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index.html
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<!doctype html><html lang="en">
<head>
<meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type">
<title>URL Fragment Text Directives</title>
<meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no" name="viewport">
<link href="https://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/2021/cg-draft" rel="stylesheet">
<meta content="Bikeshed version 82ce88815, updated Thu Sep 7 16:33:55 2023 -0700" name="generator">
<link href="https://wicg.github.io/scroll-to-text-fragment/" rel="canonical">
<style>
.monkeypatch {
color: grey;
}
.monkeypatch .diff {
color: var(--text);
}
</style>
<style>/* Boilerplate: style-autolinks */
.css.css, .property.property, .descriptor.descriptor {
color: var(--a-normal-text);
font-size: inherit;
font-family: inherit;
}
.css::before, .property::before, .descriptor::before {
content: "‘";
}
.css::after, .property::after, .descriptor::after {
content: "’";
}
.property, .descriptor {
/* Don't wrap property and descriptor names */
white-space: nowrap;
}
.type { /* CSS value <type> */
font-style: italic;
}
pre .property::before, pre .property::after {
content: "";
}
[data-link-type="property"]::before,
[data-link-type="propdesc"]::before,
[data-link-type="descriptor"]::before,
[data-link-type="value"]::before,
[data-link-type="function"]::before,
[data-link-type="at-rule"]::before,
[data-link-type="selector"]::before,
[data-link-type="maybe"]::before {
content: "‘";
}
[data-link-type="property"]::after,
[data-link-type="propdesc"]::after,
[data-link-type="descriptor"]::after,
[data-link-type="value"]::after,
[data-link-type="function"]::after,
[data-link-type="at-rule"]::after,
[data-link-type="selector"]::after,
[data-link-type="maybe"]::after {
content: "’";
}
[data-link-type].production::before,
[data-link-type].production::after,
.prod [data-link-type]::before,
.prod [data-link-type]::after {
content: "";
}
[data-link-type=element],
[data-link-type=element-attr] {
font-family: Menlo, Consolas, "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace;
font-size: .9em;
}
[data-link-type=element]::before { content: "<" }
[data-link-type=element]::after { content: ">" }
[data-link-type=biblio] {
white-space: pre;
}
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
:root {
--selflink-text: black;
--selflink-bg: silver;
--selflink-hover-text: white;
}
}
</style>
<style>/* Boilerplate: style-colors */
/* Any --*-text not paired with a --*-bg is assumed to have a transparent bg */
:root {
color-scheme: light dark;
--text: black;
--bg: white;
--unofficial-watermark: url(https://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/2016/logos/UD-watermark);
--logo-bg: #1a5e9a;
--logo-active-bg: #c00;
--logo-text: white;
--tocnav-normal-text: #707070;
--tocnav-normal-bg: var(--bg);
--tocnav-hover-text: var(--tocnav-normal-text);
--tocnav-hover-bg: #f8f8f8;
--tocnav-active-text: #c00;
--tocnav-active-bg: var(--tocnav-normal-bg);
--tocsidebar-text: var(--text);
--tocsidebar-bg: #f7f8f9;
--tocsidebar-shadow: rgba(0,0,0,.1);
--tocsidebar-heading-text: hsla(203,20%,40%,.7);
--toclink-text: var(--text);
--toclink-underline: #3980b5;
--toclink-visited-text: var(--toclink-text);
--toclink-visited-underline: #054572;
--heading-text: #005a9c;
--hr-text: var(--text);
--algo-border: #def;
--del-text: red;
--del-bg: transparent;
--ins-text: #080;
--ins-bg: transparent;
--a-normal-text: #034575;
--a-normal-underline: #bbb;
--a-visited-text: var(--a-normal-text);
--a-visited-underline: #707070;
--a-hover-bg: rgba(75%, 75%, 75%, .25);
--a-active-text: #c00;
--a-active-underline: #c00;
--blockquote-border: silver;
