
+
+#ifdef ZDTM_NFT_CONNTRACK
+	if (unshare(CLONE_NEWNET)) {
+		pr_perror("unshare");
 		return 1;
-	if (system("iptables -w -A INPUT -j DROP"))
+	}
+	if (system("ip link set up dev lo"))
+		return 1;
+
+	if (system("nft add table ip filter"))
 		return 1;
+	if (system("nft add chain ip filter INPUT"))
+		return 1;
+	if (system("nft add rule ip filter INPUT iifname \"lo\" ip protocol tcp ct state new,established counter accept"))
+		return 1;
+	if (system("nft add rule ip filter INPUT counter drop"))
+		return 1;
+
 #endif
 
 #ifdef ZDTM_TCP_LOCAL