--blockquote-bg: transparent;
--blockquote-text: currentcolor;
--issue-border: #e05252;
--issue-bg: #fbe9e9;
--issue-text: var(--text);
--issueheading-text: #831616;
--example-border: #e0cb52;
--example-bg: #fcfaee;
--example-text: var(--text);
--exampleheading-text: #574b0f;
--note-border: #52e052;
--note-bg: #e9fbe9;
--note-text: var(--text);
--noteheading-text: hsl(120, 70%, 30%);
--notesummary-underline: silver;
--assertion-border: #aaa;
--assertion-bg: #eee;
--assertion-text: black;
--advisement-border: orange;
--advisement-bg: #fec;
--advisement-text: var(--text);
--advisementheading-text: #b35f00;
--warning-border: red;
--warning-bg: hsla(40,100%,50%,0.95);
--warning-text: var(--text);
--amendment-border: #330099;
--amendment-bg: #F5F0FF;
--amendment-text: var(--text);
--amendmentheading-text: #220066;
--def-border: #8ccbf2;
--def-bg: #def;
--def-text: var(--text);
--defrow-border: #bbd7e9;
--datacell-border: silver;
--indexinfo-text: #707070;
--indextable-hover-text: black;
--indextable-hover-bg: #f7f8f9;
--outdatedspec-bg: rgba(0, 0, 0, .5);
--outdatedspec-text: black;
--outdated-bg: maroon;
--outdated-text: white;
--outdated-shadow: red;
--editedrec-bg: darkorange;
}
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
:root {
--text: #ddd;
--bg: black;
--unofficial-watermark: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='400' height='400'%3E%3Cg fill='%23100808' transform='translate(200 200) rotate(-45) translate(-200 -200)' stroke='%23100808' stroke-width='3'%3E%3Ctext x='50%25' y='220' style='font: bold 70px sans-serif; text-anchor: middle; letter-spacing: 6px;'%3EUNOFFICIAL%3C/text%3E%3Ctext x='50%25' y='305' style='font: bold 70px sans-serif; text-anchor: middle; letter-spacing: 6px;'%3EDRAFT%3C/text%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E");
--logo-bg: #1a5e9a;
--logo-active-bg: #c00;
--logo-text: white;
--tocnav-normal-text: #999;
--tocnav-normal-bg: var(--bg);
--tocnav-hover-text: var(--tocnav-normal-text);
--tocnav-hover-bg: #080808;
--tocnav-active-text: #f44;
--tocnav-active-bg: var(--tocnav-normal-bg);
--tocsidebar-text: var(--text);
--tocsidebar-bg: #080808;
--tocsidebar-shadow: rgba(255,255,255,.1);
--tocsidebar-heading-text: hsla(203,20%,40%,.7);
--toclink-text: var(--text);
--toclink-underline: #6af;
--toclink-visited-text: var(--toclink-text);
--toclink-visited-underline: #054572;
--heading-text: #8af;
--hr-text: var(--text);
--algo-border: #456;
--del-text: #f44;
--del-bg: transparent;
--ins-text: #4a4;
--ins-bg: transparent;
--a-normal-text: #6af;
--a-normal-underline: #555;
--a-visited-text: var(--a-normal-text);
--a-visited-underline: var(--a-normal-underline);
--a-hover-bg: rgba(25%, 25%, 25%, .2);
--a-active-text: #f44;
--a-active-underline: var(--a-active-text);
--borderedblock-bg: rgba(255, 255, 255, .05);
--blockquote-border: silver;
--blockquote-bg: var(--borderedblock-bg);
--blockquote-text: currentcolor;
--issue-border: #e05252;
--issue-bg: var(--borderedblock-bg);
--issue-text: var(--text);
--issueheading-text: hsl(0deg, 70%, 70%);
--example-border: hsl(50deg, 90%, 60%);
--example-bg: var(--borderedblock-bg);
--example-text: var(--text);
--exampleheading-text: hsl(50deg, 70%, 70%);
--note-border: hsl(120deg, 100%, 35%);
--note-bg: var(--borderedblock-bg);
--note-text: var(--text);
--noteheading-text: hsl(120, 70%, 70%);
--notesummary-underline: silver;
--assertion-border: #444;
--assertion-bg: var(--borderedblock-bg);
--assertion-text: var(--text);
--advisement-border: orange;
--advisement-bg: #222218;
--advisement-text: var(--text);
--advisementheading-text: #f84;
--warning-border: red;
--warning-bg: hsla(40,100%,20%,0.95);
--warning-text: var(--text);
--amendment-border: #330099;
--amendment-bg: #080010;
--amendment-text: var(--text);
--amendmentheading-text: #cc00ff;
--def-border: #8ccbf2;
--def-bg: #080818;
--def-text: var(--text);
--defrow-border: #136;
--datacell-border: silver;
--indexinfo-text: #aaa;
--indextable-hover-text: var(--text);
--indextable-hover-bg: #181818;
--outdatedspec-bg: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);
--outdatedspec-text: black;
--outdated-bg: maroon;
--outdated-text: white;
--outdated-shadow: red;
--editedrec-bg: darkorange;
}
/* In case a transparent-bg image doesn't expect to be on a dark bg,
which is quite common in practice... */
img { background: white; }
}
</style>
<style>/* Boilerplate: style-counters */
body {
counter-reset: example figure issue;
}
.issue {
counter-increment: issue;
}
.issue:not(.no-marker)::before {
content: "Issue " counter(issue);
}
.example {
counter-increment: example;
}
.example:not(.no-marker)::before {
content: "Example " counter(example);
}
.invalid.example:not(.no-marker)::before,
.illegal.example:not(.no-marker)::before {
content: "Invalid Example" counter(example);
}
figcaption {
counter-increment: figure;
}
figcaption:not(.no-marker)::before {
content: "Figure " counter(figure) " ";
}
</style>
<style>/* Boilerplate: style-dfn-panel */
:root {
--dfnpanel-bg: #ddd;
--dfnpanel-text: var(--text);
}
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
:root {
--dfnpanel-bg: #222;
--dfnpanel-text: var(--text);
}
}
.dfn-panel {
position: absolute;
z-index: 35;
width: 20em;
width: 300px;
height: auto;
max-height: 500px;
overflow: auto;
padding: 0.5em 0.75em;
font: small Helvetica Neue, sans-serif, Droid Sans Fallback;
background: var(--dfnpanel-bg);
color: var(--dfnpanel-text);
border: outset 0.2em;
white-space: normal; /* in case it's moved into a pre */
}
.dfn-panel:not(.on) { display: none; }
.dfn-panel * { margin: 0; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; }
.dfn-panel > b { display: block; }
.dfn-panel a { color: var(--dfnpanel-text); }
.dfn-panel a:not(:hover) { text-decoration: none !important; border-bottom: none !important; }
.dfn-panel > b + b { margin-top: 0.25em; }
.dfn-panel ul { padding: 0 0 0 1em; list-style: none; }
.dfn-panel li a {
white-space: pre;
display: inline-block;
max-width: calc(300px - 1.5em - 1em);
overflow: hidden;
text-overflow: ellipsis;
}
.dfn-panel.activated {
display: inline-block;
position: fixed;
left: .5em;
bottom: 2em;
margin: 0 auto;
max-width: calc(100vw - 1.5em - .4em - .5em);
max-height: 30vh;
}
.dfn-paneled[role="button"] { cursor: pointer; }
</style>
<style>/* Boilerplate: style-dfn-panel */
:root {
--dfnpanel-bg: #ddd;
--dfnpanel-text: var(--text);
}
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
:root {
--dfnpanel-bg: #222;
--dfnpanel-text: var(--text);
}
}
.dfn-panel {
position: absolute;
z-index: 35;
width: 20em;
width: 300px;
height: auto;
max-height: 500px;
overflow: auto;
padding: 0.5em 0.75em;
font: small Helvetica Neue, sans-serif, Droid Sans Fallback;
background: var(--dfnpanel-bg);
color: var(--dfnpanel-text);
border: outset 0.2em;
white-space: normal; /* in case it's moved into a pre */
}
.dfn-panel:not(.on) { display: none; }
.dfn-panel * { margin: 0; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; }
.dfn-panel > b { display: block; }
.dfn-panel a { color: var(--dfnpanel-text); }
.dfn-panel a:not(:hover) { text-decoration: none !important; border-bottom: none !important; }
.dfn-panel > b + b { margin-top: 0.25em; }
.dfn-panel ul { padding: 0 0 0 1em; list-style: none; }
.dfn-panel li a {
white-space: pre;
display: inline-block;
max-width: calc(300px - 1.5em - 1em);
overflow: hidden;
text-overflow: ellipsis;
}
.dfn-panel.activated {
display: inline-block;
position: fixed;
left: .5em;
bottom: 2em;
margin: 0 auto;
max-width: calc(100vw - 1.5em - .4em - .5em);
max-height: 30vh;
}
.dfn-paneled[role="button"] { cursor: pointer; }
</style>
<style>/* Boilerplate: style-issues */
a[href].issue-return {
float: right;
float: inline-end;
color: var(--issueheading-text);
font-weight: bold;
text-decoration: none;
}
</style>
<style>/* Boilerplate: style-md-lists */
/* This is a weird hack for me not yet following the commonmark spec
regarding paragraph and lists. */
[data-md] > :first-child {
margin-top: 0;
}
[data-md] > :last-child {
margin-bottom: 0;
}
</style>
<style>/* Boilerplate: style-selflinks */
:root {
--selflink-text: white;
--selflink-bg: gray;
--selflink-hover-text: black;
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<body class="h-entry">
<div class="head">
<p data-fill-with="logo"><a class="logo" href="https://www.w3.org/"> <img alt="W3C" height="48" src="https://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/2021/logos/W3C" width="72"> </a> </p>
<h1 class="p-name no-ref" id="title">URL Fragment Text Directives</h1>
<p id="w3c-state"><a href="https://www.w3.org/standards/types#CG-DRAFT">Draft Community Group Report</a>, <time class="dt-updated" datetime="2023-12-13">13 December 2023</time></p>
<div data-fill-with="spec-metadata">
<dl>
<dt>This version:
<dd><a class="u-url" href="https://wicg.github.io/scroll-to-text-fragment/">https://wicg.github.io/scroll-to-text-fragment/</a>
<dt>Issue Tracking:
<dd><a href="https://github.com/wicg/scroll-to-text-fragment/issues/">GitHub</a>
<dd><a href="#issues-index">Inline In Spec</a>
<dt class="editor">Editors:
<dd class="editor p-author h-card vcard"><a class="p-name fn u-email email" href="mailto:[email protected]">Nick Burris</a> (<a class="p-org org" href="https://www.google.com">Google</a>)
<dd class="editor p-author h-card vcard"><a class="p-name fn u-email email" href="mailto:[email protected]">David Bokan</a> (<a class="p-org org" href="https://www.google.com">Google</a>)
<dt>Test Suite:
<dd class="wpt-overview"><a href="https://wpt.fyi/results/scroll-to-text-fragment/">https://wpt.fyi/results/scroll-to-text-fragment/</a>
</dl>
</div>
<div data-fill-with="warning"></div>
<p class="copyright" data-fill-with="copyright"><a href="https://www.w3.org/policies/#copyright">Copyright</a> © 2023 the Contributors to the URL Fragment Text Directives Specification, published by the <a href="https://www.w3.org/community/wicg/">Web Platform Incubator Community Group</a> under the <a href="https://www.w3.org/community/about/agreements/cla/">W3C Community Contributor License Agreement (CLA)</a>.
A human-readable <a href="http://www.w3.org/community/about/agreements/cla-deed/">summary</a> is available. </p>
<hr title="Separator for header">
</div>
<div class="p-summary" data-fill-with="abstract">
<h2 class="no-num no-toc no-ref heading settled" id="abstract"><span class="content">Abstract</span></h2>
<p>Text directives add support for specifying a text snippet in the URL
fragment. When navigating to a URL with such a fragment, the user agent
can quickly emphasise and/or bring it to the user’s attention.</p>
</div>
<div data-fill-with="at-risk"></div>
<h2 class="no-num no-toc no-ref heading settled" id="status"><span class="content">Status of this document</span></h2>
<div data-fill-with="status">
<p> This specification was published by the <a href="https://www.w3.org/community/wicg/">Web Platform Incubator Community Group</a>.
It is not a W3C Standard nor is it on the W3C Standards Track.
Please note that under the <a href="https://www.w3.org/community/about/agreements/cla/">W3C Community Contributor License Agreement (CLA)</a> there is a limited opt-out and other conditions apply.
Learn more about <a href="http://www.w3.org/community/">W3C Community and Business Groups</a>. </p>
<p></p>
</div>
<div data-fill-with="at-risk"></div>
<nav data-fill-with="table-of-contents" id="toc">
<h2 class="no-num no-toc no-ref" id="contents">Table of Contents</h2>
<ol class="toc" role="directory">
<li><a href="#infrastructure"><span class="secno">1</span> <span class="content">Infrastructure</span></a>
<li>
<a href="#introduction"><span class="secno">2</span> <span class="content">Introduction</span></a>
<ol class="toc">
<li>
<a href="#use-cases"><span class="secno">2.1</span> <span class="content">Use cases</span></a>
<ol class="toc">
<li><a href="#web-text-references"><span class="secno">2.1.1</span> <span class="content">Web text references</span></a>
<li><a href="#user-sharing"><span class="secno">2.1.2</span> <span class="content">User sharing</span></a>
</ol>
</ol>
<li>
<a href="#description"><span class="secno">3</span> <span class="content">Description</span></a>
<ol class="toc">
<li><a href="#indication"><span class="secno">3.1</span> <span class="content">Indication</span></a>
<li>
<a href="#syntax"><span class="secno">3.2</span> <span class="content">Syntax</span></a>
<ol class="toc">
<li><a href="#context-terms"><span class="secno">3.2.1</span> <span class="content">Context Terms</span></a>
<li><a href="#bidi-considerations"><span class="secno">3.2.2</span> <span class="content">BiDi Considerations</span></a>
</ol>
<li>
<a href="#the-fragment-directive"><span class="secno">3.3</span> <span class="content">The Fragment Directive</span></a>
<ol class="toc">
<li><a href="#extracting-the-fragment-directive"><span class="secno">3.3.1</span> <span class="content">Extracting the fragment directive</span></a>
<li><a href="#applying-directives-to-a-document"><span class="secno">3.3.2</span> <span class="content">Applying directives to a document</span></a>
<li><a href="#parsing-the-fragment-directive"><span class="secno">3.3.3</span> <span class="content">Parsing the fragment directive</span></a>
<li><a href="#fragment-directive-grammar"><span class="secno">3.3.4</span> <span class="content">Fragment directive grammar</span></a>
</ol>
<li>
<a href="#text-directives"><span class="secno">3.4</span> <span class="content">Text Directives</span></a>
<ol class="toc">
<li><a href="#invoking-text-directives"><span class="secno">3.4.1</span> <span class="content">Invoking Text Directives</span></a>
</ol>
<li>
<a href="#security-and-privacy"><span class="secno">3.5</span> <span class="content">Security and Privacy</span></a>
<ol class="toc">
<li><a href="#motivation"><span class="secno">3.5.1</span> <span class="content">Motivation</span></a>
<li><a href="#scroll-on-navigation"><span class="secno">3.5.2</span> <span class="content">Scroll On Navigation</span></a>
<li><a href="#search-timing"><span class="secno">3.5.3</span> <span class="content">Search Timing</span></a>
<li><a href="#restricting-the-text-fragment"><span class="secno">3.5.4</span> <span class="content">Restricting the Text Fragment</span></a>
<li><a href="#restricting-scroll-on-load"><span class="secno">3.5.5</span> <span class="content">Restricting Scroll on Load</span></a>
</ol>
<li>
<a href="#navigating-to-text-fragment"><span class="secno">3.6</span> <span class="content">Navigating to a Text Fragment</span></a>
<ol class="toc">
<li><a href="#finding-ranges-in-a-document"><span class="secno">3.6.1</span> <span class="content">Finding Ranges in a Document</span></a>
<li><a href="#word-boundaries"><span class="secno">3.6.2</span> <span class="content">Word Boundaries</span></a>
</ol>
<li>
<a href="#indicating-the-text-match"><span class="secno">3.7</span> <span class="content">Indicating The Text Match</span></a>
<ol class="toc">
<li>
<a href="#urls-in-ua-features"><span class="secno">3.7.1</span> <span class="content">URLs in UA features</span></a>
<ol class="toc">
<li><a href="#urls-in-location-bar"><span class="secno">3.7.1.1</span> <span class="content">Location Bar</span></a>
<li><a href="#urls-in-bookmarks"><span class="secno">3.7.1.2</span> <span class="content">Bookmarks</span></a>
<li><a href="#urls-in-sharing"><span class="secno">3.7.1.3</span> <span class="content">Sharing</span></a>
</ol>
</ol>
<li><a href="#document-policy-integration"><span class="secno">3.8</span> <span class="content">Document Policy Integration</span></a>
<li><a href="#feature-detectability"><span class="secno">3.9</span> <span class="content">Feature Detectability</span></a>
</ol>
<li>
<a href="#generating-text-fragment-directives"><span class="secno">4</span> <span class="content">Generating Text Fragment Directives</span></a>
<ol class="toc">
<li><a href="#prefer-exact-matching-to-range-based"><span class="secno">4.1</span> <span class="content">Prefer Exact Matching To Range-based</span></a>
<li><a href="#use-context-only-when-necessary"><span class="secno">4.2</span> <span class="content">Use Context Only When Necessary</span></a>
<li><a href="#determine-if-fragment-id-is-needed"><span class="secno">4.3</span> <span class="content">Determine If Fragment Id Is Needed</span></a>
</ol>
<li>
<a href="#w3c-conformance"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">Conformance</span></a>
<ol class="toc">
<li><a href="#w3c-conventions"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">Document conventions</span></a>
</ol>
<li>
<a href="#index"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">Index</span></a>
<ol class="toc">
<li><a href="#index-defined-here"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">Terms defined by this specification</span></a>
<li><a href="#index-defined-elsewhere"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">Terms defined by reference</span></a>
</ol>
<li>
<a href="#references"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">References</span></a>
<ol class="toc">
<li><a href="#normative"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">Normative References</span></a>
<li><a href="#informative"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">Informative References</span></a>
</ol>
<li><a href="#idl-index"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">IDL Index</span></a>
<li><a href="#issues-index"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">Issues Index</span></a>
</ol>
</nav>
<main>
<h2 class="heading settled" data-level="1" id="infrastructure"><span class="secno">1. </span><span class="content">Infrastructure</span><a class="self-link" href="#infrastructure"></a></h2>
<p>This specification depends on the Infra Standard. <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-infra" title="Infra Standard">[INFRA]</a> </p>
<h2 class="heading settled" data-level="2" id="introduction"><span class="secno">2. </span><span class="content">Introduction</span><a class="self-link" href="#introduction"></a></h2>
<div class="note" role="note">This section is non-normative</div>
<h3 class="heading settled" data-level="2.1" id="use-cases"><span class="secno">2.1. </span><span class="content">Use cases</span><a class="self-link" href="#use-cases"></a></h3>
<h4 class="heading settled" data-level="2.1.1" id="web-text-references"><span class="secno">2.1.1. </span><span class="content">Web text references</span><a class="self-link" href="#web-text-references"></a></h4>
The core use case for text fragments is to allow URLs to serve as an exact text
reference across the web. For example, Wikipedia references could link to the
exact text they are quoting from a page. Similarly, search engines can serve
URLs that direct the user to the answer they are looking for in the page rather
than linking to the top of the page.
<h4 class="heading settled" data-level="2.1.2" id="user-sharing"><span class="secno">2.1.2. </span><span class="content">User sharing</span><a class="self-link" href="#user-sharing"></a></h4>
With text fragments, browsers may implement an option to 'Copy URL to here'
when the user opens the context menu on a text selection. The browser can then
generate a URL with the text selection appropriately specified, and the
recipient of the URL will have the specified text conveniently indicated.
Without text fragments, if a user wants to share a passage of text from a page,
they would likely just copy and paste the passage, in which case the receiver
loses the context of the page.
<h2 class="heading settled" data-level="3" id="description"><span class="secno">3. </span><span class="content">Description</span><a class="self-link" href="#description"></a></h2>
<h3 class="heading settled" data-level="3.1" id="indication"><span class="secno">3.1. </span><span class="content">Indication</span><a class="self-link" href="#indication"></a></h3>
<div class="note" role="note">This section is non-normative</div>
<p>This specification intentionally doesn’t define what actions a user agent takes
to "indicate" a text match. There are different experiences and trade-offs a
user agent could make. Some examples of possible actions:</p>
<ul>
<li data-md>
<p>Providing visual emphasis or highlight of the text passage</p>
<li data-md>
<p>Automatically scrolling the passage into view when the page is navigated</p>
<li data-md>
<p>Activating a UA’s find-in-page feature on the text passage</p>
<li data-md>
<p>Providing a "Click to scroll to text passage" notification</p>
<li data-md>
<p>Providing a notification when the text passage isn’t found in the page</p>
</ul>
<div class="note" role="note"> The choice of action can have implications for user security and privacy. See
the <a href="#security-and-privacy">§ 3.5 Security and Privacy</a> section for details. </div>
<h3 class="heading settled" data-level="3.2" id="syntax"><span class="secno">3.2. </span><span class="content">Syntax</span><a class="self-link" href="#syntax"></a></h3>
<div class="note" role="note">This section is non-normative</div>
<p>A <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#text-directive" id="ref-for-text-directive">text directive</a> is specified in the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#fragment-directive" id="ref-for-fragment-directive">fragment directive</a> (see <a href="#the-fragment-directive">§ 3.3 The Fragment Directive</a>) with the following format:</p>
<pre>#:~:text=[prefix-,]start[,end][,-suffix]
context |--match--| context
</pre>
<p><em>(Square brackets indicate an optional parameter)</em></p>
<p>The text parameters are percent-decoded before matching. Dash (-), ampersand
(&), and comma (,) characters in text parameters are percent-encoded to avoid
being interpreted as part of the text directive syntax.</p>
<p>The only required parameter is <code>start</code>. If only <code>start</code> is specified, the
first instance of this exact text string is the target text.</p>